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Journal articles on the topic 'Direct runoff hydrograph'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Pravendra Kumar and J. K. Singh. "Runoff Prediction: Use of Muskingum Model for a Small Watershed." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 49, no. 2 (2024): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2012492.1476.

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An effort was made to develop a mathematical model using unit-step and transfer functions approach for Karkara watershed of Tilaiya dam catchment in Upper Damodar Valley of Jharkhand State of India for estimating direct runoff hydrographs on storm basis. The model used rainfall data in blocks of finite duration represented by unit step function. The outflow hydrograph ordinates were obtained by taking inverse Laplace transform of product of Laplace transforms of the transfer function (Laplace transform of Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph) and the input (effective rainfall). The direct runoff hydr

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Seo, Y., N. J. Choi, and A. R. Schmidt. "Contribution of directly connected and isolated impervious areas to urban drainage network hydrographs." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 10, no. 5 (2013): 5605–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-10-5605-2013.

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Abstract. This paper addresses the mass balance error observed in runoff hydrographs in urban watersheds by introducing assumptions regarding the contribution of infiltrated rainfall from pervious areas and isolated impervious area (IIA) to the runoff hydrograph. Rainfall infiltrating into pervious areas has been assumed not to contribute to the runoff hydrograph until Hortonian excess rainfall occurs. However, mass balance analysis in an urban watershed indicates that rainfall infiltrated to pervious areas can contribute to direct runoff hydrograph, thereby offering an explanation for the lon

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Pravendra Kumar, J. K. Singh, and S. B. Singh. "Runoff Prediction by Linear Discrete Input-output Model." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 45, no. 4 (2008): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2008454.1349.

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A mathematical model incorporating discrete linear input-output approach for Karkara watershed of Tilaiya dam catchment in Upper Damodar Valley of Jharkhand State of India was developed for estimating direct runoff hydrographs on storm basis. In this model, the rainfall data in blocks of finite duration are represented by the unit-step function. The direct runoff hydrograph ordinates are obtained directly as the inverse Laplace transform of the product of Laplace transform of the input and the transfer function (i.e. Laplace transform of instantaneous unit hydrograph) of the system. The parame

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Seo, Y., N. J. Choi, and A. R. Schmidt. "Contribution of directly connected and isolated impervious areas to urban drainage network hydrographs." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17, no. 9 (2013): 3473–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-3473-2013.

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Abstract. This paper addresses the mass balance error observed in runoff hydrographs in urban watersheds by introducing assumptions regarding the contribution of infiltrated rainfall from pervious areas and isolated impervious area (IIA) to the runoff hydrograph. Rainfall infiltrating into pervious areas has been assumed not to contribute to the runoff hydrograph until Hortonian excess rainfall occurs. However, mass balance analysis in an urban watershed indicates that rainfall infiltrated to pervious areas can contribute directly to the runoff hydrograph, thereby offering an explanation for t

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Hossain, Sharif, Guna Alankarage Hewa, and Subhashini Wella-Hewage. "A Comparison of Continuous and Event-Based Rainfall–Runoff (RR) Modelling Using EPA-SWMM." Water 11, no. 3 (2019): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030611.

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This study investigates the comparative performance of event-based and continuous simulation modelling of a stormwater management model (EPA-SWMM) in calculating total runoff hydrographs and direct runoff hydrographs. Myponga upstream and Scott Creek catchments in South Australia were selected as the case study catchments and model performance was assessed using a total of 36 streamflow events from the period of 2001 to 2004. Goodness-of-fit of the EPA-SWMM models developed using automatic calibration were assessed using eight goodness-of-fit measures including Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE),

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R V. Patil, A. A. Atre, G.L. Chunale, N.L. Bote, G.B. Guta, and V.P. Patil. "Modeling Direct Runoff Hydrograph Using GAMMA Distribution Function." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 45, no. 3 (2008): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2008453.1341.

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Gamma distribution function can have variety of shapes including single peaked positively skewed graph having unit area under the curve, which perfectly matches the graphical presentation of unit hydrograph. The shape and scale parameters can be evaluated from the observed peak runoff rate and time to peak duration by iterative method. Unit hydrograph assumes uniformly distributed storm over the entire area of the watershed hence, a small experimental watershed of 0.12 sq. km at Zonal Agricultural Research Station, Shenda Park, Kolhapur (India) was considered for the. application of model. In

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7

R. S. Rana. "Development and Evaluation of Extreme Value Type-I Unit Hydrograph Model." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 44, no. 2 (2007): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2007442.1265.

