Academic literature on the topic 'Direct planting'
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Journal articles on the topic "Direct planting"
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Walworth, J. L., D. E. Carling, and G. J. Michaelson. "Nitrogen Sources and Rates for Direct-seeded and Transplanted Head Lettuce." HortScience 27, no. 3 (March 1992): 228–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.3.228.
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Head lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cv. Salinas was produced in field trials in southcentral Alaska with varying planting dates, planting methods, N sources, and N application rates. Variables measured included head weight and diameter and harvest date. Nitrogen source had little effect on head weight. Direct-seeded lettuce produced heaviest beads from early plantings; transplants produced heaviest heads when planted in mid- to late season. Transplanting generally produced heavier heads than direct-seeding. Head weight of transplanted and direct-seeded lettuce was maximized with ≈112 kg N/ha. The data suggest that 112 kg N/ha may be suitable for lettuce direct-seeded or transplanted throughout the growing season.
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Bevacqua, Robert F., and Dawn M. VanLeeuwen. "Planting Date Effects on Stand Establishment and Yield of Chile Pepper." HortScience 38, no. 3 (June 2003): 357–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.38.3.357.
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Chile pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) yields are highly variable and are strongly influenced by disease and weather. The goal of two field experiments was to evaluate crop management factors, especially planting date, that could contribute to improved and more consistent crop production. Current practice in New Mexico is to direct seed the crop from 13 to 27 Mar. In the first experiment, chile pepper was direct seeded on three planting dates, 13, 20, and 27 Mar. 2000, without or with a fungicide treatment of pentachloronitrobenzene and mefenoxam for the control of damping off. The results indicate planting date had no effect on stand establishment or yield. Fungicide treatment, significantly reduced stand, but had no effect on yield. In the second experiment, chile pepper was direct seeded on six planting dates, 13, 20, 27 Mar. and 3, 10, 17, Apr. 2001, with or without an application of phosphorus fertilizer, P at 29.4 kg·ha-1, banded beneath the seed row. During the growing season, this experimental planting suffered, as did commercial plantings in New Mexico, from high mortality and stunting due to beet curly top virus, a disease transmitted by the beet leafhopper. The results indicate planting date had a significant effect on crop performance. The best stand establishment and highest yield were associated with the earliest planting date, 13 Mar. This date also resulted in the least viral disease damage. Phosphorus fertilizer had no effect on stand establishment or yield. Chemical names used: pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB); (R)-2-[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-methoxyacetylamino]-propionic acid methyl ester (mefenoxam).
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DALE, A. E., and D. S. H. DRENNAN. "Transplanted maize (Zea mays) for grain production in southern England. I. Effects of planting date, transplant age at planting and cultivar on grain yield." Journal of Agricultural Science 128, no. 1 (February 1997): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859696003875.
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Agroclimatic conditions in the UK are not ideally suited to maize (Zea mays L.) as a grain crop. An alternative growing technique to direct-seeded maize was investigated at Reading University over three growing seasons, using four cultivars (Bastion, Ace, Anko and Mirna) of different FAO maturity ratings. In the main trials conducted in 1989 and 1990, seedlings were raised for 15–45 days in a glasshouse and planted in the field between early May and mid-June, at 10 plants/m2. On each planting date, maize kernels of the same cultivars were also sown in the field. At the end of each growing season, transplanted and direct-seeded crops were assessed for grain maturity and grain yield components. Averaged over year and cultivar, transplants matured significantly earlier than direct-seeded maize and tended to give higher grain yields. Their grain dry weights (86% DM) averaged 7·0 t/ha in a preliminary study in 1988, 9·0 t/ha in 1989 and 6·1 t/ha in 1990, whereas those of direct-seeded maize averaged 4·0, 8·0 and 3·0 t/ha, respectively. The highest grain weights resulted from May plantings using 15-day-old seedlings of the late cv. Mirna, and from June plantings using 30-day-old seedlings. Yield benefits from transplanting were not significant in 1989, suggesting that in a very warm season transplants may not necessarily outyield direct-seeded crops. Differences in grain weight between transplanted and direct-seeded maize are discussed with respect to grain moisture content, 1000-grain weight, ear length, and number of grains and grain rows per ear; and applications of maize transplanting for cropping systems are outlined. It is concluded that suitable combinations of cultivar, transplant age at planting and planting date can meet the thermal time requirement for a grain harvest in southern England.
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Boyhan, George E., Juan Carlos Diaz-Perez, Reid L. Torrance, Ronald H. Blackley, and C. Randell Hill. "DIRECT SEEDING VIDALIA ONIONS." HortScience 40, no. 3 (June 2005): 885d—885. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.3.885d.
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The majority of Vidalia onions are produced as a transplanted crop. Seeding in high density plantings in September is followed 8 to 10 weeks later by transplanting to final spacing. This practice is labor intensive and expensive. Direct seeding would save on labor, cost, and time. Traditionally, transplanting has been done because of better winter survival, more uniform stands, and better irrigation management during seedling emergence. Beginning 5 years ago, we began evaluating direct seeding onions. Initially, seedstems (bolting) and lack of uniform stand establishment were the main problems. Sowing in September resulted in almost 100% seedstems and using a belt planter with raw seed resulted in poor singulation for uniform stand establishment. Mid-October ultimately proved to be the best time for sowing Vidalia onion seed. Earlier sowing resulted in more seedstems and later planting did not give the plants sufficient time to grow resulting in later stand loss during cold winter temperatures. Using polymer coated seed and a precision vacuum planter resulted in uniform, even stand establishment. Fertilizer requirements are almost half with direct seeded onions compared to transplanted onions with a reduction in the need for fungicides and herbicides. We have established direct seeded onions both with drip irrigation and overhead irrigation. There was concern that center-pivot irrigation would not be able to sufficiently irrigate fields during seedling establishment with the frequent hot fall days we experience. Since this work was initiated several growers have successfully produced direct seeded onions under center-pivot systems. Direct seeding Vidalia onions requires attention to detail because there is only one opportunity to get it right. Timing is also critical particularly with planting date and herbicide application.
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Walsh, C. S., A. J. Barton, M. Newell, and G. R. Welsh. "Long-term Performance of Asian Pear Trees in Maryland." HortScience 33, no. 3 (June 1998): 548b—548. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.33.3.548b.
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Three Asian pear plantings were set during the past decade. Plantings included an initial cultivar planting on OH × F rootstock, the SE Zonal planting, and a rootstock by cultivar factorial. Fireblight susceptibility and survival were assessed in the first two plantings following a summer hailstorm. Trees were compared to Magness, a blight-tolerant buttery pear. Shin Li, Daisu Li, Shinsui, and Olympic were more resistant than Magness, while Chojuro and Niitaka were nearly as tolerant. Eleven other cultivars showed greater field-susceptibility. The most-susceptible cultivars were Ya Li and Ts'e Li. The third planting, which was managed “organically,” was set at a different University farm. Trees there were precocious and productive. A high percentage of marketable fruit was picked from that planting over a 4-year period. Fireblight damage in this planting was low, despite its “organic” production. Limited damage was attributed to early bloom date, ground cover management, and a lack of insect vectors to transmit the bacteria. Hosui, Seuri and Ts'e Li produced large-sized fruit. Shinko, 20th Century, Ya Li and Shinseiki fruit were too small to be marketable without heavy hand-thinning. Asian pears are an interesting alternative crop which are suited to direct-market enterprises or to specialty growers interested in producing organic fruit in the mid-Atlantic region.
