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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct-extrusion 3D-Printing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Romanczuk-Ruszuk, Eliza, Bogna Sztorch, Daria Pakuła, Ewa Gabriel, Krzysztof Nowak, and Robert E. Przekop. "3D Printing Ceramics—Materials for Direct Extrusion Process." Ceramics 6, no. 1 (2023): 364–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ceramics6010022.

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Additive manufacturing and 3D printing methods based on the extrusion of material have become very popular in recent years. There are many methods of printing ceramics, but the direct extrusion method gives the largest range of sizes of printed objects and enables scaling of processes also in large-scale applications. Additionally, the application of this method to ceramic materials is of particular importance due to its low cost, ease of use, and high material utilization. The paper presents the most important literature reports on ceramics printed by direct extrusion. The review includes art

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Vatani, Morteza, and Jae-Won Choi. "Direct-print photopolymerization for 3D printing." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 2 (2017): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-11-2015-0172.

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Purpose This work aims to present a guideline for ink development used in extrusion-based direct-write (DW) (also referred to as direct-print [DP]) technique and combine the extrusion with instant photopolymerization to present a solvent-free DP photopolymerization (DPP) method to fill the gap between 3D printing and printing multi-functional 3D structures. Design/methodology/approach A DP process called DPP was developed by integration of a screw-driven micro-dispenser into XYZ translation stages. The process was equipped with direct photopolymerization to facilitate the creation of 3D struct

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3

Lee, Su-Yeon, Chang-Soo Kim, Jean-Ho Park, et al. "Study on the Direct Melting Extrusion Metal 3D Printing Using Induction Heating." Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers 29, no. 1 (2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.7735/ksmte.2020.29.1.66.

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Azad, Mohammad A., Deborah Olawuni, Georgia Kimbell, Abu Zayed Md Badruddoza, Md Shahadat Hossain, and Tasnim Sultana. "Polymers for Extrusion-Based 3D Printing of Pharmaceuticals: A Holistic Materials–Process Perspective." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 2 (2020): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12020124.

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Three dimensional (3D) printing as an advanced manufacturing technology is progressing to be established in the pharmaceutical industry to overcome the traditional manufacturing regime of 'one size fits for all'. Using 3D printing, it is possible to design and develop complex dosage forms that can be suitable for tuning drug release. Polymers are the key materials that are necessary for 3D printing. Among all 3D printing processes, extrusion-based (both fused deposition modeling (FDM) and pressure-assisted microsyringe (PAM)) 3D printing is well researched for pharmaceutical manufacturing. It

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Luis, Eric, Houwen Matthew Pan, Swee Leong Sing, Ram Bajpai, Juha Song, and Wai Yee Yeong. "3D Direct Printing of Silicone Meniscus Implant Using a Novel Heat-Cured Extrusion-Based Printer." Polymers 12, no. 5 (2020): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12051031.

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The first successful direct 3D printing, or additive manufacturing (AM), of heat-cured silicone meniscal implants, using biocompatible and bio-implantable silicone resins is reported. Silicone implants have conventionally been manufactured by indirect silicone casting and molding methods which are expensive and time-consuming. A novel custom-made heat-curing extrusion-based silicone 3D printer which is capable of directly 3D printing medical silicone implants is introduced. The rheological study of silicone resins and the optimization of critical process parameters are described in detail. The

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Petsiuk, Aliaksei, Bharath Lavu, Rachel Dick, and Joshua M. Pearce. "Waste Plastic Direct Extrusion Hangprinter." Inventions 7, no. 3 (2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions7030070.

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As the additive manufacturing industry grows, it is compounding the global plastic waste problem. Distributed recycling and additive manufacturing (DRAM) offers an economic solution to this challenge, but it has been relegated to either small-volume 3D printers (limiting waste recycling throughput) or expensive industrial machines (limiting accessibility and lateral scaling). To overcome these challenges, this paper provides proof-of-concept for a novel, open-source hybrid 3D printer that combines a low-cost hanging printer design with a compression-screw-based end-effector that allows for the

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Revilla-Leon, Marta, Marina Olea-Vielba, Ana Esteso-Díaz, Iñaki Martinez-Klemm, Jose Manuel Reuss Rodriguez-Vilaboa, and Mutlu Özcan. "New fabrication method using additive manufacturing technologies for the pattern of pressed lithium disilicate onlay restorations." Brazilian Dental Science 20, no. 4 (2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2017.v20i4.1364.

