Journal articles: 'Direct marketing – United States'

1

Morganosky, Michelle A., and John Fernie. "Mail Order Direct Marketing in the United States and the United Kingdom." Journal of Business Research 45, no. 3 (July 1999): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0148-2963(97)00239-7.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Burghardt, Raymond F. "The United States and Vietnam." Journal of Macromarketing 32, no. 1 (October 13, 2011): 152–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146711423667.

Full text

Abstract:

US and Vietnamese relations have progressed remarkably since diplomatic relations between the two countries were normalized in 1995. The purpose of this essay is to reflect on this progress and to consider implications for the future. Trends suggest the United States and Vietnam will continue to cooperate closely and pragmatically on matters of trade and foreign direct investment, education, public health and well-being, and strategic interests, including military cooperation. While these trends are viewed as beneficial to both countries, they also are considered important to the regional balance of power, as China continues to increase its influence in Southeast Asia and beyond.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

W. Keep, William, and Peter J. Vander Nat. "Multilevel marketing and pyramid schemes in the United States." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 6, no. 2 (May 13, 2014): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-01-2014-0002.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the evolution of direct selling – a retail channel that successfully sold products ranging from cosmetics to radios to automobiles – to multilevel marketing (MLM), an industry now apparently heavily reliant on selling to itself. As the courts have found some MLM companies to be pyramid schemes, the analysis includes the overlap between the legal MLM model and an illegal pyramid scheme. Design/methodology/approach – The development of direct selling in the USA was examined, followed by the factors contributing to the design and growth of the MLM model and its non-commission-based compensation structure. Then, the key legal decisions regarding illegal pyramid schemes operating under the guise of MLM, the relative stagnation of direct selling and the state of the MLM industry were examined. Findings – As the MLM model operates on the dual premise of retailing through a network of distributors and recruiting new distributors to do the same, it was found that federal regulators and the courts consistently focus on the “retail question” – the existence and extent of sales to consumers external to the distributor network. The authors argue that without a significant external customer base, internal consumption by an ever-churning base of participants resembles neither employee purchases nor a buying club. Social implications – As the MLM model facilitated the growth of pyramid scheme fraud, creating victims rather than customers, this research highlights successful efforts to regulate this type of consumer fraud. Originality/value – Few papers have been written on MLM and pyramids schemes, and none thus far has taken an historical perspective.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ganz, Ollie, Lyubov Teplitskaya, Jennifer Cantrell, Elizabeth C. Hair, and Donna Vallone. "Direct-to-Consumer Marketing of Cigar Products in the United States." Nicotine & Tobacco Research 18, no. 5 (September 16, 2015): 864–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntv190.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Taylor, Charles R., George R. Franke, and Michael L. Maynard. "Attitudes toward Direct Marketing and its Regulation: A Comparison of the United States and Japan." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 19, no. 2 (September 2000): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.19.2.228.17127.

Full text

Abstract:

The authors propose that the high-context nature of Japanese communication and the collectivistic nature of Japanese culture have an impact on attitudes toward direct marketing and its regulation. The results of a survey of Japanese and U.S. university students suggest that certain types of direct marketing messages are less effective in Japan than in the United States. The results also indicate a greater willingness by Japanese respondents to support regulation of direct marketing practices. The authors discuss managerial implications of the findings for multinational marketers and advertisers and suggest public policy implications for direct marketing in Japan.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Warrington, Traci. "U.S. Marketers Play Catch-Up With Text-Message Marketing Usage." Review of Business Information Systems (RBIS) 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/rbis.v11i1.4429.

Full text

Abstract:

While the use of text-message (or SMS) marketing is widely used in marketing campaigns in countries like Singapore, China, England, and Norway, U.S. marketers have been slow to adopt this new technology. As text message use increases in the United States marketers are beginning to explore its use as part of the marketing communications mix. Marketers are finding text-message marketing a valuable direct marketing tool that can be used to send one-way or two-way communications that aid in direct response marketing and database development. From providing in-the-moment data such as driving directions, located-based promotions, movie times and such to building excitement, viral communications, and brand recognition through two-way communication, text-message marketing has value. This paper examines the use of text-message marketing, reasons for slow adoption in the U.S., and the future of text-message marketing in the United States.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Petkus, Jr., Ed. "Value-Chain Analysis Of Prohibition In The United States, 1920-1933: A Historical Case Study In Marketing." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 4, no. 8 (July 1, 2011): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v4i8.4800.

Full text

Abstract:

The federal ban on the manufacture, distribution, and sale of alcoholic beverages in the United States from 1920-1933 provides a unique and fascinating context for understanding fundamental marketing processes. The most direct pedagogical outcome of this case is the application of value-chain marketing dynamics within the context of Prohibition. Students will also be made aware of the importance and relevance of understanding marketing history, and the role of marketing in history. This case study is primarily intended for use in intermediate (e.g., Retailing/Distribution) or advanced (e.g., Marketing Management) marketing courses, but is adaptable for introductory courses (e.g., Principles of Marketing).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ulgado, Francis M. "Location decision-making characteristics of foreign direct investment in the United States." International Business Review 6, no. 3 (June 1997): 271–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-5931(97)00004-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kasoff, Mark J., Mary Ellen Benedict, and Stacy Lauer. "Canadian Direct Investment in the United States: An Ohio Perspective." Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences / Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration 14, no. 2 (April 8, 2009): 178–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1936-4490.1997.tb00127.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Powers, Devon. "Thinking in trends: the rise of trend forecasting in the United States." Journal of Historical Research in Marketing 10, no. 1 (February 19, 2018): 2–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhrm-09-2016-0021.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The paper examines the birth of trend forecasting in the USA and position trend forecasters and professional futurists within the wider history of marketing, market research and advertising. Design/methodology/approach The study is based upon archival research, interviews and close readings of primary and secondary literature. Findings Trend forecasters split from traditional market and opinion research in the early 1970s, as concerns about the future became paramount for businesses. At this time, entrepreneurial trend forecasters such as Faith Popcorn started firms, adopting futurological methods to make predictions about the future of culture. The field continued to grow into the 1990s as it developed or modified a host of mostly qualitative research methods, including environmental scanning, consumer ethnography and scenarios. Trend forecasting reveals the complexity of the relationship between business and “the future” and how trends aimed to predict as well as direct that future. Originality/value The article is among the first academic treatments of trend forecasting, drawn from original interviews and exclusively accessed archival research. It contributes to a theory and a history of the concept of a trend, which is understood here as a way to package the movement of culture as sellable. It likewise offers a unique exploration of the relationship between futurology and business.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Bandyopadhyay, Soumava, Robert A. Robicheaux, and John S. Hill. "Cross-Cultural Differences in Intrachannel Communications: The United States and India." Journal of International Marketing 2, no. 3 (September 1994): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9400200305.