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The hydrologic data of 452.25 km2 Chaukhutia watershed of Ramganga reservoir catchment in Uttarakhand was analyzed to develop unit hydrograph model using the extreme value type-I distribution function. The parameters of the model were determined by method of moments. The direct runoff hydrographs were developed by convolving effective rainfall values with one-hour unit hydrograph (I-hUH) for evaluating the prediction performance of the model. The quantitative performance based on statistical measures like coefficient of efficiency and absolute relative error in computed peak flow rates were ev

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Anil Kumar and Devendra Kumar. "Prediction of Direct Runoff from a Hilly Watershed without Using Past Data of Rainfall and Runoff." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 41, no. 1 (2004): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2004411.1070.

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A geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (OIUH) model, based on kinematic-wave and stream order ratios, has been developed to predict the direct runoff hydrograph from a hilly sub-watershed of Ramganga river catchment in Uttaranchal (India). The travel times for overland and stream flows in a stream-ordering system of the watershed have been determined analytically and probabilistically to derive the OIUH, without using the past record of rainfall and runoff data. The performance evaluation of the developed model indicates that the predicted and observed direct runoff hydrographs for the

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9

Camacho, V. V., A. M. L. Saraiva Okello, J. W. Wenninger, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Understanding runoff processes in a semi-arid environment through isotope and hydrochemical hydrograph separations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 1 (2015): 975–1015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-975-2015.

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Abstract. The understanding of runoff generation mechanisms is crucial for the sustainable management of river basins such as the allocation of water resources or the prediction of floods and droughts. However, identifying the mechanisms of runoff generation has been a challenging task, even more so in arid and semi-arid areas where high rainfall and streamflow variability, high evaporation rates, and deep groundwater reservoirs increase the complexity of hydrological process dynamics. Isotope and hydrochemical tracers have proven to be useful in identifying runoff components and their charact

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Hanif, Fatima, and Ahsan Ali. "Direct runoff hydrograph model’s collation for a Pakistan’s region." Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 41, no. 4 (2023): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2204.20.

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Rainfall-Runoff modeling is among the classical applications of hydrology. This paper examines the results of 3 hydrologic approaches, particularly Clark Model, Nash Model, and Geomorphic Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Model. Assumptions are forwarded for the long run use of the Rawalpindi Division, Pakistan’s Small Dam Organization. The catchment of Shahpur Dam was an area under consideration for the study. The Digital elevation model (DEM) was implicated to measure the Nash and Clark model’s geomorphic parameters. Using ArcGIS, catchment satellite imagery was processed to estimate geomorpholo

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Camacho Suarez, V. V., A. M. L. Saraiva Okello, J. W. Wenninger, and S. Uhlenbrook. "Understanding runoff processes in a semi-arid environment through isotope and hydrochemical hydrograph separations." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 10 (2015): 4183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-4183-2015.

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Abstract. The understanding of runoff generation mechanisms is crucial for the sustainable management of river basins such as the allocation of water resources or the prediction of floods and droughts. However, identifying the mechanisms of runoff generation has been a challenging task, even more so in arid and semi-arid areas where high rainfall and streamflow variability, high evaporation rates, and deep groundwater reservoirs may increase the complexity of hydrological process dynamics. Isotope and hydrochemical tracers have proven to be useful in identifying runoff components and their cha

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12

Ginting, Bobby Minola. "Artificial viscosity technique for direct runoff calculation." E3S Web of Conferences 429 (2023): 02005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342902005.

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In this study, an Artificial Viscosity (AV) technique was developed for direct runoff calculation, instead of using the conventional Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) methods. We solved the Shallow Water Equations (SWE) with second-order accurate Godunov finite volume model and fourth-order Runge-Kutta explicit scheme. The AV technique was devised with a Laplacian and a biharmonic operator, and employed to solve the convective terms of the SWE. This technique was applied to rainfall-runoff laboratory cases with the measured rainfall and observed direct runoff values. For comparison purpose, seve

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Afkril, Baina, M. Pramono Hadi, and Slamet Suprayogi. "A New Algorithm For The Grid Cell-Based Runoff Routing Model Based on Travel Time Concept." Geosfera Indonesia 5, no. 2 (2020): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/geosi.v5i2.17351.

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The grid cell-based routing model has recently been used to simulate direct runoff hydrographs at catchment scales. This study develops a flexible event-based runoff routing algorithm to simulate a direct runoff hydrograph (DRH). The experiment was based on the spatiotemporal inputs of a hydrological data set. The flexibility is based on the time step and grid cell size applied in the original STORE-DHM. Rainfall distribution was obtained using radar data adjusted by the measured point ground, while the runoff yield was determined using the NRCS-CN method. The parameter distribution was captur

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14

Khidir, Khalid Mahmoud. "Evaluation of the Storms Direct Runoff Prediction Methods used for Goizha-Dabashan Watershed." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 30, no. 2 (2023): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.2.8.

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The Momentum and Aron & White evaluating methods have been adopted to estimate the Nash Instantaneous Hydrograph parameters (IUH), while the two methods of excess rainfall (Ф-index and Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) were applied in a model using a developed computer program in MATLAB to predict the direct runoff hydrograph for Goizha-Dabashan watershed located in the northeast of Iraq. In the verification stage, both Nash IUH optimal parameters of the storms and the average optimal values of the same parameters estimated in the calibration stage were applied and compared. Th

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15

Seo, Y., and S. Y. Park. "Prediction of direct runoff hydrographs utilizing stochastic network models: a case study in South Korea." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 10 (2014): 11247–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-11247-2014.

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Abstract. In this study, we combine stochastic network models that reproduce the actual width function and the width function based instantaneous unit hydrograph (WFIUH) that directly makes use of a width function and converts it into runoff hydrographs. We evaluated the stochastic network models in terms of reproducing the actual width function and also the robustness of the semi-distributed model (WFIUH) in application to a test watershed in South Korea. The stochastic network model has an advantage that it replicates width functions of actual river networks, whereas the WFIUH has an advanta

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Ghumman, A. R., Y. Ghazaw, R. H. Abdel-Maguid, and A. Zafar. "Investigating Parameters of Geomorphic Direct Runoff Hydrograph Models." Water Resources 46, no. 1 (2019): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0097807819010068.

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17

Arifin, Muhammad, Entin Hidayah, and Wiwik Yunarni Widiarti. "COMPARISON OF SCS UH AND CLARK METHODS FOR RAINFALL–RUNOFF MODEL IN DELUWANG WATERSHED." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil dan Lingkungan 2, no. 01 (2018): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jrsl.v2i01.6845.

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Deluwang River water source is widely used for the needs of irrigation, plantation, and the fulfillment of domestic life. Given the importance of the role of water in Deluwang watershed, then he had to do the management of watershed. The proper management of watershed hydrological modeling requires accurate. Rainfall-runoff using HEC-HMS applications. This research aims tocomparison 2 methods in direct runoff. Therefore this study uses two methods, namely SCS Unit Hydrograph method and method of Clark Unit Hydrograph. On the calibration process using daily rainfall data and daily debit year 20

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18

A. Sarangi, D. K. Singh, and A. K. Singh. "Development of a Geomorphology based Model for Prediction of Surface Run off from Ungauged Watersheds." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 44, no. 4 (2007): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2007444.1295.

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Presence of a plethora of ungauged and inadequately gauged watersheds in India necessitates development of models for these watersheds to predict the hydrologic responses with acceptable accuracy. Besides the Curve Number (CN) approach, the geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) models are adopted by the researchers for estimation of surface runoff from ungauged watersheds. This paper discusses the adequacy of a modified exponential distributed geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (ED-GIUH) model in generating direct run off hydrographs (DRHs). The ED-GIUH concept was used

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Máca, P., and P. Torfs. "The influence of temporal rainfall distribution in the flood runoff modelling." Soil and Water Research 4, Special Issue 2 (2010): S102—S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/471-swr.

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The rainfall input is one of the main factors influencing the magnitude of the runoff response during a flood event. Its temporal and spatial distribution significantly contributes to the formation of hydrograph shape, peak discharge and flood volume. A novel approach to the evaluation of the role of the temporal rainfall pattern of hydrograph is presented in this contribution. The methodology shown is based on the coupling of the deterministic event based runoff model with the stochastic rainfall disaggregation model. The rainfall model simulates the hyetograph ensemble, which is the direct i

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20

Yana, Juwita Novi, Dyah Indriana Kusumastuti, and Dwi Joko Winarno. "Analisis Metode Aliran Permukaan Langsung (Direct Runoff) Sungai Way Besai Menggunakan Software HEC-HMS." Jurnal Rekayasa Sipil dan Desain 8, no. 4 (2021): 649–58. https://doi.org/10.23960/jrsdd.v8i4.1515.