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<p>There are 7 categories for the additive manufacturing (AM) technologies and a wide variety of materials that can be used to build a computer aided designed (CAD) 3-Dimensional (3D) object. The present article reviews the main AM processes for polymers for dental applications: stereolithography (SLA), direct light processing (DLP), material jetting (MJ) and material extrusion (ME). The manufacturing process, accuracy and precision of these methods will be reviewed, as well as, their prosthodontic applications.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong&gt

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Jain, Tanmay, William Clay, Yen-Ming Tseng, et al. "Role of pendant side-chain length in determining polymer 3D printability." Polymer Chemistry 10, no. 40 (2019): 5543–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9py00879a.

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9

Cersoli, Trenton, Alexis Cresanto, Callan Herberger, Eric MacDonald, and Pedro Cortes. "3D Printed Shape Memory Polymers Produced via Direct Pellet Extrusion." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010087.

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Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are materials capable of changing their structural configuration from a fixed shape to a temporary shape, and vice versa when subjected to a thermal stimulus. The present work has investigated the 3D printing process of a shape memory polymer (SMP)-based polyurethane using a material extrusion technology. Here, SMP pellets were fed into a printing unit, and actuating coupons were manufactured. In contrast to the conventional film-casting manufacturing processes of SMPs, the use of 3D printing allows the production of complex parts for smart electronics and morphing

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Kuźmińska, Magdalena, Beatriz C. Pereira, Rober Habashy, et al. "Solvent-free temperature-facilitated direct extrusion 3D printing for pharmaceuticals." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 598 (April 2021): 120305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120305.

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11

Van Damme, Lana, Emilie Briant, Phillip Blondeel, and Sandra Van Vlierberghe. "Indirect versus direct 3D printing of hydrogel scaffolds for adipose tissue regeneration." MRS Advances 5, no. 17 (2020): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.117.

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ABSTRACTThere exists a need for an innovative reconstructive approach for breast reconstruction, tackling current drawbacks and limitations present in the clinic. In this respect, adipose tissue engineering could offer a promising alternative. We have previously shown that methacrylamide-functionalized gelatin scaffolds are suitable to support the adhesion of adipose tissue-derived stem cells as well as their subsequent differentiation into the adipogenic lineage. The current paper aims to compare different techniques to produce such scaffolds including direct versus indirect 3D printing. Extr

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Buj-Corral, Irene, Aitor Tejo-Otero, Felip Fenollosa-Artés, Roger Uceda-Molera, Jihad Elmesbahi, and Abdelilah Elmesbahi. "Material Extrusion of 3D Printed Ceramics Parts: Parameters, Structures and Challenges." Key Engineering Materials 958 (October 5, 2023): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-dy3p2o.

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AM technologies have been developed for different applications in sectors such as aeronautics, automotive, or healthcare. Additionally, the range of materials that can be 3D printed has increased considerably since these technologies began to be used in the 80s of the XXth century. Nowadays, it is possible to use both polymers and composite materials (ceramic-filled, metal-filled, etc.) in extrusion technologies, both with fused filament fabrication (FFF) and with direct ink writing (DIW). Unfortunately, even though 3D printing technologies offer much more freedom than conventional manufacturi

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Kabantsev, Oleg. "Adaptation of Concrete Model to 3D Printing Technology." Buildings 14, no. 12 (2024): 3806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123806.

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This study presents the results of adapting an existing mathematical model of concrete, originally based on the isotropic properties of traditional cast concrete, to the conditions of 3D printing technology using layer-by-layer horizontal extrusion. The adaptation of the mathematical model is grounded in experimental investigations of the deformation and failure processes of 3DCP concrete samples under various loading schemes. These experiments take into account the structure of the concrete and compare the results with the loading behavior of samples produced using traditional concreting meth

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Alonso Madrid, Javier, Guillermo Sotorrío Ortega, Javier Gorostiza Carabaño, Nils O. E. Olsson, and José Antonio Tenorio Ríos. "3D Claying: 3D Printing and Recycling Clay." Crystals 13, no. 3 (2023): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030375.