Full text

Abstract:

Findings of a comparative study of intrachannel communication in marketing channels in the United States and India are presented. Two factors—the cultural environment and the degree of relational-ism in channel relationships—were posited to affect the nature of supplier-dealer communications. A survey of lighting equipment dealers in the two countries indicated that compared to the U.S. environment, the Indian environment was characterized by greater unidirectional communication from supplier to dealer, lower communication frequency, greater use of formal communication modes, and greater supplier use of direct influence strategies. A relational channel structure neutralized the differences in communication patterns due to cultural differences, however.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Yuen, Yee Yen, Paul HP Yeow, and Nena Lim. "Internet banking acceptance in the United States and Malaysia: a cross-cultural examination." Marketing Intelligence & Planning 33, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 292–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mip-08-2013-0126.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the cultural differences in internet banking adoption between the USA and Malaysia. It aims to provide marketing recommendations based on specific cultural dimensions to promote internet banking. Design/methodology/approach – With four added variables (attitude towards use, perceived credibility, self-efficacy, and anxiety), the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model was used. A questionnaire was developed based on the research model and distributed to 1,050 internet banking users from two countries. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was applied to 666 valid questionnaires to test the research hypotheses. Findings – Results show that due to cultural differences, global consumers have different internet banking adoption patterns. Consumers in the USA have a more positive attitude towards use. Moreover, perceived credibility plays an important role in influencing internet banking in the USA. On the other hand, performance expectancy has a direct influence on internet banking adoption in Malaysia. Cultural dimensions such as individualism/collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, monochronic/polychromic, and high context/low context were used to explain these findings. Based on the findings, marketing recommendations that help promote internet banking in both countries were provided. Originality/value – This is the one of the pioneer studies that highlights the importance of cultural differences in promoting internet banking services. It contributes to the literature by developing and testing a comprehensive research model using SEM.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Makowska, Marta. "Controversial advertising of medicines. A comparison between Poland and the United States." Annales. Etyka w Życiu Gospodarczym 21, no. 5 (March 22, 2018): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1899-2226.21.5.06.

Full text

Abstract:

For many years, the subject of aggressive marketing campaigns conducted by pharmaceutical companies has been raised in Poland. Drug ads are everywhere, on television, the radio, magazines and on the Internet. Therefore, it is extremely important is to ensure both their legal and ethical dimension. This article will present the differences between direct-to-consumer advertising of medicines in Poland and in the US. The dissimilarities result mainly from differences in legislation. In Poland, the law is much stricter than in the US. For example, in the United States companies are allowed to advertise prescription drugs directly to patients. In the whole of the European Union, and thus in Poland, it is strictly prohibited. The article will also present other regulations existing in Poland and in the United States and it will compare them. It will offer examples of violations of the law and ethics in the advertising of medicine in both countries. Lastly, it will briefly outline the negative consequences of unacceptable pharmaceutical marketing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Hardesty, Shermain D., and Penny Leff. "Determining marketing costs and returns in alternative marketing channels." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 25, no. 1 (November 18, 2009): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170509990196.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDirect marketing is a popular marketing practice among smaller producers in the United States. We conducted detailed case studies of three organic farming operations of different sizes and compared their marketing costs and profitability in alternative marketing channels. We classified marketing-related activities into three categories: packing and storage, transportation, and selling and administration. By measuring the costs for labor, purchased goods and services, and capital assets associated with these marketing activities, we determined that there are significant variations in marketing costs across marketing channels. For each of our three case-study farms, marketing costs per dollar of revenue were lowest in the wholesale channel and highest in the farmers' market channel. Significant labor costs for the selling activity and transportation expenses offset the higher prices and minimal packaging costs associated with farmers' markets. Profitability can also be significantly affected by marketing factors, such as packing and grading standards, and product that is used for sampling and consumer premiums. Our research demonstrates that the higher prices that producers earn from direct marketing rather than wholesaling are not pure profit; the price premiums are compensation for the costs they incur when direct marketing their produce. Direct marketing channels, such as farmers' markets and Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs), can enable smaller farmers to build financially viable operations, by gaining access to markets, growing their farming operations and reducing their marketing risk. However, to achieve this success, farmers must manage their marketing costs as well as their production costs.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Kumar, Supriya, Jessica Duell, Amy Soergel, and Robbie Ali. "Towards direct marketing of produce by farmers in India: Lessons from the United States of America." Journal of International Development 23, no. 4 (June 30, 2009): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jid.1600.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Liou, Kuo-Tsai. "Foreign Direct Investment in the United States: Trends, Motives, and the State Experience." American Review of Public Administration 23, no. 1 (March 1993): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027507409302300101.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Olsen, J. L. "Chestnut Production in the Northwestern United States." HortTechnology 10, no. 2 (January 2000): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.10.2.296.

