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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct-flow and axial-radial seal'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Daniels, W. A., B. V. Johnson, D. J. Graber, and R. J. Martin. "Rim Seal Experiments and Analysis for Turbine Applications." Journal of Turbomachinery 114, no. 2 (1992): 426–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2929161.

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An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the sealing effectiveness and the aerodynamic characteristics of four rim seal models for a number of flow conditions. The experiments were conducted to obtain an extended data base for advanced turbine rim seal design. The class of rim seals investigated are those found on the downstream side of the rotor where the boundary layer on the disk is pumped directly into the seal gap. The experiments were conducted at disk tangential Reynolds numbers up to 5.1 × 106 with a simulated gas path flow across the top of the seal. The simulated gas

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2

Sun, Dan, Yan Ting Ai, Wan Fu Zhang, and Jian Gang Yang. "Design of a New Kind of the Radial Annular Seal for the Aeroengine." Advanced Materials Research 621 (December 2012): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.621.326.

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To minimize fluid leakage loss and improve rotordynamic stability of traditional aeroengine seals, a new kind of radial annular rim seal (RARS) is presented in this paper. Comparing with the conventional labyrinth rim seal (LRS), the fluid leakage direction is modified from the axial to radial direction. The flow resistance increases, and the flow-induced force is greatly reduced. The completed three-dimensional CFD model between RARS and LRS were employed to analyze the inherent characteristics of the fluid flow in the whole passage. Calculated results show that RARS has less leakage and flui

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3

Li, Zhenyu, Gang Wang, Xiangyu Wang, et al. "Semi-Analytical Methods for the Joint Strength and Sealing Performance in the Failure Process of the Subsea Pipeline Compression Connector." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 7 (2023): 1417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11071417.

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Radial seals are sensitive to axial overload failure and may cause leaks. This paper presents two semi-analytical methods for the joint strength and sealing performance of the subsea pipeline compression connector under axial overload failure. The method for the joint strength consists of two parts: One is the analytical model for the joint strength of the connection and seal under axial tension and compression conditions. The models are based on membrane theory, considering the hardening and bending effects. The other is a two-dimensional, axisymmetric finite element model for the joint stren

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4

Quenedey, E., B. Nennemann, C. Monette, N. Ruchonnet, and F. P. Gosselin. "Numerical and Analytical Estimation of the Hydrodynamic Coefficients of a Radial Seal under Whirling Vibrations." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1483, no. 1 (2025): 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1483/1/012027.

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Abstract Turbulent leakage flow passes through the radial seals and spiral cases of turbine runners. A small deviation of the runner changes the radial seal flow, inducing a strong pressure gradient. Reaction fluid forces act on the runner which hence whirls. These forces are modeled by dynamic force coefficients on the shaft-line dynamics. We determine those coefficients to predict whirl vibrations. The radial and tangential forces are written as quadratic and linear polynomials of the whirl frequency. The polynomial coefficients correspond to the runner dynamic coefficients. A computational

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5

Chun, Ye Hwan, and Joon Ahn. "Optimizing the Geometric Parameters of a Stepped Labyrinth Seal to Minimize the Discharge Coefficient." Processes 10, no. 10 (2022): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102019.

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A series of numerical simulations were performed to study the discharge coefficient based on the geometric parameters of a stepped labyrinth seal that sealed the secondary flow path of a gas turbine. In contrast with straight-through seals, stepped labyrinth seals introduce additional geometrical parameters related to the steps. In this study, three shape variables were observed: step height (SH), position, and cavity width (CW). The sensitivity to the leakage flow of the shape variable in the stepped labyrinth seal was analyzed. The mechanism for improving the sealing performance of stepped l

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6

Kirk, R. Gordon. "A Method for Calculating Labyrinth Seal Inlet Swirl Velocity." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 112, no. 3 (1990): 380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2930519.

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The results of numerous investigators have shown the importance of inlet swirl on the calculated dynamic stiffness and stability of labyrinth seals. These results have not included any calculation of inlet leakage of swirl as a function of complex disk geometry including the sealing conditions of the given seal. This paper outlines a method of calculating the inlet swirl at the entrance of the labyrinth seal by introducing a radial chamber which when added to the axial flow solution allows the prediction of the gas swirl as it flows radially from the stage tip along the disk face inward to the

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7

Bayley, F. J., and C. A. Long. "A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study of Flow and Pressure Distributions in a Brush Seal." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 115, no. 2 (1993): 404–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906723.

