Journal articles: 'Direct Drive Variable Speed'

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Shaharudin, Nurshahirah, Mohd Zamri Hasan, and Syatirah Mohd Noor. "Direct Current (DC) Motor Speed and Direction Controller." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2129, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2129/1/012035.

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Abstract The direct current motor is an important drive configuration for many applications across a wide range of power and speeds. It has variable characteristics and is used extensively in variable-speed drives. The goals of this project are to control the direction and speed of a Direct Current (DC) motor. Due to the advancement of wireless technology, there are several communication devices introduced such as GSM, Wi-Fi, ZIGBEE and Bluetooth. Each of the connections has its own unique specification and application. Among these wireless connections, Bluetooth technology is often implemented and can be sent from the mobile phone at a distance of 10 meters. The speed control was implemented using Bluetooth technology to provide communication access from a smartphone. Instead, the ARDUINO UNO platform can be used to quickly promote electronic systems. And an electronics technique is called Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used to achieve speed control, and this technique generates high and low pulses, then these pulses vary the speed in the motor. In order to control this PWM pulse, variable resistors are used and depend on it the speed of the DC motor will increase or decrease. The variable resistor is adjusting to varying the speed of the motor, and the higher the resistance the lower the speed of the motor rotates. The direction of the motor is controlled by the relay by giving and giving a command on the virtual terminal. The speed of the motor is directly proportional to the resistance as the speed increased after the resistance also increased and vice versa. The significance of this study is practical and highly feasible from the economic point of view and has the advantage of running the motor at a higher rating in term of a reliable, durable, accurate and efficient way of controlling speed and direction control.

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Liu, Jinpu, and Guanghui Nie. "Variable Speed Control Analysis of Direct-Drive Wind Turbines Incorporating the Variable Gain Pitch Knowledge Identification Algorithm." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (September 16, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6242534.

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For direct-drive wind turbines, effective methods can be adopted to reduce the generator speed fluctuation under the rated wind speed. However, there is a nonlinear relationship between the change of pitch angle of wind turbine and wind speed. In order to obtain the maximum power of the wind turbine, under the working condition of wind gust, this paper takes the principle of prior action of the pitch control and uses the variable gain pitch knowledge identification algorithm to achieve the effective control of the motor speed by designing the power pitch generator on the pitch controller to ensure that the pitch angle can be operated quickly under the rated power, and at the same time, the nonlinearities are added to the speed control process of the pitch angle generator. The gain factor of the pitch angle generator speed control process can ensure that the pitch control can work in advance under the wind gust environment. Finally, the simulation results show that the two gust control methods can achieve effective suppression of wind turbine generator in the case of overspeed, which can effectively increase the power generation of wind farms, reduce the load of wind turbines, and improve the operating stability of the system.

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Zhong, Mei Peng, and Feng Li Huang. "Control of Direct-Drive Compressor Based on Variable Structure Sliding Mode." Applied Mechanics and Materials 88-89 (August 2011): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.88-89.122.

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In order to reduce vibration a new variable structure sliding mode control strategy was proposed in direct-drive air compressor,because torque fluctuate of direct-drive air compressor is large. In order to reduce volume and economize energy, direct-drive air compressor dived by permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM). Mathematics model of air compressor torque was built up, and load of air compressor was analyzed. Mathematics model and torque equation of PMSM were built up. Variable structure sliding mode to PMSM was built up. Basing on characteristic to control of PMSM and load of air compressor, the system was simulated in simulink. The result shows that rotate speed fluctuate of direct-drive air compressor controlled by variable structure sliding mode is less than that of direct-drive air compressor controlled by PI. The test of direct-drive air compressor dived by PSMS was done. Experimental results verified that variable structure sliding mode control strategy improve dynamic quality of system and has good robustness. Volume a of Direct-drive air compressor dived by permanent magnet PMSM are little, and its efficiency is high.

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R, Mini, Saranya C, B. Hariram Satheesh, and Dinesh M.N. "Low Speed Estimation in Sensorless Direct Torque Controlled Induction Motor Drive using Extended Kalman Filter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 6, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 819. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v6.i4.pp819-830.

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Sensorless Direct Torque Control (DTC) is a powerful control scheme for high performance control of induction motor (IM) drives, which provides very quick dynamic response with simple structure and a decoupled control of torque and flux. The performance of the DTC drive depends greatly on the accuracy of the estimated flux components, torque and speed, using monitored stator voltages and currents. Low speed estimation is a great challenge because of the presence of transient offset, drift and domination of ohmic voltage drop.Extended Kalman filter (EKF) is a non linear adaptive filter which performs the process of finding the best estimate from the noisy data based on state space techniques and recursive algorithm.This paper mainly focuses on the accurate estimation of speed ranging from very low speed to rated speed using the equation of motion. A new state space model of the IM is developed for estimation in EKF, with load torque as an input variable and not as an estimated quantity which is the case in most previous studies.The developed algorithm is validated using MATLAB-Simulink platform for speeds ranging from low speed to rated speed at rated torque and at various torque conditions. An exhaustive analysis is carried out to validate the performance of DTC Induction motor drive especially at the low speeds. The results are promising for accurate estimation of speed ranging from low speed to rated speed using EKF.

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Zhou, Qixun, Hao Gong, Guanghui Du, Yingxing Zhang, and Hucheng He. "Distributed Permanent Magnet Direct-Drive Belt Conveyor System and Its Control Strategy." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 19, 2022): 8699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228699.