Full text

Abstract:

The chestnut (Castanea Mill.) industry in the northwestern United States is in its relative infancy, with most orchards being less than 10 years of age. Currently there are an estimated 300 acres (121 ha) in Oregon and Washington. California has about 500 acres (202 ha) in chestnuts. Current worldwide production is over 500,000 tons (435,600 t). China is the leading producer with 40%, followed by Korea at 15%. Italy, Turkey and Japan grow 10% each, while France, Greece and Spain grow 4% each. The United States, Chile, Argentina, New Zealand and Australia each grow less than 1%. The value of chestnuts imported into the United States is estimated to be $10 to 15 million annually. Domestic producers hope to displace some of the imported chestnuts in the marketplace. The leading variety being grown in the western United States is `Colossal,' a hybrid between european chestnut (C. sativa Mill.) and japanese chestnut (C. crenata Gillet). `Dunstan' hybrids are chestnut blight (Cryphonectria parasitica Murr.) resistant, and were bred in Florida using chinese chestnut (C. mollisima Blume) and american chestnut (C. dentata Marsh. Borkh.) parentage. Prices received by chestnut producers in the northwestern United States have ranged from $1.20 to $7.00/lb ($2.64 to $15.40/kg). The marketing of chestnuts has been through brokers into wholesale markets, farmers markets, mail order and direct sales through catalogues and World Wide Web sites.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Trevino, Len J., and Robert Grosse. "An analysis of firm-specific resources and foreign direct investment in the United States." International Business Review 11, no. 4 (August 2002): 431–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-5931(02)00018-5.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Tookes, Jennifer Sweeney, and Tracy Yandle. "“You Can’t Catch ‘Em and Sell ‘Em”: Perceptions of Obstacles to Direct Marketing among Georgia Fishers." Human Organization 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/1938-3525-80.2.162.

Full text

Abstract:

Direct marketing of seafood is a promising avenue for seafood sales in the United States, utilizing local foods venues such as farmers markets and Community Supported Fisheries (CSFs). While interest in locally sourced seafood among local foods communities in Atlanta and Athens, Georgia is high, fishers from coastal Georgia have not filled this profitable niche. We investigate why this opportunity is not exploited by conducting qualitative interviews with twenty-one fishers. Fishers described numerous obstacles to direct marketing, focused on the simultaneous labor investment in on-shore and “on the water” efforts. In addition, fishers’ concerns reveal the financial and social risks that fishers would undertake by attempting to sell seafood outside of their existing economic arrangements with docks. This relationship echoes the understudied patron-client relationships described in fisheries in Southeast Asia. We conclude with a recommendation for modifying direct marketing expectations to accommodate successful integration of seafood.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Maille, Virginie, Elodie Gentina, and Zhen Li. "The influence of social belonging and creativity on the immoral consumption behaviors of new adolescents: A cross-cultural study of 16–24 year olds." Recherche et Applications en Marketing (English Edition) 36, no. 3 (April 8, 2021): 70–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20515707211001762.

Full text

Abstract:

Why do adolescents engage in immoral consumer behavior, like changing a price or lying for a discount? Based on the theory of the need for social belonging, a study of 1,326 Brazilian, Chinese, American, and French adolescents aged 16–24 demonstrates the coexistence of two opposing relationships between belonging to a peer group and judgment of immoral consumption behavior: a direct relationship in which adolescents who feel most integrated are those whose judgment is the most severe, but also an indirect relationship, in which social belonging increases creative self-efficacy, which in turn makes the subject more forgiving of immoral behavior. The respective weights of direct and indirect paths vary with national culture, here the country of residence, and the value of individualism/collectivism. In Brazil and China, which have collectivist cultures, the direct path dominates. In the United States and France, which are more individualistic, the path is indirect.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Sergius Koku, P. "The learned intermediary doctrine: the case of advertising medicine and medical devices in the United States." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 8, no. 3 (August 26, 2014): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-08-2013-0049.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine a unique marketing and legal problem that manufacturers of prescription drugs and medical devices face in the USA, under the theory of “overpromotion” and the Learned Intermediary Doctrine (the LID), and suggests a solution to the problem. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses a critical review of the literature and decided legal cases to analyze the problem of direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription drugs and medical devices under the LID and “overpromotion” doctrines. Findings – The study suggests a different approach to advertising drugs that divides the audiences into primary and secondary targets to immunize drug and medical device manufacturers against liability. Research limitations/implications – Because the laws guiding advertising are different in different countries, the findings of this study are relevant only to the US market. Practical implications – The paper gives practical guidance on an alternative communication strategy that could immunize drugs and medical device manufacturers against liability. Originality/value – The study uses knowledge of law and marketing to tackle an issue that, even though is useful and relevant, is rarely discussed in the marketing literature.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Smith, Diane, Weiwei Wang, Lisa Chase, Hans Estrin, and Julia Van Soelen Kim. "Perspectives from the Field: Adaptions in CSA Models in Response to Changing Times in the U.S." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113115.

Full text

Abstract:

Representing three states in the United States, the authors describe approaches and practices of direct-to-consumer markets from their combined experience of 40 plus years of working with Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), beginning in the early years of skepticism about the CSA model to the periods of rapid growth and optimism followed by today’s challenges regarding market saturation, competition from mainstream foods, complex logistics, and cultural disconnect. Through Cooperative Extension appointments in California, Vermont, and Washington, the authors have supported farmers as they have adopted CSA models and then adapted these models in response to changing consumer demand. This article examines the term and concept of CSA and how it has evolved in practice in different parts of the United States and at times been misused and co-opted for marketing purposes. We explore recent variations on the CSA model, including Farm Fresh Food Boxes (F3B), and discuss economic factors, marketing considerations, environmental stewardship, and community connections. The article concludes with projections for the future of CSA and the importance of maintaining authentic and beneficial relationships between farmers and consumers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Pomeranz, Jennifer L., and Jennifer L. Harris. "Federal Regulation of Infant and Toddler Food and Drink Marketing and Labeling." American Journal of Law & Medicine 45, no. 1 (March 2019): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098858819849991.