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A relatively simple theory is presented that can be used to model the flow and pressure distribution in a brush seal matrix. The model assumes laminar, compressible, isothermal flow and requires knowledge of an empirical constant: the seal porosity value. Measurements of the mass flow rate together with radial and axial distributions of pressure were taken on a nonrotating experimental rig. These were obtained using a 122 mm bore brush seal with 0.25 mm radial interference. The experimental data are used to estimate the seal porosity. Measurements of the pressure distributions along the backin

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8

Stadnik, Mykola, Serhiy Shargorodskiy, and Volodymyr Rutkevych. "ENSURING CONTINUOUS HYSTERESIS OF SPROAD ACTION VALVE SAFETY VALVES." ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC, no. 4(111) (December 18, 2020): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2520-6168-2020-4-11.

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In the article principles of construction and design of spring valve units are considered, which allow to obtain a given dynamic quality to ensure constant hysteresis of spool safety valves of direct action. The analysis of efficiency of devices of correction of dynamic quality of spring valve units for ensuring their working capacity at variation of external operating factors by purposeful management of kinematic and force parameters of elastic-damping elements, and also the reasons influencing hysteresis It is noted that one of the reasons for the increase in hysteresis is damage to the rubb

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9

Kaneko, S. "Application of Porous Materials to Annular Plain Seals: Part 2—Dynamic Characteristics." Journal of Tribology 112, no. 4 (1990): 624–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920307.

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For improving the dynamic performance of the annular plain seals employed in pumps, porous materials are applied to the seal surface by insertion into the inlet part of the seal. The linear stiffness and damping coefficients of the seal film are calculated in the laminar-flow regime, assuming the mass effect of the fluid to be negligibly small. Numerical results show that the annular plain seals with the porous materials have larger main stiffness terms and smaller cross-coupled stiffness terms and main damping terms than the conventional ones with the solid surfaces. This tendency is more mar

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10

Zhulyov, A., V. Martsinkovsky, and C. Kundera. "Analysis of Forced Spatial Vibrations of a Centrifugal Pump Impeller with Axial Forces Balancing Device." International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering 21, no. 3 (2016): 737–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijame-2016-0043.

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Abstract In this paper, a model of a pump impeller with annular seals and a balancing device, used as a combined support-seal assembly, is considered. The forced coupled radial, angular and axial vibrations of the rotor are determined with consideration of linearized inertial, damping, gyroscopic, positional and circulating forces and moments acting on the impeller from the side of the fluid flow in annular seals. The theoretical analysis is supplemented with a numerical example, the amplitude frequency characteristics are shown.

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11

Arauz, Grigory L., and Luis San Andre´s. "Analysis of Two-Phase Flow in Cryogenic Damper Seals—Part II: Model Validation and Predictions." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 2 (1998): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2834414.

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Cryogenic fluid damper seals operating close to the liquid-vapor region (near the critical point or slightly sub-cooled) are likely to develop a two-phase flow region which affects the seal performance and reliability. An all-liquid, liquid-vapor, and all-vapor, i.e., a “continuous vaporization” bulk flow model for prediction of the seal dynamic forced response is given in Part I. The numerical method of solution of the flow equations is detailed here. Computed predictions for static seal characteristics, leakage and axial pressure drop, correlate well with existing measurements for a gaseous

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12

Yao, Minglong, Wanfu Zhang, Qianqian Zhao, Qianlei Gu, Liyun Zhang, and Jianing Yin. "Sensitivity Analysis of Scallop Damper Seal Design Parameters for Leakage and Static Performance." Aerospace 11, no. 12 (2024): 1052. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11121052.

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The leakage characteristics and static stiffness of scallop damper seals have a significant impact on rotor vibration and stability. A parameter sensitivity analysis model for geometrical parameters in scallop damper seals was developed using a design of experiments (DOE) approach. The method employed a central composite design, integrating factorial, axial, and center points to assess non-linear effects efficiently. And the effects of radial clearance, cavity depth, and length–diameter ratios on leakage performance and rotor stability were investigated. The leakage rate, flow-induced force, a

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13

Childs, D., and F. Garcia. "Test Results for Sawtooth-Pattern Damper Seals: Leakage and Rotordynamic Coefficients." Journal of Tribology 109, no. 1 (1987): 124–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261303.