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Bullard, Steven, John D. Hodges, Robert L. Johnson, and Thomas J. Straka. "Economics of Direct Seeding and Planting for Establishing Oak Stands on Old-Field Sites in the South." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 1 (February 1, 1992): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/16.1.34.
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Abstract On old-field sites in the South, oak stands may be established by direct seeding of acorns, or by planting seedlings. Planting seedlings costs approximately 2 1/2 times the cost of direct seeding on a per acre basis, and based on our study of overall costs and returns, we conclude that in most cases the additional costs of planting are not justified by the additional benefits. Direct seeding is therefore an economically viable alternative to planting, although success with seeding requires careful selection of species/site combinations and proper seed handling and storage. South. J. Appl. For. 16(1):34-40.
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Kimura, A., A. Kondo, and K. Mochizuki. "A STUDY ON THE SAR DATA OBSERVATION TIME FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTING CONDITION OF PADDY FIELDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b8-927-2016.
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In recent years, cultivation methods of rice have been diversified due to the low cost of rice-growing techniques. For example, there is direct sowing of seed rice in paddy field in addition to the practice of usual paddy field to flooding at the time of planting. The yield of the usual paddy field and the direct sowing is different even though the same varieties are grown in the same area. It is necessary to grasp by performing classification for the usual paddy field or direct sowing for the management of agricultural crops. The main objective of this study was to select the observation time for the classification of paddy fields’ planting conditions by utilizing Synthetic Aperture Radar TerraSAR-X satellite. The planting conditions included the usual planting of rice, the direct sowing of rice and the soybean. We selected the observation time by the statistical distance of the microwave backscattering in each paddy field for maximizing the planting condition classification. In addition, the satellite data observation timing considered the processing time of the analysis and the acquisition costs. The acquisition was performed 4 periods from 2 periods in the rice growing season and the planting phase. In the current study, we were able to classify the usual planting of rice, the direct sowing of rice and the soybean by TerraSAR-X data for the later planting of rice during mid-May and initial growth of rice in early June.
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Kimura, A., A. Kondo, and K. Mochizuki. "A STUDY ON THE SAR DATA OBSERVATION TIME FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTING CONDITION OF PADDY FIELDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B8 (June 23, 2016): 927–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b8-927-2016.
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In recent years, cultivation methods of rice have been diversified due to the low cost of rice-growing techniques. For example, there is direct sowing of seed rice in paddy field in addition to the practice of usual paddy field to flooding at the time of planting. The yield of the usual paddy field and the direct sowing is different even though the same varieties are grown in the same area. It is necessary to grasp by performing classification for the usual paddy field or direct sowing for the management of agricultural crops. The main objective of this study was to select the observation time for the classification of paddy fields’ planting conditions by utilizing Synthetic Aperture Radar TerraSAR-X satellite. The planting conditions included the usual planting of rice, the direct sowing of rice and the soybean. We selected the observation time by the statistical distance of the microwave backscattering in each paddy field for maximizing the planting condition classification. In addition, the satellite data observation timing considered the processing time of the analysis and the acquisition costs. The acquisition was performed 4 periods from 2 periods in the rice growing season and the planting phase. In the current study, we were able to classify the usual planting of rice, the direct sowing of rice and the soybean by TerraSAR-X data for the later planting of rice during mid-May and initial growth of rice in early June.
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Harivandi, M. Ali, William L. Hagan, M. Zak Mousli, and Lin Wu. "Establishing Hard Fescue from Sod." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0088.
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Stand establishment of direct-seeded hard fescue (Festuca longifolia) is slow. Sodding could speed establishment in landscape plantings. This study looked at the effects of two sod thicknesses and different rates of nitrogen fertilization before and after sodding, on stand establishment and overall turf quality. Evaluations 2, 4 and 8 weeks after sodding assessed rooting and overall turf quality. Thicker sod showed better rooting 4 weeks after planting; after 8 weeks, rooting of both thicknesses was similar. Nitrogen fertilization before or after sodding did not affect rooting. More nitrogen led to better overall turf quality up to 4 weeks after planting; however, this quality difference disappeared 8 weeks after sodding.
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Stanturf, John A., and Harvey E. Kennedy. "Survival and Growth of Planted and Direct-Seeded Cherrybark Oak in South Carolina." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 20, no. 4 (November 1, 1996): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/20.4.194.
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Abstract Five treatments were used to evaluate the survival and growth of planted 2-0 cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) seedlings and seedlings grown from direct-seeded acorns of cherrybark oak. The treatments included: (1) deep-planted, top-pruned, (2) deep-planted, not top-pruned, (3) shallow-planted, top-pruned, (4) shallow-planted, not top-pruned, and (5) acorns direct-seeded. Survival was not affected by treatments. Planting depth and pruning did not affect survival of planted seedlings. The root collar of seedlings was placed about 1 ft below the groundline in the deep-planted treatments; however, after 5 yr these seedlings had survived as well as those in the shallow-planting treatments where the root collar was set at or near the groundline. Seedlings from the irect-seeded acorns were significantly smaller after 5 yr than planted seedlings. There were no differences in the size of seedlings in the planting treatments. Seedlings were 1.0 to 1.5 ft shorter when pruned after planting than the unpruned seedlings and grew more in height during the 5 yr period than the unpruned seedlings. South. J. Appl. For. 20(4):194-196.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct planting"
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Chick, Hiu-lai. "Direct seeding of native species for reforestation on degraded hillsides in Hong Kong." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://sunzi1.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31194539.
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Campidelli, Oscar [UNESP]. "Substituição da Brachiaria decumbens pela Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em sistema de plantio direto." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90588.
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O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção da Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu semeada na palhada da Brachiaria decumbens. O experimento foi instalado em condição de campo, no ano agrícola 2005/06, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu/UNESP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. As parcelas foram implantadas com espaçamento único de 15 cm entre linhas. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: tratamento 1 (T1 - dessecou-se a B. decumbens e aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e 30 dias depois aplicou-se uma subdosagem com 2 Lha-1 e após 2 dias efetuo-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente), tratamento 2 (T2 - aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e imediatamente fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente), tratamento 3 (T3 - fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente e imediatamente aplica-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato), e tratamento 4 (T4 - aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e após 2 dias fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha com 20 kgha-1 de semente). Foram avaliados a cobertura morta proporcionada pela B. decumbens sobre o solo e o percentual de cobertura verde da Brachiaria brizantha, bem como sua matéria verde e seca, aos 30, 50 e 70 dias após semeadura (DAS). A quantidade de matéria morta cobrindo o solo aos 30, 50 e 70 dias após a semeadura (DAS), da Brachiaria brizantha, apresentou resultados negativos para a germinação, emergência, produção de massa verde e seca e porcentagem de cobertura verde, da mesma, nos tratamentos T2, T3 e T4, e um melhor resultado para o T1. Desta forma, pode- 2 se concluir que o melhor manejo é dessecar a cultura antecessora 30 dias ou mais, antes da semeadura da nova cultura.