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The long-distance traditional belt conveyor driven by a single high-power motor has the problems of excessive tension increments and sharp fluctuations in speed and tension. This paper designs a distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor system. The dynamic model of the conveyor belt unit and the permanent magnet motor is analyzed. The multi-motor ring coupling control strategy and the double sliding film direct torque control strategy of the belt conveyor system are formulated. The mechanical-electrical coupling dynamic model of the belt conveyor system is built. Using MATLAB/Simulink modeling and simulation, the vector control strategy and electromechanical coupling dynamic behavior of the traditional belt conveyor system and the distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor system under light load start-up and local variable load operation conditions are studied. The results show that: the distributed permanent magnet direct drive belt conveyor system significantly reduces the peak of conveyor belt tension increment; the time spent under the starting light-load operation condition is shorter, and the fluctuation amplitude of speed and tension is smaller; it is possible to reduce the speed and tension fluctuation range of the conveying system and improve the robustness of the conveying system under local variable load conditions. Experiments have verified that increasing the number of drive motors in a conventional belt conveyor can suppress the disturbance caused by local load changes, and the distributed permanent magnet direct-drive belt conveyor has better dynamic regulation performance.

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R, Mini, Shabana Backer P., B. Hariram Satheesh, and Dinesh M. N. "Low Speed Estimation of Sensorless DTC Induction Motor Drive Using MRAS with Neuro Fuzzy Adaptive Controller." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 8, no. 5 (October 1, 2018): 2691. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v8i5.pp2691-2702.

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<p>This paper presents a closed loop Model Reference Adaptive system (MRAS) observer with artificial intelligent Nuero fuzzy controller (NFC) as the adaptation technique to mitigate the low speed estimation issues and to improvise the performance of the Sensorless Direct Torque Controlled (DTC) Induction Motor Drives (IMD). Rotor flux MRAS and reactive power MRAS with NFC is explored and detailed analysis is carried out for low speed estimation. Comparative analysis between rotor flux MRAS and reactive power MRAS with PI as well as NFC as adaptive controller is performed and results are presented in this paper. The comparative analysis among these four speed estimation methods shows that reactive power MRAS with NFC as adaptation mechanism shows reduced speed estimation error and actual speed error at steady state operating conditions when the drive is subjected to low speed operation. Simulation carried out using MATLAB-Simulink software to validate the performance of the drive especially at low speeds with rated and variable load conditions.</p>

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ULUTAŞ, Alper, and Tarık DURU. "Variable-Speed Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind Turbine Modeling and Simulation." Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.34088/kojose.515467.

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Chung, S. K. "Robust speed control of brushless direct-drive motor using integral variable structure control." IEE Proceedings - Electric Power Applications 142, no. 6 (1995): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-epa:19952230.

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Torres, Eduardo, and Mario Garcia-Sanz. "Experimental results of the variable speed, direct drive multipole synchronous wind turbine TWT1650." Wind Energy 7, no. 2 (April 2004): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/we.113.

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Qiao, Shan, Jian Ying Xu, and Bing Han. "A Direct Torque Controlled Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drive with Variable Parameters Speed Regulator." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1510.

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This paper reports results of further investigation of the direct torque control to a permanent magnet synchronous motor drive. A variable parameters speed controller is proposed from the point of view of speed control to accelerate the dynamic response and increase the control precision and decrease the torque ripple of the system. It is presented that a reference flux vector calculation direct torque control system with a speed controller using different proportional and integral coefficients, and a novel torque-limiting method is recommended. The simulation results show that the control system can improve its performances and limit torque ripple effectively.

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Jidin, Auzani, Kasrul Abdul Karim, Khairi Rahim, Logan Raj Lourdes Victor Raj, Sundram Ramahlingam, and Tole Sutikno. "A Review on Constant Switching Frequency Techniques for Direct Torque Control of Induction Motor." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 7, no. 2 (August 1, 2017): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v7.i2.pp364-372.

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The Direct Torque Control (DTC) of induction machine has received wide acceptance in many Variable Speed Drive (VSD) applications due to its simple control structure and excellent torque dynamic control performances. However, the conventional DTC which employs a two-level inverter and hysteresis controllers produces two major drawbacks, namely, larger torque ripple and variable switching frequency, which might produce a very high switching frequency (or power loss), particularly at a very low speed operation. This paper highlight the common methods used to provide the constant switching frequency for DTC drives for Induction Motor that able to minimize the power losses and reduced the torque ripple.

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Yang, Bo, Guang Zeng, and Yan Ru Zhong. "The Variable Speed Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Wind Power System Used on Matrix Converter." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 7569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.7569.

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A voltage control strategy of the converter inverter-stage is proposed for the variable speed direct drive wind power system which consists with the two stage matrix converter (TSMC) and the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). In this control strategy, the inverter-stage voltage is controlled by the adjusted of inverter-stage modulation ratio M. For two cases, which is strong wind speed and weak wind speed, the ways that is decrease M and increase M are used and obtain the wide wind speed capture range. The resulted of simulation and experiment show that this way can make the voltage stabled. The performance of the converter implement this control strategy is still as same as the dual PWM converter and the wind power system preserve the feature of the wide wind speed capture range. So this way is effective and feasible to some extent.

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Lv, Xiang Yu, Bo Gao, Guo Wei Cai, and De Xin Li. "Analysis of Low Voltage Ride-Through Capability for Variable Speed Wind Turbines Using Experimental and Measured Data." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 1865–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.1865.

