To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Direct-to-consumer and Farm Direct Marketing.
Journal articles on the topic 'Direct-to-consumer and Farm Direct Marketing'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Direct-to-consumer and Farm Direct Marketing.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Park, Timothy, Ashok K. Mishra, and Shawn J. Wozniak. "Do farm operators benefit from direct to consumer marketing strategies?" Agricultural Economics 45, no. 2 (June 6, 2013): 213–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/agec.12042.
Full text
2
Pei-An, Liao, Chang Hung-Hao, He Junlin, and Saeliw Kannika. "Diversification of marketing strategies among small farms: empirical evidence from family farms in Taiwan." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 63, No. 11 (November 6, 2017): 493–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/148/2016-agricecon.
Full textAbstract:
Farm marketing has been recognized as an important factor for a successful farm business. Due to the increasing interest of consumers in food safety, direct marketing of farm products to consumers in the local farmers’ markets has become very popular. Compared to traditional farm marketing channels, relatively little is known about the use of direct-to-consumer marketing strategies by farmers. This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive picture of farmers’ choices among available farm marketing channels using the case study of Taiwan. Using a population-based survey of 5600 family farms in Taiwan in 2014, in this study we quantify the extent to which demographic characteristics of farm operators, farm production and family conditions may influence the decision of farms to sell farm products to the government, wholesale markets, and in direct-to-consumer sales. We develop a trivariate probit model, and our results indicate that education level and engagement in the off-farm labour market of farm operators, the number of household members, farm size, land ownership, and the type of farm are the key factors in determining farmers’ choice of marketing channels. The findings of this study may have important implications for the design of more effective farm marketing programs by agricultural authorities.
3
Fehér, I. "Direct marketing practice in Hungarian agriculture." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 5 (January 7, 2008): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/1443-agricecon.
Full textAbstract:
Farm-sale, also known as direct sale, provides major opportunities to farmers in the future. This kind of sale is of increasing popularity in Europe, but farmers have to be familiar with the regulations concerning processing and sales. Mainly small and medium farmers prefer direct sale. In this activity, they must compete with an increasing number of hypermarkets, supermarkets and wholesale markets. When talking about direct sale, it means that farmers sell their products directly to customers. There are more options: (i) sale in their own shop, (ii) through a catalogue and (iii) delivery to restaurants and shops. It has to be mentioned that the development of special local products means the products representing a common local value and principally those that can be associated with a specific village due to their historical heritage or tradition. There is no standard or official definition for special local products that includes all the possible factors. Efforts of marketing and rural development experts are needed to identify and market these special products to the appropriate consumers. Meanwhile it has to be noticed that, mainly in Europe, the definition and the possibilities of product regulation concerning geographical origin, are clearly defined and well-known. However, the “protection of geographical origin” is not the same issue as “special local products” mentioned above. In a wider sense, these can be described from a marketing point of view as “local product, common product” that interconnect and integrate villages, people and approaches, but are not regulated and protected legally. These products mentioned above reach the consumer in relatively small quantities, through direct sale, and they are often attached to the services of rural tourism. The local products are also developed to ensure high quality products for the consumer or to attract tourists. People can be proud of them since they cannot be bought anywhere else. Advisers are also helping farmers choose the right sales channels to diversify their marketing activities.
4
Ahearn, Mary, and James Sterns. "Direct-to-Consumer Sales of Farm Products: Producers and Supply Chains in the Southeast." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 45, no. 3 (August 2013): 497–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800005010.
Full textAbstract:
Given the geography and agroclimatic conditions of the Southeast, coupled with continued population expansion from in-migration, local foods markets may be a promising niche market for some farms in the region. The Southeast has more small farms than any other U.S. region. Using farm-level data, we address the question of how successful southeastern farms engaged in direct sales to consumers differ from other farms. We also include a case study of a marketing association in the panhandle of Florida. In both analyses, we focus on the role of the supply chain for direct sales in explaining farm returns.
5
Govindasamy, Ramu, and Rodolfo M. Nayga. "Determinants of Farmer-to-Consumer Direct Market Visits by Type of Facility: A Logit Analysis." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 26, no. 1 (April 1997): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000812.
Full textAbstract:
This study identifies several socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of individuals who visited farmer-to-consumer direct markets in New Jersey. The analysis was performed for each type of direct marketing facility: pick-your-own farms, roadside stands, farmers’ markets, and direct farm markets. Logit analysis results indicate that various factors affect visitation to each type of facility. Factors examined include consumer's consumption and variety of fruits and vegetables, price expectation, purpose of buying, age, sex, education, race, income, urbanization, and presence of home garden.
