Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct Interest

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct Interest'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 June 2025
Last updated: 11 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct Interest"

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Boehmke, Frederick J., and Daniel C. Bowen. "Direct Democracy and Individual Interest Group Membership." Journal of Politics 72, no. 3 (2010): 659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022381610000083.

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Plotnick, Robert D. "An Interest Group Model of Direct Income Redistribution." Review of Economics and Statistics 68, no. 4 (1986): 594. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1924518.

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Imbriani, Gianluca. "Direct measurements of cross section of astrophysical interest." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 312, no. 4 (2011): 042004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/312/4/042004.

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Vakili, Moghadam Mohammad Hosein. "Reevaluating Plaintiff Criteria and Third-Party Lawsuits in Civil Liability: A Comprehensive Analysis." Journal of Legal Studies 15, no. 4 (2023): 271–98. https://doi.org/10.22099/jls.2023.44322.4773.

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In the realm of civil procedures, the right to bring a lawsuit traditionally hinges upon the claim of the injured party seeking compensation for harm caused by the actions of the defendant. According to this conventional perspective, the initiation of a lawsuit by a third party, without the consent of the injured party, has been deemed inconceivable and lacking legal rationale. This article challenges the fundamentals of this prevailing approach, demonstrating that in specific cases where the beneficiary faces difficulties or is unwilling to engage in legal proceedings, the involvement of a third party as the instigator of the claim can be legally justifiable and desirable.This alternative perspective calls for a reevaluation of existing laws and regulations regarding third-party claims, ultimately enhancing the societal function of liability law and facilitating access to legal procedures for resolving disputes. In addition to addressing the issues and ambiguities associated with this approach, the article also explores potential challenges and solutions for resolving them. In some legal systems, formalizing third-party claims can enhance the effectiveness of the legal framework, better protect citizens, and establish behavioral norms within society.When determining the responsible party in civil liability claims, legal rules have undergone significant changes, resulting in multiple criteria and interpretations for assessing the scope of an individual's responsibility for harmful actions. Today, causation is not solely based on identifying the closest cause, and individuals may consider themselves defendants if they can demonstrate a more reasonable position in preventing harm. Furthermore, the pursuit of damages against individuals with financial advantages or superior risk management capabilities has been defended.Conversely, the criteria for identifying the plaintiff have been less contentious. Despite minimal legal debate regarding the concept of loss and its sustainable forms, civil procedures universally emphasize the requirement of the injured party to initiate a claim. The only accepted basis for determining the plaintiff is that the individual suffered harm due to the defendant's injurious act.The intersection of civil procedures and civil liability is where third-party lawsuits for compensation come into play. Traditionally, the purpose of civil procedures has been to facilitate the compensation of damages through the law of liability, with the injured party serving as the initiator of the legal process and claimant for compensation. Consequently, the initiation of a claim for compensation by a third party has lacked legal rationale and practical viability. However, a reinterpretation of the essentials acknowledges the victim's desire to file a lawsuit. This approach revitalizes the societal role of law and recognizes that, beyond individual-centered aspects of proceedings, third parties may bring claims if the failure of the injured party to do so disrupts social order. Such an approach can deter reckless behavior and the violation of societal norms.While the criterion for identifying the claimant remains fundamental in litigation, it acquires a broader interpretation. Claimant status is extended to any individual who, by informing the legal framework about the occurrence of harm, requests legal proceedings and the sanctioning of the injuring party. Implementing this approach, which offers numerous advantages, necessitates legislative amendments to regulate its use.Based on the arguments presented, it is recommended that legal reforms clarify that the primary rule for seeking compensation is for the injured party to initiate the action. However, if a third party initiates the action, and after verifying the accuracy of the information provided, the court hears the claim by notifying the injured party. Upon confirming the claim's validity, a portion of the compensation will be awarded to the third party. If the victim declines to accept the remainder, it can be allocated to a fund aimed at reducing similar losses in the future.This article explores the possibility of third-party claims for damages as an exceptional and conditional approach with legal advantages. Key questions addressed in this article include the justification of third-party lawsuits based on general principles and rules, their advantages and disadvantages, their validity within Iran's legal system, and potential solutions for harnessing their benefits while mitigating their drawbacks.
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Siregar, Edi. "Interest in Entrepreneurship Students Satya Negara Indonesia University." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (2022): 15329–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.15329ecst.

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This study aims to determine the direct influence and significance of the family environment and entrepreneurship education on student interest in entrepreneurship at the Satya Negara Indonesia University Campus A. The sample in this study was 127 samples using the formula Hair et al. The data methods used were observation and questionnaires. The data analysis used is path analysis and processed with SPSS Version 22. This study concludes that the family environment has a direct and significant effect on self-efficacy, entrepreneurship education has a direct and significant effect on self-efficacy, and the family environment has a direct and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship education has a direct and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship, self-effectiveness has a significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship, family environment has no direct and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship through self, and entrepreneurship education has a direct and significant effect on interest in entrepreneurship through self-efficacy.
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Utama, Chandra, and Rizqianisa Septiani. "Interest Rate Pass-Through: The Case of Indonesia." Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 6, no. 2 (2017): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sjie.v6i2.4819.