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With an increasing amount of wind energy installed, the behavior of wind turbines during grid disturbances becomes more and more important. This paper introduces the basic structures of doubly-fed wind turbines and direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbines and analyses the capability of low voltage ride through (LVRT) of the wind turbines. Finally this paper elaborates the principle and the procedures of the LVRT tests. The results of the tests show that: Doubly-fed wind turbines and direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbines are equipped with LVRT capability. The turbines are able to operate normally without disconnection and provide reactive power to support grid restoration during the dip. The direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous wind turbines are superior to the doubly-fed wind turbines on LVRT since a full-power converter is used.

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Yazdani, A., and R. Iravani. "A Neutral-Point Clamped Converter System for Direct-Drive Variable-Speed Wind Power Unit." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 21, no. 2 (June 2006): 596–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2005.860392.

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DOUIRI, MOULAY RACHID, MOHAMED CHERKAOUI, and AHMED ESSADKI. "NEURO-GENETIC OBSERVER SPEED FOR DIRECT TORQUE NEURO-FUZZY CONTROL OF INDUCTION MOTOR DRIVE." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 21, no. 07 (November 2012): 1250060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126612500600.

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In this work, we applied artificial intelligence techniques to improve the dynamic performance of sensorless direct torque control (DTC). First, we replace the conventional comparator and selection table applied to the DTC induction motor with a neural-fuzzy controller to learn the advantages of both methods; learning capacity of the first and readability and flexibility of the second. This evaluation is obtained using the electromagnetic torque error, the error module and angle of the stator flux vector. Then we propose a new estimation method rotor speed using an adaptive neural observer. The error between the desired state variable and the actual state variable of a neural model is back propagated to adjust the weights of neural model, so that the actual state variable tracks the desired value. Finally, the proportional and integral controller gains are optimized by a genetic algorithm to ensure the optimum performance of rotor speed. The simulation results show the effectiveness of control methods available.

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Kıvrak, Sinan, Tolga Özer, and Yüksel Oğuz. "Design and implementation of dspic33fj32mc204 microcontroller–based asynchronous motor voltage/frequency speed control circuit for the ventilation systems of vehicles." Measurement and Control 52, no. 7-8 (July 17, 2019): 1039–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019858097.

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Direct current motors are used for blower fans as well as for many other systems in vehicles. In this study, it was suggested to use an asynchronous motor instead of the direct current motor for the blower fan. Therefore, an induction motor driver was designed. The purpose of designing this driver was to allow the use of asynchronous motors instead of the brushed direct current motors utilized in automotive ventilation systems. Power and control circuits were designed. A three-phase variable frequency voltage was obtained using an inverter circuit designed with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor semiconductor elements from the direct voltage. The voltage/frequency control method was applied to the induction motor. The power circuit was designed using three npn-type and three pnp-type metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors, in order to reduce the number of independent sources. The direct current motors generally used in automotive ventilation systems have 12 V operating voltage, so the driver was designed to be used in the 12–18 V range. In this study, the alternating current driver was used for a 90 W asynchronous motor and drive at 12 V and 18 V variable input voltage values. The dsPIC33fj32mc204 microcontroller was used to achieve variable frequency and speed control.

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Echeikh, Hamdi, Hichem Kesraoui, Ramzi Trabelsi, Atif Iqbal, and Mohamed Faouzi Mimouni. "A novel DTC scheme for a sensorless five-phase IM drive under open-phase fault." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 38, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-01-2018-0036.

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Purpose This paper aims to deal with direct torque controller when the five-phase induction motor drive in faulty operation. Precisely, open-phase fault condition is contemplated. Also, the DTC is combined with a speed-adaptive variable-structure observer based on sliding mode observer. Design methodology/approach Two novel features are presented. First, the concept of the virtual voltage vector is presented, which eliminates low-frequency harmonic currents and simplifies analysis. Second, speed information is introduced into the selection of the inverter states. Findings Direct torque control (DTC) is largely used in traditional three-phase drives as a backup to rotor-stator flux-oriented methods. The classic DTC strategy was primarily designed on the base of hysteresis controllers to control two independent variables (speed, torque and flux). Due to the additional degrees of freedom offered by multiphase machine, extensive works have been extended on the ensemble five-phase drives in healthy operation. In addition, the ability to continue the operation in faulty conditions is considering one of the main advantages of multiphase machines. One can find in the literature different approaches treating this subject. The applicability of DTC after the appearing of a fault has not been enclosed in the literature. Originality/value Theoretical development is presented in details followed by simulation results using Matlab/Simulink to analyze the performance of the drive, comparing with the behavior during healthy situation.

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Chowdhury, Mujaddid Morshed, Md Enamul Haque, Debasish Das, Ameen Gargoom, and Michael Negnevitsky. "Modeling, parameter measurement and sensorless speed estimation of IPM synchronous generator for direct drive variable speed wind turbine application." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 25, no. 9 (April 29, 2014): 1814–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etep.1933.

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Yuan, Xibo, and Yongdong Li. "Control of variable pitch and variable speed direct‐drive wind turbines in weak grid systems with active power balance." IET Renewable Power Generation 8, no. 2 (March 2014): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-rpg.2012.0212.

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Fahlén, Per, Hendrik Voll, and Jüri Naumov. "EFFICIENCY OF PUMP OPERATION IN HYDRONIC HEATING AND COOLING SYSTEMS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2006.9636373.

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Developments in pump technology provide new possibilities of improving both the efficiency and the quality of control of hydronic heating and cooling systems. Improved pump efficiency and direct flow control can substantially reduce the drive power to circulation pumps. Measurements show that a simple VSD (variable speed drive) does not unduly degrade the efficiency of commonly used pumps. An example from a residential heat pump installation indicates possible savings of around 30 % of the total drive energy to the heat pump. Another example illustrates how direct flow control can simplify systems and reduce electric drive power in supply‐air conditioning systems.