6
Govindasamy, Ramu, Ferdaus Hossain, and Adesoji Adelaja. "Income of Farmers Who Use Direct Marketing." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 28, no. 1 (April 1999): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s106828050000099x.
Full textAbstract:
Policy makers are looking for ways to preserve farmlands, especially near urban areas. Farmers are also trying to find ways to increase their farm income by incorporating non-traditional activities into their farm routine. This paper attempts to quantify the contributions of selected nontraditional activities towards farmers’ efforts to enhance their farm income. For farmers involved in direct marketing, a logit model is used to estimate the probability of attaining high income for each activity considered. The results indicate that activities such as agrotourism, direct retailing to consumers, selling of farm related value-added products, greenhouse operations and urban location of farm markets will increase the chance of attaining high income levels.
7
Arumugam, S. "Willingness to pay a premium for produce at direct marketing outlets: an ordered probit analysis." SAARC Journal of Agriculture 15, no. 2 (January 25, 2018): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v15i2.35156.
Full textAbstract:
The concept of farm to consumer direct marketing has been popularly known to create opportunities for farmer-consumer relationship and enhance the sustainability of the local farming business. The objective of the present study was to predict the consumers’ willingness to pay for fresh produce in the direct marketing outlets and agritourism activities. An Internet survey relating to direct marketing and agritourism was conducted to understand the characteristics of consumers. A total of 1,134 participants completed the survey from Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Based on their responses, an ordered probit model was developed at a low premium (1-5 percent), medium premium (6-10 percent) and high premium (11percent and above) to predict respondents’ willingness to pay a premium for produce sold at direct marketing outlets. The estimated results show that consumers’ willingness to pay more to help preserve farmland or local business is highly significant. However, we discovered an inverse relationship for the Mid-Atlantic fresh greens shoppers. On average, as the travel distance increases, the likelihood of paying a higher premium decrease based on each additional mile they travel. The results of the ordered probit model will help all relevant stakeholders from the Mid-Atlantic States to promote direct marketing and agritourism industry in the region and enhance their knowledge of the industry.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 19-30 (2017)
8
Walters, S. Alan, Kurt T. Range, Bradley H. Taylor, and Wanki Moon. "Consumer Attitudes for Asian Vegetables in Direct Markets." HortTechnology 18, no. 3 (January 2008): 500–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.18.3.500.
Full textAbstract:
Because the demand for Asian vegetables is rapidly increasing in the United States, these crops may provide local market growers new revenue opportunities with high returns per acre. However, consumer attitudes and purchasing habits regarding Asian vegetable crops are poorly understood. Therefore, consumers were surveyed in two direct-market venues (on-farm and farmers market) to measure their familiarity and preferences for Asian vegetables. Attributes that may influence buying decisions such as purchase frequency, consumption behavior, and knowledge of preparation and use were measured. Respondents were generally not familiar with fresh Asian vegetables. Although greater than 80% consumed less than 5 lb per year and less than once per month, the consumers surveyed expressed a strong interest to learn more about these vegetables. Consumers purchased Asian vegetables most often at supermarkets (29.4%) and restaurants (28.1%), and much less at local direct markets (12.5%). Results also indicated that Asians as well as consumers with higher income levels were most likely to consume these vegetables. Thirty-eight percent of consumers strongly indicated that the availability of recipes for various Asian vegetables at direct markets would increase the likelihood for purchase; thus, the opportunity exists to add these vegetables to local production and marketing systems, if recipes were made available at the point-of-purchase.
9
Plakias, Zoë T., Iryna Demko, and Ani L. Katchova. "Direct marketing channel choices among US farmers: evidence from the Local Food Marketing Practices Survey." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 5 (March 25, 2019): 475–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170519000085.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDue to strong interest in local foods by US consumers, farmers are now marketing not only to traditional wholesale outlets but also via short supply chains to consumers, grocers, restaurants, schools and other local intermediaries. Our research questions are: (1) what farm and farmer characteristics predict farmers’ participation in various direct marketing channels, and (2) what farm and farmer characteristics predict farmers’ choice of a particular combination of direct marketing channels? This work is important because prior research suggests that while total direct sales via short supply chains continue to grow, direct-to-consumer sales (e.g. via farmers’ markets and Community Support Agriculture, or CSAs) are plateauing. Our work highlights key relationships and implies potential barriers and opportunities for farmers in this maturing local foods landscape. To answer our research questions empirically, we employ the 2015 Local Food Marketing Practices Survey, collected by USDA in 2016, and binomial and multinomial logit regressions. Our research yields a number of useful results. For example, we find evidence suggesting the existence of product-specific barriers to participation in certain channels; livestock producers are less likely than other farmers to sell directly to retailers, whereas vegetable farmers are less likely to sell to intermediaries. We also find that beginning farmers are more likely to sell directly to retailers, but less likely to sell to intermediaries than more established farmers, suggesting potential barriers and opportunities for entry into this channel for less experienced farmers. These insights suggest potential areas of attention for policymakers and other decisionmakers, as well as areas for future study.