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Clay is of great interest as a 3D printing material thanks to its ease of use, recyclability and reusability. This paper analyses the technical aspects of the whole printing process. The behaviour of 3D printing clay is studied with respect to the environment and its specific application as a temporary or definitive formwork system for cement parts. The study addresses the performance of clay and the loss of its properties and characteristics according to the type of protection, whether it is in direct contact with air or cement, or protected with plastics, metal sheets, or combinations of bot

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Crisostomo, Jan Lloyd Buenaventura, and John Ryan Cortez Dizon. "3D Printing Applications in Agriculture, Food Processing, and Environmental Protection and Monitoring." Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology 3, no. 2 (2021): 0210201. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/asset.v3i2.9627.

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This paper presents a mini review of the applications of 3D printing, formally known as additive manufacturing, in the fields of agriculture, food processing, and the environment protection and monitoring. The paper discusses materials used in 3D printing, the different printing technologies employed in the process, as well as its prospects. PLA and ABS thermoplastics find the most application in the field of agriculture as they are affordable filaments available in the market and they are relatively easy to print. The direct extrusion of food helps people with swallowing difficulties increase

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Mi, Dashan, Jie Zhang, Xianqing Zhou, Xinhe Zhang, Shikui Jia, and Haiqing Bai. "Direct 3D Printing of Recycled PET/PP Granules by Shear Screw Extrusion." Polymers 15, no. 24 (2023): 4620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15244620.

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This article introduces a one-step extrusion-based fused deposition modeling (FDM) approach for the challenging separation of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) during recycling. A shear screw printer (SSP) with shear elements was designed, and it was compared to a conventional single-screw printer (CSP) to investigate the differences in print stability, degradation levels, tensile performance, molecular orientation, and crystallization when preparing recycled PP and recycled PET blends. Although the retention effect of the SSP screw slightly increases the degradation of t

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Przekop, Robert E., Ewa Gabriel, Daria Pakuła, and Bogna Sztorch. "Liquid for Fused Deposition Modeling Technique (L-FDM)—A Revolution in Application Chemicals to 3D Printing Technology: Color and Elements." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (2023): 7393. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137393.

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This article presents a novel 3D printing technique called L-FDM (liquid for fused deposition modeling), which is based on the deposition of molten thermoplastic material. The new method allows for the direct introduction of chemicals and polymer filament modifications during the printing process. In contrast to traditional incremental methods, L-FDM eliminates the need for extra granulating, extrusion, and processing equipment, making it possible to introduce chemical additives to the polymer matrix directly. This opens up exciting possibilities for chemical laboratories to test and experimen

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18

Huang, Bin, Zengjie Zhao, Yayu Zheng, et al. "2D/3D-printed PEDOT/PSS conductive hydrogel for biomedical sensors." International Journal of Bioprinting 10, no. 1 (2024): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.36922/ijb.1725.

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The integration of conductive hydrogels and advanced three-dimensional (3D) printing is a trigger of the development of biomedical sensors for healthcare diagnostics and personalized treatment. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styr ene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a versatile conductive hydrogel materials renowned for its exceptional conductivity and hydrophilicity, and 3D printing technology allows for precise and customized fabrication of electronic components and devices. In this review, we aim to explore the potential of 3D-printed PEDOT/PSS conductive hydrogel in the fabrication of biom

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Ahammed, Syed Riyaz, and Ayyappan Susila Praveen. "Optimization parameters effects on electrical conductivity of 3D printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method using functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and polyvinyl alcohol conductive ink." International Journal for Simulation and Multidisciplinary Design Optimization 12 (2021): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/smdo/2021007.