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Yuhendri, Muldi, Ahyanuardi Ahyanuardi, and Aswardi Aswardi. "Direct Torque Control Strategy of PMSM Employing Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v9.i1.pp64-72.

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Matrix converter is a good choice for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drives, because it has high power density and does not require dc-link energy storage. the disadvantages of conventional matrix converter is using 18 active switches, so it becomes expensive and the modulation method becomes more complicated than back to back converter. To minimize this problem, this paper proposes variable speed drive of PMSM using Ultra Sparse Matrix Converter (USMC) based on Direct Torque Control (DTC) methods. This converter uses only 9 active switches, making it cheaper than conventional matrix converter. DTC is designed based on Space Vector Modulation (SVM) to reduce torque and flux ripples due to the hysteresis control in conventional DTC. The simulation results show that DTC based SVM using USMC effectively controls the rotor speed with low torque and flux ripples.

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Qian, Jin Gui, Si Jia Zhou, Ji Bao Huang, and Ke Gang Zhao. "Gearless Continuously Variable Transmission Technology and its Application in Wind Power Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 614 (September 2014): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.614.145.

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Based on gearless continuously variable transmission technology, a cascaded wind power generation system with Variable Speed Constant Frequency (VSCF) is presented in this paper. The system has combined the advantages of doubly-fed and direct-drive wind power generation system. The raising-speed gear box has been done away with, and the system reliability has been improved. Reducing the power capacity of the aspects of the variable frequency speed regulation, the function of grid-connected electricity generation can be achieved with less cost. Synchronous generator directly connects to grid, which helps to optimize power quality. The topological structure of system is discussed in this paper, and its operating principle is analyzed, revealing its characteristics and engineering application prospects.

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Gao, Su Ling, Tai Xuan Jia, and Chuang Lu. "Improved on Control Method of Direct-Drive Wind Power Generation System." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 2130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.2130.

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A simulating is researched on the wind power system based on the direct drive PM synchronous generator. It’s maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method. According to the grey system, GM (1,1) model is used to predict the dynamic process of the complex system. When it arrives the maximum power point or so, the least square method is evaluated basing on the experimental data, then calculated the point. Finally the maximum relative error is given between the evaluatal value and experimental data. The results are testified the variable speed system’s good traits of capturing more power and system reliability.

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Bao, Jian Yu, Wei Bing Bao, and Jie Gong. "MPPT Control for Current Source Converter Based PMSG Wind Energy Conversion System." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1460–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1460.

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Current source converter (CSC) configuration tailored to high-power grid-connected wind energy conversion system (WECS) has been an attractive solution for direct drive of permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs). A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme for a PMSG-based WECS is presented in this paper. On the generator side, a fully controlled current source converter is inserted as a circuit interface to handle a wide range of the variable wind speeds. Rectifier side controller extracts maximum power through closed-loop regulation of generator speed. The available maximum power fed to the grid is adjusted by regulating dc-link output current of CSC according to the variable wind speed. Simulation results obtained from a megawatt PSIM model are provided to verify the proposed concepts.

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Wang, Lei, Tao Shen, and Chen Chen. "Multimodel Modeling and Predictive Control for Direct-Drive Wind Turbine with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/296436.

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The safety and reliability of the wind turbines wholly depend on the completeness and reliability of the control system which is an important problem for the validity of the wind energy conversion systems (WECSs). A method based on multimodel modeling and predictive control is proposed for the optimal operation of direct-drive wind turbine with permanent magnet synchronous generator in this paper. In this strategy, wind turbine with direct-drive permanent magnet synchronous generator is modeled and a backpropagation artificial neural network is designed to estimate the wind speed loaded into the turbine model in real time through the estimated turbine shaft speed and mechanical power. The nonlinear wind turbine system is presented by multiple linear models. The desired trajectory of the nonlinear system is decomposed to be suitable for the reference trajectory of multiple models that are presented by the linear models of the nonlinear system, which simplifies the nonlinear optimization problems and decreases the calculation difficulty. Then a multivariable control strategy based on model predictive control techniques for the control of variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbines is proposed. Finally, simulation results are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy, and the conclusion that multiple model predictive controller (MMPC) has better control performance than the PI control method is obtained.

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Petrovas, Andrius, Roma Rinkeviciene, and Saulius Lisauskas. "Design of Observer for Direct Current Drive." Solid State Phenomena 147-149 (January 2009): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.147-149.119.

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Control theory proposes to apply observers in systems with uncertain plant parameters. Observers can be used for calculation of feedback gains and getting desired, even strictly determined response requirements. The paper considers design of controller for direct current drive. As state space variables are chosen armature current and angular speed of motor. Mathematical model of the motor, operating with load which is assumed as disturbance, is elaborated. Full order Luenberg observer is designed according to desired characteristic equation of system. The results of simulation are presented and discussed.

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Sayeef, S., G. Foo, and M. F. Rahman. "Rotor Position and Speed Estimation of a Variable Structure Direct Torque Controlled Ipm Synchronous Motor Drive at Very Low Speeds." Australian Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 6, no. 3 (January 2009): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1448837x.2009.11464245.

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Gong, Xiang, and Wei Qiao. "Bearing Fault Diagnosis for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines via Current-Demodulated Signals." Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on 60, no. 8 (April 2013): 3419–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2013.2238871.