Full text

Abstract:

Foods and beverages marketed for infants, babies, and toddlers through 3 years of age is a $7 billion industry in the United States, incorporating a wide range of products, including infant formula and other types of drinks, foods, and snacks. The World Health Organization (“WHO”) found that mothers “are often inundated with incorrect and biased information” from direct advertising, health claims on products, information packs from sales representatives, and the distribution of samples of infant formula and “educational materials” by infant formula manufacturers. To address these problematic practices, in 1981, the WHO established the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes (the “Code”) to end the inappropriate marketing of infant formula and other food and drinks intended for children up to age two. In 2016, WHO expanded the definition of breastmilk substitutes to include milk and milk products specifically marketed for feeding infants and young children up to age three. However, the United States is one of a minority of countries that has not passed any legislation or regulation to implement the Code. Furthermore, U.S. regulation and enforcement actions have not kept pace with the introduction of new products and product categories and the profusion of labeling and marketing claims questionably implying nutritional and developmental benefits from these products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Kjellberg, Hans, and David Olson. "Joint markets." Marketing Theory 17, no. 1 (September 22, 2016): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470593116658203.

Full text

Abstract:

Combining previous work on market formation and regulation with a case study of the emerging legal cannabis markets in the United States, we develop the argument that interrelations to other markets contribute significantly to constitute the social systems of regulated markets. Specifically, market interrelations enacted during legitimation and regulation influence who becomes involved in the market formation process and direct attention to specific issues in that process. After successfully (re)regulating a market, new interrelations are enacted via practices borrowed from historic, parallel and auxiliary markets, and via material influences based on complementarity and substitutability. While these multiple interrelations to other markets complicate market delineation, they are also a historical precondition for it.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Westgate, J. Chris. "David Hare's Stuff Happens in Seattle: Taking a Sober Account." New Theatre Quarterly 25, no. 4 (November 2009): 402–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x09000682.

Full text

Abstract:

As The Power of Yes, the third play by David Hare to document recent history, opens at London's National Theatre, J. Chris Westgate examines in this article Hare's Stuff Happens in a regional production in the United States, at Seattle's A Contemporary Theater in 2007. He tracks the emphasis placed on controversy during the advertising and marketing of the play, which stands in direct contrast to the response to the play, which was received with self-satisfaction rather than increased insight in this highly liberal city. From this contrast, he discusses the way that this production of Hare's play – and the play itself – fails to produce controversy because it never holds those actually attending US productions as accountable for the Iraq War. Controversy, then, becomes a marketing device rather than a way of challenging the status quo. J. Chris Westgate is Assistant Professor in English and Comparative Literature at California State University, Fullerton. He has recently edited an anthology of essays entitled Brecht, Broadway, and United States Theatre and has published articles in Modern Drama, Theatre Journal, and The Eugene O'Neill Review.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Nirwan, Rajinder S., Thomas A. Albini, Jayanth Sridhar, Harry W. Flynn, and Ajay E. Kuriyan. "Assessing “Cell Therapy” Clinics Offering Treatments of Ocular Conditions using Direct-to-Consumer Marketing Websites in the United States." Ophthalmology 126, no. 10 (October 2019): 1350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.03.019.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Kim, Tongil “TI”, and Diwas KC. "Can Viagra Advertising Make More Babies? Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Public Health Outcomes." Journal of Marketing Research 57, no. 4 (April 28, 2020): 599–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022243720914271.

Full text

Abstract:

Although product advertising has been widely studied and understood in relation to the consumer’s purchase decision, advertising may also have unintended but important societal and economic consequences. In this article, the authors examine a public health outcome—birth rate—associated with advertisements for erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs. Since the United States loosened regulations on direct-to-consumer television advertising for prescription drugs in 1997, ED drug makers have consistently been top spenders. By comparing advertising data with multiple birth data sets (patient-level hospital data from Massachusetts between 2001 and 2010 and micro birth certificate data from the United States between 2000 and 2004), the authors demonstrate that increased ED drug television advertising leads to a higher birth rate. Their results, which are robust with respect to different functional forms and falsification tests, show that a 1% increase in ED drug advertising contributes to an increase of .04%–.08% of total births. Their findings suggest that beyond the customer purchase decision, advertising can have important public health outcomes, with resulting implications for managerial decision making and policy formulation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Beam, A. L., D. D. Thilmany, R. W. Pritchard, L. P. Garber, D. C. Van Metre, and F. J. Olea-Popelka. "Distance to slaughter, markets and feed sources used by small-scale food animal operations in the United States." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 1 (April 28, 2015): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000441.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractDistances to common production and marketing supply chain destinations may vary, and this has economic and animal health implications for small-scale food animal operations. Proximity to these destinations can affect the economic viability and marketing decisions of small-scale operations and may represent significant barriers to sustainability. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey conducted by the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System in 2011 using a stratified systematic sample of 16,000 small-scale (gross annual farm sales between US$10,000 and 499,999) operations from all 50 states. A total of 7925 food-animal operations were asked about the farthest one-way distance (in miles) to slaughter facilities, destinations where they sold animals or products, and feed sources. Across all small-scale operations, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance animals or products were transported for sale was 241 km (150 miles) or less. For distance to slaughter facilities, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 145 km (90 miles) or less. For feed shipped by a supplier, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 322 km (200 miles) or less. The 95th percentile for distance increased as farm sales increased, indicating larger operations were more likely to travel long distances. The results of this study are an important benchmark for understanding the economic and animal health implications of long transportation distances for operations that are small and/or focused on direct marketing.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Kelley, Dennis, Joshua Klatte Coner, and Marjorie A. Lyles. "Chinese foreign direct investment in the United States: Location choice determinants and strategic implications for the State of Indiana." Business Horizons 56, no. 4 (July 2013): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2013.03.005.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Hlubocky, Fay J., Daniel F. McFarland, Patricia A. Spears, Laura Smith, Bonnie Patten, Jeffery Peppercorn, and Randall Holcombe. "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising for Cancer Centers and Institutes: Ethical Dilemmas and Practical Implications." American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, no. 40 (May 2020): e207-e217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_279963.