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This paper examines the direct and indirect interest rate pass-trough (IRPT) from policy interest rate (BI rate) to banks’ retail interest rates in Indonesia during a full-fledged inflation-targeting regime. We use montly data of policy interest rate (BI rate) as well as interest rates for interbank money market (interbank), deposit, and loan during July 2005 to May 2015. We employ Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) to find the significant of IRPT and the speed of adjustment process of IRPT. The study suggests the existence of direct and indirect IRPT in Indonesia. The change of policy rate is transmitted quicker in the direct channel compared to the indirect channel. However, indirect channel is more stable than the direct channel. We conclude that the direct and indirect IRPT are complementary.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v6i2.4819
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Sweeny, Kate, and Angela M. Legg. "Predictors of interest in direct-to-consumer genetic testing." Psychology & Health 26, no. 10 (2011): 1259–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2010.514607.

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Kenny, Lawrence, and Mark Rush. "SELF-INTEREST AND THE SENATE VOTE ON DIRECT ELECTIONS." Economics and Politics 2, no. 3 (1990): 291–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0343.1990.tb00035.x.

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Hintošová, Aneta Bobenič. "Inward FDI: Characterizations and Evaluation." Encyclopedia 1, no. 4 (2021): 1026–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1040078.

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Foreign direct investment can be defined as an investment made by an entity (usually a company) incorporated in a home country in the business interests of a host country, in the form of either establishing new business operations or acquiring controlling interest in existing business assets. Foreign direct investment is expected to meet the following characteristics: (1) the capital movement is typically accompanied by further technological, material, information, financial or personnel flows; (2) the foreign direct investor effectively controls facilities abroad; and (3) the investor has a long-term interest in the host country.
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Susetyo, Didik. "Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment (Fdi) in Indonesia: Short Term and Long Term." Modern Economics 33, no. 1 (2022): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/modecon.v33(2022)-10.

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Abstract. Introduction. Foreign capital flows have an important role in a sustainable Indonesian economy, these flows have a significant influence on developing countries, especially Indonesia to encourage increased economic growth. This study focuses on analyzing the determination of macroeconomic variables including economic growth, interest rates, rupiah exchange rates, and the number of residents who subscribe to cellular phones. Purpose. This study focuses on long-term analysis of macroeconomic variables in determining foreign direct investment (FDI). Results. The findings of this study indicate that in the short term economic growth has a positive and significant effect on foreign direct investment. while the rupiah exchange rate, interest rate,s and the number of residents who subscribe to cellular phones have a negative and significant effect on foreign direct investment. while in the long term economic growth has a positive but not significant effect on foreign direct investment. while the interest rate and the number of residents who subscribe to cellular phones have a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, the rupiah exchange rate in the long term has a negative and significant effect. Conclusions. Based on the short-term estimation, Economic Growth has a positive and significant effect on Foreign Direct Investment. Meanwhile, the Rupiah Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, and Number of Residents Subscribing to Cellular Phones have a negative and significant effect on Foreign Direct Investment and Based on the long-term estimation, Economic Growth has a positive but not significant effect on Foreign Direct Investment. Meanwhile, the interest rate and the number of residents who subscribe to cell phones have a positive and significant effect. Meanwhile, the Rupiah Exchange Rate in the long term has a negative and significant effect.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct Interest"

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Olsson, Sanna, and Gustaf Jungnelius. "The impact of Sweden ́s Negative Repo Rate on FDI : A quantitative analysis of how Sweden’s monetary policy has affected foreign direct investments." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-46242.

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Sweden’s central bank implemented a negative interest rate policy (NIRP) in 2015, one year after adopting a zero-interest rate policy. Due to the monetary policy’s untested framework,experts are divided on the effectiveness of such a policy as well as its fortitude when faced with an economic recession. The lack of research on how the interest rate affects various economic metrics has left ample room for analysis and discussion on the subject. The aim ofthis thesis is to analyze how Sweden’s monetary policy has affected the flow of foreign directinvestments (FDI). Specifically, the paper will be focused on discovering the effect of theRiksbank’s negative repo rate policy on net FDI inflows between 2006 and 2017. Our quantitative analysis found no significant relationship between Sweden’s repo rate and itsFDI inflows. However, significance was found in the variables exchange rate, research and development expenditures, corporate taxes, and wages.
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Tshweza, Ikho. "Public interest considerations under the Competition Act No. 89 of 1998 and the effect on Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46010.

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Gaspar, João Victor Santos Costa. "The impact of real estate market in financial stability : commercial banks exposure." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/30728.