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Test results consisting of direct and transverse force coefficients are presented for eleven, sawtooth-pattern, damper-seal configurations. The designation “damper” seal refers to a seal which uses a deliberately roughened stator and smooth rotor, as suggested by von Pragenau [1], to increase the net seal damping force. The designation “sawtooth-pattern” refers to a stator-roughness pattern whose cross section normal to the axis of the seal resembles saw teeth with the teeth direction opposing fluid motion in the direction of shaft rotation. The sawtooth pattern yields axial grooves in the sta

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14

Жинов, Andrey A., and Denis V. Shevelev. "Determination of steam leaks through faulty labyrinth seals of a steam turbine." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 16, no. 1 (2022): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-104581.

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BACKGROUND: When calculating the axial force acting on the thrust bearing of a steam turbine, when calculating the dimensions of the unloading piston, when calculating the efficiency of the turbine stages, it is necessary to determine the amount of steam leakage through its diaphragm and end seals. Existing methods make it possible to calculate leaks only through serviceable, undamaged labyrinth seals of several standard designs. However, during the operation of steam turbines, due to off-design axial and radial displacements of the rotor, labyrinth seals are often damaged - deformed, crushed

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15

Dogu, Yahya. "Investigation of Brush Seal Flow Characteristics Using Bulk Porous Medium Approach." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 127, no. 1 (2005): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1808425.

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The flow behavior through a brush seal has been investigated by developing a flow analysis procedure with a porous medium approach. In order to increase the brush seal performance and use at more severe operating conditions, the complex flow in the bristle pack has become the major concern affecting seal features such as blow-down, hang-up, hysteresis, and bristle flutter. In this study, an axisymmetric CFD model is employed to calibrate anisotropic permeability coefficients for the bristle pack based on available experimental data: leakage, axial pressure on the rotor surface, and radial pres

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16

Kong, Xiaozhi, Gaowen Liu, Yuxin Liu, Zhao Lei, and Longxi Zheng. "Performance evaluation of the inter-stage labyrinth seal for different tooth positions in an axial compressor." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy 232, no. 6 (2017): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957650917739532.

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Labyrinth seals are normally used to control the leakage flow in the compressor stator well. The upstream and downstream rotor-stator cavities of the labyrinth seal can cause complex reverse leakage flows. Remarkable temperature increases and high swirl velocities are observed in this region. In addition, another characteristic of inter-stage labyrinth seal is that large expansions of rotor and stator may easily lead to severely rubbing between the teeth and shrouds, which can shorten the lifetime of the compressor obviously. Experiments were conducted at a rotating compressor inter-stage seal

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17

Gamal, Ahmed M., Bugra H. Ertas, and John M. Vance. "High-Pressure Pocket Damper Seals: Leakage Rates and Cavity Pressures." Journal of Turbomachinery 129, no. 4 (2006): 826–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2720871.

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The turbomachinery component of interest in this paper, the pocket damper seal, has the dual purpose of limiting leakage and providing an additional source of damping at the seal location. The rotordynamic coefficients of these seals (primarily the direct stiffness and damping) are highly dependent on the leakage rates through the seals and the pressures in the seals’ cavities. This paper presents both numerical predictions and experimentally obtained results for the leakage and the cavity pressures of pocket damper seals operating at high pressures. The seals were tested with air, at pressure

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18

Morrison, G. L., M. C. Johnson, and G. B. Tatterson. "3-D Laser Anemometer Measurements in a Labyrinth Seal." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113, no. 1 (1991): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2906518.

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The flow field inside a seven-cavity labyrinth seal with a 0.00127-m clearance was measured using a 3-D laser-Doppler anemometer system. Through the use of this system, the mean velocity vector and the entire Reynolds stress tensor distributions were measured for the first, third, fifth, and seventh cavities of the seal. There was one large recirculation region present in the cavity for the flow condition tested, Re = 28,000 and Ta = 7000. The axial and radial mean velocities as well as all of the Reynolds stress terms became cavity independent by the third cavity. The azimuthal mean velocity

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19

Cao, Hao, Wanfu Zhang, Lu Yin, and Li Yang. "Numerical Study of Leakage and Rotordynamic Performance of Staggered Labyrinth Seals Working with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide." Shock and Vibration 2022 (January 20, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3896212.

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The numerical model of a staggered labyrinth seal working with supercritical carbon dioxide (S–CO2) is established. The dynamic and static characteristics of the staggered labyrinth seal for different axial shifting distances of the rotor, various cavity geometries (heights/widths of the rotor convex plate, heights of the seal cavity), and seal clearances were investigated and compared with the conventional see-through labyrinth seal. The results show that the effective damping coefficient (Ceff) with positive axial shifting distance is higher than that with negative axial shifting distance. W

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20

Zhao, Hailin, Hua Su, Guoding Chen, and Yanchao Zhang. "Study on the Leakage and Inter-Stage Pressure Drop Characteristics of Two-Stage Finger Seal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (2021): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052239.