Full text

Abstract:

In the United States, many cancer centers advertise their clinical services directly to the public. Although there are potential public benefits from such advertising, including increased patient awareness of treatment options and improved access to care and clinical trials, there is also potential for harm through misinformation, provision of false hope, inappropriate use of health care resources, and disruption in doctor–patient relationships. Although patient education through advertising is appropriate, misleading patients in the name of gaining market share, boosting profits, or even boosting trial accrual is not. It is critical that rigorous ethical guidelines are adopted and that oversight is introduced to ensure that cancer center marketing supports good patient care and public health interests. Patients with cancer have been identified as an especially vulnerable population because of fears and anxiety related to their diagnosis and the very real need to identify optimal sources of care. Cancer organizations have a fiduciary duty and a moral and legal obligation to provide truthful information to avoid deceptive, inaccurate claims associated with treatment success. In this article, actionable recommendations are provided for both the oncologist and the cancer center’s marketing team to promote ethical marketing of services to patients with cancer. This tailored guidance for the oncology community includes explicit communication on (1) ensuring fair and balanced promotion of cancer services, (2) avoiding exaggeration of claims in the context of reputational marketing, (3) providing data and statistics to support direct and implied assertions of treatment success, and (4) defining eligible patient groups in the context of marketing for research. These recommendations for cancer centers are designed to promote ethical quality marketing information to patients with cancer.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

POPP, RICHARD K. "The Anywhere, Anytime Market: The 800-Number, Direct Marketing, and the New Networks of Consumption." Enterprise & Society 19, no. 3 (May 25, 2018): 702–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/eso.2017.68.

Full text

Abstract:

This article explores how 800-service, or toll-free long-distance (In-WATS) lines, became an institutionalized part of direct marketing in the United States between the mid-1960s and early 1980s. Introduced by AT&T in 1967, 800-service attracted immediate attention in mail-order circles, where marketers saw it as means of automating long-distance selling and catering to an increasingly decentralized and credit-dependent populace. Although early initiatives, like that of catalog giant Aldens, fell flat, 800-service gained traction by the mid-1970s as a call-center industry developed and mail-order operations began using In-WATS lines in combination with bank-issued credit cards and private delivery services. By decade’s end, this trio of networks—long-distance telephony, credit/payment, and parcel delivery—were densely interwoven, forming the infrastructural basis for a new kind of “anywhere, anytime,” upscale shopping exemplified by the newly refashioned Spiegel. Ultimately, the article helps historicize the rise of electronic retailing and the marketization of telecommunications infrastructure.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Hoek, Janet, and Philip Gendall. "Direct-to-Consumer Advertising down Under: An Alternative Perspective and Regulatory Framework." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 21, no. 2 (September 2002): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.21.2.202.17586.

Full text

Abstract:

Only the United States and New Zealand allow direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription medicines. The authors outline the evolution of DTCA in New Zealand and the development of an industry-based self-regulatory system. The authors examine the concerns raised about self-regulation of DTCA, evaluate the evidence related to these, and identify issues that require further attention to strengthen the model currently used. The authors conclude that a self-regulatory approach, complemented by parallel government monitoring, provides an efficient, responsive system for promoting responsible and ethical DTCA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Mackey, Tim K., and Janani Kalyanam. "Detection of illicit online sales of fentanyls via Twitter." F1000Research 6 (November 2, 2017): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12914.1.

Full text

Abstract:

A counterfeit fentanyl crisis is currently underway in the United States. Counterfeit versions of commonly abused prescription drugs laced with fentanyl are being manufactured, distributed, and sold globally, leading to an increase in overdose and death in countries like the United States and Canada. Despite concerns from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency regarding covert and overt sale of fentanyls online, no study has examined the role of the Internet and social media on fentanyl illegal marketing and direct-to-consumer access. In response, this study collected and analyzed five months of Twitter data (from June-November 2015) filtered for the keyword “fentanyl” using Amazon Web Services. We then analyzed 28,711 fentanyl-related tweets using text filtering and a machine learning approach called a Biterm Topic Model (BTM) to detect underlying latent patterns or “topics” present in the corpus of tweets. Using this approach we detected a subset of 771 tweets marketing the sale of fentanyls online and then filtered this down to nine unique tweets containing hyperlinks to external websites. Six hyperlinks were associated with online fentanyl classified ads, 2 with illicit online pharmacies, and 1 could not be classified due to traffic redirection. Importantly, the one illicit online pharmacy detected was still accessible and offered the sale of fentanyls and other controlled substances direct-to-consumers with no prescription required at the time of publication of this study. Overall, we detected a relatively small sample of Tweets promoting illegal online sale of fentanyls. However, the detection of even a few online sellers represents a public health danger and a direct violation of law that demands further study.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Ford, John B., Michael S. LaTour, Scott J. Vitell, and Warren A. French. "Moral Judgment and Market Negotiations: A Comparison of Chinese and American Managers." Journal of International Marketing 5, no. 2 (June 1997): 57–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1069031x9700500205.

Full text

Abstract:

Given the potential of the trading relationship between the People's Republic of China and the United States, insight into the Sino-American market negotiation process has never been more important. This exploratory study compares the Cognitive Moral Development (CMD) and negotiation style of international business people from mainland China with their direct American counterparts. In so doing, insight is gained concerning the cultural underpinnings of the market negotiation process with this very important, yet very foreign, Asian trading partner.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Syed soffian, Sharifah saffinas, Siti maisara Amir, and Faiz Daud. "Direct to Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising – Helpful or Harmful?" ASM Science Journal 15 (May 17, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.32802/asmscj.2021.655.