10
Jibb, Stacey. "The rise of the local food movement and its impact on rural economies: With examples from the Region of Durham." Papers in Canadian Economic Development 18 (April 11, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/pced.v18i0.96.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Rural economies across North America continue to see the positive impacts of the rise of the local food movement and the evolution of the local food system. Local food is a fluid definition impacted by several factors. Government policy, geography and the personal relationships that develop between producer and consumer all play a part in shaping what is local. This has altered how consumers interact with the local food economy and has given rise to direct-farm marketing and agri-tourism as ways to participate in the local food system. Using examples from northern Durham Region, this paper examines how rural economies are impacted by the growing demand for access to local food and how that translates into direct impacts for the local economy. </p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>local food, local food movement, rural economies, direct-farm marketing, food economy</p>
11
Sitaker, Marilyn, Jared McGuirt, Weiwei Wang, Jane Kolodinsky, and Rebecca Seguin. "Spatial Considerations for Implementing Two Direct-to-Consumer Food Models in Two States." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 8, 2019): 2081. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072081.
Full textAbstract:
To open new markets, some farmers have adapted direct-to-consumer (DTC) models, such as Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), to reach new settings or audiences. We compared sociodemographic and geospatial contexts to farmers’ experience with one of two DTC innovations: a cost-offset CSA for low-income families and food boxes distributed through rural convenience stores. We geocoded addresses of thirteen farms and DTC pickup sites in two U.S. states (Vermont and Washington) and calculated road network distances from pickup to supermarket, farmers’ market, and farm. We compiled Census block-level demographic and transportation data, and compared it to postseason interviews to explore the effect of suitability of the pickup location; proximity to food retail; and potential farmer burden. Most pickup areas were heavily car-dependent, with low walkability and few public transportation options. Conventional sources of fresh produce were within six miles of most pickups, but farmers markets were further away. Despite modest profitability, both models were deemed worth pursuing, as they expanded farmers’ customer base. Farmers implementing the store-distributed food box were sensitive to market trends and customer needs in choosing pickup location. Farmers seemed more concerned with marketing in convenience store settings, and finding efficient ways to conduct recordkeeping than with delivery distances.
12
Martinez, Steve W. "Hedonic analysis of US fresh produce prices at direct-to-consumer sales outlets versus competing retailers." British Food Journal 118, no. 7 (July 4, 2016): 1665–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-05-2015-0183.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare prices for fresh tomatoes, potatoes, peppers, and apples at direct-to-consumer sales outlets (e.g. farmers markets, roadside stands, on-farm stores) in the USA to grocery stores and supercenters, while controlling for other attributes. Design/methodology/approach – The author estimates a hedonic regression model to determine price differences at direct sales outlets, grocery stores, and supercenters in various regions and seasons of the year. The analysis is conducted using 2006 Nielsen Homescan data. Other product and market attributes are also considered, along with characteristics of the household sample. Findings – Prices at direct sales outlets are lower than grocery store prices throughout the year and across the USA. Prices at direct sales outlets for some product/location/season combinations were higher than or comparable to supercenter prices. Research limitations/implications – Future research is needed to examine how price differences may vary across the various types of direct marketing outlets. Originality/value – Few studies have examined price differences between direct sales outlets and conventional retail stores. No studies have used nationally representative data to analyze these price differences across produce type, season, and geographic areas.
13
Brown, Cheryl, Jesse E. Gandee, and Gerard D'Souza. "West Virginia Farm Direct Marketing: A County Level Analysis." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 38, no. 3 (December 2006): 575–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800022628.
Full textAbstract:
To understand the factors that influence farm direct marketing, a linear regression model is estimated to test the relationships between county-level direct market sales and socioeconomic, agricultural production, and location characteristics for West Virginia. The results show that higher median housing value, increased population density, a younger population, a greater number of direct market farms, more diversity of fruit and vegetable production and closer proximity to Washington, D.C., increase direct market sales. The results have implications for other states with a large proportion of small and part-time farmers, many of whom are located in close proximity to metropolitan areas.