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To solve the high leakage and high wear problems faced by sealing devices in aeroengines under the condition of high axial pressure difference, the two-stage finger seal is proposed in this paper. The finite element method and computational fluid dynamics (FEM/CFD) coupling iterative algorithm of the two-stage finger seal is developed and validated. Then the performance advantages of two-stage finger seal compared to the one-stage finger seal are studied, as well as the leakage and the inter-stage pressure drop characteristics of two-stage finger seal are investigated. Finally, the measure to

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21

Liu, Yuxin, Benzhuang Yue, Xiaozhi Kong, Hua Chen, and Huawei Lu. "Effects of Front Plate Geometry on Brush Seal in Highly Swirling Environments of Gas Turbine." Energies 14, no. 22 (2021): 7768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227768.

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Advanced brush seal technology has a significant impact on the performance and efficiency of gas turbine engines. However, in highly inlet swirling environments, the bristles of a brush seal tend to circumferentially slip, which may lead to aerodynamic instability and seal failure. In this paper, seven different front plate geometries were proposed to reduce the impact of high inlet swirl on the bristle pack, and a three-dimensional porous medium model was carried out to simulate the brush seal flow characteristics. Comparisons of a plane front plate with a relief cavity, plane front plate wit

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22

Lindsey, W. Todd, and Dara W. Childs. "The Effects of Converging and Diverging Axial Taper on the Rotordynamic Coefficients of Liquid Annular Pressure Seals: Theory Versus Experiment." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 122, no. 2 (1995): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.568457.

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Experimental results are compared to predictions for turbulent flow, short (D=76.2mm,L/D=.17), smooth annular seals with converging and diverging axial taper. Results are presented for four geometries with the same minimum clearances: two convergent, two divergent, and a constant-clearance. Measurements were taken at seal pressure differentials and shaft rotation rates ranging from 1.34 to 3.54 MPa and 10,200 to 24,600 rpm, respectively. Measurements parameters include leakage, direct stiffness, cross-coupled stiffness, and direct damping coefficients. Results show that direct stiffness genera

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23

Childs, D. W., and J. B. Dressman. "Convergent-Tapered Annular Seals: Analysis and Testing for Rotordynamic Coefficients." Journal of Tribology 107, no. 3 (1985): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3261059.

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A combined analytical-computational method is developed to calculate the pressure field and dynamic coefficients for tapered high-pressure annular seals typical of neck-ring and interstage seals employed in multistage centrifugal pumps. Completely developed turbulent flow is assumed in both the circumferential and axial directions and is modeled by Hirs’ bulk-flow turbulent-lubrication equations. Linear zeroth- and first-order perturbation equations are developed for the momentum equations and continuity equations. The development of the circumferential velocity field is defined from the zerot

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24

Kwon, Jeong Woo, and Joon Ahn. "Prediction of Leakage Flow Rate and Blow-Down in Brush Seals via 2D CFD Simulation with Porosity Correction." Applied Sciences 14, no. 19 (2024): 8821. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14198821.

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Brush seals are extensively used in rotating equipment, such as gas turbines and compressors, providing effective sealing while accommodating radial, axial, and angular movements between components. In this study, the performance of brush seals with and without clearances was predicted through axisymmetric 2D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations using a porous media model. Because the accurate modeling of a brush seal requires the appropriate porosity to be determined and the flow resistance to be calculated, a porosity correction was performed based on the brush seal’s geometry and p

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25

Moore, J. Jeffrey, and Alan B. Palazzolo. "CFD Comparison to 3D Laser Anemometer and Rotordynamic Force Measurements for Grooved Liquid Annular Seals." Journal of Tribology 121, no. 2 (1999): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833937.

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A pressure-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code is employed to calculate the flow field and rotordynamic forces in a whirling, grooved liquid annular seal. To validate the capabilities of the CFD code for this class of problems, comparisons of basic fluid dynamic parameters are made to three-dimensional laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) measurements for a spinning, centered grooved seal. Predictions are made using both a standard and low Reynolds number κ-ε turbulence model. Comparisons show good overall agreement of the axial and radial velocities in the through flow jet, shear layer, a

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26

Hou, X. X., Y. G. Cheng, D. L. Hu, et al. "Influence factors of clearance leakage flowrate and clearance hydraulic axial force of pump-turbine." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1037, no. 1 (2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1037/1/012035.