Full text

Abstract:

While direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) has been legalized in the United States and New Zealand, the prescribed drug marketing has long reached other places in the world including the Asian regions. Behind the successful profit-making pharmaceutical companies, concerns about public health impacts to the patient and physician counterpart have grown. Evidences illustrated that DTCA increases the volume of prescribing amount through patient demand and that the traditional manner of drug prescribing action has changed. However, the quality of health care trade in the relationship between physician and patient often overlooked and compromised. The systematic review analysed eight studies from five identified search engines using PRISMA guidelines. This review findings demonstrate DTCA implication in term of the health literacy, economic impact and relationship between physician and patient. Physician expressed substantial degree of dissatisfying behaviour when challenged with unnecessary need to prescribe drugs demand by patient. The prominent involvement of policymakers in regulating the guideline and controlling delivery of information in any advertisement related to drugs is direly important.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Cohen, Joel B. "Introductory Comments: Direct-to-Consumer Prescription Drug Advertising: Evaluating Regulatory Policy in the United States and New Zealand." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 21, no. 2 (September 2002): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jppm.21.2.172.17581.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Brumfield, Robin G. "Strategies Producers in the Northeastern United States Are Using to Reduce Costs and Increase Profits in Tough Economic Times." HortTechnology 20, no. 5 (October 2010): 836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.5.836.

Full text

Abstract:

The environmental horticulture industry (sometimes referred to as the “green industry”) is usually divided into nursery and floriculture crops. The green industry in the northeastern United States is an important component of agricultural production, with over $2 billion in farm cash receipts, equating to 22.4% of all farm cash receipts in the northeastern United States. It is the number one agricultural commodity in five northeastern U.S. states. Competition in the green industry has become fierce. Many factors have put downward pressure on price. These include the recent volatility of fossil fuels and general energy prices, domestic competition, off-shore production, a weakened and stressed economy, and the growth of the mass market. Nationally, the number of producers continues to decline as a direct result of the newly defined economic risks. The industry's profit margins are typically low, leaving little room for growers to absorb significant increases in costs or decreases in revenues. Unlike farmers who produce field crops, nursery and greenhouse firms bear the entire price, market, and production risks because these crops have had no government support programs. This article will discuss what strategies producers in the northeastern United States are using to reduce costs and increase profits in tough economic times. It will analyze how producers have they honed their marketing and management skills to continue to survive and respond to current trends.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Singh, Jatinder J., Scott J. Vitell, Jamal Al-Khatib, and Irvine Clark. "The Role of Moral Intensity and Personal Moral Philosophies in the Ethical Decision Making of Marketers: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of China and the United States." Journal of International Marketing 15, no. 2 (June 2007): 86–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jimk.15.2.86.

Full text

Abstract:

This study uses cross-cultural samples from the United States and China to replicate previous empirical findings regarding the relationship among moral philosophies, moral intensity, and ethical decision making. The authors use a two-step structural equations modeling approach to analyze the measurement and structural models. The findings partially replicate those from previous studies and provide evidence that the measurement model is somewhat invariant across the two groups studied but the structural model is not. In addition, there is evidence that the relationship between personal moral philosophies (mainly relativism) and moral intensity varies across the two cultures. That is, whereas relativism is a significant predictor of moral intensity for the Chinese sample, it is not for the U.S. sample. However, idealism is a significant predictor of perceived moral intensity for both samples of marketing practitioners. Finally, perceived moral intensity is a significant, direct predictor of ethical judgments, and ethical judgments are a significant, direct predictor of behavioral intentions in both instances.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Walters, S. Alan, Kurt T. Range, Bradley H. Taylor, and Wanki Moon. "Consumer Attitudes for Asian Vegetables in Direct Markets." HortTechnology 18, no. 3 (January 2008): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.3.500.

Full text

Abstract:

Because the demand for Asian vegetables is rapidly increasing in the United States, these crops may provide local market growers new revenue opportunities with high returns per acre. However, consumer attitudes and purchasing habits regarding Asian vegetable crops are poorly understood. Therefore, consumers were surveyed in two direct-market venues (on-farm and farmers market) to measure their familiarity and preferences for Asian vegetables. Attributes that may influence buying decisions such as purchase frequency, consumption behavior, and knowledge of preparation and use were measured. Respondents were generally not familiar with fresh Asian vegetables. Although greater than 80% consumed less than 5 lb per year and less than once per month, the consumers surveyed expressed a strong interest to learn more about these vegetables. Consumers purchased Asian vegetables most often at supermarkets (29.4%) and restaurants (28.1%), and much less at local direct markets (12.5%). Results also indicated that Asians as well as consumers with higher income levels were most likely to consume these vegetables. Thirty-eight percent of consumers strongly indicated that the availability of recipes for various Asian vegetables at direct markets would increase the likelihood for purchase; thus, the opportunity exists to add these vegetables to local production and marketing systems, if recipes were made available at the point-of-purchase.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Zaharia, Noni, Simon Brandon-Lai, and Jeffrey James. "Show Me the Money: On Predicting Actual Purchases in Cross-National Sponsorship." International Journal of Marketing Studies 9, no. 4 (July 28, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v9n4p38.

Full text

Abstract:

The improvements in new media technologies in conjunction with the expansion of innovative opportunities for marketing and consuming sport have played direct roles in the globalization of sport. However, those in the Sport Management academic field are still trying to understand the effect of culture on sport consumer behavior. Guided by Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the purpose of this study was to examine the sponsorship and cross-national relationships among the short-term/long-term orientation and individualism/collectivism cultural dimensions, attitude toward a sponsor, gratitude, purchase intentions, and actual purchases. Data were collected via longitudinal web surveys conducted with soccer fans from the United States, the United Kingdom, and India. The results from a structural equation model provided evidence that the individualism/collectivism cultural dimension had a significant effect on gratitude but not on actual purchases, and that the purchase intentions variable was a predictor of actual purchases.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Letouze, Patrick, and David N. Prata. "Do We Need an Interdisciplinary Approach to Bring Consumers' Desires to e-Market?" International Journal of Information Systems and Social Change 5, no. 2 (April 2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijissc.2014040101.