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Bearing faults account for a large portion of all faults in wind turbine generators (WTGs). Current-based bearing fault diagnosis techniques have great economic benefits and are potential to be adopted by the wind energy industry. This paper models the modulation effects of bearing faults on the stator currents of a direct-drive wind turbine equipped with a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) operating with a variable shaft rotating frequency. Based on the analysis, a method consisting of appropriate current frequency and amplitude demodulation algorithms and a 1P-invariant power spectrum density algorithm is proposed for bearing fault diagnosis of variable-speed direct-drive wind turbines using only one-phase stator current measurements, where 1P frequency stands for the shaft rotating frequency of a wind turbine. Experimental results on a direct-drive wind turbine equipped with a PMSG operating in a wind tunnel are provided to verify the proposed fault diagnosis method. The proposed method is demonstrated to have advantages over the method of directly using stator current measurements for WTG bearing fault diagnosis.

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Rajasekaran, P., and V. Jawahar Senthilkumar. "An Improved DTFC based Five Levels - NPC Inverter Fed Induction Motor for Torque Ripple Minimization." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v7.i2.pp531-542.

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This paper presents a five level Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) inverter fed IM (Induction Motor) drive for variable speed application. In general the stator current is very highly affected by the harmonic components. It can be affecting the torque to produce high torque ripple in IM at maximum to low speed region. Since the drive performances are depends on mathematical model contains the parameters variations, noise, common mode voltage, flux variation and harmonic levels of the machine. Torque ripples and voltage saturations are the most significant problems in drive application. To overcome this problem the DTFC (direct torque and flux control) technique based ﬁve-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC-5L) approach is used. The proposed control scheme uses to stator current error as variable. Through the resistance estimated PI controller rules based the selection of voltage space vector modulation technique is optimized and motor performance level has been improved. The torque & speed are successfully controlled with less torque response. The results are compared and verified with conventional three phases VSI under different control technique by Matlab/Simulink.

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Shriwastava, Rakesh G., Mohan P. Thakare, Kishor Vinayak Bhadane, Mahesh S. Harne, and Nandkumar B. Wagh. "Performance enhancement of DCMLI fed DTC-PMSM drive in electric vehicle." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2022): 1867–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i4.3714.

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This paper focus on the simulation and hardware analysis of a diode clamped multilevel inverter (DCMLI) fed direct torque control (DTC) permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive in electric vehicle (EV) application. DTC-PMSM drive is more used for torque and speed control. The existing DTC PMSM drive consists of torque and flux hysteresis comparators and suffers from variable switching frequency and torque ripples. These problems can be solved by using carrier-based space vector modulation (CBSVM) about torque and flux. In this proposed approach a DCMLI fed 4 poles, 0.5 HP DTC PMSM drive system is designed and simulated using carrier-based CBSVM. Simulation and experimental implementation are carried out in MATLAB environment and AVR Microcontroller respectively. The simulated performances are studied in steady-state and transient conditions for varying load, speed, and torque. The results of the DTC-PMSM drive system using CBSVM show that the proposed method can effectively reduce the torque ripple and maintain a constant speed and also improved driving performance of drive for electric vehicle applications.

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Al Tahir, Ali Abdul Razzaq. "Semi-global output feedback nonlinear stabilization of variable speed grid connected direct drive wind turbine generator systems." International Journal of Dynamics and Control 6, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 233–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40435-016-0288-0.

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Adamidis, G., Z. Koutsogiannis, and P. Vagdatis. "Investigation of the Performance of a Variable-speed Drive Using Direct Torque Control with Space Vector Modulation." Electric Power Components and Systems 39, no. 12 (August 2, 2011): 1227–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2011.567214.

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Abdelwanis, Mohamed I., Essam M. Rashad, Ibrahim B. M. Taha, and Fathalla F. Selim. "Implementation and Control of Six-Phase Induction Motor Driven by a Three-Phase Supply." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 7798. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227798.

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This paper is interested in implementing and controlling a modified six-phase induction motor (MSPIM) when fed from a three-phase supply either via an inverter or with a direct grid connection loaded by a centrifugal pump. The main aims of using the MSPIM are to enhance motor reliability and reduce torque pulsation. A three-to-six phase transformer has been designed, implemented, and employed to enable the SPIM to be driven from a three-phase supply. It is preferable to use the three-to-six phase transformers integrated with three-phase inverter on using the six-phase inverter to generate lower values of harmonics and lower steady-state error of speed and reduce the starting current and because also it isolates the primary circuit from the secondary, and the cost will be lower compared to the design of a special six-phase inverter. Dynamic models of SPIM, three-to-six phase transformer, and three-phase variable speed drive are derived. Then, a scalar (V/F) closed-loop control of SPIM is employed, and the results are discussed. Fine-tuning of PID controllers is used to keep the motor speed tracking the reference value. A low pass filter is connected to reduce the ripple of voltage and current waveforms. An experimental setup has been built and implemented to check the possibility of controlling SPIM by a variable speed drive system fed from a three-to-six phase transformer. It is found that the proposed method can be effectively used to drive the SPIM from a three-phase supply.

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Li, Shengquan, Juan Li, Hanwen Wu, and Zhongwen Lin. "Speed sensorless model predictive control method for a direct-drive wind energy conversion system." Measurement and Control 52, no. 9-10 (October 10, 2019): 1394–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019866855.