14
O’Hara, Jeffrey K., and Sarah A. Low. "Online Sales: A Direct Marketing Opportunity for Rural Farms?" Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 52, no. 2 (January 16, 2020): 222–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aae.2019.44.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractOnline marketplaces could help direct-to-consumer (DTC) farms compete for customers making grocery purchases on the internet by reducing the search and transportation costs of in-person DTC transactions. While in-person DTC marketplaces have been conducive for metropolitan farms historically, we explore whether rural DTC farms, with distance-based challenges accessing customers, are more likely to have online platforms. We find that rural farms distant from metropolitan counties that are new to DTC marketing are 7% more likely to have online marketplaces than more experienced rural farms, while new metropolitan farms are less likely to have them.
15
Tippins, Michael J., Kathleen M. Rassuli, and Stanley C. Hollander. "An assessment of direct farm‐to‐table food marketing in the USA." International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 30, no. 7 (July 2002): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09590550210433329.
Full text
16
Jablonski, Becca B. R., Martha Sullins, and Dawn Thilmany McFadden. "Community-Supported Agriculture Marketing Performance: Results from Pilot Market Channel Assessments in Colorado." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 24, 2019): 2950. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102950.
Full textAbstract:
Due in large part to rising consumer interest, the number of farmers and ranchers selling through local food markets is growing. Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a unique local food channel adopted by producers that was initially established as a strategy for producers to directly benefit from the season-long investments of buyers who align with their community-focused mission. Although the U.S. Department of Agriculture has long collected data to improve farm performance, information on specific marketing channels is missing, and in response, this research provides some of the first evidence of the heterogeneity of performance among CSAs. In a pilot approach to understanding the economics of CSAs relative to other direct marketing channels, we conducted an assessment process, incorporating 42 farms in Colorado between June 2016 and October 2017. Results showed that farms that incorporated CSA sales in their direct market portfolios tended to be smaller in scale and utilize more diverse markets. Although these CSA farms have lower average weekly sales, they have the highest average marketing profit margins compared to other direct market channels.
17
Uematsu, Hiroki, and Ashok K. Mishra. "Use of Direct Marketing Strategies by Farmers and Their Impact on Farm Business Income." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40, no. 1 (April 2011): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500004482.
Full textAbstract:
Direct marketing strategies increasingly have been recognized as a viable business option in U.S. agriculture as they allow producers to receive a better price by selling products directly to consumers. The objective of this study is twofold. Using a national survey, we first estimated a zero-inflated negative binomial model to identify factors affecting the total number of direct marketing strategies adopted by farmers. Then we estimated a quantile regression model to assess the impact of the intensity of adoption of direct marketing strategies on gross cash farm income. The results show that the intensity of adoption has no significant impact on gross cash farm income and that participation in farmers markets is negatively correlated with gross cash farm income at all five quantiles estimated.
18
Safley, Charles D., E. Barclay Poling, Michael K. Wohlgenant, Olga Sydorovych, and Ross F. Williams. "Producing and Marketing Strawberries for Direct Market Operations." HortTechnology 14, no. 1 (January 2004): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.14.1.0124.
Full textAbstract:
The costs associated with growing, harvesting and marketing strawberries (Fragaria × ananassa) using the plasticulture production system were estimated to be $13,540/acre ($33,457/ha). Net revenue analysis showed that growers would have to charge at least $0.85 and $1.40/lb ($1.87 to $3.09/kg) for pick-your-own (PYO) and prepicked fruit, respectively, and sell 12,000 lb of berries per acre (13,449.9 kg·ha-1) to cover this expense. Break-even analysis indicated that growers would have to charge a PYO price of $0.65/lb ($1.43/kg) and $1.20/lb ($2.64/kg) for prepick berries and sell a minimum of 15,041 lb/acre (16,858.4 kg·ha-1) to cover the projected expenses. However, if a grower received $0.95 and $1.50/lb ($2.09 and $3.31/kg) for the PYO and prepicked fruit, respectively, he/she would only have to sell 10,622 lb of berries per acre (11,905.4 kg·ha-1) to break even. It was assumed that an average of 11.6 lb (5.26 kg) of fruit would be sold to PYO customers and an average of 7.1 lb (3.22 kg) would be sold to customers who visited the fruit stand. Under these assumptions, the breakeven yield of 14,724 lb/acre translates into a requirement to sell fruit to at least 1,539 customers per acre (3,802.8 customers/ha) at the lowest combination of prices while a yield of 10,398 lb/acre converts to a minimum of 1,087 customers per acre (2,685.9 customers/ha) at the higher prices. Customers were also surveyed at direct market operations in Spring 1999 to gain insight into consumer demographic characteristics, why customers select a specific PYO or prepick direct market strawberry outlet, average expenditures per customer, typical driving distances to direct market strawberry operations, and the effectiveness of advertising. Middle age, middle-income customers living within 10 miles (16.1 km) of the farm comprised the largest percentage of customers surveyed at the PYO operations, while middle age, high-income individuals who also live within 10 miles of the fruit stand were the largest group of respondents at the fruit stands. PYO customers spent an average of $10.30, and prepick consumers spent an average of $9.40 per visit. Less than 23% of all the respondents said that advertising influenced their shopping decision while >77% indicated that any type of advertisement did not influence their decision. Overall, convenient location was easily the major reason that customers decided to patronize a specific direct market outlet while personal referrals were second.