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Dissertação de mestrado em Economia, apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Hélder Sebastião.<br>This paper studies key factors and spillovers concerning the real estate market connection to the banking system, in four very different European countries. Nowadays, banks are strongly engaged in housing related activities, therefore changes in real estate value most probably have a non-trivial impact on bank´s profitability, either through direct investment or due to housing related loans. Using monthly data since 2000 until 2014 for four countries (France, Portugal, Sweden and United Kingdom) I found evidence that indeed the real estate is an important factor when one measures the costs and profits related to the banking system, it is also noticed that direct banking investment in this sector or massive engagement in mortgages related loans, are variables more important to control than the interest rate, for these European cases. My findings also suggest that the monetary policy in Europe should take into account this relationship between banking and the real estate market.
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Celep, Saziye Betul. "Stochastic Volatility And Stochastic Interest Rate Model With Jump And Its Application On General Electric Data." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613192/index.pdf.

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In this thesis, we present two different approaches for the stochastic volatility and stochastic interest rate model with jump and analyze the performance of four alternative models. In the first approach, suggested by Scott, the closed form solution for prices on European call stock options are developed by deriving characteristic functions with the help of martingale methods. Here, we study the asset price process and give in detail the derivation of the European call option price process. The second approach, suggested by Bashki-Cao-Chen, describes the closed form solution of European call option by deriving the partial integro-differential equation. In this one we g ive the derivations of both asset price dynamics and the European call option price process. Finally, in the application part of the thesis, we examine the performance of four alternative models using General Electric Stock Option Data. These models are constructed by using the theoretical results of the second approach.
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Anwar, Qaiser. "Optical Navigation by recognition of reference labels using 3D calibration of camera." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-18453.

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In this thesis a machine vision based indoor navigation system is presented. This is achieved by using rotationally independent optimized color reference labels and a geometrical camera calibration model which determines a set of camera parameters. All reference labels carry one byte of information (0 to 255), which can be designed for different values. An algorithm in Matlab has been developed so that a machine vision system for N number of symbols can recognize the symbols at different orientations. A camera calibration model describes the mapping between the 3-D world coordinates and the 2-D image coordinates. The reconstruction system uses the direct linear transform (DLT) method with a set of control reference labels in relation to the camera calibration. The least-squares adjustment method has been developed to calculate the parameters of the machine vision system. In these experiments it has been demonstrated that the pose of the camera can be calculated, with a relatively high precision, by using the least-squares estimation.
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Balúch, Pavel. "Synergetika a samoorganizace v ekonomice." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232672.

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The master thesis focuses at analysis and research of synergy and self-organization in economics. The motivation for the thesis was joining Czech Republic and other nine countries to the European Union on May 1st, 2004. The primary aim was to analyse the problem and on a model example,assuming "ceteris paribus", confirm or refute the thought, that joining the European Union has positive synergic effect for newcomers. The second meaning of synergy is solved as a sub-problem in the master thesis, where the use of synergy in logistics was analysed and opportunities improving the current situation were suggested.
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Wellman, Caroline E. "Negotiated Regulation: The Ohio Livestock Care Standards Board As a Model Regulatory Process." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1302375241.

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Moura, Silvio. "A relação entre taxa de câmbio, investimento direto estrangeiro e taxa de juros." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9444.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:52:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silvio Moura.pdf: 3104342 bytes, checksum: b7f112704d9906e75b491f46318f1c32 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-12<br>The exchange rate is a major key due to its myriad consequences it waves on the economy such as: effect on monetary policy, effects on economic growth, effects on the trade balance, among many others. Using a time series sample from January / December 2000/2013 and the variables exchange rate, interest rates and foreign direct investment, econometric tests were modeled trying to build relationships using vector autoregression model (VAR) and co-integrated vectors (VEC). The Central Bank of Brazil and its relation with the agents in the economic has high power to influence the behavior of the exchange rate. Therefore, it is not only a matter of import and export of goods and services. The formation of the exchange rate is much more complex than simple commercial transactions. Due to the high value of the interest rate in Brazil, it is used as a form of arbitration so that the agents have the maximum profit on this issue, which makes targeting the exchange rate price an even more complex process. The results show a positive relationship between the three variables, both in the short and long term. Although the exchange rate showed a low (but positive) effect on foreign direct investment. It is expected, since this type of variable has a greater impact in the long than in the short term. The interest rate has an inverse behavior on the exchange that is when one goes up (down) the other falls (rises). This can be explained due to the different functions that the interest rate has on the economy, not limited only to control the exchange rate<br>Em termos gerais, taxa cambial representa um dos principais preços de uma economia em razão das várias consequências que provoca: efeitos na política monetária, efeitos sobre o crescimento econômico, efeitos sobre a balança comercial, entre outros. Tendo como base amostral o período de janeiro/2000 a dezembro/2013 e as variáveis câmbio, taxa de juros e investimento direto estrangeiro, foram estabelecidas relações econométricas via modelagem por vetores autorregressivos (VAR) e vetores cointegrados (VEC) para a série temporal em questão. O Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) e sua relação com os agentes econômicos tem alto poder para influenciar no comportamento da taxa de câmbio. Portanto, não se trata apenas de uma relação de importação e exportação de produtos e serviços. A formação da taxa de câmbio é muito mais complexa do que as simples transações comerciais. Como no Brasil a taxa de juros tem valor elevado, ela é utilizada como forma de arbitragem fazendo com que os agentes tenham o máximo de lucro nesta questão, o que torna o direcionamento da taxa de câmbio ainda mais impreciso. Os resultados apontam para uma relação positiva entre as três variáveis, tanto no curto quanto no longo prazo, embora o câmbio tenha apresentado um efeito baixo (mas positivo) no investimento direto estrangeiro. Isso é o que se espera, já que este tipo de variável tem um impacto maior no longo prazo. Já a taxa de juros mostra um comportamento inverso em relação à taxa de câmbio. O fato pode ser explicado em razão das diversas funções que a taxa de juros exerce sobre a economia, não se limitando apenas ao controle da taxa cambial
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Peck, Philip. "Interest in material cycle closure exploring evolution of industry's responses to high-grade recycling from an industrial ecology perspective /." Lund, Sweden : Lund University, International Institute for Industrial Environmental Economics, 2003. http://www.library.adelaide.edu.au/cgi-bin/director?id=V1097514.

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Steiner, Renata Carlos. "Interesse positivo e Interesse negativo: a reparação de danos no direito privado brasileiro." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2131/tde-20082016-121314/.

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Ainda que inexistente um mandamento legal expresso no Direito brasileiro, é intuitivo pensar a responsabilidade civil a partir da recondução da parte levada a um estado hipotético na qual estaria não fosse o evento que obriga à reparação. Esse pensamento, reiterado na afirmação de que a indenização deve reconstituir (mesmo que de maneira aproximativa) o status quo ante, corresponde à função compensatória da responsabilidade civil. Ocorre, porém, que no que toca ao dano patrimonial ocorrido no iter negocial (ou seja, na responsabilidade pré-negocial ou na negocial) haveria de se anotar que a situação hipotética sem o dano nem sempre é anterior ao evento lesivo, podendo ser posterior a ele. É o que se passa, com evidência, na indenização pelo equivalente ao descumprimento contratual, em que se confere ao credor lesado algo que ele não possuía antes, em lugar do cumprimento da obrigação. É essa dualidade de direcionamentos, vinculada a uma fórmula comparativa de obtenção do dano indenizável, que compõe o significado das expressões interesse (contratual) positivo e interesse (contratual) negativo. No primeiro caso, reconduz-se o lesado a uma situação positiva em relação ao contrato, que se poderia chamar de ad quem. Ela corresponde à situação em que o lesado estaria se o contrato houvesse sido adequadamente cumprido. No segundo caso, reconduz-se a parte a uma situação negativa em relação ao contrato, que se poderia chamar de a quo. Corresponde, por sua vez, à situação em que estaria não houvesse iniciado as negociações voltadas ao contrato. A dualidade representada por esse par de conceitos, proposto originalmente por Rudolf von Jhering em meados do século XIX, é ainda pouco explorada no Direito brasileiro, embora não se possa qualificá-la como desconhecida. Os conceitos mostram-se não apenas plenamente compatíveis com a regras de responsabilidade civil nacionais, como extremamente úteis à solução de problemas centrais localizados no diálogo entre esse ramo do Direito Civil e o Direito dos Contratos. É nesse locus que a tese se desenvolve, para sustentar a aplicabilidade dessa distinção ao Direito Privado brasileiro como, essencialmente, uma nova forma de pensar o dano in contrahendo e o dano contratual. A lógica da aplicação dos conceitos permite revisitar a forma pela qual usualmente se enxerga a relação jurídica de reparação e, não apenas, também reaviva a compreensão de aspectos essenciais da transformação do Direito das Obrigações, os quais compõem, em grande medida, o substrato da aplicação da distinção. Para tanto, buscou-se inicialmente fomentar a apresentação teórica do interesse positivo e do interesse negativo estudando seu significado, seus desenvolvimentos teóricos e sua adequação ao Direito brasileiro ao que se segue a proposição de sua aplicação. Dada as limitações do texto, essa depuração é realizada estritamente no âmbito da responsabilidade pela não formação do contrato (responsabilidade pré-negocial) e da responsabilidade negocial propriamente dita, compondo a segunda parte do trabalho.<br>Despite the absence of any express rule to this effect in Brazilian Law, it is nevertheless intuitive to think of civil liability as a commandment to restore the parties to the position each would have enjoyed if the event giving rise to liability had never occurred. This understanding of civil liability is frequently expressed as the idea that damages should bring the aggrieved party to the status quo ante, by way of compensating him for the damages suffered. In regards to material damages suffered during the contractual iter (i.e. in precontractual liability or in liability for breach of contract), one should notice that the hypothetical situation on which the party would be without the occurrence of damages is not always a situation that existed previous to its occurrence. That is exactly what occurs in damages in lieu of performance, by which the aggrieved party receives compensation for something he in fact never had before. This duality of directions can be understood by the expressions expectation interest and reliance interest. According to the former, the plaintiff must be placed in a positive situation vis-à-vis the contract, a status that can be called ad quem. In other words, the plaintiff will get his benefit of the bargain, and will obtain what he would have received if the contract had been correctly performed. According to the latter, the aggrieved party must be placed in a negative situation vis-à-vis the contract, which can be called an status a quo. This seeks to recreate the situation in which the plaintiff would have been if the contract had never even been formed or its negotiations had never been initiated. This way of thinking about damages or this pair of concepts was originally proposed by Rudolf von Jhering in the mid-nineteenth century. While its application is still little explored in Brazilian Law, it is not completely unknown to the Brazilian jurisprudence. Both of these theories as to the proper function of civil liability are compatible with Brazilian liability rules, and may indeed represent extremely useful solutions to some fundamental problems in modern discourse on civil liability rules and the law of contracts. It is precisely at here that this thesis is developed, advocating for the full applicability of the foregoing concepts in the Brazilian Private Law, thereby leading to a new way of thinking about damages, both in contrahendo and in contractu. The inherent logic of both concepts allows not only to revisit the usual framework by which the law of damages is considered and applied, but also underlines some major transformations in the Law of Obligations. In order to prove its suitability, this thesis initially presents the theoretical foundations of expectation interest and reliance interest, and reviews the meaning and development of these concepts in the context of examining their compatibility with Brazilian law. This is followed by an argument proposing the application of these theories in situations involving both precontractual liability and breach of contract.
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Books on the topic "Direct Interest"

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Agency, Benefits, ed. Mortgage interest direct: For all income support staff. HMSO, 1993.

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United States. Bureau of the Public Debt, ed. Interest income reporting for marketable Treasury securities: Treasury Direct. 2nd ed. Dept. of the Treasury, Bureau of the Public Debt, 2001.

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United States. Bureau of the Public Debt., ed. Interest income reporting for marketable Treasury securities: Treasury Direct. 2nd ed. Dept. of the Treasury, Bureau of the Public Debt, 2001.

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1940-, Crawley William, ed. Satellites over South Asia: Broadcasting, culture, and the public interest. Sage Publications, 2001.

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1940-, Crawley William, ed. Satellites over South Asia: Broadcasting, culture and the public interest. Oxford University Press, 2001.

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Boehmke, Frederick J. The indirect effect of direct legislation: How institutions shape interest group systems. Ohio State University Press, 2006.

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Office, General Accounting. Guaranteed student loans: Lenders' interest billings often result in overpayments : report to congressional committees. The Office, 1988.

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L, Barer M., Bhatia Vandna, Evans Robert G. 1942-, Stoddart Greg L. 1948-, and Ontario. Premier's Council on Health, Well-being and Social Justice., eds. The remarkable tenacity of user charges: A concise history of the participation, positions, and rationales of Canadian interest groups in the debate over "direct patient participation" in health care financing. Premier's Council on Health, Well-being and Social Justice, 1994.

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Harrison, Peter John. The Internet direct connect kit. Programmers Press, 1994.

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Brown, Herbert E. Cases in direct marketing. 2nd ed. NTC Business Books, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Direct Interest"

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Nownes, Anthony J. "Direct Lobbying." In Interest Groups in American Politics, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003282617-5.

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Eichenberger, Steven, and Frédéric Varone. "Interest Groups and Direct Democracy." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_86-1.

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Eichenberger, Steven, and Frédéric Varone. "Interest Groups and Direct Democracy." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44556-0_86.

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Nasrullah, Nakib Mohammad, and Mia Mahmudur Rahim. "Protecting FDI and National Interest." In Regulating Foreign Direct Investment for Development. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003469117-6.

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Kölliker, Alkuin. "A Double Integration Policy Divide: Votes and Interest Group Recommendations in Switzerland." In Direct Democracy in Europe. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-90579-2_3.

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Tamada, Dai. "Conflict of Interests: Liberalisation of Foreign Direct Investment Versus Security Interest." In SpringerBriefs in Economics. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5960-5_9.

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Sloof, Randolph. "Campaign Contributions or Direct Endorsements?" In Game-theoretic Models of the Political Influence of Interest Groups. Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-5307-3_4.

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Boehmke, Frederick J. "The Initiative Process and Interest Group Attention to Legislative Activity." In Direct Democracy’s Impact on American Political Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230612020_6.

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Tolbert, Caroline, and Daniel Bowen. "Electoral Supply and Demand: Direct Democracy Campaigns, Political Interest, and Participation." In Direct Democracy’s Impact on American Political Institutions. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230612020_3.

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Morina, Fisnik, Djellza Loci, and Fitim Deari. "VAR Analysis Between Interest Rates and Foreign Direct Investment Inflows in OECD Countries." In Economic Recovery, Consolidation, and Sustainable Growth. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42511-0_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Direct Interest"

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Bain, Jeremy. "Computational Comparisons between FW-H and Direct Acoustic Predictions." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11350.

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Acoustic calculations are made for a three blade single and dual rotors in hover using conventional acoustic analogy and directly from the CFD solver. The acoustic results directly from overset CFD solver with high order finite-difference schemes were able to produce remarkably similar results to the acoustic analogy solver out to ten radii. In the near field, the results directly from the solver were substantially higher than the acoustic analogy calculations. The off body grid density was increased to improve the resolution at up to ten radii away from the rotor. The computed results showed no numerical dissipation as long as there were at least four grid points per acoustic wavelength. Minimal dissipation was seen with at least two grid points with large numerical dissipation for less than one grid point per wavelength. The dual rotor results showed very similar patterns of acoustic constructive and destructive interference. The regions of interference showed some difference between the methods. Overall, acoustic computations directly from the CFD solver are shown to be comparable to conventional acoustic analogy computations while also having the ability to directly account for complex geometry. Grid density does need to be increased for the direct acoustic calculation but the overall increase can be limited to only the direction of interest. High frequency results at higher multiples of the blade passage frequency require greater grid density limiting direct calculations to the lower blade frequencies.
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Kannan, Balaji, Tsukasa Mizuhara, Christophe Grenier, Teesta Dasgupta, Brian Okerberg, and Rebekah Wilson. "Waterborne Direct-to-Metal Coating Application Development for Bridge Applications." In CONFERENCE 2023. AMPP, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2023-19032.

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Abstract The development of environmentally-friendly corrosion resistant coatings (reducing total volatile organic content (VOC) in coating) and sustainable coating processes (reducing need for multilayered coatings) are some of major area of focus in the coatings industry [1]. One area of particular interest to the DoD and Army Corps of Engineers is the refurbishment of existing infrastructure (such as metal buildings, bridges and water towers) with new and sustainable coating technologies In this work, the corrosion performance of waterborne coatings under development is assessed by combination of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and accelerated corrosion testing (ASTM B-117) and benchmarked against some of existing solvent borne coating technologies. Among different WB technologies tested (polyurethane, acrylic etc), the polyurethane technologies showed good performance in both corrosion testing and barrier properties measurements.
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McQueen, Mark, Will Burks, Virgil Wallace, and Ray Hicks. "A Quantitative Probabalistic Approach to External Corrosion Direct Assessment Using Structural Reliability Analysis." In CORROSION 2003. NACE International, 2003. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2003-03192.

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Abstract External Corrosion Direct Assessment (ECDA), a process used to determine the integrity of a pipeline system, is rapidly gaining interest within the industry. However, there is still much conjecture as to which techniques are more informative and reliable, yet cost effective when compared to in-line inspection (ILI) and hydrostatic testing (HT). This paper describes an ECDA methodology for achieving an acceptable level of pipeline integrity and provides a case study whereby ECDA was used to establish the integrity of a pipeline system.
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Zaman, Tanzina, and Abdel Bayoumi. "Estimation of Economic Effectiveness of HUMS Equipped AH-64 Aircraft: An ROI Approach." In Vertical Flight Society 72nd Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11516.

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Cost-benefit analysis has always been a prime requirement to demonstrate the success of Condition-based Maintenance (CBM) practice in Army rotorcraft (Apache, Blackhawk, Kiowa, and Chinook, etc.). This study investigates whether the benefit of CBM practice in AH-64 aircraft over a 14-year period overweighs the investment cost. The benefit is calculated in terms of direct cost and operating cost analyzing maintenance logs and flight records. Direct cost is calculated in monetary value but operating cost is first calculated in hours and then converted into a monetary value. The direct and operating costs are addressed as replacement part cost, maintenance test flight cost, partial mission capable maintenance cost, and not-mission capable supply cost. All the cost categories show a clear indication of cost savings over the period of interest and the calculated ROI is 742% which stands as a sole indicator of economic effectiveness of CBM practice.
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Fuxman, Ariel, Anitha Kannan, Zhenhui Li, and Panayiotis Tsaparas. "Enabling direct interest-aware audience selection." In the 21st ACM international conference. ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2396761.2396836.

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Arbuthnot, Alice. "First direct, "little frill"." In SIGGRAPH '15: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2745234.2746853.

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Montesdeoca, Santiago, Hock Soon Seah, Davide Benvenuti, et al. "Direct 3D stylization pipelines." In SIGGRAPH '17: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3098333.3098339.

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Sabbioni, Luca, Marcello Restelli, and Andrea Prampolini. "Fast direct calibration of interest rate derivatives pricing models." In ICAIF '20: ACM International Conference on AI in Finance. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3383455.3422534.

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Ganguly, Arundhuti, Stephen Rudin, Daniel R. Bednarek, Kenneth R. Hoffmann, Chang-Ying J. Yang, and Zhou Wang. "Direct-conversion flat-panel detector for region-of-interest angiography." In Medical Imaging 2001, edited by Larry E. Antonuk and Martin J. Yaffe. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.430949.