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Considering the problems of the internal and external disturbances of wind speed in the direct-drive wind energy conversion system based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator, a novel model predictive control based on the extended state observer method without the accurate mathematical system model is proposed in this paper. First, a model predictive control method is employed as the feedback controller, while the mathematical model of the control system can be adjusted online via the rolling optimization strategy. Second, an extended state observer is introduced to estimate the state variables and lumped disturbances, that is, the internal disturbances including nonlinear characteristic, multi-variety coupling effect, uncertainties of system parameters, and external disturbances including variations of wind speeds and uncertainties of the natural environment. Third, the effect of lumped disturbances can be attenuated by the estimated disturbance value via a feedforward channel. In addition, in order to achieve the real-time speed control performance of the permanent magnet synchronous generator, a speed sensorless algorithm based on a flux observer is proposed to solve the problem of unsuitability of mechanical speed sensor. Finally, the simulation results with several wind speed types show that the proposed sensorless model predictive control with the extended state observer strategy is an effective way to improve the performance of anti-disturbance and ability of tracking maximum wind energy of the wind power control system.

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35

Yang, Zhan She. "Direct Torque Control System for Belt Conveyor Based on Improved Genetic Algorithms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 135-136 (October 2011): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.135-136.443.

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The belt conveyor is the main transport equipments in coal field, and its controllable drive system directly impacts on the running safety reliability and cost in coal production. Starting speed is unsmoothed in the traditional electrical drive system, which causes the belt off tracking or split and even safety accident. Therefore it is theory and practical significant to introduce a novel direct torque control (DTC) system of AC machine to the belt conveyor for solving the problem in coal mine. In allusion to the optimization of PID parameters in the speed regulators of the belt conveyor, the paper presents the improved genetic algorithm based on genetic algorithms and taboo search for the design of variable parameters of PID controller, and its ability of stronger climbing and faster finding the global optimum results are verified through the De Jong function. Compared with the traditional means, the rise time of the suggested system is faster, overshoot and regulating time is shorter, anti-disturbance is stronger, robust is better. So the optimization performance of control system is improved greatly.

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Wang, Huan, and Yi Min Xu. "The Application of Servo Motor Direct Drive Pump Control System in Pre-Bending Machine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 529 (June 2014): 544–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.529.544.

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Efficient and energy-saving are the development tendencies of the pre-bending machine. The new pre-bending machine is consisted of a constant pump driven by servo motor instead of common motor, variable pump and proportion valve. The advantage of this hydraulic system is energy-saving and it’s a closed-loop which controls the hydraulic system. In order to get different flow, it needs to adjust the servo motor speed by the control unit. This hydraulic system not only has a good performance, but also can significantly reduce energy consumption.

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Ruan, Zhi Hu, Niu Wang, and Bing Xin Ran. "Motion Model of Two-Wheel Differential Drive Mobile Robot under Variable Load." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 352–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.352.

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Based on kinematics characteristic of two-wheeled differential drive mobile robot (WMR) and response characteristic of fact motor drive system, this paper presents the analysis method of the equivalent rotation inertia, and the entire vehicle load is assigned to each wheel, and then the wheel load is converted into the corresponding equivalent rotation inertia of the motor shaft of each wheel, and motion model of WMR are obtained for combining with quasi-equivalent (QE) state space model of double-loop direct current motor systems under variable load and kinematics model of WMR under the load changes. By using speed response data of the actual system and combining with genetic algorithm to accurately identify the model parameters. Finally, through experiments results of the WMR motion model and the second order model respectively comparing with the actual system which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposing method and model.

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Zhang, Ka, Jianwei Yang, Changdong Liu, Jinhai Wang, and Dechen Yao. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Traction Drive System in High-Speed Train Based on Electromechanical Coupling Modeling under Variable Conditions." Energies 15, no. 3 (February 7, 2022): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031202.

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The traction drive system of a high-speed train has a vital role in the safe and efficient operation of the train. This paper established an electromechanical coupling model of a high-speed train. The model considers the interaction of the gear pair, the equivalent connecting device of the transmission system, the equivalent circuit of the traction motor, and the direct torque control strategy. Moreover, the numerical simulation of the high-speed train model includes constant speed, traction, and braking conditions. The results indicate that the meshing frequency and the high harmonics rotation frequency constitute the stator current. Furthermore, both frequencies are evident during constant speed. However, they are blurry among other conditions except for twice the rotation frequency. Meanwhile, the rotor and stator currents’ root-mean-square (RMS) values during traction are less than the RMS value during braking. The initiation of traction and braking causes a significant increase in current. During the traction and braking process, the RMS value of the current gradually decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the impact of the transition process on system reliability.

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Jeevajothi, R., and D. Devaraj. "A New Approach for Constant DC Link Voltage in a Direct Drive Variable Speed Wind Energy Conversion System." Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology 10, no. 2 (March 1, 2015): 529–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/jeet.2015.10.2.529.

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Cheng, Zhun, and Zhixiong Lu. "Research on Dynamic Load Characteristics of Advanced Variable Speed Drive System for Agricultural Machinery during Engagement." Agriculture 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12020161.

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A wet clutch is the key component to realize power uninterrupted in agricultural machinery operation. To reduce impact of the system and improve engagement quality, this paper studies and establishes the dynamic load characteristics model of a wet clutch and analyzes three kinds of tractor working conditions. This paper proposes and adopts the method of combining ‘PLS analysis-Improved SA—Comparison of various models-Actual test data’. The results show that with the limit of 100 Nm, the relationship between dynamic load characteristics and oil pressure is opposite. Load is highly inversely correlated with dynamic load, and it has enough precision to build a power curve model only by load (MAPE is 4.5929%). Take a certain type of tractor for example, oil pressure should be maintained at a low level, plowing resistance should be greater than 1600 N and the mass of transportation should avoid 600~1800 kg. This study provides a direct basis for the control, design and performance improvement of agricultural machinery.

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Sayeef, Saad, Gilbert Foo, and M. F. Rahman. "Rotor Position and Speed Estimation of a Variable Structure Direct-Torque-Controlled IPM Synchronous Motor Drive at Very Low Speeds Including Standstill." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 57, no. 11 (November 2010): 3715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tie.2010.2041730.