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The river is a gathering place for water in the surrounding environment which flows towards a lower place. Way Besai river is located in Sumberjaya sub-district, West Lampung district which has an area of 410.72 km2. Direct runoff needs to be carried out on the Way Besai river to determine the flood hydrograph that occurs in the Way Besai river. The HEC-HMS model is a numerical hydrological model developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) of the US Army Corps Of Engineers.The methods used in direct flow runoff in the HEC-HMS software are the SCS UH method, the Clark's UH method and t

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Melone, Florisa, Corrado Corradini, and Vijay P. Singh. "Simulation of the direct runoff hydrograph at basin outlet." Hydrological Processes 12, no. 5 (1998): 769–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1085(19980430)12:5<769::aid-hyp624>3.0.co;2-k.

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Ahmad, Muhammad Masood, Abdul Razzaq Ghumman, and Sajjad Ahmad. "Estimation of Clark’s Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph Parameters and Development of Direct Surface Runoff Hydrograph." Water Resources Management 23, no. 12 (2009): 2417–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11269-008-9388-8.

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Gustama, Gustama, Fadillah Sabri, and Donny Fransiskus Manalu. "KESESUAIAN HIDROGRAF SATUAN SINTETIK TERHADAP HIDROGRAF SATUAN TERUKUR(STUDI KASUS SUB SUB DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI PEDINDANG BAGIAN TENGAH)." FROPIL (Forum Profesional Teknik Sipil) 6, no. 1 (2018): 29–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/fropil.v6i1.1263.

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A widely used method for analyzing river flow for flood forecasts is hydrograph unit. The hydrograph unit is a direct runoff hydrograph that can be created when there are AWLR record data, debit measurements and rainfall data. Synthetic Unit Hydrograph (SUH) is a unit hydrograph derived based on river data in the same watershed or nearby watershed but has the same characteristics, ie HSS Gama I, HSS Nakayasu, Limasan HSS, HSS Snyder and HSS SCS. Of the two hydrographs, there will be suitability of the hydrograph form that is going to be made. Sub territory of Pedindang River Basin has four flo

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Christopher, Cleon, Bobby Minola Ginting, Doddi Yudianto, and Albert Wicaksono. "Comparison of Direct Runoff Values Between Numerical Model and Convolution of Synthetic Unit Hydrograph Method." MEDIA KOMUNIKASI TEKNIK SIPIL 28, no. 1 (2022): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mkts.v28i1.42309.

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This paper compares the results of direct runoff obtained by a numerical model of the shallow water equations (SWE) with the synthetic unit hydrograph (SUH) methods generally used in Indonesia. It is known that such SUH methods are still empirical, thus making it difficult for users to determine a representative method. Meanwhile, the hydrodynamic approach such as the SWE numerical model can achieve more accurate results in predicting the direct runoff compared to the SUH methods, because the model itself is derived mathematically based on the physical processes. The findings indicate that the

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Myrabø, Steinar. "Runoff Studies in a Small Catchment." Hydrology Research 17, no. 4-5 (1986): 335–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.1986.0025.

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This paper discusses results from a field study in a small East-Norwegian catchment. The main object of the study was to separate the different runoff processes in a small catchment. Direct measurements of precipitation snowmelt, runoff and the saturated basin area were undertaken in the field together with chemical hydrograph separation. A functional relation between saturated area and runoff was established showing that the initial runoff being a good moisture indicator for a basin. Further the hydrograph of pure saturated overlandflow (produced from rain on the saturated area) may be separa

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Manoj, Gundalia. "Nash IUH Model Parameters Estimation using Method of Moments and C Programming." Journal of Water Resource Research and Development 4, no. 1 (2021): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4609940.

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Parameter estimation of any model remains a very challenging problem since last few decades due to its non-convexity and ill-conditioning. The non-convexity of the parameter estimation problem usually resolved by using suitable global optimization methods while ill-conditioning and over fitting problems can be reduced with the help of regularization techniques. Nowadays, application of efficient advanced computing techniques and robust optimization algorithm are applied in model calibration, but none of them provide a unique value of parameter. Nash proposed the instantaneous unit hydrograph i

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MP Verma and RA Rastogi. "Determination of weighting factor x, for Chaukhutia watershed of Ramganga reservoir." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 37, no. 03 (2024): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2000373.0937.

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The present paper outlines a strategy for computation of weighting factor (x) to compute the peak discharge for a given rainfall runoff event in a basin. The time invariant instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) was converted into unit hydrograph (UH) for each storm event. The peak and time to peak of runoff discharge are estimated for different storms of the basin by convolution of UH with rainfall excess (Re). The relative weights of the storm characteristics and basin parameters are also used in the prediction of peak. The Chaukhutia watershed of Ramganga reservoir catchment was selected to ch

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Gehbrehiwot, Anghesom, and Dmitry Kozlov. "GIUH-Nash based runoff prediction for Debarwa catchment in Eritrea." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199705001.

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Correct assessment of river flow is necessary to resolve a wide range of problems in the management and use of water resources. Recently, research towards the use of geomorphologic instantaneous unit hydrograph (GIUH) coupled with other conceptual models approach for flood prediction from ungauged catchments has been intensified. Widespread accessibility to geographic information system and remotely sensed imagery which are powerful tools for acquiring model inputs is one possible reason. This study, therefore, aims at direct surface runoff (DSRO) prediction using the geomorphologic instantane

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Ayuni, Tiara Puspita, Ade Jaya Saputra, and Jody Martin Ginting. "Analisis Banjir Metode Hidrograf Satuan Sintetis SCS dan Nakayasu DAS Pesung, Batam." Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Sipil 20, no. 2 (2023): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/jirs.v20i2.1031.

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Design discharge is discharge with a certain return period which is used as a reference or parameter in a water building construction planning. Calculation of the design discharge can be done by using the synthetic unit hydrograph method. The calculation of the planned discharge using the Nakayasu and SCS-CN synthetic unit hydrographs aims to compare the calculation of the maximum discharge in the Pesung Watershed, Batam. The design discharge analysis was carried out without calibrating with AWLR data (observed flow) due to the unavailability of AWLR data at the study site. Thus, in this study

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Parmentier, B., J. Dooge, and M. Bruen. "Root selection methods in flood analysis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 2 (2003): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-151-2003.

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Abstract. In the 1970s, de Laine developed a root-matching procedure for estimating unit hydrograph ordinates from estimates of the fast component of the total runoff from multiple storms. Later, Turner produced a root selection method which required only data from one storm event and was based on recognising a pattern typical of unit hydrograph roots. Both methods required direct runoff data, i.e. prior separation of the slow response. This paper introduces a further refinement, called root separation, which allows the estimation of both the unit hydrograph ordinates and the effective precipi

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Khidir, Khalid Mahmoud. "Developing an Empirical Relations between Nash Model Parameters and Watersheds Topographical Characteristics for Predicting Direct Runoff Hydrograph." Tikrit Journal of Engineering Sciences 30, no. 2 (2023): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjes.30.2.9.

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The limited availability of the recorded rainfall-runoff data for many watersheds restricts the development and management of different activities of water resources. To overcome this limitation, the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) for estimating storm excess rainfall and momentum and optimization methods were combined in a mathematical model to estimate the optimal parameters of Nash Instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) and resulting direct runoff hydrograph (DRH), using a developed computer program in MATLAB. The available recorded data of 14 storms (out of 18) of four watershed

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Wu, C. M., and S. C. Chen. "Simulating Runoff Using the Method of Characteristics with Unsteady Rainfall Events." Journal of Mechanics 21, no. 3 (2005): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1727719100000605.

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AbstractThis investigation presents the solution of kinematic wave equations for overland flow, in which the lateral term is determined from unsteady rainfall and the infiltration φ index model [1], in which the rate of abstractions is constant, yielding an excess rainfall hyetograph with a total depth that equals the depth of direct runoff over the watershed. Lateral inflow is inferred by the unit step function to represent an unsteady rainfall event; the solution uses the method of characteristics. Part of the discharge hydrograph that satisfies the boundary condition is semi-analytically so

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Nagy, E. D., P. Torma, and K. Bene. "Comparing Methods for Computing the Time of Concentration in a Medium-Sized Hungarian Catchment." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 4 (2016): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjce-2016-0017.

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AbstractOne of the most often-used parameters that describes morphology and runoff from a watershed is the time of concentration (Tc). At gauged watersheds, Tc can be determined using rainfall and a runoff hydrograph, while for ungauged watersheds, empirical equations are used. A good initial estimate of Tc greatly improves the accuracy of runoff predictions. In our study, we applied 14 empirical equations to determine Tc. Tarján Creek, which is located in northeastern Hungary, was selected as the trial gauged watershed. It is located in a mountainous region with an area of 72 km2. The input p

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Choi, Yun-Ho, Yong-Joon Choi, Joo-Cheol Kim, and Kwan-Sue Jung. "Calculation of Direct Runoff Hydrograph considering Hydrodynamic Characteristics of a Basin." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 11, no. 3 (2011): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2011.11.3.157.

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Patry, G. G., A. Kennedy, and S. Potter. "Runoff modelling under noise-corrupted rainfall conditions." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 16, no. 5 (1989): 669–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l89-100.

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Hydrological models are now routinely used in planning, design, operation, and control of water resources systems. However, all models, no matter how complex, are approximations of the real world and consequently are subject to various levels of errors. The analysis of uncertainty in hydrological models can provide valuable insight into the limitations and advantages of various surface runoff models. The benefits derived from such an analysis are many: first, it provides the modeller with a direct estimate of runoff prediction errors under specific rainfall conditions; second, it enables the u

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Adamu, Abubakar Abbas, Salisu Dan'Azumi, and Mujahid Abbas. "RAINFALL-RUNOFF SIMULATION OF A SUB-CATCHMENT USING HEC-HMS." Platform : A Journal of Engineering 6, no. 4 (2022): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.61762/pajevol6iss4art20976.

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Hydrological data in the form of stream flow is very scarce in most developing countries. This affects the planning and management of urban watersheds. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate peak discharge from rainfall using hydrologic models based on some measurable watershed characteristics. This study aims to model the rainfall-runoff process from a typical urban watershed using Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrological Modeling System (HEC-HMS) software. The catchment basin has a total area of 21.91 km2, and a dendritic stream system. Soil Conservative Services (SCS) Curve number was use

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Ding, J. Y. "A measure of watershed nonlinearity: interpreting a variable instantaneous unit hydrograph model on two vastly different sized – watersheds." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 5 (2005): 2111–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-2-2111-2005.

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Abstract. This paper reviews the use of an input-dependent kernel in a linear convolution integral as a quasi-nonlinear approach to unify nonlinear overland flow, channel routing and catchment runoff processes. The conceptual model of a variable kernel or instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) is characterized by a nonlinear storage-discharge relation, q=cNsN where the storage exponent N is an index or degree of watershed nonlinearity. When the causative rainfall excess intensity of a unit hydrograph is known, parameters N and c can be determined directly from its shape factor, the product of the

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Widasmara, Mega Yulisetya, Pramono Hadi, and Nugroho Christanto. "Hydrograph modeling with rational modified method." E3S Web of Conferences 76 (2019): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20197602007.

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Water, a vital natural resource for a human being, could bring negative effects such as flood and landslides. The best way to show the hydrological process is called “model”. One of them is Modified Rational Method (MRM). There are several types of MRM base on its equation modification. Hydrological mass balance or kinematic wave in order to route the flow. With this model modification, the output of the model is not only peak discharge but also unit hydrograph. Model modification was done in the calculation of peak discharges by assigning the C value (coefficient runoff), A value (area) and l

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Whittaker, Charles, and Robert Leconte. "A Hydrograph-Based Approach to Improve Satellite-Derived Snow Water Equivalent at the Watershed Scale." Water 14, no. 21 (2022): 3575. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14213575.

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For the past few decades, remote sensing has been a valuable tool for deriving global information on snow water equivalent (SWE), where products derived from space-borne passive microwave radiometers are favoured as they respond to snow depth, an important component of SWE. GlobSnow, a novel SWE product, has increased the accuracy of global-scale SWE estimates by combining remotely sensed radiometric data with other physiographic characteristics, such as snow depth, as quantified by climatic stations. However, research has demonstrated that passive microwaves algorithms tend to underestimate S

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Narasayya, Kmuju. "FLOOD HYDROGRAPH ASSESSMENT OF NORTH KOEL CATCHMENT BASED ON GLOBAL CURVE NUMBER GRID DATA OF DIFFERENT ARC CONDITIONS USING HECHMS MODEL -A COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 8, no. 6 (2023): 69–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2023.v08i06.009.

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Flood Hydrograph simulation is an essential step in analyzing the impacts of extreme flood events. This can aid in water resources management and planning. In areas that are prone to floods, it become necessary to perform an extensive hydrological study. North Koel subbasin is one of the flood prone watershed, mainly due to the confluence of two large rivers ‘Auranga’ and Amanat, in eastern side of catchment. This study mainly focused on simulation of flood hydrographs based on Global Curve Number Grid data with 250 m resolution (GCN250m) of 3 different Antecedent Runoff Conditions (ARC) using

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Votrubova, Jana, Michal Dohnal, Tomas Vogel, Martin Sanda, and Miroslav Tesar. "Episodic runoff generation at Central European headwater catchments studied using water isotope concentration signals." Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics 65, no. 2 (2017): 114–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/johh-2017-0002.

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AbstractHydrological monitoring in small headwater catchments provides the basis for examining complex interrelating hydraulic processes that govern the runoff generation. Contributions of different subsurface runoff mechanisms to the catchment discharge formation at two small forested headwater catchments are studied with the help of their natural isotopic signatures. The Uhlirska catchment (Jizera Mts., Czech Republic) is situated in headwater area of the Lusatian Neisse River. The catchment includes wetlands at the valley bottom developed over deluviofluvial granitic sediments surrounded by

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Ding, J. Y. "A measure of watershed nonlinearity: interpreting a variable instantaneous unit hydrograph model on two vastly different sized watersheds." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 1 (2011): 405–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-405-2011.

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Abstract. The linear unit hydrograph used in hydrologic design analysis and flood forecasting is known as the transfer function and the kernel function in time series analysis and systems theory, respectively. This paper reviews the use of an input-dependent or variable kernel in a linear convolution integral as a quasi-nonlinear approach to unify nonlinear overland flow, channel routing and catchment runoff processes. The conceptual model of a variable instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) is characterized by a nonlinear storage-discharge relation, q = cNsN, where the storage exponent N is an i

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Cho, Younghyun, and Bernard A. Engel. "NEXRAD Quantitative Precipitation Estimations for Hydrologic Simulation Using a Hybrid Hydrologic Model." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 1 (2016): 25–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-16-0013.1.

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Abstract A hybrid hydrologic model (lumped conceptual and distributed feature model), Distributed-Clark, is introduced to perform hydrologic simulations using spatially distributed NEXRAD quantitative precipitation estimations (QPEs). In Distributed-Clark, spatially distributed excess rainfall estimated with the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) curve number method and a GIS-based set of separated unit hydrographs are utilized to calculate a direct runoff flow hydrograph. This simple approach using few modeling parameters reduces calibration complexity relative to physically based distributed (P

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Balan, Isabela, Loredana Crenganiş, and Claudiu Pricop. "Flood Analysis Using Hydrological Modeling. Case Study – The Flood In The Upper Catchment Of River Geru, Galaţi County, Romania." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 2 (2015): 125–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0030.

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Abstract This paper analyzes the flood that occurred between 11th and 13th of September 2013 in the upper catchment of the river Geru. The flood was simulated using the program Mike by DHI with the Unitary Hydrograph Method. As input data, we used the precipitation measured at the Automated Hydrological Sensor Station Cudalbi and radar precipitations. We analyzed the importance of accuracy for input data on the simulation results and the direct influence of setting the proper time steps in achieving the simulated discharge hydrograph. It appears that radar precipitations used as input data lea

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Romadhoniastri, Si’ta, Nur Ayumi, Fahima Ulumia, et al. "Kajian Karakteristik Aliran Sungai Serang di AWLR Bendungan Kulonprogo Berdasarkan Pemodelan Hidrologi HEC-HMS." Jurnal Geografi : Media Informasi Pengembangan dan Profesi Kegeografian 19, no. 2 (2022): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jg.v19i2.33671.

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HEC HMS merupakan salah satu aplikasi pemodelan yang dapat digunakan untuk memodelkan nilai limpasan harian maupun bulanan berdasarkan karakteristik DAS. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Mengkaji karakteristik fisik DAS Serang yang direpresentasikan oleh nilai curve number (CN) 2) Mengkaji karakteristik aliran yang berupa debit puncak, volume outflow, dan waktu puncak dari hidrograf banjir terukur dengan hasil pemodelan menggunakan HEC-HMS. Nilai CN ditentukan menggunakan metode SCS-CN. Analisis hidrograf banjir dilakukan menggunakan HEC-HMS meliputi perhitungan presipitasi menggunakan gage wei

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Smith, Laurence C., Kang Yang, Lincoln H. Pitcher, et al. "Direct measurements of meltwater runoff on the Greenland ice sheet surface." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 50 (2017): E10622—E10631. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707743114.

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Meltwater runoff from the Greenland ice sheet surface influences surface mass balance (SMB), ice dynamics, and global sea level rise, but is estimated with climate models and thus difficult to validate. We present a way to measure ice surface runoff directly, from hourly in situ supraglacial river discharge measurements and simultaneous high-resolution satellite/drone remote sensing of upstream fluvial catchment area. A first 72-h trial for a 63.1-km2moulin-terminating internally drained catchment (IDC) on Greenland’s midelevation (1,207–1,381 m above sea level) ablation zone is compared with

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Madrazo-Uribeetxebarria, Eneko, Maddi Garmendia Antín, Jabier Almandoz Berrondo, and Ignacio Andrés-Doménech. "Modelling Runoff from Permeable Pavements: A Link to the Curve Number Method." Water 15, no. 1 (2022): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15010160.

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Permeable Pavement (PP) models are valuable tools for studying the implementation of PPs in urban environments. However, the runoff simulated by traditional models such as the Curve Number (CN) is different from that created with PP models, as infiltration is computed differently. However, many investigations compare the runoff created by both models to extract broader conclusions without considering how the two models are related. Hence, this research explores the relation between runoff simulated by one general model, selecting the widespread CN model as a baseline, and the PP model provided

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Abdullah Al-Dughairi, Ahmed Bin. "RUNOFF HYDROGRAPHS USING SNYDER AND SCS SYNTHETIC UNIT HYDROGRAPH METHODS: A CASE STUDY OF UNGAUGED WATERSHEDS OF IMAM TURKI BIN ABDULLAH ROYAL NATURE RESERVE (ITBA) - SAUDI ARABIA." Big Data In Water Resources Engineering (BDWRE) 4, no. 1 (2023): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/bdwre.01.2023.22.31.

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The estimation of surface runoff and discharge peak using the Snyder’s model and SCS Dimensionless UH (SCS-DUH) method are one of the best alternatives solutions appropriate for analyzing the hydrologic systems in the ungauged watersheds. These two methods were applied to estimate the discharge peak and design their hydrographs in the drainage basins of Royal Nature Reserve (Imam Turki Bin Abdullah) in Saudi Arabia. To estimate the discharge peak by applying Snyder’s model and SCS-DUH method using the morphometric parameters deriving from the SRTM DEM30m and three rainstorms of 40, 50 and 60mm

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Al-Dughairi, Ahmed Abdullah. "Runoff hydrographs using Snyder and SCS synthetic unit hydrograph methods: A case study of ungauged watersheds of Imam Turki Bin Abdullah Royal Nature Reserve (ITBA) - Saudi Arabia." Journal of natural sciences, life and applied sciences 7, no. 3 (2023): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26389/ajsrp.d140523.

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Background: The estimation of surface runoff and discharge peak using the Snyder’s model and SCS Dimensionless UH (SCS-DUH) method are one of the best alternatives solutions appropriate for analyzing the hydrologic systems in the ungauged watersheds. These two methods were applied to estimate the discharge peak and design their hydrographs in the drainage basins of Royal Nature Reserve (Imam Turki Bin Abdullah) in Saudi Arabia. - Aims: To estimate the discharge peak by applying Snyder’s model and SCS-DUH method using the morphometric parameters deriving from the SRTM DEM30m and three rainstorm

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Widyasari, Titiek, Nizar Achmad, Tania Edna Bhakty, and Felicita Erma Gista. "Hubungan Antara Luas Daerah Tangkapan Terhadap Angka Koreksi Hidrograf Satuan Sintetik Gama 1." Media Ilmiah Teknik Sipil 12, no. 3 (2024): 185–94. https://doi.org/10.33084/mits.v12i3.7715.

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The principle of the unit hydrograph (HS) method is the direct runoff hydrograph due to effective rainfall, which remains at 1 mm/hour and is uniform across the entire catchment or river basin area, thus requiring verification for the use of the HS method and examining the relationship between catchment area and correction factor. This research uses the HSS Gama 1. The parameters investigated for HSS Gamma 1 are parameters in four catchment areas in Yogyakarta, namely DAS Progo, Sub-DAS Winongo, Sub-DAS Code, and Sub-DAS Ngrancah. The results of this study indicate that the larger the catchmen

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