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Yang, Shiyuan, Liang Hou, Haibin Huang, et al. "Direct-a-Video: Customized Video Generation with User-Directed Camera Movement and Object Motion." In SIGGRAPH '24: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. ACM, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3641519.3657481.

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Reports on the topic "Direct Interest"

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Bernal, Richard L. Chinese Foreign Direct Investment in the Caribbean: Potential and Prospects. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009313.

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China has recently become the third largest source of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the world and is a major source of development aid for developing countries, including those in the Caribbean. The capital flows it provides have taken the form of loans to governments to finance infrastructure projects and to expand production of oil and other raw materials. There have been indications of interest in further investment in the Caribbean from Chinese enterprises and entrepreneurs. This is driven by both state policy, which seeks to more actively integrate China into the global economy, and enterprise-level interests by both state and private enterprises. Caribbean governments have generally been receptive to prospective incoming FDI. This paper identifies the instances of Chinese FDI in the Caribbean to date and discusses the potential for further investment, highlighting opportunities in agriculture, tourism, manufacturing, mining, infrastructure, and fishing. The factors influencing the emergence of Chinese FDI in the Caribbean include: the ongoing learning process by both investors and the governments of host countries; the performance of vanguard companies; transnational ethnic business networks; the local business environment; and the policies of Caribbean governments.
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Fernandez, Andres, Adam Gulan, and Roberto Chang. Bond Finance, Bank Credit, and Aggregate Fluctuations in an Open Economy. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0007009.

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Corporate sectors in emerging market economies have increased noticeably their reliance on foreign financing, presumably reecting low global interest rates. This trend has largely reflected increased bond issuance by emerging economies' firms, in contrast to the bank loans that dominated capital flows in the past. To shed light on these developments, we develop a stochastic dynamic model of an open economy in which the levels of direct versus intermediated finance are determined endogenously. The model embeds the static, partial equilibrium model of Holmström and Tirole (1997) into a dynamic general equilibrium setting. It generates an increase in both bonds and loans following an exogenous drop in world interest rates; also, the ratio of bonds to loans increases because bank credit becomes relatively more expensive, reflecting the scarcity of bank equity. These implications are in line with empirical observations and highlight the role of equity in the adjustment process. More generally, the model is suitable for studying the interaction between modes of finance and the macroeconomy, and is of independent interest.
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Gingerich, Daniel. When to Protect? Using the Crosswise Model to Integrate Protected and Direct Responses in Surveys of Sensitive Behavior. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009229.

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The applied social sciences have witnessed a growing use of sensitive survey techniques (SSTs) to study the relationship between facets of an individuals background and his propensity to engage in sensitive behavior. The rationale undergirding the use of these techniques is the assumption that the rate of misrepresentation and/or nonresponse under direct questioning among individuals bearing the sensitive trait would be so high as to make the use of direct questioning infeasible. But is this indeed the case? Presently available methodological tools do not provide an answer. The current paper presents a survey questioning strategy and corresponding statistical framework that simultaneously addresses the question of whether or not the use of a SST is required to study a given sensitive behavior, provides an estimate of the prevalence of the sensitive behavior in the population of interest, and, in its extended form, describes how individual characteristics relate to the likelihood of engaging in the behavior.
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Borgwardt, Stefan, Marco Cerami, and Rafael Peñaloza. Subsumption in Finitely Valued Fuzzy EL. Technische Universität Dresden, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.212.

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Aus der Einleitung: Description Logics (DLs) are a family of knowledge representation formalisms that are successfully applied in many application domains. They provide the logical foundation for the Direct Semantics of the standard web ontology language OWL2. The light-weight DL EL, underlying the OWL2 EL profile, is of particular interest since all common reasoning problems are polynomial in this logic, and it is used in many prominent biomedical ontologies like SNOMEDCT and the Gene Ontology.
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Gómez, Andres, Kimberley Landrigan, Elizabeth Nichols, and Stefanie Siller. Biodiversity Conservation and Human Health. American Museum of Natural History, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5531/cbc.ncep.0140.

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The connections between biodiversity and human health have become a focus of recent attention and research as anthropogenic causes have led to an unprecedented loss of global biodiversity. Using the World Health Organization’s Ecosystems program, this module reviews biodiversity-human health linkages, both direct (e.g., food) and indirect (e.g., waste removal), as well as the potential conflicts of interest between biodiversity conservation and human health (e.g., reduction in disease vectors from forest clear-cutting). These linkages are not clear-cut and often leave much to consider in planning conservation programs.
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Niles, Kendall, Jason Ray, Kenneth Niles, Andrew Maxwell, and Anton Netchaev. Monitoring for analytes through LoRa and LoRaWAN technology. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/49457.

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The purpose of this research is to investigate the use of a communication network utilizing Long Range (LoRa) low-power wide-area network protocol for the telemetry of detected target chemicals. The sensor platform under development allows traditional electrochemical techniques to be executed with a low Size, Weight, and Power (low SWaP) system that is deployable using an autonomous or remote-controlled vehicle. Once in the field, the sensors communicate target chemical concentrations to a centralized gateway through LoRa to an Internet of Things (IoT) network. Researchers are currently deploying the prototype network for field testing of each node's sensing, meshing, and communication capabilities throughout all weather climates. Developing a robust and dynamic sensor network to monitor the environment and provide a live data feed to detect chemicals of interest in the environment eliminates the need for direct human interaction. The low power consumption of LoRa allows the network nodes to be deployed for an extended amount of time on a single battery supply.
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Kelly, Luke. Direct and Indirect Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Women and Girls. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.141.

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This rapid literature review finds that women have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 in several ways. As the Covid-19 pandemic began, it was widely predicted that women would face worse outcomes than men in many spheres. This was based on evidence of pre-existing inequalities (e.g. the high share of women in informal work) and evidence from earlier disease outbreaks such as Ebola. Evidence from the past year and a half supports the idea that women have been disproportionately affected by Covid-19 in many of the issues investigated for this report. A wide-ranging World Bank review of evidence from April 2020 to April 2021 states that “women often appear to have lost out more than men economically and socially” (Nieves et al., 2021, p. 4). It was not possible to find evidence on the effect of Covid-19 on women’s role in the green economy and the effects of climate change (beyond calls for inclusive green growth), or on gender stereotyping in the media (although there is a small amount of literature on perceptions of women leaders during the pandemic). In all cases, the effect of Covid-19 and measures to suppress it have directly or indirectly continued or worsened pre-existing inequalities. In some instances, Covid-19 has created distinct difficulties for women (e.g. lockdowns and increased domestic violence). This report has found no evidence of Covid-19 improving the position of women in the areas of interest surveyed, beyond possible benefits from working from home for some women in high-income countries; and some suggestions that female leadership during the pandemic may lead to better perceptions of women (Piazza &amp; Diaz, 2020). Studies also point to the intersection of gender with other factors, such as caste and ethnicity, leading to worse outcomes (Chen et al., 2021; Kabeer et al., 2021). In many cases, migrant women and women with disabilities are at an increased disadvantage. The report focuses on evidence from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and G7 members. It is not comprehensive but surveys the available evidence focusing on global, regional or synthesis evidence to provide a more representative coverage. It, therefore, does not cover every context or provide any country case studies and overlooks variations in some countries in favour of broader trends.
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Gonzalez, Logan, Christopher Baker, Stacey Doherty, and Robyn Barbato. Ecological modeling of microbial community composition under variable temperatures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48184.

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Soil microorganisms interact with one another within soil pores and respond to external conditions such as temperature. Data on microbial community composition and potential function are commonly generated in studies of soils. However, these data do not provide direct insight into the drivers of community composition and can be difficult to interpret outside the context of ecological theory. In this study, we explore the effect of abiotic environmental variation on microbial species diversity. Using a modified version of the Lotka-Volterra Competition Model with temperature-dependent growth rates, we show that environmentally relevant temperature variability may expand the set of temperature-tolerance phenotype pairs that can coexist as two-species communities compared to constant temperatures. These results highlight a potential role of temperature variation in influencing microbial diversity. This in turn suggests a need to incorporate temperature into predictive models of microbial communities in soil and other environments. We recommend future work to parameterize the model applied in this study with empirical data from environments of interest, and to validate the model predictions using field observations and experimental manipulations.
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Hassan, Tarek A., Jesse Schreger, Markus Schwedeler, and Ahmed Tahoun. Country Risk. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp157.

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We construct new measures of country risk and sentiment as perceived by global investors and executives using textual analysis of the quarterly earnings calls of publicly listed firms around the world. Our quarterly measures cover 45 countries from 2002-2020. We use our measures to provide a novel characterization of country risk and to provide a harmonized definition of crises. We demonstrate that elevated perceptions of a country's riskiness are associated with significant falls in local asset prices and capital outflows, even after global financial conditions are controlled for. Increases in country risk are associated with reductions in firm-level investment and employment. We also show direct evidence of a novel type of contagion, where foreign risk is transmitted across borders through firm-level exposures. Exposed firms suffer falling market valuations and significantly retrench their hiring and investment in response to crises abroad. Finally, we provide direct evidence that heterogeneous currency loadings on global risk help explain the cross-country pattern of interest rates and currency risk premia.
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Hausmann, Ricardo. Dealing with Negative Oil Shocks: The Venezuelan Experience in the Eighties. Inter-American Development Bank, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011540.

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The Venezuelan experience in the 1980s is a particularly fertile ground for the analysis of negative shocks. Two large shocks took place under very different control regimes, thus highlighting the role the institutional setting plays in determining the response. Moreover, the experience can shed a different light into the convenience of alternative exchange rate regimes for countries subject to large and frequent trade shocks. In addition, the analysis can be simplified for two reasons. First, oil shocks only have direct effects on the public sector, thus implying that it is the policy reaction to the shock that will affect households and firms. Secondly, the supply response of the oil industry is not of macroeconomic interest.
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