Full text

Abstract:

In 2012, the internet advertising revenue in the United States of America reached a total of 36.6 billion dollars, a growth of 15.2% when compared to 2011. The efficiency of a marketing strategy relies in the ability to understand and to direct the consumers' desires. In this work, the authors propose an approach that combines the Internet-Based Information Consumer Theory (IBICT) with semiotics to bring consumers' desires to e-Market. Hence, we present IBICT's framework as a collective network set based on a semiotic human-machine approach. For implementation purposes, we propose a text mining architecture towards IBICT's framework, which leads to an IBICT's architecture, and an Interdisciplinary Research Project Management (IRPM) approach to determine IBICT's dimensions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Mackay, Wayne A., Steve George, Tim Davis, Mike Arnold, Dan Lineberger, Jerry Parsons, and Larry Stein. "Texas SuperStars: The Coordinated Educational Marketing Assistance Program in Texas." HortScience 35, no. 4 (July 2000): 565B—565a. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.565b.

Full text

Abstract:

The Coordinated Educational Marketing Assistance Program (CEMAP) is one of the oldest marketing assistance programs for ornamentals in the United States. The goal of this program is to identify outstanding plants for Texas and to provide support for the nursery industry, thereby making plants with superior performance available to the people of Texas. The CEMAP program is a cooperative effort between the Texas nursery industry and Texas A&M Univ. The CEMAP Executive Board has eight individuals representing extension, research, and teaching plus two administrative liasions and the Industry Advisory Board has ≈50 members from all segments of the ornamentals industry in Texas. Funding for the CEMAP program comes from direct industry support and from the public through the sale of plant tags or other promotional materials which bear the Texas Superstars logo. The logo is trademarked and licensed to printing companies who handle the administration of royalties to the program. The Executive Board makes the final decision about which plants are designated Texas Superstars. Promotional support for the plants is provided by CEMAP through point of purchase materials and publicity through print, radio, and television. In addition, the Texas Nursery and Landscape Association in cooperation with the Texas Department of Agriculture are conducting a publicity campaign to inform the public about Texas Superstars.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

King, Philip K., Steven J. Martin, and Eric M. Betka. "Patient Awareness and Expectations of Pharmacist Services During Hospital Stay." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 30, no. 5 (August 31, 2016): 506–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190016665541.

Full text

Abstract:

Background: There are insufficient data in the United States regarding patient awareness and expectations of hospital pharmacist availability and services. Objective: The objective of this research is to assess patient awareness and expectations of hospital pharmacist services and to determine whether a marketing campaign for pharmacist services increases patient awareness and expectations. Methods: Eligible inpatients were surveyed before and after implementation of a hospital-wide pharmacist services marketing campaign (12 items; Likert scale of 1 [strongly disagree] to 4 [strongly agree]; maximum total score of 48) regarding awareness of pharmacist services. The primary outcome was the change in median total survey scores from baseline. Other outcomes included the frequency of patient requests for pharmacists. Results: Similar numbers of patients completed the survey before and after the campaign (intervention, n = 140, vs control, n = 147). Awareness of pharmacist availability and services was increased (41 [interquartile ranges, IQRs: 36-46] vs 37 [IQR 31-43]; P < .001). Patients were 7 times more likely to request a pharmacist following the marketing campaign implementation. Conclusion: Awareness among inpatients of pharmacist services is low. Marketing pharmacist availability and services to patients in the hospital improves awareness and expectations for pharmacist-provided care and increases the frequency of patient-initiated interaction between pharmacists and patients. This could improve patient outcomes as pharmacists become more integrally involved in direct patient care.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

King, Jesse, Leslie Koppenhafer, and Robert Madrigal. "Look, Puppies! A Visual Content Analysis of Required Risk Statements Embedded in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising." Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 40, no. 1 (February 17, 2020): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0743915619889052.

Full text

Abstract:

Direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) on television is a prominent source of information about medical conditions and their potential treatments. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires that DTCA include a major statement presenting the medication’s most important risk information in a fair and balanced manner. However, there is growing concern about the visual content that accompanies this risk information within DTCA major statements. Specifically, the FDA has failed to provide guidance on how to measure DTCA’s adherence to the fair and balanced provision. This research introduces eight metrics organized into three categories to perform a visual content analysis of 230 existing DTCAs. Using these metrics, the authors test for differences in visual content between the major risk statement and the remaining portions of an ad. Our results indicate that the major risk statements of DTCAs feature more positive imagery, visually complex imagery, and motion than other portions of the ads. The authors discuss the implications of these findings for public policy makers, consumers, and marketers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Panzera, Anthony D., Carol A. Bryant, Fran Hawkins, Rhonda Goff, Ashley Napier, Tali Schneider, Russell S. Kirby, et al. "Mapping a WIC Mother’s Journey." Social Marketing Quarterly 23, no. 2 (February 21, 2017): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524500417692526.

Full text

Abstract:

While the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides numerous benefits to many enrolled families across the United States, including access to nutritious foods, some recent drops in maternal participation in Kentucky resulted from failures to retrieve those benefits. We explored perceived benefits of and encountered barriers to food benefit retrieval. Journey mapping included direct observations of client appointments, clinic lobby areas, and a shopping experience and was augmented with focus groups conducted in two urban and two rural areas. Major touchpoints before WIC appointments, during those appointments at clinics, and after appointments when redeeming food benefits were identified. Across touchpoints, mothers identified childcare, transportation issues, long waits, confusion regarding eligibility, problems scheduling appointments, and stigma as barriers to their ability to retrieve food instruments. Despite these barriers mothers value the benefits of WIC, especially access to healthy foods, infant formula, and nutrition education. This work demonstrates a method by which WIC mothers’ experiences shed light on client service shortfalls and possible opportunities to improve client services.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Lee, Ji Young, Dooyoung Choi, and Kim K. P. Johnson. "Identifying attributes motivating appearance management behaviours among young college women: Narcissism, self-efficacy, body attitudes and internalization of beauty ideals." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 00, no. 00 (February 18, 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00059_1.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this research was to investigate a range of individual attributes (i.e. narcissism, self-efficacy, body attitudes and internalization of beauty ideals) as antecedents to young college women’s engagement in both general (non-risky) and risky appearance management behaviours. This study also examined the mediating role of beliefs about the importance of appearance in the relationship between all antecedent variables and engagement in appearance management behaviours. A survey was conducted with female undergraduates (n = 120) who enrolled at a land-grant university in the Midwestern United States. A mediation analysis with PROCESS was conducted to test the direct and indirect relationships among the variables. Exhibitionistic narcissism and internalization of beauty ideals had positive indirect effects on both general (non-risky) and risky appearance management behaviours via beliefs about the importance of appearance. Self-efficacy had a positive direct effect on both general (non-risky) and risky appearance management behaviours, while it had no indirect effect via beliefs about the importance of appearance. Body attitudes had a positive direct effect on general (non-risky) appearance management behaviours only. A mediating role of beliefs about the importance of appearance is discussed. Academic contributions and managerial implications are also discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Gard, Jennifer C., Marni L. Kan, Sarah B. Jones, J. Cassie Williams, W. Douglas Evans, and Kevin C. Davis. "Organizational Use of a Media Campaign Booklet to Encourage Parent–Child Communication about Waiting to Have Sex." Social Marketing Quarterly 17, no. 1 (February 25, 2011): 91–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15245004.2011.547143.

Full text

Abstract:

Promoting parent—child communication through the use of print materials may be an important health communication approach for preventing teen sexual activity in the United States. Although prior work has suggested successful methods of disseminating print materials, research has not examined dissemination approaches across organization types. Understanding the use and dissemination of print materials among different organizations is crucial to guiding materials development in a way that maximizes uptake and effectiveness among consumers. Accordingly, this study examined the use of a booklet for parents that encouraged parent–child communication about waiting to have sex as collateral material for a national media campaign. We interviewed staff at 9 community organizations, 9 health care facilities, 5 school-based organizations, and 3 campaign outreach centers. Results suggested variability within and across organization types regarding use of the booklet. Community and outreach center staff tended to walk through the booklet content with parents; health care facilities and education-oriented organizations usually reported both direct and indirect distribution approaches. Staff identified useful elements of the booklet and made suggestions for dissemination in line with prior research. A better understanding of how print materials are utilized to supplement media campaigns can improve their usefulness and potential influence on health behaviors.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Canziani, Bonnie, Erick Byrd, and James Boles. "Consumer Drivers of Muscadine Wine Purchase Decisions." Beverages 4, no. 4 (December 3, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/beverages4040098.

Full text

Abstract:

Muscadine wine, fresh muscadine grapes, and other derivatives have enjoyed a heritage niche for decades in the Southeast. Muscadine growers in North Carolina in the United States (US) have asked whether the purchase of muscadine wine is linked to consumption of the fruit itself or even familiarity with other muscadine-based products in terms of spillover effects. The authors explored the interdependency between the market for fresh muscadine grapes and muscadine wine purchase. Consumer panel data were obtained from a State of North Carolina agency with oversight of the grape and wine industry; the agency contracted quota sampling of online consumers from six states in the US South. A total of 543 cases were used in the present study. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)® was employed in analysis. Results show that prior muscadine wine knowledge and knowledge of other muscadine products, e.g., jams, juices, smoothies, sauces, and health/beauty products were significant factors associated with buying muscadine wine. Beliefs about muscadine grapes as a healthy ingredient showed a slight influence, while direct experience with fresh muscadines and consumer attitudes towards buying local or US products were insignificant. Therefore, marketing efforts should focus on increasing consumer exposure to and knowledge of muscadine wine and other muscadine related products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Du, Rex Y., and Wagner A. Kamakura. "Where did all that Money Go? Understanding how Consumers Allocate their Consumption Budget." Journal of Marketing 72, no. 6 (November 2008): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.72.6.109.

Full text

Abstract:

All types of consumer expenditures ultimately vie for the same pool of limited resources—the consumer's discretionary income. Consequently, consumers’ spending in a particular industry can be better understood in relation to their expenditures in others. Although marketers may believe that they are operating in distinct and unrelated industries, it is important to understand how consumers, with a given budget, make trade-offs between meeting different consumption needs. For example, how much would escalating gas prices affect consumer spending on food and apparel? Which industries would gain most in terms of extra consumer spending as a result of a tax rebate? Answers to these questions are also important from a public policy standpoint because they provide insights into how consumer welfare would be affected as consumers reallocate their consumption budget in response to environmental changes. This study proposes a structural demand model to approximate the household budget allocation decision, in which consumers are assumed to allocate a given budget across a full spectrum of consumption categories to maximize an underlying utility function. The authors illustrate the model using Consumer Expenditure Survey data from the United States, covering 31 consumption categories over 22 years. The calibrated model makes it possible to draw direct inferences about the trade-offs individual households make when they face budget constraints and how their relative preferences for different consumption categories vary across life stages and income levels. The study also demonstrates how the proposed model can be used in policy simulations to quantify the potential impacts on consumption patterns due to shifts in prices or discretionary income.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Levens, Michael. "The Influence of Organic Product Classification On Charitable Contributions Embedded in Retail Prices." Economics and Culture 14, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jec-2017-0003.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Research on embedding direct charitable contributions into purchase transactions through increasing product price has revealed mutual benefits for charitable organisations and for-profit companies. This process is referred to as the embedded premium (EP). The potential for this type of mutually beneficial cause marketing has been shown to apply to a wide range of products. The fastest growing product classification in the United States, organic products generally cost more than their non-organic alternatives. The basis of this research is to examine if organic products enhance the utility of EP offerings. Eight different organic and non-organic food products are presented in a 64-block, single choice set design to a national sample of consumers with choice options between current market price and current market price plus 5% price premium with entire premium going directly to charity. The results of the research indicate that organic products with EP were, on an average, chosen almost five percentage points less frequently than similar EP choices involving non-organic products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Direct marketing – United States'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles