Relevant bibliographies by topics / Direct Propane Fuel Cell

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Direct Propane Fuel Cell'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Direct Propane Fuel Cell"

1

Khakdaman, H., Y. Bourgault, and M. Ternan. "Computational modeling of a direct propane fuel cell." Journal of Power Sources 196, no. 6 (March 2011): 3186–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.11.115.

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Khakdaman, Hamidreza, Yves Bourgault, and Marten Ternan. "A Mathematical Model of a Direct Propane Fuel Cell." Journal of Chemistry 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/102313.

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A rigorous mathematical model for direct propane fuel cells (DPFCs) was developed. Compared to previous models, it provides better values for the current density and the propane concentration at the exit from the anode. This is the first DPFC model to correctly account for proton transport based on the combination of the chemical potential gradient and the electrical potential gradient. The force per unit charge from the chemical potential gradient (concentration gradient) that pushes protons from the anode to the cathode is greater than that from the electrical potential gradient that pushes them in the opposite direction. By including the chemical potential gradient, we learn that the proton concentration gradient is really much different than that predicted using the previous models that neglected the chemical potential gradient. Also inclusion of the chemical potential gradient made this model the first one having an overpotential gradient (calculated from the electrical potential gradient) with the correct slope. That is important because the overpotential is exponentially related to the reaction rate (current density). The model described here provides a relationship between the conditions inside the fuel cell (proton concentration, overpotential) and its performance as measured externally by current density and propane concentration.
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Wang, Kang, Pingying Zeng, and Jeongmin Ahn. "High performance direct flame fuel cell using a propane flame." Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 33, no. 2 (January 2011): 3431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.047.

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Psofogiannakis, G., Y. Bourgault, B. E. Conway, and M. Ternan. "Mathematical model for a direct propane phosphoric acid fuel cell." Journal of Applied Electrochemistry 36, no. 1 (October 22, 2005): 115–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10800-005-9044-4.

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Huang, Ta-Jen, Chen-Yi Wu, and Chun-Hsiu Wang. "Fuel processing in direct propane solid oxide fuel cell and carbon dioxide reforming of propane over Ni–YSZ." Fuel Processing Technology 92, no. 8 (August 2011): 1611–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.04.007.

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Vafaeyan, Shadi, Alain St-Amant, and Marten Ternan. "Nickel Alloy Catalysts for the Anode of a High Temperature PEM Direct Propane Fuel Cell." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/151638.

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High temperature polymer electrode membrane fuel cells that use hydrocarbon as the fuel have many theoretical advantages over those that use hydrogen. For example, nonprecious metal catalysts can replace platinum. In this work, two of the four propane fuel cell reactions, propane dehydrogenation and water dissociation, were examined using nickel alloy catalysts. The adsorption energies of both propane and water decreased as the Fe content of Ni/Fe alloys increased. In contrast, they both increased as the Cu content of Ni/Cu alloys increased. The activation energy for the dehydrogenation of propane (a nonpolar molecule) changed very little, even though the adsorption energy changed substantially as a function of alloy composition. In contrast, the activation energy for dissociation of water (a molecule that can be polarized) decreased markedly as the energy of adsorption decreased. The different relationship between activation energy and adsorption energy for propane dehydrogenation and water dissociation alloys was attributed to propane being a nonpolar molecule and water being a molecule that can be polarized.
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Khakdaman, Hamidreza, Yves Bourgault, and Marten Ternan. "Direct Propane Fuel Cell Anode with Interdigitated Flow Fields: Two-Dimensional Model." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 49, no. 3 (February 3, 2010): 1079–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie900727p.

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Ihara, Manabu, and Shinichi Hasegawa. "Quickly Rechargeable Direct Carbon Solid Oxide Fuel Cell with Propane for Recharging." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 153, no. 8 (2006): A1544. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.2203948.

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Parackal, Bhavana, Hamidreza Khakdaman, Yves Bourgault, and Marten Ternan. "An Investigation of Direct Hydrocarbon (Propane) Fuel Cell Performance Using Mathematical Modeling." International Journal of Electrochemistry 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5919874.

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An improved mathematical model was used to extend polarization curves for direct propane fuel cells (DPFCs) to larger current densities than could be obtained with any of the previous models. DPFC performance was then evaluated using eleven different variables. The variables related to transport phenomena had little effect on DPFC polarization curves. The variables that had the greatest influence on DPFC polarization curves were all related to reaction rate phenomena. Reaction rate phenomena were dominant over the entire DPFC polarization curve up to 100 mA/cm2, which is a value that approaches the limiting current densities of DPFCs. Previously it was known that DPFCs are much different than hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). This is the first work to show the reason for that difference. Reaction rate phenomena are dominant in DPFCs up to the limiting current density. In contrast the dominant phenomenon in hydrogen PEMFCs changes from reaction rate phenomena to proton migration through the electrolyte and to gas diffusion at the cathode as the current density increases up to the limiting current density.
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Kronemayer, Helmut, Daniel Barzan, Michio Horiuchi, Shigeaki Suganuma, Yasue Tokutake, Christof Schulz, and Wolfgang G. Bessler. "A direct-flame solid oxide fuel cell (DFFC) operated on methane, propane, and butane." Journal of Power Sources 166, no. 1 (March 2007): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.12.074.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direct Propane Fuel Cell"

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Psofogiannakis, George. "A mathematical model for a direct propane phosphoric acid fuel cell." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26424.

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In direct hydrocarbon fuel cells, a hydrocarbon fuel is oxidised in the anode electrode. This thesis presents a mathematical model to predict the performance of a unit cell that utilises propane as the fuel, oxygen as the oxidant, phosphoric acid as the electrolyte, and platinum as the catalyst, supported on porous carbon electrodes. The phenomena considered include the electrochemical reactions of propane oxidation and oxygen reduction on platinum, the diffusion of the gases in gas-filled electrode pores, the dissolution and diffusion of dissolved gases in liquid-filled electrode pores as well as ionic conduction of protons. The model was based on the multi-layered physical structure of a modern unit fuel cell. The model was first applied to a phosphoric acid fuel cell cathode electrode. Subsequently, the model was applied to a direct propane-oxygen cell. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Parackal, Bhavana. "An Investigation of Low Temperature Direct Propane Fuel Cells." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35896.

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This research is directed toward the investigation of a low temperature direct propane fuel cell (DPFC). Modeling included a parametric study of a direct propane fuel cell using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), specifically FreeFem++ software. Polarization curves predicted by the CFD model were used to understand fuel cell performance. The predictions obtained from the computational fluid dynamics mathematical model for the fuel cell were compared with experimental results. The computational work identified some critical parameters (exchange current density, pressure, temperature) for improving the overall performance of the fuel cell. The model predictions clearly highlighted the role of catalysts in significantly enhancing the overall performance of a DPFC. Experiments were performed using commercial Nafion-Pt based membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) to obtain a basis for comparison. It is the first report in the literature that a Pt-Ru (Platinum-Ruthenium) MEA was used in the investigation of a DPFC. Also, it was the first study that fed liquid water continuously to a DPFC by using interdigitated flow field (IDFF) at the anode to humidify the dry propane feed gas. During the experiments oscillations were observed at very low current densities i.e. in nA/cm2, which is a rare case and not reported in the literature to date. This observation has raised serious concerns about the existence of absolute open-circuit cell potential difference for a DPFC. The cycling behaviour observed with DPFC indicated the presence of a continuous degradation-regeneration process of the catalyst surface near open-circuit potential. The experimental work further evaluated the performance of fuel cell by measurement of polarization curves.
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Khakdaman, Hamidreza. "A Two Dimensional Model of a Direct Propane Fuel Cell with an Interdigitated Flow Field." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22732.

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Increasing environmental concerns as well as diminishing fossil fuel reserves call for a new generation of energy conversion technologies. Fuel cells, which convert the chemical energy of a fuel directly to electrical energy, have been identified as one of the leading alternative energy conversion technologies. Fuel cells are more efficient than conventional heat engines with minimal pollutant emissions and superior scalability. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) which produce electricity from hydrogen have been widely investigated for transportation and stationary applications. The focus of this study is on the Direct Propane Fuel Cell (DPFC), which belongs to the PEMFC family, but consumes propane instead of hydrogen as feedstock. A drawback associated with DPFCs is that the propane reaction rate is much slower than that of hydrogen. Two ideas were suggested to overcome this issue: (i) operating at high temperatures (150-230oC), and (ii) keeping the propane partial pressure at the maximum possible value. An electrolyte material composed of zirconium phosphate (ZrP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) was suggested because it is an acceptable proton conductor at high temperatures. In order to keep the propane partial pressure at the maximum value, interdigitated flow-fields were chosen to distribute propane through the anode catalyst layer. In order to evaluate the performance of a DPFC which operates at high temperature and uses interdigitated flow-fields, a computational approach was chosen. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to create two 2-D mathematical models for DPFCs based on differential conservation equations. Two different approaches were investigated to model species transport in the electrolyte phase of the anode and cathode catalyst layers and the membrane layer. In the first approach, the migration phenomenon was assumed to be the only mechanism of proton transport. However, both migration and diffusion phenomena were considered as mechanisms of species transport in the second approach. Therefore, Ohm's law was used in the first approach and concentrated solution theory (Generalized Stefan-Maxwell equations) was used for the second one. Both models are isothermal. The models were solved numerically by implementing the partial differential equations and the boundary conditions in FreeFEM++ software which is based on Finite Element Methods. Programming in the C++ language was performed and the existing library of C++ classes and tools in FreeFEM++ were used. The final model contained 60 pages of original code, written specifically for this thesis. The models were used to predict the performance of a DPFC with different operating conditions and equipment design parameters. The results showed that using a specific combination of interdigitated flow-fields, ZrP-PTFE electrolyte having a proton conductivity of 0.05 S/cm, and operating at 230oC and 1 atm produced a performance (polarization curve) that was (a) far superior to anything in the DPFC published literature, and (b) competitive with the performance of direct methanol fuel cells. In addition, it was equivalent to that of hydrogen fuel cells at low current densities (30 mA/cm2).
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Vafaeyan, Shadi. "A Density Functional Theory of a Nickel-based Anode Catalyst for Application in a Direct Propane Fuel Cell." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23316.

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The maximum theoretical energy efficiency of fuel cells is much larger than those of the steam-power-turbine cycles that are currently used for generating electrical power. Similarly, direct hydrocarbon fuel cells, DHFCs, can theoretically be much more efficient than hydrogen fuel cells. Unfortunately the current densities (overall reaction rates) of DHFCs are substantially smaller than those of hydrogen fuel cells. The problem is that the exchange current density (catalytic reaction rate) is orders of magnitude smaller for DHFCs. Other work at the University of Ottawa has been directed toward the development of polymer electrolytes for DHFCs that operate above the boiling point of water, making corrosion rates much slower so that precious metal catalysts are not required. Propane (liquefied petroleum gas, LPG) was the hydrocarbon chosen for this research partly because infrastructure for its transportation and storage in rural areas already exists. In this work nickel based catalysts, an inexpensive replacement for the platinum based catalysts used in conventional fuel cells, were examined using density functional theory, DFT. The heats of propane adsorption for 3d metals, when plotted as a function of the number of 3d electrons in the metal atom, had the shape of a volcano plot, with the value for nickel being the peak value of the volcano plot. Also the C-H bond of the central carbon atom was longer for propane adsorbed on nickel than when adsorbed on any of the other metals, suggesting that the species adsorbed on nickel was less likely to desorb than those on other metals. The selectivity of the propyl radical reaction was examined. It was found that propyl radicals
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Hamer, P. "Electrocatalysis towards direct fuel cell applications." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.676493.

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The aim of this thesis is an in depth study of electro-oxidation of ethanol, but also that of alternate fuels to allow a direct comparison under a range of conditions. Polycrystalline metal electrodes are used in a half cell set up as model environment for the electrochemical studies of several catalytic surfaces. Due to the limited research that has been carried out, for the first time chapters 3 and 4 of the thesis provide electrochemical studies into the electro oxidation of ethanol, ethylene glycol, acetaldehyde and acetic acid on polycrystalline rhodium while simultaneously studying temperature, concentration and electrolyte. Chapter 5 investigates the effect of changing platinum coverage on the surface of polycrystalline rhodium on of ethanol electro-oxidation while also changing temperature and concentration. To the best of my knowledge this is an experiment never before carried out and clearly shows the effect of the varying platinum coverage under a range of conditions. Chapters 6&7 investigate electro-oxidation of C2 molecules on polycrystalline platinum again with varying concentration, temperature and electrolyte. Although Chapter 1 shows similar experiments have been carried out before, using the same electrode for all experiments as well as investigating the effect of varying tin coverage on the platinum surface allows for direct comparisons, as well as providing results to compare with the results of the rhodium experiments. Overall, this thesis provides a systematic and comprehensive study into the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol and other C2 molecules using cyclic voltammetry and chrono amperometry techniques to provide activity and stability information to a degree not reported anywhere else.
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Troughton, Gavin L. "Anodes for the direct methanol fuel cell." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335195.

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Joseph, Krishna Sathyamurthy. "Hybrid direct methanol fuel cells." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/44777.

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A new type of fuel cell that combines the advantages of a proton exchange membrane fuel cells and anion exchange membrane fuel cells operated with methanol is demonstrated. Two configurations: one with a high pH anode and low pH cathode (anode hybrid fuel cell (AHFC)),and another with a high pH cathode and a low pH anode (cathode hybrid fuel cell (CHFC)) have been studied in this work. The principle of operation of the hybrid fuel cells were explained. The two different hybrid cell configurations were used in order to study the effect of the electrode fabrication on fuel cell performance. Further, the ionomer content and properties such as the ion exchange capacity and molecular weight were optimized for the best performance. A comparison of the different ionomers with similar properties is carried out in order to obtain the best possible ionomer for the fuel cell. An initial voltage drop was observed at low current density in the AHFC, this was attributed to the alkaline anode and the effect of the ionomers with the new cationic groups were studied on this voltage drop was studied. These ionomers with the different cationic groups were studied in the CHFC design as well. Finally, the use of non platinum catalyst cathode with the CHFC design was also demonstrated for the first time.
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Lam, Vincent Wai Sang. "Development of the direct borohydride fuel cell anode." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42489.

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Direct borohydride fuel cells (DBFC) are a promising technology for meeting increasing energy demands of portable electronic applications. The objective of this dissertation was to contribute to the understanding of borohydride (BH₄⁻) electro-oxidation and the development of the DBFC anode; a component which can influence both the performance and cost of a DBFC system. The first part of the investigation involves the elucidation of the BH₄⁻ electro-oxidation mechanism on Pt. The BH₄⁻ electro-oxidation mechanism was studied by correlating the results obtained by the electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique (EQCM) and the rotating disk electrode technique (RDE) with density functional theory (DFT) calculations from the literature. It was found that BH₄⁻ electro-oxidation on Pt resulted in the adsorption of reaction intermediates, such as BH₂OHad and BOHad, which required high oxidizing potentials to desorb/ oxidize from the catalyst surface. It was also found that the BH₄⁻ oxidation mechanisms (Langmuir – Hinshelwood versus Eley - Rideal) were dictated by the availability of Pt-sites and the competitive adsorption of OH⁻ and BH₄⁻. The second part involves an investigation of the performance of three different carbon black supported anode catalysts: Pt, PtRu, and Os, with a focus on Os catalysts. Fundamental electrochemical methods combined with fuel cell experiments revealed that osmium nanoparticles are kinetically superior and stable catalysts for BH₄⁻ electro-oxidation compared to Pt and PtRu. It was also found that supported Os electrocatalysts appear to favour the direct oxidation of BH₄⁻ in comparison to Pt, and PtRu electrocatalysts. The final section of this dissertation focuses on the effect of electrocatalyst support and anode design on the performance of the DBFC anode. It was found that the Vulcan® XC-72 supported catalyst alleviated mass transfer related problems associated with hydrogen generation from BH₄⁻ hydrolysis. The most significant improvement was obtained when using the graphite substrate supported catalysts (three-dimensional anodes). Fuel cell studies revealed power densities of 103 mW cm⁻² to 130 mW cm⁻² achieved by 1.7 mg cm⁻² Os and ~1 mg cm⁻² PtRu three-dimensional electrodes respectively at 333 K, using an O₂ oxidant at 4.4 atm (abs), and a 0.5 M NaBH₄ – 2 M NaOH anolyte composition.
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Nordlund, Joakim. "The Anode in the Direct Methanol Fuel Cell." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Chemical Engineering and Technology, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3676.

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The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a very promisingpower source for low power applications. High power and energydensity, low emissions, operation at or near ambientconditions, fast and convenient refuelling and a potentiallyrenewable fuel source are some of the features that makes thefuel cell very promising. However, there are a few problemsthat have to be overcome if we are to see DMFCs in our everydaylife. One of the drawbacks is the low performance of the DMFCanode. In order to make a better anode, knowledge about whatlimits the performance is of vital importance. With theknowledge about the limitations of the anode, the flow field,gas diffusion layer and the morphology of the electrode can bemodified for optimum performance.

The aim of this thesis is to elucidate the limiting factorsof the DMFC anode. A secondary goal is to create a model of theperformance, which also has a low computational cost so that itcan be used as a sub model in more complex system models. Toreach the primary goal, to elucidate the limiting factors, amodel has to be set up that describes the most importantphysical principles occurring in the anode.

In addition, experiments have to be performed to validatethe model. To reach the secondary goal, the model has to bereduced to a minimum. A visual DMFC has been developed alongwith a methodology to extract two-phase data. This has provento be a very important part of the understanding of thelimiting factors. Models have been developed from a detailedmodel of the active layer to a two-phase model including theentire three-dimensional anode.

The results in the thesis show that the microstructure inthe active layer does not limit the performance. Thelimitations are rather caused by the slow oxidation kineticsand, at concentrations lower than 2 M of methanol, the masstransport resistance to and inside the active layer. Theresults also show that the mass transfer of methanol to theactive layer is improved if gas phase is present, especiallyfor higher temperatures since the gas phase then contains moremethanol.

It is concluded that the mass transport resistance lower theperformance of a porous DMFC anode at the methanolconcentrations used today. It is also concluded that masstransfer may be improved by making sure that there is gas phasepresent, which can be done by choosing flow distributor and gasdiffusion layer well.

Keywords: direct methanol fuel cell, fuel cell, DMFC, anode,model

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Hogarth, Martin P. "The development of the direct methanol fuel cell." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295055.

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Books on the topic "Direct Propane Fuel Cell"

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Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology. Elsevier, 2020.

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Dutta, Kingshuk. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology. Elsevier, 2020.

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Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2018-0-04199-7.

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Polymer Electrolyte Membrane And Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology. Woodhead Publishing, 2012.

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Polymer Electrolye Membrane And Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Technology. Woodhead Publishing, 2012.

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Hartnig, Christoph, and Christina Roth. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095473.

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Hartnig, Christoph, and Christina Roth. Polymer electrolyte membrane and direct methanol fuel cell technology. Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857095480.

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Abderezzak, Bilal. Introduction to Transfer Phenomena in PEM Fuel Cell. Elsevier, 2018.

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Company, Ford Motor. Direct Hydrogen-Fueled Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications: Conceptual Vehicle Design Report: Pure Fuel Cell POW. Business/Technology Books (B/T Books), 1997.

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Company, Ford Motor. Direct Hydrogen-Fueled Proton-Exchange-Membrane Fuel Cell System for Transportation Applications: Conceptual Vehicle Design Report: Battery Augmented. Business/Technology Books (B/T Books), 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Direct Propane Fuel Cell"

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Larminie, James, and Andrew Dicks. "Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." In Fuel Cell Systems Explained, 141–61. West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd,., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118878330.ch6.

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Arico, Antonino Salvatore. "Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 568–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_183.

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Arico, Antonino Salvatore. "Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC)." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_183-2.

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Shi, Yixiang, Ningsheng Cai, Tianyu Cao, and Jiujun Zhang. "Solid Oxide Direct Carbon Fuel Cell." In High-Temperature Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 145–202. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. | Series: Electrochemical energy store & conversion: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22506-5.

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Mukherjee, Ayan, and Suddhasatwa Basu. "Direct Hydrocarbon Low-temperature Fuel Cell." In Electrocatalysts for Low Temperature Fuel Cells, 113–43. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527803873.ch4.

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Gomes, Janaina Fernandes, Patricia Maria Patrizi Pratta, and Germano Tremiliosi-Filho. "Electro-oxidation of 3-Carbon Alcohols and Its Viability for Fuel Cell Application." In Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells, 79–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7708-8_4.

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Shah, Virang G., Donald J. Hayes, and David B. Wallace. "Ink-Jet as Direct-Write Technology for Fuel Cell Packaging and Manufacturing." In Fuel Cell Electronics Packaging, 205–37. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-47324-6_11.

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Jones, W. Kinzy, Naveen Savaram, and Norman Munroe. "A Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Using Cermet Electrodes in Low Temperature Cofire Ceramics." In Fuel Cell Electronics Packaging, 165–80. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-47324-6_9.

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Yuh, Chao-Yi, and Mohammad Farooque. "High-temperature direct fuel cell material experience." In Advances in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells X, 9–22. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119040637.ch2.

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Yuh, Qiao-Yi, A. Hilmi, and R. Venkataraman. "High-Temperature Direct Fuel Cell Material Experience." In Ceramic Transactions Series, 89–100. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119234531.ch8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Direct Propane Fuel Cell"

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Bharath, Sudharsan. "Low-Temperature Direct Propane Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (DPFC)." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97001.

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The low-temperature Direct Propane Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (DPFC) based on low-cost modified membranes was demonstrated for the first time. The propane is fed into the fuel cell directly without the need for reforming. A PBI membrane doped with acid and a Nafion 117 membrane modified or non-modified with silicotungstic acid were used as the polymer membranes. The anode was based on Pt, Pt-Ru or Pt/CrO3 electro catalysts and the cathode was based on a Pt electro catalyst. For non-optimized fuel cells based on H2SO4 doped PBI membranes and Pt/CrO3 anode, the open circuit potential was 1.0 Volt and the current density at 0.40 Volt was 118 mA.cm-2 at 95°C. For fuel cells based on Nafion 117 membranes modified with silicotungstic acid and on Pt/CrO3, the open-circuit voltage was 0.98 Volt and the current density at 0.40 Volt was 108 mA.cm-2 while fuel cells based on non-modified Nafion 117 membranes exhibited an open-circuit voltage of 0.8 Volt and the current density at 0.40 Volt was 42 mA.cm-2. It was also shown that propane fuel cells using anodes based on Pt-Ru/C anode (42 mW.cm-2) exhibit a similar maximum power density to that exhibited by fuel cells based on Pt-CrO3/C-anode (46 mW.cm-2), while DPFC using a Pt/C-based anode exhibited lower maximum power density (18 mW.cm-2) than fuel cells based on the Pt-CrO3/C anode (46 mW.cm-2).
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Milcarek, Ryan J., and Jeongmin Ahn. "Micro-Tubular Flame-Assisted Fuel Cell Power Generation Running Propane and Butane." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7175.

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Direct use of propane and butane in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) is desirable due to the availability of the fuel source, but is challenging due to carbon coking, particularly on the commercially available Ni+YSZ anode. A novel dual chamber Flame-assisted Fuel Cell (FFC) configuration with micro-tubular SOFCs (mT-SOFCs) is proposed for direct use of higher hydrocarbon fuels. Combustion exhaust for propane and butane fuels is analyzed experimentally and compared with chemical equilibrium. mT-SOFC polarization and power density testing in the FFC configuration with propane and butane fuels is discussed. Peak power and electrical efficiency conditions are assessed by varying the fuel-rich combustion equivalence ratio and flow rate. Carbon deposition and soot formation on the Ni+YSZ anode is investigated with a scanning electron microscope. The results indicate that reasonable power density (∼289 mW.cm−2) can be achieved while limiting soot formation in the flame and carbon deposition on the anode. Electrical efficiency based on the higher heating value of the fuels is analyzed and future research is recommended. Possible applications of the technology include small scale power generation, cogeneration and combined cycle power plants.
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Czernichowski, Albin, Mieczyslaw Czernichowski, and Krystyna Wesolowska. "GlidArc-Assisted Production of Synthesis Gas Through Propane Partial Oxidation." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1716.

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Commercial propane can contain up to 300 ppm of Sulfur so that reforming technologies based on catalytic processes can not be directly applied without prior cleaning of such a feed in order to avoid the reformer’s catalyst poisoning (while some Solid Oxide Fuel Cells can accept Sulfur-polluted syngas). We run our reforming process in a presence of high-voltage discharges (called GlidArc) that assist the Partial Oxidation of pure or polluted propane. Electric consumption for this non-catalytic reformer is less than 2% of a Fuel Cell electric output. Recycling such a small portion of the electric energy is, in our opinion, an acceptable compromise as our active (and also very simple) GlidArc discharges play a role of an igniter and homogeneous phase catalyst; they also stabilize a post-plasma zone of our reformer. Our 1-Liter reactor works at atmospheric pressure and needs less than 100 W of electric assistance to produce up to 3 m3(n)/h of pure syngas corresponding to about 10 kW of electric power of an ideal Fuel Cell. The propane is totally reformed at more than 70% energetic efficiency and at the total absence of soot.
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Czernichowski, Albin, Piotr Czernichowski, and Krystyna Wesolowska. "Plasma-Catalytical Partial Oxidation of Various Carbonaceous Feeds Into Synthesis Gas." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2537.

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We propose a sulfur-resistant process in which a gaseous or liquid carbonaceous matter is converted into the Synthesis Gas in a presence of high-voltage cold-plasma (“GlidArc”) that assists the exothermal Partial Oxidation. This process is performed in our 0.6 to 2-Liter reactors using atmospheric air. The reactants are mixed at the reactor entry without use of vaporizers or nozzles. Our process is initiated in the discharges’ zone in presence of active electrons, ions, and radicals generated directly in the entering mixture. Then the partially reacted steam enters a post-plasma zone of the same reactor. This zone is filled with a metallic and/or mineral material. We found several solids that present some catalytic properties enhanced by high temperatures and active species generated in the cold plasma. Atmospheric pressure reforming is presently studied. This paper recalls our earlier tests with natural gas, propane, cyclohexane, heptane, toluene, various gasolines, diesel oils (including logistic ones), and the Rapeseed oil. New experiments are then presented on the reforming of heavy naphtha and an aviation fuel. The synthesis gas issued from the last one has been successfully converted into electric energy in an on-line inserted Solid Oxide fuel Cell. All tested feeds are totally reformed into Hydrogen, Carbon Monoxide and some Methane. Other components are Steam and Carbon Dioxide. All these products are diluted in Nitrogen coming from the air. No soot, coke or tars are produced even from highly aromatic liquids. The output Synthesis Gas power issued as the result of our tests can presently reach 11 kW (accounted as the Lower Heating Value of produced H2 + CO stream). Only 0.05–0.2 kW of electric power is necessary to drive such cold-plasma-assisted reformer. Up to 45 vol.% of H2 + CO mixture (dry basis) is produced in long runs. We obtain a better than 70% thermal efficiency of the process (defined as the output combustion enthalpy of H2 + CO at 25°C concerning the Lower Heating Value of the feed). However a large part of remaining percentage of the energy leaving the reformer (the sensitive heat and CH4 at 2–3 vol.% level) can be further reused in the high-temperature Fuel Cells.
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Samanta, Indraneel, Ramesh K. Shah, and Ali Ogut. "An Investigation of DIR-MCFC Based Cooling, Heating and Power System." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2003-1742.

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The fuel cell is an emerging technology for stationary power generation because of their higher energy conversion efficiency and extremely low environmental pollution. Fuel cell systems with cogeneration have even higher overall efficiency. Cogeneration can be defined as simultaneous production of electric power and useful heat from burning of single fuel. A fuel cell produces electrical energy by electrolytic process involving chemical reaction between H2 (fuel) and O2 (Air). Previous works have focussed on running the system in combination with gas turbines. We investigate the possibility of running an absorption chiller as a cogeneration system focussing on a 250 kW Direct Internal Reforming Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (DIR-MCFC) powering a LiBr-Water absorption chiller. The objective of this work is to propose a cogeneration system capable of enhancing the profitability and efficiency of a MCFC for independent distributed power generation. Natural gas is used as fuel and O2 is used from atmospheric air. Two possibilities are evaluated to recover heat from the exhaust of the MCFC: (1) all waste heat available being used for providing hot water in the building and powering an absorption chiller in summer, and (2) hot water supply and space heating in winter. There is an increased cost saving for each case along with improved system efficiency. Based on these considerations payback period for each case is presented.
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Joglekar, Nitin, Emre Guzelsu, Malay Mazumder, Adam Botts, and Clifford Ho. "A Levelized Cost Metric for EDS-Based Cleaning of Mirrors in CSP Power Plants." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6496.

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Integration of electro-dynamic screens (EDS) on mirrors in CSP power plants is an emergent and environmentally conservative technology. It can remove the deposited dust from these mirrors and thus maintain high reflectivity continuously through the plant life. We propose a levelized cost of mirror cleaning (LCOMC) metric to link the EDS-enhanced reflectivity gains with the relevant product and installation costs, as well as with the direct and indirect costs associated with plant operation and maintenance. The LCOMC metric accounts for the fact that enhanced reflectivity owing to EDS technology allows the plant operators to specify a suitably smaller optical capacity plant in order to deliver a fixed power production target. We illustrate our proposal with a dataset on deluge cleaning of a scaled solar power plant configuration. For the configuration studied, it is shown that, if the EDS technology production and installation cost is $10/m2, then its LCOMC is 7.9% below the LCOMC for a comparable deluge cleaning alternative. Thus, the proposed LCOMC metric provides a methodology for systemic assessment of the economic impact of the EDS technology (and other mirror cleaning technologies), early in its technology development cycle.
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Kajitani, S., C. L. Chen, M. Oguma, M. Alam, and K. T. Rhee. "Direct Injection Diesel Engine Operated with Propane - DME Blended Fuel." In International Fall Fuels and Lubricants Meeting and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/982536.

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Bloomfield, Valerie J., and Robert Townsend. "Hydrodynamic Direct Carbon Fuel Cell." In ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2014-6593.

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There are many possibilities for the direct carbon fuel cell approach including hydroxide and molten carbonate electrolytes, solid oxides capable of consuming dry carbon, and hybrids of solid oxide and molten carbonate technologies. The challenges in fabricating this type of fuel cell are many including how to transport the dry solids into the reactant chamber and how to transport the spent fuel (ash) out of the chamber for continuous operation[1]. We accomplish ash removal by utilizing a hydrodynamic approach, where inert gas or steam is injected into the anode chamber causing the carbon particles to circulate. This provides a means of moving the particles to a location where they can be separated or removed from the system. The graphic below illustrates how we segregate the spent fuel from the fresh fuel by creating multiple chambers. Each sequential chamber will have a reduced performance until the fuel is fully spent. At that point, the electrolyte/ash mixture can be removed from the cell area and cleaned for recycling or discarded.
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Scott, K. "The direct methanol fuel cell." In IEE Colloquium on Compact Power Sources. IEE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19960681.

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Daly, Joseph M., and Mohammad Farooque. "Effective Sulfur Control for Fuel Cells: FCE Experience." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33192.

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Most of the fuel cell systems are designed to operate on commonly available gaseous hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas, propane and anaerobic digester gas. These fuels contain a myriad of sulfur compounds, some present as contaminants from the source and others added as odorant for notification of a gas leak. Sulfur is a known poison for the fuel cell anodes and reforming catalysts. Therefore, the sulfur compounds present in the fuel are required to be removed prior to entering the fuel cell system. FuelCell Energy has developed an ambient-temperature sulfur removal system with high sulfur capacity for fuel cell applications. The attractive features of the design are simplicity, small size, and long life resulting in a low-cost and compact sulfur control solution. The system has been proven on natural gas, liquefied natural gas, propane and ADG. The FCE system performance with different types of fuels (NG, LNG, and propane) will be discussed in this paper.
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Reports on the topic "Direct Propane Fuel Cell"

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Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh. DIRECT FUEL/CELL/TURBINE POWER PLANT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/825367.

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Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh. DIRECT FUEL CELL/TURBINE POWER PLANT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/835263.

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Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh. DIRECT FUEL CELL/TURBINE POWER PLANT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821186.

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Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh. DIRECT FUEL CELL/TURBINE POWER PLANT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821188.

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Hossein Ghezel-Ayagh. DIRECT FUEL CELL/TURBINE POWER PLANT. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821189.

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Maru, H. C., and M. Farooque. Direct fuel cell product design improvement. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460220.

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Hall, Timothy, Corey Grice, Bogdan Gurau, and Paul McGinn. Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Battery Replacement Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada545949.

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Perry, Michael L. Exploratory fuel-cell research: I. Direct-hydrocarbon polymer-electrolyte fuel cell. II. Mathematical modeling of fuel-cell cathodes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/451226.

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Shin, Dong Ryul, Doo Hwan Jung, Chang Hyeong Lee, and Young Gab Chun. Performance of direct methanol polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460316.

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Yuh, Chao Yi, and A. Hilmi. Smart Matrix Development for Direct Carbonate Fuel Cell. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1439104.

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