19
Chen, Bo, Sayed Saghaian, and Mark Tyler. "Substitute or complementary." British Food Journal 122, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-01-2019-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between US farmers’ adoption of organic farming and direct marketing, both of which are increasingly important practices in the US agricultural and food sector. In addition, the effects of the two practices on farm income are evaluated. Design/methodology/approach The research uses the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey from the US Department of Agriculture. Farmers’ adoption of the two practices is modeled with a simultaneous linear probability model, which accounts for the possible linkage between the adoption of the two practices in farmers’ decision-making process. Farm income is modeled with a linear regression model, accounting for the possible endogeneity of the adoption of the two practices. Findings The main finding is that farmers’ adoption of organic farming decreases their probability of adopting direct marketing, whereas the reverse effect is insignificant. In addition, organic farming helps to improve gross farm income, whereas the effect of direct marketing is insignificant. Practical implications These results facilitate better coordination among numerous government programs aimed at promoting organic farming or direct marketing in the US. Originality/value This paper extends previous literature by specifically accounting for the possible linkage between farmers’ adoption of organic farming and direct marketing, and demonstrates that farmers do not make the decision to adopt one particular practice in isolation.
20
Donkor, Eunice Adu, Elena Garnevska, Muhammad Imran Siddique, and Emmanuel Donkor. "Determinants of Rice Farmer Participation in the Direct Marketing Channel in Ghana." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 5047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13095047.
Full textAbstract:
Enhancing smallholder farmers’ access to reliable, ready, and direct marketing channels is a prerequisite for sustainable food supply and poverty reduction in the developing countries including Ghana. However, it is a great challenge for smallholder farmers to access direct marketing channels in Ghana. This paper analyzes the factors that influence smallholder rice farmers’ participation, and the intensity of participation, in direct marketing channels using primary data from 199 farmers in three rice-growing districts in the Northern Region of Ghana. A double hurdle model was used in the empirical analysis. The study findings show that a lower percentage of farmers sold their rice output to processors (direct marketing). Farm size, the price of rice output per 85 kg bag, access to market information, and access to credit increased farmers’ participation in direct marketing channels, whereas payment period and ownership of a bicycle reduced their participation. The study concludes that improving farmers’ access to market information and credit availability would enhance participation in direct marketing channels.
21
Govindasamy, Ramu, and Kathleen Kelley. "Agritourism consumers’ participation in wine tasting events." International Journal of Wine Business Research 26, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 120–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijwbr-04-2013-0011.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – The purpose of this study is to determine the likelihood of a USA Mid-Atlantic region consumers’ willingness to partake in a wine tasting event, an example of an agritourism activity, based on their responses to an Internet survey conducted from June 22 to 29, 2010. Design/methodology/approach – Potential participants were screened and asked to participate if they resided in one of the states targeted (Delaware, New Jersey or Pennsylvania); were aged 21 years and older; were the primary food shopper for the household; and had previously attended an agritourism and/or direct marketing events or activities. Findings – A logit model was developed based on responses from 972 consumers who participated in the 15-minute Internet survey to predict participation in wine tasting activity. Consumers who are more likely to attend an on-farm wine tasting event include those who learn about agritourism events through newspapers, think that the variety and price of produce is better at direct markets than supermarkets, are older than 50 years, have a graduate degree and are self-employed. Research limitations/implications – Empirical results will help agritourism operators enhance marketing efforts and develop profitable on-farm agricultural activities by identifying consumer segments likely to participate in wine tourism activities. Practical implications – This paper helps identify consumer segments that are more likely to participate in a wine tasting event and provides marketers with the ability to target likely buyers based on corresponding demographic characteristics. Originality/value – This paper identifies likely wine tasting participants based on demographics, psychographics and behavioral characteristics.