The present research aimed at to evaluate the production of Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu sowed in the palhada of the Brachiaria decumbens. The experiment was installed in field condition, in the agricultural year 2005/06, in Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu / UNESP. The treatments were set as a complete randomized experiment, with five repetitions. The portions were implanted with only spacing of 15 cm among lines. The applied treatments were: treatment 1 (T1 - the B. decumbens was desiccated and it was applied 6 Lha-1 of glifosato and 30 days later a dosage was applied with 2 Lha-1 and after 2 days make her the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1), treatment 2 (T2 - 6 Lha-1 of glifosato was applied and immediately it was made the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1), treatment 3 (T3- it was made the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1 and immediately 6 Lha-1 of glifosato is applied), and treatment 4 (T4 - 6 Lha-1 of glifosato was applied and after 2 days it was made the sowing of B. brizantha with 20 seed kgha-1). They were appraised the proportionate covering for B. decumbens on the soil and the percentage of green covering of the B. brizantha, as well as his green and dry matter, to the 30, 50 and 70 days after sowing (DAS). The amount of dead matter covering the soil to the 30, 50 and 70 days after the sowing (DAS), of the Brachiaria brizantha, it presented negative results for the germination, emergency, production of green and dry mass and percentage of green covering, of the same, in the treatments T2, T3 and T4, and a better result for T1. This way, it can be 4 concluded that the best handling is to desiccate the culture predecessor 30 days or plus, before the sowing of the new culture.
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Cenci, Eduardo. "Rural technology adoption and its impacts: direct planting system in Sao Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13634.
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This paper investigates the adoption of the Direct Planting System (DPS) in Brazil, a rural technology whose adoption is widely promoted because of benefits, both private and social, it allegedly delivers. This study relies on recent evidence on the determinants of adoption of this technology to investigate its impacts using a large panel of microdata of farm units in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We explore variations in geographic locations and soil characteristics to construct instruments for adoption in order to identify the impacts of this adoption in agricultural outputs, in land allocations and in other production decisions. Although evidence of productivity gains remains uncertain, we do find significant impacts of DPS adoption in land allocations and production decisions.
Este trabalho investiga a adoção do Sistema de Plantio Direto (SPD) no Brasil, uma tecnologia rural bastante promovida devido aos benefícios, tanto privados como sociais, que alegadamente traz. O trabalho baseia-se em evidências recentes sobre os determinantes da adoção desta tecnologia para investigar seus impactos utilizando-se de um grande painel de microdados de unidades de produção agrícola no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Nós exploramos variações em localizações geográficas e características de solos para construir instrumentos para a adoção e assim identificar os impactos dessa adoção na produção agrícola, nas alo- cações de terras e em outros indicadores da organização produtiva das fazendas. Embora as evidências de ganhos de produtividade permaneçam inconclusivas, nós encontramos impactos significativos da adoção de SPD na alocação de terras e nas decisões de produção.
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Lehle, Fredric, W. C. Hofmann, and Bonnie Guhy. "Direct and Indirect Stimulation of Primary Root Growth of Cotton Seed Imbibed at a Low Temperature by Calcium Sulfate." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/204458.
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The effect of calcium sulfate on cotton seed radicle growth at a low temperature was evaluated under laboratory conditions. Direct imbibition of solutions of calcium sulfate was stimulatory to radicle growth at 15 C at concentrations up to 10 mM. Anomalous stimulation of radicle growth at 15 C occurred when seed rolls moistened with water were placed adjacent to dilute open solutions of calcium and magnesium sulfate inside sealed chambers. The stimulation appeared due to an indirect influence of sulfate by an unknown mechanism.
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Silva, Marcos Roberto da. "Classificação de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão para o sistema plantio direto conforme o indice de adequação." [s.n.], 2003. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257502.
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Orientador: Luiz Antonio DanielDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: O Sistema Plantio Direto (SPD) está consagrado na agricultura, no entanto muitas informações ainda estão distantes dos agricultores, principalmente as relacionadas com a tecnologia utilizada pelos fabricantes de máquinas na oferta de modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão indicadas para o sistema. O principal veículo de informações sobre modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras é o catálogo de fabricante, cuja finalidade é expressar de maneira resumida as principais características técnicas que compõem os modelos. Frente a esses fatos e apoiados em análise bibliográfica e na vivência prática, estabeleceu-se a hipótese de que com técnicas de sistematização de dados e recursos da informática é possível processar esses dados de catálogos e produzir um ¿estudo censitário¿ referente à variabilidade ofertada nos modelos de emeadoras-adubadoras produzidas pela indústria brasileira e, que também é possível, com base na ¿teoria de números índices¿ estabelecer um parâmetro que expresse as características de cada modelo, permitindo uma classificação em categorias de acordo com as suas características técnicas. O objetivo do trabalho foi o de sistematizar os dados contidos num conjunto de catálogos tecnológicos referente aos modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão, analisando as informações de modo a permitir a construção de um banco de dados e posteriormente subsidiar a aplicação de métodos estatísticos viabilizando a obtenção de um levantamento das características técnicas dos modelos oferecidos no mercado brasileiro, além de possibilitar a proposição de um índice classificatório dos modelos com base nas suas características técnicas. Os resultados mostram uma análise em 93 catálogos fornecidos por fabricantes brasileiros de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão, que representam aproximadamente 90 % do mercado nacional, gerando informações para caracterizar 278 modelos. Constitui-se um banco de dados com base em 40 características técnicas descritas nos catálogos, sendo que 15 foram selecionadas para análise estatística e, dentre estas, 7 foram utilizadas na formulação de um número índice, denominado ¿Índice de Adequação¿ de semeadoras-adubadoras para semeadura direta cuja aplicação permitiu classificar 250 modelos em cinco categorias diferentes; sendo que 73% dos modelos analisados compõem as categorias A e B; indicadas para pequenas e médias propriedades; 19% compõem a categoria C, indicada para médias e grandes propriedades e 8% dos modelos compõem as categorias D e E; indicadas para grandes propriedades. Conclui-se então que o levantamento destas informações com base em catálogos fornecidas pelos fabricantes permite uma análise detalhada das características técnicas que compõem os modelos de semeadoras-adubadoras de precisão para o SPD ofertadas no mercado e, que a proposição de um número índice permitiu sintetizar as informações de catálogos e classificar o modelo de acordo com as categorias de adequação, específicas para cada tipo de propriedade agrícola
Abstract: No-Tillage Farming is consecrated in agriculture nowadays. However many information is still far from the farmers, especially those related to the technology used by the machinery manufacturers in offering no-till and precision models planting and fertilizing equipment. The most important information vehicle about the planters is the manufacturer¿s catalogue, which objective is to show the major techniques characteristics of the machine models in a concise manner. So, considering those facts, with bibliographical analysis and practical experience a hypothesis was established, that those catalogue data can be processed with data systematization techniques and electronic informative computer science resources. It produces a census study related to the technological variability offered by the Brazilian models of planting-fertilizing machines, what is also possible based on the index numbers theory to establish a parameter that express each model characteristics and permits to classify the machines according with its techniques characteristics. The objective of this work was to systematize the data of a set of 93 planting machine catalogues, which represent 90% of the national market approximately. A data base was constructed and further used to provide information to the application of the statistical analysis. This made possible the knowledge of the techniques characteristics of models of direct planting and fertilizing precision machine offered by the Brazilian manufacturers and their classification based in theirs characteristics. Each machine¿s data base enclosed 40 techniques characteristics and 15 of them was selected for the statistical analysis and, amongst these, 7 had been used in the formularization of a number index, called "Index of Adequacy". From this, it was possible to classify 250 models in 5 different categories: in the A and B categories, for small and medium properties 73% was fitted; 19% compounded the category C, for the medium and big properties and 8% of the machines were classified in the categories D and E, for the largest properties. The results showed that the survey of the machine catalogue data, furnished by the manufacturers permits a detailed analysis of the techniques characteristics of the precision and direct planting and fertilizing machines and that the models available in the market can be classified using an index number or adequacy index, that synthesize the catalogues¿ data
Mestrado
Agua e Solo
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Chick, Hiu-lai, and 戚曉麗. "Direct seeding of native species for reforestation on degraded hillsides in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31194539.