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Aljafari, Belqasem, L. Ashok Kumar, V. Indragandhi, and V. Subramaniyaswamy. "Analysis and Implementation of Sliding Mode Controller-Based Variable Frequency Drive Using the SCADA System." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (November 18, 2022): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7194119.

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Vector control of an asynchronous machine is traditionally accomplished by analogizing it to a separately excited DC machine. It provides decoupled torque and flux control that is perpendicular to each other, ensuring that neither vector interferes with the other. So, despite their close interconnection, torque and speed control are accomplished separately. The rotor flux is aligned with the direct axis of the synchronously rotating reference frame to achieve this. The PI controllers are critical in achieving the variable frequency drive (VFD) desired topology. The system employs three types of controllers: flux, speed, and torque. The flux controller is easy to tune, but the speed and torque controllers are more difficult to tune because the speed controller's output is the torque controller’s reference signal. Furthermore, there is no well-defined method for tuning the controllers in a vector control system. However, perfect tuning is required for the machine’s better dynamic behavior. It is clear from the above analysis that system identification is critical for tuning PI controllers. However, as an asynchronous machine, obtaining a decoupled system transfer function is extremely difficult. To solve this problem, the proposed system combines a seven-level pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter for vector control of a three-phase asynchronous nonstandard induction machine used in critical applications in nuclear power plants with a sliding mode control technique that eliminates the complexity of PI tuning. A second-order sliding mode controller could be used in the future to reduce the chattering and parameter variation effects. This controller can be enhanced with fuzzy logic principles to make it more robust and reliable, allowing it to be used in future drive designs for high-rating motors with critical applications.

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Ourici, Amel, Wafa Tourab, and Merabet Leila. "Direct control of active and reactive power of a doubly fed." Global Journal of Computer Sciences: Theory and Research 7, no. 1 (November 27, 2017): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjcs.v7i1.2695.

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This paper proposes a direct power control for doubly fed induction machine for variable speed wind power generation. It provides decoupled regulation of the primary side active and reactive power and is suitable for both electric energy generation and drive applications. In order to control the power flowing between the stator of the doubly fed induction generator and the network, a decoupled control of active and reactive power is synthesised using PI controllers. The obtained simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the suggested method. Keywords: Doubly fed induction machine, decoupled power control, vector control, active and reactive power, PWM inverter.

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Bermúdez, Mario, Federico Barrero, Cristina Martín, and Manuel Perales. "Performance Analysis of Direct Torque Controllers in Five-Phase Electrical Drives." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 16, 2021): 11964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411964.

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The industrial application of electric machines has grown in the last decades, thanks to the development of microprocessors and power converters, which have permitted their use as variable-speed drives. Although three-phase machines are the common trend, the interest of the research community has recently focused on machines with more than three phases, known as multiphase machines. The principal reason lies in the exploitation of their advantages in terms of reliability, i.e., post-fault operating capability. Additionally, multiphase machines provide a better current distribution among phases, and lower current harmonic production in the power converter, than conventional three-phase machines. However, multiphase drive applications require the development of complex controllers to regulate the torque (or speed) and flux of the machine. In this regard, direct torque controllers have appeared as a viable alternative due to their easy formulation and high flexibility to incorporate control objectives. However, these controllers face some peculiarities and limitations in their use that require attention. This work aims to tackle direct torque control as a viable alternative for the regulation of multiphase drives. Special attention will be paid to the development of the control technique and the expected benefits and limitations in the obtained results. Case examples based on symmetrical five-phase induction machines with distributed windings in the motoring mode of operation will be used to this end.

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Samb, Serigne Ousmane, Nicolas Bernard, Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris, and Huu Kien Bui. "Design Optimization of a Direct-Drive Electrically Excited Synchronous Generator for Tidal Wave Energy." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093174.

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In the field of marine renewable energies, the extraction of marine currents by the use of tidal current turbines has led to many studies. In contrast to offshore wind turbines, the mass minimization is not necessarily the most important criterion. In that case, Direct-Drive Electrically Excited Synchronous Generators (EESG) can be an interesting solution in a context where the permanent magnet market is more and more stressed. In the particular case of a tidal turbine, the electric generator operates at variable torque and speed all the time. Its sizing must therefore take into account the control strategy and check that all the constraints are respected during the working cycle, particularly the thermal one because its permanent regime is never reached. There is no solution today that can completely solve such a sizing problem. The paper presents a specific solution. In particular, we will see that the method presented allows an avoidance of an oversizing of the generator compared to conventional methods while finding the optimal control strategy. Thus, the design optimization of an EESG is conducted considering the variable torque and speed profiles related to marine currents. The analytical model used in the paper is presented at first. In a second step, the innovative and original method that allows solving at the same time the design optimization and the control strategy (dq stator currents and rotor current) are presented. It shows how it is possible to minimize both the lost energy during the working cycle and the mass while fulfilling all the constraints (especially the thermal constraint with its transient temperature response) and keeping a reduced computation time. The case of a 2 MW tidal wave turbine is chosen to illustrate this study. Finally, the optimal design selected is validated by a 2D magnetic Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

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46

Samb, Serigne Ousmane, Nicolas Bernard, Mohamed Fouad Benkhoris, and Huu Kien Bui. "Design Optimization of a Direct-Drive Electrically Excited Synchronous Generator for Tidal Wave Energy." Energies 15, no. 9 (April 26, 2022): 3174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093174.

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In the field of marine renewable energies, the extraction of marine currents by the use of tidal current turbines has led to many studies. In contrast to offshore wind turbines, the mass minimization is not necessarily the most important criterion. In that case, Direct-Drive Electrically Excited Synchronous Generators (EESG) can be an interesting solution in a context where the permanent magnet market is more and more stressed. In the particular case of a tidal turbine, the electric generator operates at variable torque and speed all the time. Its sizing must therefore take into account the control strategy and check that all the constraints are respected during the working cycle, particularly the thermal one because its permanent regime is never reached. There is no solution today that can completely solve such a sizing problem. The paper presents a specific solution. In particular, we will see that the method presented allows an avoidance of an oversizing of the generator compared to conventional methods while finding the optimal control strategy. Thus, the design optimization of an EESG is conducted considering the variable torque and speed profiles related to marine currents. The analytical model used in the paper is presented at first. In a second step, the innovative and original method that allows solving at the same time the design optimization and the control strategy (dq stator currents and rotor current) are presented. It shows how it is possible to minimize both the lost energy during the working cycle and the mass while fulfilling all the constraints (especially the thermal constraint with its transient temperature response) and keeping a reduced computation time. The case of a 2 MW tidal wave turbine is chosen to illustrate this study. Finally, the optimal design selected is validated by a 2D magnetic Finite Element Analysis (FEA).

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47

Joshi, Girisha, and Pinto Pius A J. "ANFIS controller for vector control of three phase induction motor." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v19.i3.pp1177-1185.

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For variable speed drive applications such as electric vehicles, 3 phase induction motor is used and is controlled by fuzzy logic controllers. For the steady functioning of the vehicle drive, it is essential to generate required torque and speed during starting, coasting, free running, braking and reverse operating regions. The drive performance under these transient conditions are studied and presented. In the present paper, vector control technique is implemented using three fuzzy logic controllers. Separate Fuzzy logic controllers are used to control the direct axis current, quadrature axis current and speed of the motor. In this paper performance of the indirect vector controller containing artificial neural network based fuzzy logic (ANFIS) based control system is studied and compared with regular fuzzy logic system, which is developed without using artificial neural network. Data required to model the artificial neural network based fuzzy inference system is obtained from the PI controlled induction motor system. Results obtained in MATLAB-SIMULINK simulation shows that the ANFIS controller is superior compared to controller which is implemented only using fuzzy logic, under all dynamic conditions.

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Uyulan, Caglar. "A robust-adaptive linearizing control method for sensorless high precision control of induction motor." Measurement and Control 52, no. 5-6 (April 15, 2019): 634–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020294019833072.

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Even if there exists remarkable applications of induction machines in variable speed drives and also in speed sensorless control in the low–high speed region, open/closed loop estimators in the literature utilized on induction machine sensorless position control vary regarding to their accuracies, sensitivity, and robustness with respect to the variation of model parameter. The deterioration of dynamic performance depends on the lack of estimation techniques which provide trustable information on the flux or speed/position over a wide speed range. An effective estimator should handle the high number of parameter and model uncertainties inherent to induction machines and also torque ripple, the compensation of which is crucial for a satisfactory decoupling and linearizing control to provide the accuracy and precision requirements of demanding motion control in the field of robotics/unmanned vehicle. In this study, to address all of the above-mentioned problems, robust-adaptive linearizing schemes for the sensorless position control of induction machines based on high-order sliding modes and robust differentiators to improve performance were designed. The control schemes based on direct vector control and direct torque control are capable of torque ripple attenuation taking both space and current harmonics into account. The simulation results comprise both the estimation and sensorless speed control of induction machines over a wide operation range, especially at low and zero speed, all of which are promising and indicate significant superiority over existing solutions in the literature for the high precision, direct-drive, speed/position sensorless control of squirrel-cage induction machines.

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Lu, Hua Cai, Juan Ti, Lu Lu Sun, and Li Sheng Wei. "A New Sliding Mode Observer for the Sensorless Control of a PMLSM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1401–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1401.

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In order to achieve sensorless control for permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) direct drive system, speed and position of the motor must be estimated. A new high speed sliding mode observer (SMO) is proposed for a PMLSM based on the sliding mode variable structure theory. A Sigmoid function is used for the SMO as a switching function of the control law, eliminating sliding mode chattering and improving its response rate. Simulation results show that the proposed SMO based on Sigmoid function is capable of estimating speed and position of the motor accurately and rapidly, and the proposed PMLSM sensorless control system has a good dynamic response.

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Errami, Youssef, Abdellatif Obbadi, Smail Sahnoun, Mohammed Ouassaid, and Mohamed Maaroufi. "Power Extraction Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbine Systems Based on Direct Drive Synchronous Generator in All Operating Regimes." Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3837959.

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Due to the increased penetration of wind energy into the electrical power systems in recent years, the turbine controls are actively occupied in the research. This paper presents a nonlinear backstepping strategy to control the generators and the grid sides of a Wind Farm System (WFS) based Direct Drive Synchronous Generator (DDSG). The control objectives such as Tracking the Maximum Power (TMP) from the WFS, pitch control, regulation of dc-link voltage, and reactive and active power generation at varying wind velocity are included. To validate the proposed control strategy, simulation results for 6-MW-DDSG based Wind Farm System are carried out by MATLAB-Simulink. Performance comparison and evaluation with Vector Oriented Control (VOC) are provided under a wide range of functioning conditions, three-phase voltage dips, and the probable occurrence of uncertainties. The proposed control strategy offers remarkable characteristics such as excellent dynamic and steady state performance under varying wind speed and robustness to parametric variations in the WFS and under severe faults of grid voltage.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct Drive Variable Speed'

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