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Fabrication of electronic circuits and the effects of optimization parameters on electrical conductivity of the printed circuits fabricated by direct ink writing method (D.I.W); one of the novel methods in 3D printing technologies is discussed in this work. This paper focuses on fabrication of electronic circuits using F-MWCNT/PVA conductive ink and analyses the effect of input printing process parameters namely nozzle diameter, extrusion pressure, printing speed on evaluating the electrical conductivity. Box–Behnken approach is followed to generate the levels of experiments and the performanc

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20

Zhou, Longfei, Jenna Miller, Jeremiah Vezza, et al. "Additive Manufacturing: A Comprehensive Review." Sensors 24, no. 9 (2024): 2668. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24092668.

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Additive manufacturing has revolutionized manufacturing across a spectrum of industries by enabling the production of complex geometries with unparalleled customization and reduced waste. Beginning as a rapid prototyping tool, additive manufacturing has matured into a comprehensive manufacturing solution, embracing a wide range of materials, such as polymers, metals, ceramics, and composites. This paper delves into the workflow of additive manufacturing, encompassing design, modeling, slicing, printing, and post-processing. Various additive manufacturing technologies are explored, including ma

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Reddy Dumpa, Nagi, Suresh Bandari, and Michael A. Repka. "Novel Gastroretentive Floating Pulsatile Drug Delivery System Produced via Hot-Melt Extrusion and Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 1 (2020): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12010052.

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This study was performed to develop novel core-shell gastroretentive floating pulsatile drug delivery systems using a hot-melt extrusion-paired fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing and direct compression method. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) and ethyl cellulose (EC)-based filaments were fabricated using hot-melt extrusion technology and were utilized as feedstock material for printing shells in FDM 3D printing. The directly compressed theophylline tablet was used as the core. The tablet shell to form pulsatile floating dosage forms with different geometries (shell thickness: 0.8, 1.2, 1

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Li, Keda, Jinghong Ding, Yuxiong Guo, et al. "Direct Ink Writing of Phenylethynyl End-Capped Oligoimide/SiO2 to Additively Manufacture High-Performance Thermosetting Polyimide Composites." Polymers 14, no. 13 (2022): 2669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14132669.

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The three-dimensional (3D) printing of a SiO2-filled thermosetting polyimide (SiO2@TSPI) composite with outstanding performance is realized via the direct ink writing (DIW) of polyamide acid (PAA) composite ink and thermal treatment conducted thereafter. The composite ink consists of phenylethynyl-terminated PAA and silica nanoparticles, where the SiO2 nanoparticles serve as the rheology modifier that is necessary for the DIW technique to obtain self-supporting feedstock during 3D printing and the reinforcement filler that is used to enhance the performance of the final composite. As a result,

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Park, Jung Bin, Seok Hwan An, Jae Woong Jung, and Jea Uk Lee. "Three-Dimensional Printing of Recycled Polypropylene and Activated Carbon Coatings for Harmful Gas Adsorption and Antibacterial Properties." Polymers 15, no. 5 (2023): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15051173.

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In recent years, the utilization of three-dimensional (3D) printing has been expanding due to advances in technology and economic efficiency. One of the 3D printing technologies is fused deposition modeling, which can be used to create different kinds of products or prototypes from various polymer filaments. In this study, the activated carbon (AC) coating was introduced to the 3D outputs printed using recycled polymer materials to impart multi-functions such as adsorption of harmful gas and antimicrobial activities. A filament of uniform diameter (1.75 μm) and a filter template in the form of

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Aguilar-de-Leyva, Ángela, Marta Casas, Carmen Ferrero, Vicente Linares, and Isidoro Caraballo. "3D Printing Direct Powder Extrusion in the Production of Drug Delivery Systems: State of the Art and Future Perspectives." Pharmaceutics 16, no. 4 (2024): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics16040437.

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The production of tailored, on-demand drug delivery systems has gained attention in pharmaceutical development over the last few years, thanks to the application of 3D printing technology in the pharmaceutical field. Recently, direct powder extrusion (DPE) has emerged among the extrusion-based additive manufacturing techniques. It is a one-step procedure that allows the direct processing of powdered formulations. The aim of this systematic literature review is to analyze the production of drug delivery systems using DPE. A total of 27 articles have been identified through scientific databases

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Cho, Hui-Won, Seung-Hoon Baek, Beom-Jin Lee, and Hyo-Eon Jin. "Orodispersible Polymer Films with the Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, Olanzapine: Hot-Melt Pneumatic Extrusion for Single-Process 3D Printing." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 8 (2020): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12080692.

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Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) improve the oral delivery of poorly water-soluble drugs. ASDs of olanzapine (OLZ), which have a high melting point and low solubility, are performed using a complicated process. Three-dimensional (3D) printing based on hot-melt pneumatic extrusion (HMPE) is a simplified method for producing ASDs. Unlike general 3D printing, printlet extrusion is possible without the preparation of drug-loaded filaments. By heating powder blends, direct fused deposition modeling (FDM) printing through a nozzle is possible, and this step produces ASDs of drugs. In this study, w

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Kam, Doron, Michael Chasnitsky, Chen Nowogrodski, et al. "Direct Cryo Writing of Aerogels Via 3D Printing of Aligned Cellulose Nanocrystals Inspired by the Plant Cell Wall." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 2 (2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids3020046.

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Aerogel objects inspired by plant cell wall components and structures were fabricated using extrusion-based 3D printing at cryogenic temperatures. The printing process combines 3D printing with the alignment of rod-shaped nanoparticles through the freeze-casting of aqueous inks. We have named this method direct cryo writing (DCW) as it encompasses in a single processing step traditional directional freeze casting and the spatial fidelity of 3D printing. DCW is demonstrated with inks that are composed of an aqueous mixture of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and xyloglucan (XG), which are the majo

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Hanifa, Mohamad Fouad, Harish Daruari, Bruno Figueiredo, and Paulo Mendonça. "Embodied carbon of structural earthen composites with natural materials and byproducts suitable for robotic 3d printing." E3S Web of Conferences 546 (2024): 03008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202454603008.

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The objective of this research is focused on 3D printing techniques using natural materials in the construction sector. Digital fabrication has captured widespread attention for its remarkable ability to craft parametric and complex geometry with relative ease. Beyond its technical prowess, this process holds great potential in addressing two pressing issues: waste management and carbon emissions, to reduce costs and environmental impacts. This study assesses the eco-efficiency of 3D printing with earthen composites compared to conventional construction materials in large-scale Robotic fabrica

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Pavlovskii, Alexander A., Konstantin Pushnitsa, Alexandra Kosenko, Pavel Novikov, and Anatoliy A. Popovich. "3D-Printed Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes: A Brief Review of Three Key Fabrication Techniques." Materials 17, no. 23 (2024): 5904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235904.

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In recent years, 3D printing has emerged as a promising technology in energy storage, particularly for the fabrication of Li-ion battery electrodes. This innovative manufacturing method offers significant material composition and electrode structure flexibility, enabling more complex and efficient designs. While traditional Li-ion battery fabrication methods are well-established, 3D printing opens up new possibilities for enhancing battery performance by allowing for tailored geometries, efficient material usage, and integrating multifunctional components. This article examines three key 3D pr

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Ameeduzzafar, Nabil K. Alruwaili, Md Rizwanullah, et al. "3D Printing Technology in Design of Pharmaceutical Products." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 42 (2019): 5009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190116104620.

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Background: Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a novel technology for fabrication of personalized medicine. As of late, FDA affirmed 3D printed tranquilize item in August 2015, which is characteristic of another section of Pharmaceutical assembling. 3DP incorporates a wide range of assembling procedures, which are altogether founded on computer-aided design (CAD), and controlled deposition of materials (layer-by-layer) to make freestyle geometries. Conventionally, many pharmaceutical processes like compressed tablet have been used from many years for the development of tablet with established

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Geng, Peng, and Chengjian Jiang. "Direct Ink Writing 3D Printing Polytetrafluoroethylene/Polydimethylsiloxane Membrane with Anisotropic Surface Wettability and Its Application in Oil–Water Separation." Polymers 17, no. 2 (2025): 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17020174.

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Biological surfaces with physical discontinuity or chemical heterogeneity possess special wettability in the form of anisotropic wetting behavior. However, there are several challenges in designing and manufacturing samples with anisotropic wettability. This study investigates the fabrication of PTFE/PDMS grid membranes using Direct Ink Writing (DIW) 3D printing for oil–water separation applications. The ink’s rheological properties were optimized, revealing that a 60% PTFE/PDMS composite exhibited the ideal shear-thinning behavior for 3D printing. Our research investigated the interplay betwe

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Razzaq, Muhammad Yasar, Joamin Gonzalez-Gutierrez, Gregory Mertz, David Ruch, Daniel F. Schmidt, and Stephan Westermann. "4D Printing of Multicomponent Shape-Memory Polymer Formulations." Applied Sciences 12, no. 15 (2022): 7880. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12157880.

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Four-dimensional (4D) printing technology, as a next-generation additive manufacturing method, enables printed objects to further change their shapes, functionalities, or properties upon exposure to external stimuli. The 4D printing of programmable and deformable materials such as thermo-responsive shape-memory polymers (trSMPs), which possess the ability to change shape by exposure to heat, has attracted particular interest in recent years. Three-dimensional objects based on SMPs have been proposed for various potential applications in different fields, including soft robotics, smart actuator

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Komorowski, Paweł, Mateusz Surma, Michał Walczakowski, Przemysław Zagrajek, and Agnieszka Siemion. "Off-Axis Diffractive Optics for Compact Terahertz Detection Setup." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (2020): 8594. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238594.

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Medical and many other applications require small-volume setups enabling terahertz imaging. Therefore, we aim to develop a device for the in-reflection examination of the samples. Thus, in this article, we focus on the diffractive elements for efficient redirection and focusing of the THz radiation. A terahertz diffractive optical structure has been designed, optimized, manufactured (using extrusion-based 3D printing) and tested. Two manufacturing methods have been used—direct printing of the structures from PA12, and casting of the paraffin structures out of 3D-printed molds. Also, the limita

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Jain, Tanmay, Yen-Ming Tseng, Chinnapatch Tantisuwanno, et al. "Synthesis, Rheology, and Assessment of 3D Printability of Multifunctional Polyesters for Extrusion-Based Direct-Write 3D Printing." ACS Applied Polymer Materials 3, no. 12 (2021): 6618–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsapm.1c01275.

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Ciornei, Mirela, Răzvan Ionuț Iacobici, Ionel Dănuț Savu, and Dalia Simion. "FDM 3D Printing Process - Risks and Environmental Aspects." Key Engineering Materials 890 (June 23, 2021): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.890.152.

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The application of the 3D printing processes is continuously increasing due to their large number of technical and economic advantages when produce prototypes, but in the mass fabrication as well, especially for metal printing of low dimension products. The process produces pollution as all technological processes. Noise, fume and polymer wastes are the main elements which exit from the process and they are not products. The types and the volumes of those pollution emissions depend on the process parameters. The paper presents the results of FDM process emissions analysis. It was recorded the

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Khondoker, Mohammad A. H., Adam Ostashek, and Dan Sameoto. "Direct 3D Printing of Stretchable Circuits via Liquid Metal Co‐Extrusion Within Thermoplastic Filaments." Advanced Engineering Materials 21, no. 7 (2019): 1900060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.201900060.

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Fratini, Costanza, Sofia Moroni, Davide De Angelis, et al. "Direct powder extrusion (DPE) 3D-printing of mini-tablets for preclinical studies in rodents." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 675 (April 2025): 125542. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125542.

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Jain, Shubham, Mohammed Ahmad Yassin, Tiziana Fuoco, et al. "Engineering 3D degradable, pliable scaffolds toward adipose tissue regeneration; optimized printability, simulations and surface modification." Journal of Tissue Engineering 11 (January 2020): 204173142095431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041731420954316.

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We present a solution to regenerate adipose tissue using degradable, soft, pliable 3D-printed scaffolds made of a medical-grade copolymer coated with polydopamine. The problem today is that while printing, the medical grade copolyesters degrade and the scaffolds become very stiff and brittle, being not optimal for adipose tissue defects. Herein, we have used high molar mass poly(L-lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) (PLATMC) to engineer scaffolds using a direct extrusion-based 3D printer, the 3D Bioplotter®. Our approach was first focused on how the printing influences the polymer and scaffold’

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Elbl, Jan, Martin Veselý, Dagmar Blaháčková, et al. "Development of 3D Printed Multi-Layered Orodispersible Films with Porous Structure Applicable as a Substrate for Inkjet Printing." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 2 (2023): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15020714.

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The direct tailoring of the size, composition, or number of layers belongs to the advantages of 3D printing employment in producing orodispersible films (ODFs) compared to the frequently utilized solvent casting method. This study aimed to produce porous ODFs as a substrate for medicated ink deposited by a 2D printer. The innovative semi-solid extrusion 3D printing method was employed to produce multilayered ODFs, where the bottom layer assures the mechanical properties. In contrast, the top layer provides a porous structure for ink entrapment. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and polyvinyl alcoh

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Menshutina, Natalia, Andrey Abramov, Maria Okisheva, and Pavel Tsygankov. "Investigation of the 3D Printing Process Utilizing a Heterophase System." Gels 9, no. 7 (2023): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9070566.

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Direct ink writing (DIW) requires careful selection of ink composition with specific rheological properties, and it has limitations, such as the inability to create overhanging parts or branched geometries. This study presents an investigation into enhancing the 3D printing process through the use of a heterophase system, aiming to overcome these limitations. A modification was carried out in the 3D printer construction, involving adjustments to the structural elements responsible for the extrusion device’s movement. Additionally, a method for obtaining a heterophase system based on gelatin mi

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Boniatti, Janine, Patricija Januskaite, Laís B. da Fonseca, et al. "Direct Powder Extrusion 3D Printing of Praziquantel to Overcome Neglected Disease Formulation Challenges in Paediatric Populations." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (2021): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081114.

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For the last 40 years, praziquantel has been the standard treatment for schistosomiasis, a neglected parasitic disease affecting more than 250 million people worldwide. However, there is no suitable paediatric formulation on the market, leading to off-label use and the splitting of commercial tablets for adults. In this study, we use a recently available technology, direct powder extrusion (DPE) three-dimensional printing (3DP), to prepare paediatric Printlets™ (3D printed tablets) of amorphous solid dispersions of praziquantel with Kollidon® VA 64 and surfactants (Span™ 20 or Kolliphor® SLS).

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Yang, Kun, Jingbo Yuan, Yibo Wang, Fan Yang, and Changzai Ren. "Optimization of 3D Printing Nozzle Structure and the Influence of Process Parameters on the Forming Performance of Underwater Concrete." Materials 18, no. 7 (2025): 1431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18071431.

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Underwater concrete 3D printing (3DPC) technology, as a pioneering construction process, has demonstrated significant potential in various fields, such as marine engineering, underwater restoration projects, and ecological construction. However, the complexity and variability of the underwater environment pose stricter quality standards for the printed structures. To address this, this study employed a self-developed framed concrete 3D printer and utilized response surface methodology to optimize the structural dimensions of the printing nozzle. Through in-depth analysis of the internal flow f

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Shekhar Kondibhau Rahane and Krupal Prabhakar Pawar. "Advanced Concrete for 3D Printing: Material Development and Structural Integrity." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 31, no. 4 (2025): 424–30. https://doi.org/10.63278/1455.

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Additive manufacturing of buildings is an emerging method of construction technology, which has potential to manufacture concrete structures. It encompasses investigation into novel concrete designs aspiring for suitability in 3D printing, with consideration given to their physical properties and the structural necessities surrounding the load-bearing requirements they must possess. Different additives, such as polymers and nanoparticles, are investigated to improve printability as well as mechanical characteristics and endurance and to overcome major issues in extrusion behavior, interlayer a

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Wu, Ying, Chao An, and Yaru Guo. "3D Printed Graphene and Graphene/Polymer Composites for Multifunctional Applications." Materials 16, no. 16 (2023): 5681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16165681.