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Santos, Ricardo Rodrigues dos [UNESP]. "Análise energética do milho em sistema de plantio direto, em assentamento rural, Itaberá/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90582.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar do ponto de vista energético o agroecossistema milho, em sistema de plantio direto, localizado na área III do projeto de assentamento de trabalhadores rurais Pirituba II, no município de Itaberá/SP. A análise energética quantificou todas as operações realizadas, juntamente com suas exigências físicas (quilogramas, litros, horas, metro, hectare, alqueire etc), os insumos utilizados e os grãos produzidos, classificando-os em seus respectivos fluxos, a partir da definição das entradas e saídas de energia, traduzindo-os em equivalentes energéticos e determinando, assim, a matriz energética do agroecossistema. Os índices calóricos utilizados foram os de eficiência cultural e energia cultural líquida. Os resultados desta pesquisa demonstraram a dependência do sistema de fontes de energia industrial, provindas de fertilizantes (44,42%) e agrotóxicos (18,71%), e de energia fóssil do óleo diesel (28,06%). Os valores energéticos, referentes aos tipos de energia direta e indireta, apresentaram grandezas distintas, sendo que a energia indireta (65,60%) representou quase o dobro da energia direta (34,40%) utilizada no sistema, significando que as fontes energéticas utilizadas encontram-se pouco equilibradas. A 2 eficiência cultural encontrada foi de 14,39, apontando que para cada unidade calórica aplicada no agroecossistema o retorno foi de 13,39 unidades e a energia cultural líquida atingiu 115.388,28 MJ x ha-1. Num segundo momento, os dados obtidos foram comparados aos dados publicados por Bueno (2002), que realizou sua pesquisa neste mesmo agroecossistema, ano agrícola e área, porém em duas glebas diferentes que empregavam o sistema de plantio convencional. Na comparação entre os estudos, as entradas culturais de ambos os sistemas foram energeticamente muito semelhantes com 8.619,73 MJ x ha-1 (plantio direto)...
The aim of this work was to proceed, from the energetic point of view, an analysis of a corn agroecosystem, on the direct planting, located at Pirituba II rural workers placement project, Área III, city of Itaberá/SP. The energetic analysis mesured all operations, together with its fisical demands (kilograms, liters, hours, meters, surface measures, etc), the inputs and produced grains, classifying them within their respective flux, based on the definition of energy inputs and outputs, converting them into energetic equivalents and, so, determining the energetic matrix of de agroecosystem. The caloric index used were cultural efficiency and cultural liquid energy. The results showed the dependence of the studied systems on the chemical energy sources, from fertilizers (44,42%), agrotoxics (18,71%), and diesel (28,06%). The energetic values of the direct and indirect energy showed a very big difference between them: indirect energy (65,60%) represented almost twice the direct energy (34,40%) used on the system, what means that the energy sources used in the system are not balanced. The cultural efficiency found was 14,39, pointing that for every caloric unity applied on the agroecosystem, the return was of 13,39 units and cultural liquid energy got to 115.388,28 MJ x ha-1. Later on, obtained data was compared to already existing data in Bueno 4 (2002), who researched corn agroecosystem, in the same agriculture period, at the same area, in two different gleba, with conventional planting system. Comparing both studies, the cultural inputs of both systems were energeticaly almost the same: 8.619,73 MJ x ha-1 (direct planting), e 8.783,78 MJ x ha-1 (convencional planting). The outputs had very different results: 124.008,01 e 79.118,38 MJ x ha-1, respectively. So, we had much more cultural liquid energy on the studied system: 115.388,28 MJ x ha-1, compared... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Lemos, João Paulo. "Eficiência de roçadas no controle de Bidens pilosa e Commelina benghalensis em competição com a cultura do milho." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2011. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4542.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-21Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Among the factors that difficult the expansion of the area cultivated with organic corn is the control of weeds. On this crop system only the cultural and mechanical control methods are allowed, which most of the times are little efficient and not adequate to the direct planting system. On this work the efficiency of weed clearing was evaluated (Bidens pilosa and Commelina benghalensis) about the physiological and growth characteristics of corn plants. Three experiments were conducted: the first one evaluated the influence of weed clearing over the growth of corn plants; the second one evaluated the effects of clearings on the development of B. pilosa and C. benghalensis species; and the third evaluated the effect of clearings over the physiological characteristics of corn crops. When in competition without using clearings, C. benghalensis did not interfere on the radicular dry mass rate and on the relationship aerial part/radicular system of corn plants. On the opposite, B. pilosa species, when in competition with corn crops, affected all evaluated characteristics, except the crop stalk diameter. Two clearings of weeds provided the biggest benefits to the culture. It was not observed the influence of corn plants over the development of B. pilosa plants, for the evaluated characteristics. However, corn plants affected the accumulation of root dry matter mass and seeds from C. benghalensis plants. Two clearings reduced the interference of B. pilosa and C. benghalensis weeds over the morphological characteristics of corn (total dry matter mass, aerial part/radicular system rate, radicular mass rate and foliar mass rate). Still, these clearings did not influence the physiological aspects (photosyntetical rate, stomatal conductance, internal carbon/external carbon rate, carbon consumed, transpiration and efficiency of water use) evaluated on corn plants in competition with weeds. The C. benghalensis species reduced the photosyntethic rate and the transpiration of corn plants when in competition with this culture.
Dentre os fatores que dificultam a expansão da área cultivada com milho orgânico destaca-se o controle das plantas daninhas. Neste sistema de cultivo são permitidos apenas os métodos de controle culturais e mecânicos, que na maioria das vezes são pouco eficientes e não adequados ao sistema de plantio direto. Neste trabalho avaliou-se a eficiência da roçada das plantas daninhas (Bidens pilosa e Commelina benghalensis) sobre as características fisiológicas e de crescimento de plantas de milho. Foram conduzidos três experimentos: no primeiro avaliou-se a influência da roçada das plantas daninhas sobre o crescimento das plantas de milho; no segundo, os efeitos da roçada no desenvolvimento das espécies B. pilosa e C. benghalensis; e no terceiro, o efeito da roçada sobre as características fisiológicas da cultura do milho. Quando em competição sem uso de roçadas, a C. benghalensis não interferiu na razão de massa seca radicular e na relação parte aérea/sistema radicular das plantas de milho. Ao contrário, a espécie B. pilosa, quando em competição com plantas de milho, afetou todas as características avaliadas, exceto o diâmetro do colmo da cultura. Duas roçadas das plantas daninhas proporcionaram os maiores benefícios à cultura. Não se observou influência das plantas de milho sobre o desenvolvimento das plantas de B. pilosa, para as características avaliadas. Entretanto, as plantas de milho afetaram o acúmulo de massa da matéria seca da raiz e das sementes de plantas de C. benghalensis. Duas roçadas reduziram a interferência das plantas daninhas B. pilosa e C. benghalensis nas características morfológicas do milho (massa da matéria seca total, razão parte aérea/sistema radicular, razão de massa radicular e razão de massa foliar). Todavia, essas roçadas não influenciaram os aspectos fisiológicos (taxa fotossintética, condutância estomática, razão carbono interno/carbono externo, carbono consumido, transpiração e eficiência do uso da água) avaliados nas plantas de milho em competição com as plantas daninhas. A espécie C. benghalensis reduziu a taxa fotossintética e a transpiração de plantas de milho quando em competição com esta cultura.
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Campidelli, Oscar 1970. "Substituição da Brachiaria decumbens pela Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu em sistema de plantio direto /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/90588.