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Abstract The clearance flow of pump-turbine has significant influence on hydraulic forces of the runner, which is related to safety of the unit. To clarify the influence factors, clearance flowrate and clearance hydraulic axial force of a prototype pump-turbine were analyzed by 3D CFD simulations. The results show that the rotational speed, and the smallest radial sizes of clearance inlet, outlet, and the seal ring sizes are the determinant factors for clearance leakage flowrate, while the rotational speed and the radial size at clearance inlet are the major factors for clearance axial force.

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27

Nikitin, Ivan, Boris Petrunin, and Sergey Dmitriev. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE FLOW CHARACTERISTICS OF A CELLULAR WELL SEAL FOR STEAM TURBINES." Energy Systems 8, no. 3 (2023): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/es.2023.3.002.

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In this paper, a study of the flow characteristics of a seal with a cellular stator is carried out. The rotor had a well surface with a diameter of d = 10 mm and a depth of h = 1 mm. The stator part is made of stamped rings and radial plates, forming a cellular structure with a rectangular cross section. Holes were made on the outer plate to separate moisture into the sealing chamber behind the stator. A series of experiments were carried out with a fixed disk and rotating at different speeds (1000; 2000; 3000 rpm). The results of the construction of consumption characteristics showed that the

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28

Braun, M. J., V. V. Kudriavtsev, B. M. Steinetz, and M. P. Proctor. "Two- and Three-Dimensional Numerical Experiments Representing Two Limiting Cases of an In-Line Pair of Finger Seal Components." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 9, no. 3 (2003): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1023621x03000162.

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The work presented here concerns the numerical development and simulation of the flow, pressure patterns, and motion of a pair of fingers arranged one behind the other and axially aligned in line. The fingers represent the basic elemental component of a finger seal and form a tight seal around the rotor. Yet their flexibility allows compliance with rotor motion and, in a passive-adaptive mode, compliance with the hydrodynamic forces induced by the flowing fluid. Although this article does not treat the actual staggered configuration of a finger seal, the in-line arrangement represents a first

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29

Turner, M. T., J. W. Chew, and C. A. Long. "Experimental Investigation and Mathematical Modeling of Clearance Brush Seals." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 3 (1998): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818185.

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In this paper, an experimental program and a CFD based mathematical model using a brush seal at two bristle to rotor clearances (0.27 mm and 0.75 mm) are presented. The experimental program examined the radial pressure distributions along the backing ring, the axial pressure distribution along the rotor, and the mass flow through the seal through a range of pressure ratios while exhausting to atmosphere. The results from this experimental program have been used to further calibrate a CFD-based model. This model treats the bristle pack as an axisymmetric, anisotropic porous region, and is calib

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30

Sun, Huifang, Yue Lv, Jinbing Ni, Xianyu Jiang, and Zhengwei Wang. "Effect of Seal Locations of Pump-Turbine on Axial Hydraulic Trust." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 6 (2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9060623.

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Axial hydraulic thrust is an important factor that affects safety and stability of pump turbine operation. Research and analysis of axial hydraulic thrust is of a great significance for guiding the safe and stable operation of a pumped storage power station. Since the runner shape of the pump turbine is flat and its radial dimension is large, an increase of leakage can happen easily. In order to reduce the leakage and improve the efficiency of the unit, a labyrinth ring seal is usually used in the upper crown and lower ring of the runner because the inner clearance of the seal has a great infl

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31

Li, Xiaoran, Weifeng Wu, Jing Zhang, Chengqiang Guo, Feng Ke, and Fuqiang Jiang. "Analysis of 3D Transient Flow in a High-Speed Scroll Refrigeration Compressor." Energies 16, no. 7 (2023): 3089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073089.

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In mobile devices such as aircraft and electric vehicles, due to limited space, there are strict requirements on the volume and weight of the compressor mounted on the vehicle. Therefore, high-speed scroll compressors have attracted more and more attention because of their small size and light weight. In this paper, the numerical calculations and analysis of the three-dimensional (3D) transient flows in a high-speed scroll refrigeration compressor were established and validated. Circumferential gas intake was used in the simulation. According to the actual compressor size, the mesh generation

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32

Adebayo, David Shina, and Aldo Rona. "The Three-Dimensional Velocity Distribution of Wide Gap Taylor-Couette Flow Modelled by CFD." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8584067.

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A numerical investigation is conducted for the flow between two concentric cylinders with a wide gap, relevant to bearing chamber applications. This wide gap configuration has received comparatively less attention than narrow gap journal bearing type geometries. The flow in the gap between an inner rotating cylinder and an outer stationary cylinder has been modelled as an incompressible flow using an implicit finite volume RANS scheme with the realisablek-εmodel. The model flow is above the critical Taylor number at which axisymmetric counterrotating Taylor vortices are formed. The tangential

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33

Luo, Yin, Wenqi Zhang, Yakun Fan, Yuejiang Han, Weimin Li, and Emmanuel Acheaw. "Analysis of Vibration Characteristics of Centrifugal Pump Mechanical Seal under Wear and Damage Degree." Shock and Vibration 2021 (April 8, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6670741.

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Mechanical seal is a kind of shaft sealing equipment. Face wear is one of the main causes of mechanical seal failure. Mechanical seal condition is also related to the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emission. Therefore, we need to detect the centrifugal pump seal condition. At present, vibration signal is a common method for fault monitoring and diagnosis of centrifugal pump. In this paper, the vibration signal under the condition of damaged centrifugal pump seal is measured by studying the characteristics of vibration signal after the end face damage of centrifugal pump. Statistica

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34

Tam, L. T., A. J. Przekwas, A. Muszynska, R. C. Hendricks, M. J. Braun, and R. L. Mullen. "Numerical and Analytical Study of Fluid Dynamic Forces in Seals and Bearings." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 110, no. 3 (1988): 315–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3269519.

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A numerical model based on a transformed, conservative form of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations and an analytical model based on “lumped” fluid parameters are presented and compared with studies of modeled rotor/bearing/seal systems. The rotor destabilizing factors are related to the rotative character of the flow field. It is shown that these destabilizing factors can be reduced through a descrease in the fluid average circumferential velocity. However, the rotative character of the flow field is a complex three-dimensional system with bifurcated secondary flow patterns that sign

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35

Ahmed, Altyib Abdallah Mahmoud, Meihong Liu, Yuchi Kang, Juan Wang, Aboubaker I. B. Idriss, and Nguyen Thi Trung Tin. "Brush Seal Performance with Ideal Gas Working Fluid under Static Rotor Condition." Machines 12, no. 7 (2024): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines12070476.

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The study investigated how variations in pressure ratio affect the leakage flow of a brush seal for both contact and clearance structures, in which the clearance is measured as the distance between the bristles tip and the rotor surface. This investigation utilized the Reynolds-Averaged-Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations alongside a two-dimensional axisymmetric anisotropic porous medium model. To verify the model’s accuracy and dependability, the obtained results were compared with previous numerical results and experimental observations, showing a satisfactory level of agreement. The results indi

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36

Xue, Qichao, Xueying Li, and Jing Ren. "Numerical Research on Flow Characteristics at High Radii of Rim Seals with Different Geometric Structures." Energies 17, no. 8 (2024): 1877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17081877.

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In the high-temperature mainstream of gas turbines, there is a rim clearance between the rotor and the stator. A rim seal is to prevent the intrusion of high-temperature gas by spraying cool fluid from the inside of the rim clearance to the outside. In the past research on rim seals, the focus was on the overall performance of the sealing structure, and the flow in the disc cavity was studied more, but the high-radius flow was simplified. In recent years, additional research in the field has focused on more complex sealing structures and high-radius flows, such as the interface between the dis

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Bai, Tao, Qingzhen Yang, and Jian Liu. "Numerical Study of the Purge Flow’s Effect on the Loss Mechanism of the Blocking and Shear Effects." Processes 11, no. 1 (2022): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11010050.

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The loss mechanism of shear and upstream blockage caused by the interaction of the purged flow and ingested gas needs to be systematically studied to optimize the flow near the rim. In order to study the causes and influence factors of blocking and shearing effects and quantify their losses reasonably, the three-dimensional unsteady numerical method validated by the experiment data was adopted to study the turbine with three kinds of sealing structures. The block and shear loss are quantified by integrating the dissipation coefficient in the volume where the specific aerodynamic loss occurs. T

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Hu, Bo, Yulong Yao, Minfeng Wang, Chuan Wang, and Yanming Liu. "Flow and Performance of the Disk Cavity of a Marine Gas Turbine at Varying Nozzle Pressure and Low Rotation Speeds: A Numerical Investigation." Machines 11, no. 1 (2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11010068.

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In marine gas turbines, variations in rotational speed occur all the time. To ensure adequate cooling effects on the turbine blades, the valves need to be adjusted to change the pressure upstream of the pre-swirl nozzle. Changing such pressure will have significant effects on the local or overall parameters, such as core swirl ratio, temperature, flow rate coefficient, moment coefficient, axial thrust coefficient, etc. In this paper, we studied the flow characteristics within the pre-swirl system of a marine gas turbine at low rotational speed by varying the pressure at the pre-swirl nozzle. T

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Shevchenko, O. S., and S. S. Shevchenko. "Ways to improve seals to increase operational safety of NPP pumps." Reporter of the Priazovskyi State Technical University. Section: Technical sciences, no. 41 (December 24, 2020): 145–54. https://doi.org/10.31498/2225-6733.41.2020.226199.

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. The sealing unit is a complex system, on which reliability, safety and durability of the pump unit is largely depend. An analysis of the existing designs of sealing units for nuclear power plants (NPP) pumps was carried out, which showed that the most widespread were hydrostatic and mechanical face seals with improved lubrication conditions. Hydrostatic seals are used as main seals for throttling high pressure. Mechanical face seals, due to their low leakage, are mainly used as closing seals. The most promising areas of sealing units design for NPP pumps have been identified. It has been det

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Da Soghe, Riccardo, Cosimo Bianchini, Carl M. Sangan, James A. Scobie, and Gary D. Lock. "Numerical Characterization of Hot-Gas Ingestion Through Turbine Rim Seals." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 139, no. 3 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4034540.

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This paper deals with a numerical study aimed at the characterization of hot-gas ingestion through turbine rim seals. The numerical campaign focused on an experimental facility which models ingress through the rim seal into the upstream wheel-space of an axial-turbine stage. Single-clearance arrangements were considered in the form of axial- and radial-seal gap configurations. With the radial-seal clearance configuration, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) steady-state solutions were able to predict the system sealing effectiveness over a wide range of coolant mass flow rates reasonably well.

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Jia, Xingyun, Lidong He, Chunrui Liu, and Le Zhang. "Buffer effect of turbine rim cavity on hot gas ingestion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, April 17, 2022, 095765092210824. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09576509221082449.

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The rotor disc in the gas turbine creates a pump effect that entrains the fluid near it to radially outward. The hot gas in the mainstream enters the stator–rotor wheel space to maintain mass balance, leading to gas ingestion. The mechanism of the gas ingestion, and the spoiling effect of purge flow on mainstream, and the formation and transform mechanism of the source and core fluid regions in rotor–stator system are revealed in this research. In addition, a radial–radial–axial clearance rim seal (RRACS) is proposed to form a new stator–stator cavity to buff the ingestion flow. Numerical resu

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Sangan, Carl M., James A. Scobie, J. Michael Owen, Gary D. Lock, Kok Mun Tham, and Vincent P. Laurello. "Performance of a Finned Turbine Rim Seal." Journal of Turbomachinery 136, no. 11 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4028116.

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In gas turbines, rim seals are fitted at the periphery of the wheel-space between the turbine disk and its adjacent casing; their purpose is to reduce the ingress of hot mainstream gases. A superposed sealant flow, bled from the compressor, is used to purge the wheel-space or at least dilute the ingress to an acceptable level. The ingress is caused by the circumferential variation of pressure in the turbine annulus radially outward of the seal. Engine designers often use double-rim seals where the variation in pressure is attenuated in the outer wheel-space between the two seals. This paper de

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Cong, Qingfeng, Guoqiang Cheng, Kaiyuan Zhang, Zhigang Li, Jun Li, and Xianglin Kong. "Numerical investigations on the sealing performance and ingestion mechanism of rim seals for a 1+1/2 counter-rotating turbine." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part A: Journal of Power and Energy, August 9, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09576509241272832.

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Rim seals at the periphery of cavities can prevent high-temperature gas from ingesting into the disk cavity. The sealing performance of rim seals and ingestion mechanism for the counter-rotating cavity of a 1 + 1/2 counter-rotating turbine are studied by solving the three-dimensional unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) equations via shear stress transfer (SST) turbulence model. The accuracy of the numerical method is verified by comparing with the experimental data. The sealing effectiveness in cavities and flow field in rim seal clearance of three rim seals are analyzed, and the

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Bowen, Joshua, Aaron Bowsher, Peter Crudgington, Samuel Bull, Carl Sangan, and James Scobie. "Tracking of Bristle Tip Deflections To Demonstrate Blow-Down in Brush Seals." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, September 26, 2024, 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4066608.

