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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Direct Effect and Indirect Effect'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Baker, Mike, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Role of epigenetic changes in direct and indirect radiation effects." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Faculty of Arts and Science, 2008, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/650.

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For over 100 years, cancer radiation therapy has provided patients with increased survival rates. Despite this success, radiation exposure poses a threat to the progeny of exposed parents. It causes transgenerational genome instability that is linked to transgenerational carcinogenesis. The exact mechanisms in which this instability occurs have yet to be discovered. Current evidence points to their epigenetic nature, specifically changes in DNA methylation. Using mouse and rat models, this thesis investigated the transgenerational effects of radiation in the offspring from parents who received

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2

Shay, Gemma. "The anti-tumour effect of bisphosphonates : a direct or indirect mechanism?" Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=186676.

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Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) are the standard treatment in cancerassociated bone disease due to their ability to inhibit osteoclast-mediated resorption. However, beyond their anti-resorpitive activity there is increasing evidence from preclinical studies to demonstrate that N-BPs can also have an anti-tumour effect, although the mechanism is still unclear. In vitro studies suggest that anti-tumour effects may be due to direct effects on tumour cells (by inhibiting protein prenylation) or via indirect effects on other cell types. The studies described in this thesis sought to ans

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3

Huang, Yan. "Assessments of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Anthropogenic Aerosols on Regional Precipitation over East Asia Using a Coupled Regional Climate-Chemistry-Aerosol Model." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/6870.

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An aerosol module is developed and coupled to a regional climate model to investigate the direct and indirect effect of anthropogenic aerosols (sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols) on climate with a focus on precipitation over East Asia. This fully coupled regional climate-chemistry-aerosol model is capable of understanding the interactions between the aerosol perturbation and climate change. The simulated aerosol spatial and seasonal distributions are generally consistent with the observations. The magnitude of the simulated total aerosol concentration and optical depth is about 2/3 of the obse

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4

Boustani, Shaun. "Does Testing-Potentiate New Learning Because of Semantic Processing and Apply to Educationally Relevant Materials?" Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/25098.

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Test-potentiated new learning (TPNL) is the finding that retrieving information from memory via a test or quiz can enhance subsequent learning. Recent research and a meta-analysis have highlighted that TPNL is a robust effect in which the new learning of many different types of materials is enhanced. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying this effect and how it applies to complex, educationally relevant information. A growing body of research has suggested that semantic processing of the new information may play a significant role. Two such accounts were evaluated in this the

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5

Wasserman, Ryan John. "Direct and indirect effects of zooplanktivorous predators on the estuarine plankton community." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012938.

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Although predation has been identified as a potentially important driver in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, estuarine planktonic research has focused largely on the so-called "bottom-up" drivers of community assemblages. As such, this thesis focuses on the direct and indirect effects of zooplanktivorous predators on the planktonic community in an estuarine environment. By using a suite of in situ mesocosm experiments, a number of hypotheses, pertaining to the major research themes associated with predator-prey interactions, are tested. These themes included trophic cascading, risk effec

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6

Brajkovic, Dragan. "Effect of direct and indirect hand heating on hand comfort and finger dexterity during cold exposure." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ45654.pdf.

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7

Kelly, Michael J. "Simplified Model for Rubber Friction to Study the Effect of Direct and Indirect DMA Test Results." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1627592247173898.

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8

Hough, Ashley Rose. "The indirect and direct effects of temperature and host plant resistance on population growth of soybean aphid (Aphis glycines) biotype 1." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/32584.

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Master of Science<br>Department of Entomology<br>James R. Nechols<br>Temperature has an important indirect impact on pest populations. Direct effects occur, but also may result from temperature-induced changes in plant quality, including the expression of host plant resistance traits. Therefore, I examined both indirect and direct effects of temperature on biotype 1 soybean aphids (SBA), Aphis glycines, on a Rag1-resistant soybean variety and compared the effects with a susceptible variety to gain a better understanding of how temperature impacts SBA. Four aphid responses were evaluated: preim

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9

Rutkūnas, Tauras. "Europos Sąjungos teisės tiesioginio veikimo doktrina ir jos plėtojimosi tendencijos Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktikoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20061212_134829-66548.

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This master’s final thesis is purposive to analyze the doctrine of direct effect of Community law, which is enlarged in the practice of the European Court of Justice. There are discussed the stages of the formation of the current doctrine identifying the concrete premises, which have been determined the enlargement of the principle of direct effect on the various sorts of forms of Community law. The main attention goes to the question of the direct effect of directives verifying the correctness of the position of the European Court of Justice not to recognize the horizontal direct effect of di

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10

Murray, Cameron Keith. "New insights into rebound effects : theory and empirical evidence." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/27655/1/Cameron_Murray_Thesis.pdf.

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The main objective of the thesis is to seek insights into the theory, and provide empirical evidence of rebound effects. Rebound effects reduce the environmental benefits of environmental policies and household behaviour changes. In particular, win-win demand side measures, in the form of energy efficiency and household consumption pattern changes, are seen as ways for households and businesses to save money and the environment. However, these savings have environmental impacts when spent, which are known as rebound effects. This is an area that has been widely neglected by policy makers.

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11

Murray, Cameron Keith. "New insights into rebound effects : theory and empirical evidence." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/27655/.

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The main objective of the thesis is to seek insights into the theory, and provide empirical evidence of rebound effects. Rebound effects reduce the environmental benefits of environmental policies and household behaviour changes. In particular, win-win demand side measures, in the form of energy efficiency and household consumption pattern changes, are seen as ways for households and businesses to save money and the environment. However, these savings have environmental impacts when spent, which are known as rebound effects. This is an area that has been widely neglected by policy makers.

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12

Frost, Carol Margaret. "Spillover and species interactions across habitat edges between managed and natural forests." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8989.

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We are currently faced with the global challenge of conserving biological diversity while also increasing food production to meet the demands of a growing human population. Land-use change, primarily resulting from conversion to production land, is currently the leading cause of biodiversity loss. This occurs through habitat loss, fragmentation of remaining natural habitats, and resulting edge effects. Land-sparing and land-sharing approaches have been discussed as alternative ways to engineer landscapes to mitigate biodiversity loss while meeting production objectives. However, these represen

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13

Abdullah, Topcu. "The Effect Of The Asynchronous Web Based Course On The Pre-service Teachers." Phd thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605986/index.pdf.

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This study aimed to explore the effects of instructional methods in the asynchronous web-based &ldquo<br>Science and Math Teaching Methods Course&rdquo<br>on pre-service teachers&rsquo<br>achievement, metacognition, and attitudes towards computer, WWW, and the web-based course. It was conducted with two groups, total of 63 third grade pre-service teachers, and one instructor (the researcher), in the Elementary Education Department at Bosphorus University in the academic year of 2003-2004. The Instructor used `Direct Instruction` method based on behaviorist approach for one group, and `Indirect

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14

Antonakakis, Nikolaos, and Gabriele Tondl. "Does Integration and Economic Policy Coordination Promote Business Cycle Synchronization in the EU?" Springer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10663-014-9254-2.

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Previous studies have discounted important factors and indirect channels that might contribute to business cycle synchronization (BSC) in the EU. We estimate the effects of market integration and economic policy coordination on bilateral business cycle correlations over the period 1995-2012 using a simultaneous equations model that takes into accounts both the endogenous relationships and unveils direct and indirect effects. The results suggest that (i) trade and FDI have a pronounced positive effect on BCS, particularly between incumbent and new EU members. (ii) Rising specialization does not

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15

Zhang, Wei. "Development of Photochemically Initiated Direct and Indirect Luminescence Detection Methods for Liquid Chromatography (LC) and Study of Aromatic Sulfonates and Phospholipids Using Reversed Phase Ion-Pair LC-Mass Spectrometry." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1068739487.

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16

Conradie, Pieter Wynand. "The use and effectiveness of information system development methodologies in health information systems / Pieter Wynand Conradie." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4277.

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Abstract The main focus of this study is the identification of factors influencing the use and effectiveness of information system development methodologies (Le., systems development methodologies) in health information systems. In essence, it can be viewed as exploratory research, utilizing a conceptual research model to investigate the relationships among the hypothesised factors. More specifically, classified as behavioural science, it combines two theoretical models, namely the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology and the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory. The main aim of beh

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17

Endriss, Cornelia, and Stefan Hinterwimmer. "Direct and indirect aboutness topics." Universität Potsdam, 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2008/1964/.

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We propose a definition of aboutness topicality that not only encompasses individual denoting DPs, but also indefinites. We concentrate on the interpretative effects of marking indefinites as topics: they either receive widest scope in their clause, or they are interpreted in the restrictor of an overt or covert Q-adverb. We show that in the first case they are direct aboutness topics insofar as they are the subject of a predication expressed by the comment, while in the second case they are indirect aboutness topics: they define the subject of a higher-order predication – namely the set of si

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18

De, Giorgi Giacomo. "Direct and indirect effects of public policies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445407/.

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This dissertation analyzes two important recent public policies and sheds light on the direct and indirect impacts of both and more in general on the need of sound evaluations to carefully consider possible spillovers as a fundamental component of programs. In the first two essays I focus on the "New Deal for Young People (NDYP) in the UK", a multiple treatments policy launched in 1998. Such analysis is conducted on two main margins: i. employment and ii. job quality as wage returns. I discuss possible indirect effects as substitution of workers and general equilibrium effects on wages. The ma

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19

Ayari, Zied. "L'obligation démocratique en droit international." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3083.

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La démocratie est généralement abordée par la doctrine en droit international comme une valeur politique ayant des influences plus ou moins importantes sur le droit international depuis la fin de la Guerre Froide. Cette étude traite la démocratie comme étant l’expression d’une obligation internationale adressée aux États pour mettre en place un système politique basé sur des élections libres et honnêtes, le respect des droits politiques et l’instauration d’un État de droit. Ce trépied forme les éléments constitutifs de l’obligation démocratique et lui donne une structure composite. L’approche

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20

Linksvayer, Timothy A. "Social evolution in ants direct and indirect genetic effects /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1027484261&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=12010&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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21

Chandukala, Sandeep R. "Investigating Direct and Indirect Effects of Variables in Marketing." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1210909898.

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22

Kovalenko, Katya. "Indirect effects of invasive species community effects of invasive aquatic plant control and direct and indirect effects of non-native peacock bass /." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2009. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-06252009-203011.

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23

Chandukala, Sandeep Rao. "Investigation of direct and indirect effects of variables in marketing." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1210909898.

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24

Quaas, Johannes. "The aerosol indirect effect." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-189795.

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Global climate change is considered to be one of the most serious concerns of humankind (United Nations, 1992; United Nations, 2002). Anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols impact considerably the energy balance of the Earth system, possibly provoking adverse effects on social, ecological, and economical equilibria. This is one of the main reasons why the understanding of the Earth’s climate system is of major importance. If better predictions of the response of the climate system to anthropogenic perturbations were available, political decisions against negative impacts could be taken, a

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25

Mills, Nathan E. "Direct and indirect effects of an insecticide on Rana sphenocephala tadpoles /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3052201.

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26

Andrade, Mateus Ramos. "Container-dwelling mosquitoes: habitat size, direct and indirect effects of predation." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2015. http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/8521.

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Submitted by Marco Antônio de Ramos Chagas (mchagas@ufv.br) on 2016-09-08T10:36:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1350720 bytes, checksum: 3f95be392aac0daae1c574cb484ef11f (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T10:36:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1350720 bytes, checksum: 3f95be392aac0daae1c574cb484ef11f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-10<br>Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico<br>A predação é uma importante força seletiva que atua na evolução dos organismos. Predadores podem influenciar diretamente a dinâmica populacio

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27

Mayet, Frédéric. "Détection directe et indirecte de matière sombre supersymétrique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10110.

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De nombreux arguments astrophysiques sont en faveur de l'existence de matière sombre non-baryonique dans l'Univers. Le neutralino, postulé par les extensions supersymétriques du modèle standard de la physique des particules, constitue l'un des candidats privilégiés à cette masse manquante. La détection de neutralinos peut être directe, par interaction dans le détecteur, ou indirecte, via la recherche des produits d'annihilation. Dans le cadre de la détection indirecte, le travail a été effectué au sein de la collaboration AMS dont la première phase a eu lieu en juin 1998 à bord de la navette D

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28

Trinh, Quoc dat. "La structure du capital dans les marchés émergents d Asie : d'une étude sur le Vietnam à une étude élargie à douze pays." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL20023.

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La thèse étudie les comportements en matière de structure de capital dans les pays en voie de développement d'Asie. Elle débute avec le cas du Vietnam qui prouve que l'objectif à long terme de ratio d'endettement existe dans le marché Vietnamien tandis que la Pecking Order Theory ne semble pas lui être applicable. Au Vietnam, tant les entreprises privées que publiques s'ajustent rapidement aux niveauxoptimaux d'endettement. La thèse élargit ensuite l'étude en prenant en compte les effets de la concentration bancaire et ceux de la liberté économique dans douze pays émergents d'Asie. Elle décrit

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29

Grove, Clayton. "Direct and indirect effects of flood basalt volcanism on reservoir quality sandstone." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/10665/.

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This thesis describes the direct diagenetic effects on porous clean sand substrate due to the emplacement of basalt lava flows. The thesis also describes the effects of the emplacement of basaltic dykes and sills into clean porous sandstone. The primary dataset comes from the Cretaceous Etendeka Group, NW Namibia, where the Etendeka Flood Basalts (and associated subsurface plumbing system) interacted with the aeolian Twyfelfontein Formation sandstone. Secondary datasets from the recent Rekjanes Peninsular basalts, Iceland; the Miocene Columbia River Flood Basalt province and the Miocene Snake

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30

Curtsdotter, Alva. "Extinctions in Ecological Communities : direct and indirect effects of perturbation on biodiversity." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Teoretisk Biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-108906.

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In the dawning of what may become Earth’s 6th mass extinction the topic of this thesis, understanding extinction processes and what determines the magnitude of species loss, has become only too relevant. The number of known extinctions (~850) during the last centuries translates to extinction rates elevated above the background rate, matching those of previous mass extinction events. The main drivers of these extinctions have been human land use, introduction of exotic species and overexploitation. Under continued anthropogenic pressure and climate change, the current extinction rates are pred

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31

Johnson, Christopher A. "Direct and indirect effects of the invasive Orconectes rusticus on native O. sanbornii in Ohio streams." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1471626347.

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32

Young, James Scott. "Indirect measurement of the electrocaloric effect." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/242179.

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In August 2011 at the International Symposium on Integrated Functionalities in Cambridge, a whole session was devoted to the electrocaloric effect, which is undergoing a modest renaissance. Surprisingly, the various reports showed that the indirect method of measuring cooling (described in the following sections) did not usually agree with the direct method (actually measuring temperature change with a thermometer). However, there was no obvious systematic error: sometimes the indirect temperature change was larger and sometimes smaller. The discrepancies were beyond the experimental errors. T

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33

Fork, Megan. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Organic Matter Sources on Denitrificaton in Florida Rivers." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/701.

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Denitrification removes large amounts of reactive nitrogen (N) from ecosystems via reduction of nitrate to dinitrogen gas. In aquatic ecosystems, the influences of terrestrial and aquatic sources of organic matter (OM) on denitrification are potentially complex. Terrestrially-derived OM is often less labile than autochthonous OM; it may inhibit denitrification directly via biochemical mechanisms; and it may indirectly inhibit denitrification by reducing light availability to—and thus OM exudation by—aquatic primary producers. Using a natural dissolved OM gradient among rivers of northern Flori

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34

Staley, Zachery. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Agrochemicals on Bacterial Pathogens and Fecal Indicator Bacteria." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4584.

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The presence of agrochemical residues in both urban and agricultural water bodies has become ubiquitous, often producing deleterious effects in the impacted watershed including reductions in biodiversity, alterations in species interactions, and toxicity to non-target organisms. While these effects have been studied on metazoan consumers, the consequences of agrochemical contamination on microorganisms, such as bacteria, protozoa, and viruses, are poorly understood. Agrochemicals could act directly on microorganisms, including pathogens, by either facilitating their survival or decreasing th

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Shahrbanian, Shahnaz. "Direct and indirect effects of pain on participation in individuals with Multiple Sclerosis." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=123022.

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease among young adults in North America, affecting mainly women. MS has received great attention recent years due to its increased prevalence in the world and its impact on every domain of life. Pain is a frequent symptom in persons with MS and considered to be one of the major contributors to sick leave or premature work cessation and other restrictions in societal and family roles. However, the relative importance of pain to participation and social functioning, key domains affecting quality of life in MS, is under studied

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Wang, Rong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Direct and indirect effects of alpha-particle irradiations of human prostate tumor cells." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34439.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 2005.<br>"September 2005."<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The objective of this project is to establish a model system to study the direct effect, the bystander effect and the combinational effect of alpha-particle irradiations of human prostate tumor cells, toward the goal of improving the effectiveness of alpha-particle involved radiation therapies such as radioimmunotherapy and BNCT. This project consists of an engineering part and a biological part. In the engineering part, an apparatus for al

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Al, Alawi Ebtesam. "Team turnover : direct and indirect effects on team performance and effectiveness over time." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14733.

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Employee turnover is a major topic of research in organisational behaviour and human resource management. Particularly for health care organisations, employee turnover is a major concern because it produces shortages and unstable staffing, which consequently leads to increases in work demands, which can threaten well-being, job satisfaction and behavioural commitment of individual nurses and consequently the quality of care. High turnover at the collective team level has been considered to be more complex and significant than individual level turnover because of its negative impact on organisa

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Kleinhesselink, Andrew R. "Direct and Indirect Effects of Climate Change on Plant Populations and Communities in Sagebrush Steppe." DigitalCommons@USU, 2017. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5417.

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Forecasting the effects of climate change on plant and animal populations is a high priority in ecology. We studied the effects of climate on plant populations through the use of observational and experimental data, as well as analytical models. Our research questions were: (1) Do the effects of interannual climate variation on the population growth rates of widespread species show a coherent pattern across gradients of mean annual climate? (2) How well can population models fit to observational data predict the response of populations to field experiments that manipulate climate? And (3) does

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Mudan, Satvinder Singh. "The direct and indirect effects of essential fatty acids on human solid tumour cells." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267609.

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Adams, Candace Renee. "Direct and indirect effects of school learning variables on black 10th graders' academic achievement." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40207.

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The purpose of this study was to estimate the direct and indirect effects of certain school learning variables on the academic achievement of Black 10th graders. Simultaneously looking at variables associated with student background characteristics (i.e., gender and socioeconomic status); the school (i.e., students' perceptions of the school environment, teachers, and teaching); family (i.e., parental expectations and involvement>; and students (i.e., educational aspirations and motivation) a model of academic achievement was constructed. Responses to questions from a large, nationally repres

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Rabideau, Erin M. "An Examination of the Direct and Indirect Effects of Feedback Type on Cortisol levels." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1426858576.

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Sipniewski, Susan. "The Direct and Indirect Effects of Mathematics Self-Efficacy on Intermediate Students’ Mathematics Growth." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1594738072580416.

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Macaluso, Amy L. "DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS OF ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC MATTER ON FRESHWATER FLAGELLATES." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/101579.

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Biology<br>Ph.D.<br>The purpose of this study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on freshwater protists. Laboratory experiments were conducted in order to determine the importance of photoenzymatic repair (PER) of UVBinduced DNA damage in the heterotrophic nanoflagellate Paraphysomonas sp. Investigations into the combined effects of UV-B and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were conducted in laboratory experiments in which protist cultures were exposed to UV-B radiation in the presence and absence of water amended to a higher CDOM conce

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White, Jill. "Accounting for age effects on direct and indirect memory : single versus multi-factor theories /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2002. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16506.pdf.

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Hamrén, Linnéa, and Mirjam Lundin. "Effekter av korruption på ekonomisk tillväxt : En empirisk studie av OECD-länder 1996-2014." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136006.

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Denna uppsats undersöker effekterna av korruption på BNP-tillväxt per capita. Förutomkorruptionens direkta effekt analyseras korruptionens indirekta effekter via överföringskanaler. Deöverföringskanaler som testas är utbildningsnivå, privata investeringar, offentlig konsumtion ochhandel. Direkt och indirekt effekt summeras sedermera och utgör korruptionens totala effekt påBNP-tillväxt per capita. Dessa effekter undersöks med ekonometriska metoder där en multipel linjärregression genomförs med minstakvadratmetoden. Analysen baseras på data för de 35 OECDländernaöver tidsperioden 1996-2014. Resu

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Kordas, Rebecca Lee. "Community ecology in a warmer world : direct and indirect effects of temperature on community dynamics." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50392.

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As the Earth’s climate changes so too do its ecosystems, due to shifts in abundance, biodiversity and interaction strengths among their constituent species. Although warming will simultaneously affect many aspects of ecological communities, disentangling the abiotic and biotic contributions will improve our understanding of how assemblages of interacting species will respond to climate change. My goal was to determine how warming affects community assemblages via direct (mediated by organismal physiology) vs. indirect effects (mediated by species interactions). I addressed this with 12-16 mont

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Bennis, Taleb Houria. "Aluminium toxicity on maize (Zea mays) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus): direct and/or indirect effects." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212352.

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Landry, François. "Direct and indirect effects of interference competition in size-structured rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, populations." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24677.pdf.

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Schramm, David Glade Adler-Baeder Francesca M. "Economic hardship, stressors, and marital quality among stepcouples an examination of direct and indirect effects /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/EtdRoot/2007/FALL/Human_Development_and_Family_Studies/Dissertation/SCHRAMM_DAVID_15.pdf.

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Warner, Sarah E. "Effects of direct and indirect habitat alterations on tidal marsh sparrows in the Delaware Bay." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 99 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1891433881&sid=2&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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