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Orientador: Sérgio Lázaro de LimaBanca: Sérgio Pascoal de Campos
Banca: Ciniro Costa
Resumo: O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a produção da Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu semeada na palhada da Brachiaria decumbens. O experimento foi instalado em condição de campo, no ano agrícola 2005/06, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu/UNESP. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições. As parcelas foram implantadas com espaçamento único de 15 cm entre linhas. Os tratamentos aplicados foram: tratamento 1 (T1 - dessecou-se a B. decumbens e aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e 30 dias depois aplicou-se uma subdosagem com 2 Lha-1 e após 2 dias efetuo-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente), tratamento 2 (T2 - aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e imediatamente fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente), tratamento 3 (T3 - fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha, com 20 kgha-1 de semente e imediatamente aplica-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato), e tratamento 4 (T4 - aplicou-se 6 Lha-1 de glifosato e após 2 dias fez-se a semeadura da B. brizantha com 20 kgha-1 de semente). Foram avaliados a cobertura morta proporcionada pela B. decumbens sobre o solo e o percentual de cobertura verde da Brachiaria brizantha, bem como sua matéria verde e seca, aos 30, 50 e 70 dias após semeadura (DAS). A quantidade de matéria morta cobrindo o solo aos 30, 50 e 70 dias após a semeadura (DAS), da Brachiaria brizantha, apresentou resultados negativos para a germinação, emergência, produção de massa verde e seca e porcentagem de cobertura verde, da mesma, nos tratamentos T2, T3 e T4, e um melhor resultado para o T1. Desta forma, pode- 2 se concluir que o melhor manejo é dessecar a cultura antecessora 30 dias ou mais, antes da semeadura da nova cultura.
Abstract: The present research aimed at to evaluate the production of Brachiaria brizantha Stapf cv. Marandu sowed in the palhada of the Brachiaria decumbens. The experiment was installed in field condition, in the agricultural year 2005/06, in Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu / UNESP. The treatments were set as a complete randomized experiment, with five repetitions. The portions were implanted with only spacing of 15 cm among lines. The applied treatments were: treatment 1 (T1 - the B. decumbens was desiccated and it was applied 6 Lha-1 of glifosato and 30 days later a dosage was applied with 2 Lha-1 and after 2 days make her the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1), treatment 2 (T2 - 6 Lha-1 of glifosato was applied and immediately it was made the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1), treatment 3 (T3- it was made the sowing of B. brizantha, with 20 seed kgha-1 and immediately 6 Lha-1 of glifosato is applied), and treatment 4 (T4 - 6 Lha-1 of glifosato was applied and after 2 days it was made the sowing of B. brizantha with 20 seed kgha-1). They were appraised the proportionate covering for B. decumbens on the soil and the percentage of green covering of the B. brizantha, as well as his green and dry matter, to the 30, 50 and 70 days after sowing (DAS). The amount of dead matter covering the soil to the 30, 50 and 70 days after the sowing (DAS), of the Brachiaria brizantha, it presented negative results for the germination, emergency, production of green and dry mass and percentage of green covering, of the same, in the treatments T2, T3 and T4, and a better result for T1. This way, it can be 4 concluded that the best handling is to desiccate the culture predecessor 30 days or plus, before the sowing of the new culture.
Mestre
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Dias, Hugo de Souza. "Analise espacial e multicriterial da qualidade das lavouras de milho "Safrinha" no medio Paranapema." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257031.
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Orientador: Rubens A. C. LamparelliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agricola
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Resumo: Apesar do milho "safrinha" já representar uma grande proporção do milho produzido no Brasil e ter tido um significativo aumento de produtividade nos últimos anos, esta cultura ainda é relacionada ao baixo uso de tecnologia e à baixa produtividade. A primeira etapa deste estudo analisa as estatísticas e as relações entre os seguintes itens de verificação da qualidade das lavouras: data de semeadura; cobertura morta do solo; espaçamento das entrelinhas; estande e população de plantas; plantas problema; espaços entreplantas; infestação de ervas daninhas e perdas de colheita. A segunda etapa analisou a correlação espacial destas variáveis entre os diferentes talhões amostrados e mapeou a sua distribuição através das ferramentas da geoestatística na região do Médio Paranapanema. Na terceira etapa as variáveis foram utilizadas como critérios em uma avaliação multicriterial gerando um mapa de qualidade das lavouras. O método de polígonos de Thiessen foi utilizado no desagrupamento das estatísticas básicas (média, variância, assimetria), minimizando os problemas originados pela não aleatoriedade espacial da amostragem. O sistema de Plantio Direto (PD) foi discriminado estatisticamente do sistema de Preparo Convencional (PC) através de diversas variáveis, mas apenas a cobertura morta discriminou o PD da Semeadura na Palha de Inverno (SPi) e do PC. Oitenta e cinco por cento dos talhões avaliados tinham estande dentro dos limites aceitáveis e boa distribuição de plantas. Sessenta por cento dos itens de verificação apresentaram continuidade espacial entre talhões, o que permitiu o mapeamento através de krigagem ordinária. As áreas não ocupadas com milho foram retiradas da análise espacial utilizando-se uma máscara do uso da terra produzida pela classificação de imagens de satélite. A análise multicriterial (MCE) combinou o processo de análise hierárquica (AHP), para dar pesos aos critérios, e conjuntos fuzzy, para normalizar os critérios, possibilitando a avaliação e o mapeamento da qualidade das lavouras de milho "safrinha" em uma área de 1.577 km2. Palavras chaves: sistemas de preparo de solo; auditoria de qualidade; polígonos de Thiessen; sistemas de suporte a decisão; processo de análise hierárquica (AHP)
Abstract: Even though off-season or winter maize ("safrinha") today accounts for a large fraction of Brazilian maize production, and has displayed a significant increase in yield during the past few years, this crop is still associated with low technology and low yield. The first part of this study analyzes the statistics and relations among several variables of agricultural quality (items of quality verification): planting date; crop mulch cover; row spacing; plant stand and population; problem plants; plant spacing; weed infestation; harvest losses. The second part analyzes the spatial correlation of these variables among different plots sampled and maps the distribution by using spatial statistical tools in the Middle Paranapanema River Valley. In the third part, the variables were used as criteria in a multicriteria evaluation (MCE) that created an agricultural quality maps. Thiessen polygons were used to declustering the basic statistics (mean, variance, coefficient of skewness), minimizing problems introduced by non-random spatial sampling. No-tillage cultivation was statistically discriminated from conventional tillage by several variables, but only crop mulch cover separated no-tillage from winter crop mulch cultivation and conventional tillage. Eighty-five percent of plots studied had stands within acceptable limits and displayed good distribution of plants. Sixty percent of the variables showed spatial continuity among the plots, which permitted mapping by use ordinary kriging. Areas not planted in maize were removed from the spatial analysis using a mask of land use produced by a classification of satellite imagery. Multicriteria evaluation (MCE) combined the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to weight the criteria, and fuzzy sets were used to normalize the criteria, permitting the evaluation and mapping of agricultural quality of off-season ¿safrinha¿ maize in an area of 1,577 km2. Index terms: tillage systems; quality audit; Thiessen polygons; decision making; analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Doutorado
Planejamento e Desenvolvimento Rural Sustentável
Doutor em Engenharia Agrícola
Books on the topic "Direct planting"
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Tillman, Beth A. Genetic variation for nitrogen accumulation, agronomic performance, and malting quality of spring barley production with direct drilling. 1988.
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Diefendorf, Barbara B. Planting the Cross. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190887025.001.0001.
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This book examines how Catholic reformers envisioned and implemented changes to monastic life in late sixteenth- and early seventeenth-century France. Scholars of France’s Catholic Reformation have tended to focus on the movement’s later stages and, taking a top-down approach, view it from the perspective of activist clerics seeking to impose a fixed idea of religious life. This study focuses instead on the movement’s beginnings and explores the aims and tactics of proponents of reform from different but overlapping perspectives. The six case studies draw from three regions—Paris, Provence, and Languedoc. The first chapters tell the story of religious caught in the direct path of the Wars of Religion, which reduced France to near anarchy in the sixteenth century. Chapter 1 tells of the difficulty traditional women’s orders had surviving—much less reforming themselves—in Protestant-dominated Montpellier. Chapter 2 examines the rebellion of Paris’s Feuillants against both their ascetic abbot and the king during the Holy League revolt. Chapter 3 recounts the implantation of the militant Franciscans called Capuchins in the Protestant heartland, Languedoc. Chapters 4 and 5 examine the struggle to reform two old orders—the Dominicans and Trinitarians—that had fallen into decay. Chapter 6 explores conflicting interpretations of Teresa of Avila’s legacy at France’s first Carmelite convents. The book illuminates persistent debates about what constituted religious reform and how a reform’s success should be judged. It shows reform to have been lived as an ongoing process that was more diverse, experimental, and experiential than is often recognized.
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MARTÍNEZ, Y. M., and G. E. MACHADO. CIÊNCIAS AGRÁRIAS: CENÁRIOS ATUAIS DE INOVAÇÕES E DEBATES. Arco Editores, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.48209/978-65-00-1laru-r.
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Esta obra reuni trabalhos com o foco nas áreas das ciências rurais e agronômicas. Abrangendo temáticas diversas, como: Agronomia e inovações; Manejo de culturas; Agroecologia; Extensão Rural; Desenvolvimento sustentável; Agronegócio; Resultados de pesquisas de pós-graduação; Ruralidades; Jovens rurais; Impacto das tecnologias no campo; Avanços científicos; Ensino de Ciências Agrárias; Assistência Técnica; Tecnologia dos alimentos; Produção de alimentos; Cadeia produtiva; Mercado agrícola e de pecuária; Bem estar animal; Produtos de origem animal; Alimentos; Direito rural; Biodiversidade; Manejos do Solo; Química do solo; Plantio direto; Gestão ambiental; Análises socioeconômicas; Aquicultura e pesca. Áreas contemplados no escopo do Livro Digital: Ciências Rurais; Ciências Sociais; Agronomia; Zootecnia; Veterinária; Tecnologia; Ensino; Ciências Jurídicas; Economia; Política; Ciência e Tecnologia dos Alimentos.
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Chiang, Connie Y. Environmental Patriotism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842062.003.0006.
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During the war, many natural resources and environmental activities were directly connected to the war effort. This chapter examines how Japanese Americans tried to show their patriotism and prove their loyalty to the United States by engaging with nature in these prescribed ways. These interactions often involved the production of food, with detainees planting victory gardens and working as sugar beet harvesters at a time when farms were experiencing severe labor shortages. In addition, Japanese Americans at Manzanar participated in a program to cultivate and process guayule, a plant that experts believed could address a nationwide rubber shortage. Participating in these activities became expressions of environmental patriotism.
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Fuss, Sabine. The 1.5°C Target, Political Implications, and the Role of BECCS. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.585.
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The 2°C target for global warming had been under severe scrutiny in the run-up to the climate negotiations in Paris in 2015 (COP21). Clearly, with a remaining carbon budget of 470–1,020 GtCO2eq from 2015 onwards for a 66% probability of stabilizing at concentration levels consistent with remaining below 2°C warming at the end of the 21st century and yearly emissions of about 40 GtCO2 per year, not much room is left for further postponing action. Many of the low stabilization pathways actually resort to the extraction of CO2 from the atmosphere (known as negative emissions or Carbon Dioxide Removal [CDR]), mostly by means of Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS): if the biomass feedstock is produced sustainably, the emissions would be low or even carbon-neutral, as the additional planting of biomass would sequester about as much CO2 as is generated during energy generation. If additionally carbon capture and storage is applied, then the emissions balance would be negative. Large BECCS deployment thus facilitates reaching the 2°C target, also allowing for some flexibility in other sectors that are difficult to decarbonize rapidly, such as the agricultural sector. However, the large reliance on BECCS has raised uneasiness among policymakers, the public, and even scientists, with risks to sustainability being voiced as the prime concern. For example, the large-scale deployment of BECCS would require vast areas of land to be set aside for the cultivation of biomass, which is feared to conflict with conservation of ecosystem services and with ensuring food security in the face of a still growing population.While the progress that has been made in Paris leading to an agreement on stabilizing “well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels” and “pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C” was mainly motivated by the extent of the impacts, which are perceived to be unacceptably high for some regions already at lower temperature increases, it has to be taken with a grain of salt: moving to 1.5°C will further shrink the time frame to act and BECCS will play an even bigger role. In fact, aiming at 1.5°C will substantially reduce the remaining carbon budget previously indicated for reaching 2°C. Recent research on the biophysical limits to BECCS and also other negative emissions options such as Direct Air Capture indicates that they all run into their respective bottlenecks—BECCS with respect to land requirements, but on the upside producing bioenergy as a side product, while Direct Air Capture does not need much land, but is more energy-intensive. In order to provide for the negative emissions needed for achieving the 1.5°C target in a sustainable way, a portfolio of negative emissions options needs to minimize unwanted effects on non–climate policy goals.
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Fabbri, Andrea, Giorgio Bartolini, Maurizio Lambardi, and Stan Kailis. Olive Propagation Manual. CSIRO Publishing, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643091016.
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This practical manual is an authoritative guide to olive propagation, providing extended information on seed germination, rooting of cuttings, grafting and micropropagation. The authors describe each topic in detail and discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of each procedure.
The Olive Propagation Manual has been developed to take into account the future demand for olive oil, which is expected to increase to three million tonnes annually over the next 10 years. Such volumes will require active farming programs and olive trees for new orchards and the replacement of olive trees in existing orchards. As the olive industry moves from traditional manual methods to mechanised operations, planting stock will need to be developed to meet future challenges. Varietal selection will need to be directed to clones that are early bearing, disease resistant, able to be mechanically harvested, and produce quality fruit and oil. Each of these issues are addressed throughout this book.
The Olive Propagation Manual explores historical perspectives, traditional methods and state-of-the-art olive propagation including theoretical explanations and all practical aspects.
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Koons, Robert C., and Alexander Pruss. Must Functionalists Be Aristotelians? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796572.003.0013.
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Functionalism in the theory of mind requires an account of function that has a normative component—mere conditional connection (whether indicative or sub-junctive) is not enough. For instance, a component of a computing system isn’t an adder just in case its output is always or would always be the sum of the inputs, since any computing system in a world with as much indeterminism as ours can err or malfunction. Two general reductions of normative language have been proposed that one might wish to apply to the problem of defining proper function: the evolutionary reduction (Wright, Millikan) and the agential reduction (Plantinga). We argue that whatever the merits of the reductions in other contexts, a functionalist theory of mind that defines proper function in either of these ways must fail. The argument proceeds by first showing the agential reduction is viciously circular in the context of a functionalist theory of agency. Second, if functionalism about mind is true and proper function is reducible evolutionarily, then it is possible to have a situation in which the presence or absence of mental properties depends in an implausibly spooky, acausal way on remote facts. It is plausible that the only currently avail-able way for the functionalist to meet these challenges is to accept irreducible end-directed causal powers of minds and/or their functional parts, in accordance with a broadly Aristotelian tradition.
Book chapters on the topic "Direct planting"
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Awazi, Nyong Princely, Martin Ngankam Tchamba, Lucie Felicite Temgoua, and Marie-Louise Tientcheu-Avana. "Farmers’ Adaptive Capacity to Climate Change in Africa: Small-Scale Farmers in Cameroon." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 87–115. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_9.
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AbstractSmall-scale farmers’ limited adaptive capacity confronted with the adversities of climate change is a major call for concern considering that small-scale farms feed over half of the world’s population. In this light, small-scale farmers’ adaptive choices and adaptive capacity to climate change were assessed. Data were collected from primary and secondary sources using a mixed research approach. Findings revealed that extreme weather events have been recurrent and small-scale farmers perceived access to land, household income, and the planting of trees/shrubs on farms (agroforestry) as the main factors influencing their capacity to adapt to climate change. Agroforestry and monoculture practices were the main adaptive choices of small-scale farmers confronted with climate change. T-test and chi-square test statistics revealed a strong non-cause-effect relationship (p < 0.001) between small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change and different socio-economic, institutional, and environmental variables. Parameter estimates of the binomial logistic regression model indicated the existence of a strong direct cause-effect relationship (p < 0.05) between small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change and access to credit, household income, number of farms, access to information, and access to land, indicating that these variables enhance small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change. It is recommended that policy makers examine the adaptive choices and determinants of farmers’ adaptive capacity unearthed in this chapter when formulating policies geared towards enhancing small-scale farmers’ capacity to adapt to climate change.
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Meddi, Mohamed, and Saeid Eslamian. "Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_114-1.
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AbstractThe vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.
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Meddi, Mohamed, and Saeid Eslamian. "Uncertainties in Rainfall and Water Resources in Maghreb Countries Under Climate Change." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1967–2003. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_114.
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AbstractThe vulnerability of the climate change in the South of the Mediterranean’s south regions varies depending on the part of their climate which is sensitive to the economy. In Tunisia, agriculture represents 16% of the workforce and 12% of GDP in 2006. In Algeria, agriculture represents 20% of the workforce and 8% of GDP in 2009. In Morocco, agriculture accounts for 40% of the workforce and 17.7% of GDP in 2006. The agriculture is directly related to the availability of water which in turn is directly related to rainfall. The drought has affected all countries of the Maghreb. It is considered the most severe in the history of these countries. The drought has forced the agricultural sector in Morocco to the limitation of annual crops which are not needed, the prohibition of any new tree planting and the ban on vegetable crops in dry years. During the years 1987, 1988, and 1989, Tunisia has experienced the most critical drought. It led to a water deficit of around 30%. For Morocco the rainfall shows a negative trend at national and regional scales, and spring rainfall has declined by over 40% since the 1960s. For Algeria, the western region has recorded a considerable reduction in rainfall. The winter rains have decreased between 40% and 70%. Contributions to dams have decreased between 30% and 50%. These changes had a negative influence on the water resource and crop yield. Many programs have been initiated since then to meet the growing demand.
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Eastin, J. "Climate change, livelihoods and domestic violence in Indonesia." In Gender, climate change and livelihoods: vulnerabilities and adaptations, 94–106. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247053.0008.
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Abstract This book chapter dicsusses the data, methodological strategies, and findings, and the final section concludes with a discussion of key policy implications and directions for future research regarding climate change, livelihoods, and domestic violence in Indonesia. This study argues that climate shocks in Indonesia elevate the incidence of domestic violence via their impact on agriculture and agrarian livelihoods. Those relying on agriculture as a primary income source in Indonesia-approximately 41% of the population=suffer when climatic stress diminishes earnings through job loss and reduced crop yields. The impact can reduce food security, especially for subsistence farmers, but also for the broader population when scarcity elevates local food prices. Food already consumes 70% of household budgets for half the population, with rice comprising the largest share-over 25% of total household expenditures for the poorest quintile. Thus, even minor reductions in yields or inflation in local rice markets can have dire effects. These impacts are anticipated to exacerbate social and psychological pressures-stress, anxiety, depression, trauma, substance abuse-commonly associated with domestic and intimate partner violence, which in turn should increase its incidence within affected regions. This study uses data from the Global SPEI database and the NVMS to model the relationship between climate change and domestic violence in Indonesia. It finds that positive and negative deviations from long-term climate averages, when occurring in December-the core month of the Indonesian rice-planting season-increase the incidence of domestic violence in the following year. This relationship likely reflects the negative impact of climate shocks on agricultural sectors and livelihoods, an outcome which aggravates the emotional and psychological preconditions for domestic violence and abuse, disproportionately diminishes women's bargaining power in the household, and reduces women's ability to escape abusive situations. These effects are especially prominent in areas with higher levels of poverty, further illustrating the economic dimension of the causal process.
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Nelson, David J. "Introduction." In How the New Deal Built Florida Tourism, 1–6. University Press of Florida, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813056319.003.0001.
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The following chapters examine the relationship between the Florida Park Service and the Civilian Conservation Corps between 1935 and 1945. It was clear early in my research that the CCC not only assisted the FPS in the early years; it funded, designed, built, and in large part ran the state park program. The FPS is financially, thematically, ideally, and literally a direct product of the New Deal. The New Dealers believed in conserving nature for society’s use. This belief resulted not only in the CCC’s highly publicized efforts in tree planting and fire prevention but also in the building of public parks and other nature-based recreational activities.
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"Planting a Plant." In The Liberty Hyde Bailey Gardener's Companion, edited by John A. Stempien and John Linstrom, 35–36. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501740237.003.0008.
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The theme of self-discovery through a plant is continued, but with the children/pupils and the school setting in mind. Certain plants are recommended for the children/pupils to practice their gardening. Bailey also advises that Arbor Day should be a celebration that directs "the attention of the children nature-ward."
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Wildner, Leandro do Prado, and Faustino Andreola. "“PRÓ-PALHA” UMA PARCERIA PARA DIFUSÃO DO PLANTIO DIRETO NO OESTE CATARINENSE." In Desafios e Perspectivas do Plantio Direto, 1–10. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2391917101.
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Nunes, Rafael dos Anjos, Fabrício Andrade Barbosa, Brenda Ferreira Arantes, Gisélia Gonçalves de Castro, and Clauber Barbosa de Alcântara. "AVALIAÇÃO DO RENDIMENTO DE FEIJOEIRO DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE CRESCIMENTO NOS PLANTIOS DAS “ÁGUAS E SECA” SUBMETIDOS À APLICAÇÕES DE HERBICIDA PRÉ E PÓS EMERGENTE." In Desafios e Perspectivas do Plantio Direto, 11–18. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2391917102.
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Wildner, Leandro do Prado, and Léo Pedro Schneider. "GRUPO AMIGOS DO SOLO (CHAPECÓ, SC): UMA TRAJETÓRIA DE 20 ANOS DE PLANTIO DIRETO." In Desafios e Perspectivas do Plantio Direto, 19–27. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2391917103.
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Takasu, Anderson Teruo, Ricardo Antônio Ferreira Rodrigues, Renato Jaqueto Goes, Flávio Hiroshi Kaneko, and Orivaldo Arf. "INTERCEPTAÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO SOLAR E ÁREA FOLIAR DO MILHO INFLUENCIADA PELO ARRANJO ESPACIAL DE PLANTAS." In Desafios e Perspectivas do Plantio Direto, 28–37. Atena Editora, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.22533/at.ed.2391917104.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Direct planting"
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Yoon, YJ, KJ Lee, JH Yi, YM Mo, GW Lee, JY Ko, and JH Won. "Proper planting density for direct seedling of 5 years old ginseng in rain shelter house." In 67th International Congress and Annual Meeting of the Society for Medicinal Plant and Natural Product Research (GA) in cooperation with the French Society of Pharmacognosy AFERP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3400147.
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Mohammad Hossein Raoufat and Jalil Nejadi. "Upgrading a Conventional Row Crop Planter to a Direct Seeding Machine for Planting of Corn in Conservation Farming System." In 2012 Dallas, Texas, July 29 - August 1, 2012. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.42041.
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Turin, E. N., K. G. Zhenchenko, A. A. Gongalo, V. Yu Ivanov, N. V. Karaeva, and V. V. Reent. "The results of the study of the direct seeding in the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-2020-5-9-10-49.
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The research aimed to study the influence of different tillage-and-planting systems on the soil density of chernozem southern in the central steppe of the Crimea. The soil density is a very important parameter both in the direct seeding and conventional tillage since the no-tillage crop production system is that left soil undisturbed. The stationary experimental site is situated in the village of Klepinino Krasnogvardeyskiy district Republic of Crimea (Department of Field Сrops, FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”). This report provides data for 2019. Even though the direct seeding does not include topsoil loosening, the soil density parameters are optimal (1-1.4 g/cm3) in the 0-10-centimeter layer for the development of the roots of the studied crops. In the 10-20 and 20-30 cm layers, the soil in the reporting period is a little over-compacted despite the farming system
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Zhenchenko, K. G., E. N. Turin, and A. A. Gongalo. "Effect of Pisum sativum L. seed treatment with the complex of microbiological preparation on the plants’ growth and development under direct sowing." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.27.
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We studied the use of the complex microbial preparation (CMP) in 2016-2018 at the experimental field of the Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea. The soil is southern chernozem. Long-term annual precipitation – 428 mm; long-term annual air temperature – 12 °С. Pisum sativum L. variety – ‘Madonna’. Chemical treating agent Vitavax 200 FF (water suspension concentrate) at the rate of 0.75 l/ha was used in the control variant. Seeds were inoculated with CMP on the day of planting (FSBSI “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea” is the owner of CMP). The composition of the studied complex – 1) symbiotic nitrogen fixers; 2) phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms; 3) microorganisms that inhibit the growth and development of phytopathogenic bacteria and fungi. On average, over three years of research, the height of pea plants was the same and amounted to 82.3 cm in the control and 80.7 cm in the experimental variant. The symbiosis of PS and CMP had a significant effect on the number of beans per plant. In the control, 7.6 pieces were formed; under the influence of CMP – 8.6. In our experiments, the grain size was influenced both by the conditions of the growing season in a particular year and the treatment with CMP. The most favorable conditions were in 2016, which contributed to the largest 1000-grain weight (on average 284 g). In extremely arid 2018, the smallest peas were formed (1000-grain weight – 258 g). On average for 2016-2018, the yield in the variant with inoculation was 0.2 t/ha higher. The small Pisum sativum L. yield in 2018 can be explained by the low air humidity and the absence of productive precipitation.
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Marku, Dorjan. "EFFECTS OF DIRECT PAYMENTS ON NEW ORCHARD PLANTINGS AND VINEYARDS IN KORCA REGION." In The 3rd Virtual Multidisciplinary Conference. Publishing Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/quaesti.2015.3.1.204.
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Simon, Marcos Vinícius, Belmiro Saburo Shimada, Letícia Do Socorro Cunha, Kamyla Letícia Rambo, and Pablo Henrique Finken. "O SISTEMA DE PLANTIO DIRETO COMO FATOR DO AUMENTO DA PRODUTIVIDADE DAS CULTURAS." In I Congresso Nacional de Ciências Agrárias On-line. Revista Multidisciplinar de Educação e Meio Ambiente, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51189/rema/1619.
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Introdução: A região sul até meados do século XX sofria com a erosão hídrica, pelo manejo convencional do solo, e o revolvimento intenso, além da incorporação e queima de resíduos vegetais que deixavam o solo exposto as chuvas, favorecendo o processo erosivo do solo, proporcionando grandes perdas de solo, insumos agrícola, água e sementes, prejudicando o solo, e afetando a produção, e para diminuir os problemas utilizou-se do sistema de plantio direto. Objetivos: O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma breve revisão de literatura sobre o sistema de plantio direto como fator do aumento da produtividade das culturas, caracterizando e demonstrando sua importância no sistema de produção agrícola. Material e métodos: O presente estudo foi realizado com base na revisão de literatura e pesquisas relevantes sobre sistema de plantio direto como fator do aumento da produtividade das culturas, demonstrando a importância do seu uso na agricultura para possibilitar o aumento da produtividade das culturas. Resultados: O sistema de plantio direto tem como princípio o cultivo sem o revolvimento do solo, possibilitando a conservação do solo e produção de alimentos, evitando a perda de áreas agrícolas, e o risco de desertificação de imensas áreas produtivas que causaria prejuízos imensuráveis, afetando toda cadeia de produção agrícola. A utilização do sistema de plantio direto trouxe benefícios quanto os recursos naturais do setor agrícola por proporcionar maior agregação de nutrientes ao solo, devido ao controle da erosão, maior disponibilidade de água e nutrientes às plantas, melhorando os atributos químicos, físico e biológico do solo. Dessa forma, percebe-se a importância do sistema de plantio direto, pois atua diretamente nas condições de solo e de nutrientes, que afetará o crescimento e desenvolvimento da planta, possibilitando o aumento da produtividade das culturas. Conclusão: O sistema de plantio direto é uma prática muito importante para o manejo das culturas, sendo essencial para diversos setores de manejo e produção, e por proporcionar maior qualidade ao solo e seus atributos, além de outros aspectos, seu uso possibilita o aumento da produtividade das culturas.
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Vasconcelos ROCHA, Lucas, Dérique BIASSI, Gustavo Souza Lima SANT'ANNA, Luiz Carlos SOUZA, Nivaldo SHULTZ, and Everaldo ZONTA. "VIABILIDADE ECONÔMICA DE REPOLHO VERDE NO SISTEMA PLANTIO DIRETO ORGÂNICO." In IV Simpósio ABC: Argentina-Brasil-Cuba. Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro: Even3, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/ivsimposioabc.238178.
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Zambianco, E. C., M. P. Carvalho, M. T. Gioia, R. Montanari, and J. H. Buschin. "Produtividade do Feijoeiro Correlacionada com Atributos Físicos do Solo sob Plantio Direto." In I Simpósio de Geoestatística Aplicada em Ciências Agrárias. Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil: FCA/UNESP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/i-sgea-a16.
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Cassol, I. J., A. S. Lopes, I. B. Belchior, D. O. Cherri, D. C. Silva, and V. G. M. F. Pereira. "CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICO-HÍDRICAS DO SOLO, EM ÁREA DE PLANTIO DIRETO E CONVENCIONAL." In III Inovagri International Meeting. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil: INOVAGRI/INCT-EI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12702/iii.inovagri.2015-a350.
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Poliana Maria da Costa, Bandeira, Medeiros Jonatan Levi Ferreira de, Bandeira Priscila Pascali da Costa, Araújo Ana Beatriz Alves de, and Silva Suedêmio de Lima. "AVALIAÇÃO DA COBERTURA DO SOLO EM PLANTIO DIRETO ANTES E APÓS O MANEJO." In III Congresso Internacional das ciências Agrárias - COINTER. Instituto internacional despertando vocações, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/2526-7701.iiicointerpdvagro.2018.00041.
Full textReports on the topic "Direct planting"
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.
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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.