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Abstract Sealing in gas turbines is paramount to overall performance and efficiency. Brush seals offer superior performance compared to other sealing solutions commonplace in modern turbomachinery. When subjected to a pressure load, a ring of flexible fine wire bristles – fitted at a lay angle to the radial plane – compact to resist the oncoming flow and deflect towards the rotor in a process known as blow-down. This study employs Digital Image Correlation to track individual bristle tips in three spatial axes throughout a large-scale brush seal test facility. This is the firsttime direct meas

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Orsini, Lorenzo, Alessio Picchi, Bruno Facchini, Alessio Bonini, and Luca Innocenti. "Comparison of Rim Sealing Effectiveness in Different Geometrical Configurations." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, September 13, 2024, 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4066536.

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Abstract The experimental characterization of the rim sealing effectiveness by means of scaled down geometries that replicate the rim seals found in actual engines still represent a widely used approach in literature. However, the obtained results can greatly depend on the specific geometry of the tested rim seal. Moreover, different geometrical parameters can vary during the operation of the engine, especially under transient or off-design conditions, thus influencing the resulting effectiveness values. For this reason, the sealing performance of seven different configurations of radial rim s

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Lu, Xueliang, and Luis San Andrés. "Leakage and Rotordynamic Force Coefficients of A Three-Wave (Air in Oil) Wet Annular Seal: Measurements and Predictions." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 141, no. 3 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4041270.

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In subsea environments, multiphase pumps and compressors add pressure to the process fluid, thus enabling long distance tie back systems that eliminate topside oil and gas separation stations. One challenge to construct a reliable multiphase pump or a reliable wet gas compressor is that the first must handle, without process upset, a mixture whose gas volume fraction (GVF) changes suddenly; while the other must remain stable while working with a liquid volume fraction (LVF) changing over long periods of time. The mixture GVF/LVF affects the static and dynamic forced performance of secondary fl

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Nagai, Keisuke, Kazuki Koiso, Satoru Kaneko, Hiroo Taura, and Yusuke Watanabe. "Numerical and Experimental Analyses of Static and Dynamic Characteristics for Partially Helically Grooved Liquid Annular Seals." Journal of Tribology 141, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4040574.

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Numerical and experimental analyses of the static and dynamic characteristics of the liquid annular seals with axially partial helical grooves were conducted to investigate the effects of the axial length gal of a helically grooved section in a seal stator. The numerical solution and experimental procedures were applied in the same manner as in previous studies on through-helically grooved seals, wherein the grooves extend across the seal length. The numerical results qualitatively agreed with the experimental results, demonstrating the validity of the numerical analysis. The leakage flow rate

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Pekris, Michael J., Gervas Franceschini, Andrew K. Owen, Terry V. Jones, and David R. H. Gillespie. "Analytical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Heating at the Leaf Seal/Rotor Interface." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 139, no. 4 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4034702.

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The secondary air system of a modern gas or steam turbine is configured to satisfy a number of requirements, such as to purge cavities and maintain a sufficient flow of cooling air to key engine components, for a minimum penalty on engine cycle efficiency and specific fuel consumption. Advanced sealing technologies, such as brush seals and leaf seals, are designed to maintain pressures in cavities adjacent to rotating shafts. They offer significant reductions in secondary air parasitic leakage flows over the legacy sealing technology, the labyrinth seal. The leaf seal comprises a series of sta

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Alex Moreland, J., Dara W. Childs, and Joshua T. Bullock. "Measured Static and Rotordynamic Characteristics of a Smooth-Stator/Grooved-Rotor Liquid Annular Seal." Journal of Fluids Engineering 140, no. 10 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4040762.

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Electric submersible pumps (ESPs) utilize grooved-rotor/smooth-stator (SS/GR) seals to reduce leakage and break up contaminants within the pumped fluid. Additionally, due to their decreased surface area (when compared to a smooth seal), grooved seals decrease the chance of seizure in the case of rotor-stator rubs. Despite their use in industry, the literature does not contain rotordynamic measurements for smooth-stator/circumferentially grooved-rotor liquid annular seals. This paper presents test results consisting of leakage measurements and rotordynamic coefficients for a SS/GR liquid annula

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Frączek, Daniel, Włodzimierz Wróblewski, and Krzysztof Bochon. "Influence of Honeycomb Rubbing on the Labyrinth Seal Performance." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 139, no. 1 (2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4034183.

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The aircraft engine operates in various conditions. In consequence, the design of seals must take account of the seal clearance changes and the risk of rubbing. A small radial clearance of the rotor tip seal leads to the honeycomb rubbing in take-off conditions, and the leakage flow may increase in cruise conditions. The aim of this study is to compare two honeycomb seal configurations of the low-pressure gas turbine rotor. In the first configuration, the clearance is small and rubbing occurs. In the second,—the fins of the seal are shorter to eliminate rubbing. It is assumed that the real cle

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