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Three-dimensional (3D) printing, alternatively known as additive manufacturing, is a transformative technology enabling precise, customized, and efficient manufacturing of components with complex structures. It revolutionizes traditional processes, allowing rapid prototyping, cost-effective production, and intricate designs. The 3D printed graphene-based materials combine graphene’s exceptional properties with additive manufacturing’s versatility, offering precise control over intricate structures with enhanced functionalities. To gain comprehensive insights into the development of 3D printed

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Maurel, Alexis, Ana Cristina Martinez, Sylvie Grugeon, et al. "(Battery Division Postdoctoral Associate Research Award Sponsored by MTI Corporation and the Jiang Family Foundation) 3D Printing of Batteries: Fiction or Reality?" ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 3 (2022): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-023214mtgabs.

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Motivated by the request to build shape-conformable flexible, wearable and customizable batteries while maximizing the energy storage and electrochemical performances, additive manufacturing (AM) appears as a revolutionary discipline. Battery components such as electrodes, separator, electrolyte, current collectors and casing can be tailored with any shape, allowing the direct incorporation of batteries and all electronics within the final three-dimensional object. AM also paves the way toward the implementation of complex 3D electrode architectures that could enhance significantly the power b

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Rosenbaum, Christoph, Linus Großmann, Ellen Neumann, Petra Jungfleisch, Emre Türeli, and Werner Weitschies. "Development of a Hot-Melt-Extrusion-Based Spinning Process to Produce Pharmaceutical Fibers and Yarns." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (2022): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061229.

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Fibers and yarns are part of everyday life. So far, fibers that are also used pharmaceutically have mainly been produced by electrospinning. The common use of spinning oils and the excipients they contain, in connection with production by melt extrusion, poses a regulatory challenge for pharmaceutically usable fibers. In this publication, a newly developed small-scale direct-spinning melt extrusion system is described, and the pharmaceutically useful polyvinyl filaments produced with it are characterized. The major parts of the system were newly developed or extensively modified and manufactur

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Singamneni, Sarat, Malaya Prasad Behera, Derryn Truong, Marie Joo Le Guen, Elspeth Macrae, and Kim Pickering. "Direct extrusion 3D printing for a softer PLA-based bio-polymer composite in pellet form." Journal of Materials Research and Technology 15 (November 2021): 936–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.08.044.

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Goyanes, Alvaro, Nour Allahham, Sarah J. Trenfield, Edmont Stoyanov, Simon Gaisford, and Abdul W. Basit. "Direct powder extrusion 3D printing: Fabrication of drug products using a novel single-step process." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 567 (August 2019): 118471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118471.

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Sevcik, Max J., Jacob Golson, Gabriel Bjerke, et al. "Dual feed progressive cavity pump extrusion system for functionally graded direct ink write 3D printing." HardwareX 17 (March 2024): e00515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2024.e00515.

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Mechtcherine, Viktor, Albert Michel, Marco Liebscher, and Tobias Schmeier. "Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing with Carbon Reinforced Concrete: Concept and Feasibility Study." Materials 13, no. 11 (2020): 2568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13112568.

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Additive manufacturing with cement-based materials needs sound approaches for the direct, seamless integration of reinforcement into structural and non-structural elements during their fabrication. Mineral-impregnated Carbon-Fibre (MCF) composites represent a new type of non-corrosive reinforcement that offers great potential in this regard. MCF not only exhibits high performance with respect to its mechanical characteristics and durability, but it also can be processed and shaped easily in the fresh state and, what is more, automated. This article describes different concepts for the continuo

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Zhang, Jinyu, Shixiong Wu, Zedong Wang, Yuanfen Chen, and Hui You. "Experimental Investigation of High-Viscosity Conductive Pastes and the Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters." Applied Sciences 13, no. 4 (2023): 2389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13042389.

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Traditional contact printing technology is primarily controlled by the shape of the mask to form the size, while for the more popular non-contact printing technologies, in recent years, adjusting the print parameters has become a direct way to control the result of the printing. High-viscosity conductive pastes are generally processed by screen printing, but this method has limited accuracy and wastes material. Direct-write printing is a more material-efficient method, but the printing of high-viscosity pastes has extrusion difficulties, which affects the printed line width. In this paper, we

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