22
Adanacioglu, Hakan. "Factors affecting farmers’ decisions to participate in direct marketing: A case study of cherry growers in the Kemalpasa District of Izmir, Turkey." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 32, no. 4 (June 15, 2016): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170516000193.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe objective of this study is to explore the main factors that drive decisions of farmers to sell their products directly to consumers through farm direct marketing channels. A case study on cherry growers on the subject of direct marketing, which is one of the alternative marketing options in agricultural products marketing for farmers, is examined in this study. In addition, further suggestions are put forward on how to improve the use of direct marketing strategies by farmers in Turkey. An ordinal logistic regression analysis model was used to analyze the effects of agricultural businesses and demographic features on the tendency of growers to choose direct marketing channels in cherry selling. According to these model results, the cherry farming experience of the growers, the size of the cherry orchard, the level of specialization in cherry production, and the gross margin per hectare for cherry production have a statistically significant impact on the tendency of the growers to choose direct marketing channels in cherry selling. In particular, the growers whose experience is more than 20 yr, the farms that are semi-specialized, the farms providing a gross margin of more than US$5506 ha−1, and the farms having a cherry orchard between 1 and 2 ha in size were determined to have more of a tendency for direct marketing. These results show that owners of medium-sized farms are more interested in direct marketing. According to the interviewed cherry growers, the most important factor limiting their participation in direct marketing is that there are no organizations that will help them meet their direct marketing goals and build direct marketing arrangements between themselves and their consumers.
23
Smith, Diane, Weiwei Wang, Lisa Chase, Hans Estrin, and Julia Van Soelen Kim. "Perspectives from the Field: Adaptions in CSA Models in Response to Changing Times in the U.S." Sustainability 11, no. 11 (June 3, 2019): 3115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11113115.
Full textAbstract:
Representing three states in the United States, the authors describe approaches and practices of direct-to-consumer markets from their combined experience of 40 plus years of working with Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), beginning in the early years of skepticism about the CSA model to the periods of rapid growth and optimism followed by today’s challenges regarding market saturation, competition from mainstream foods, complex logistics, and cultural disconnect. Through Cooperative Extension appointments in California, Vermont, and Washington, the authors have supported farmers as they have adopted CSA models and then adapted these models in response to changing consumer demand. This article examines the term and concept of CSA and how it has evolved in practice in different parts of the United States and at times been misused and co-opted for marketing purposes. We explore recent variations on the CSA model, including Farm Fresh Food Boxes (F3B), and discuss economic factors, marketing considerations, environmental stewardship, and community connections. The article concludes with projections for the future of CSA and the importance of maintaining authentic and beneficial relationships between farmers and consumers.
24
Shanoyan, A., R. B. Ross, H. R. Gow, H. C. Peterson, and R. Black. "Third-party facilitation of supply chain linkages: evidence from the Armenian vegetable industry." Journal on Chain and Network Science 16, no. 2 (December 5, 2016): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jcns2015.0007.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents an empirical examination of investment responses to external facilitation of supply chain linkages between agricultural producers and processors. Specifically, it analyzes the impact of participation in the USDA Marketing Assistance Program (MAP) facilitated formal marketing channel on farm-level investments in tomato production. The analysis involves mixed method approach utilizing a case of the USDA MAP in the Armenian vegetable industry and the survey data from 427 Armenian tomato growers. The main results indicate that the tomato growers linked to USDA MAP facilitated formal marketing channel (i.e. processors) invested significantly more in expanding tomato planting area compared to growers in informal channel (i.e. direct-to-consumer markets, middleman, and barter). The lessons from the USDA MAP’s supply chain facilitation strategy and the results of quantitative analysis provide insights on incentive structures and enforcement mechanisms for designing more effective supply chain linkages.
25
Ahearn, Mary Clare, Kathleen Liang, and Stephan Goetz. "Farm business financial performance in local foods value chains." Agricultural Finance Review 78, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 470–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/afr-08-2017-0071.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the factors associated with farm financial success for those farms known to produce for local supply chains. The analysis considers alternative measures of farm financial performance and considers the role of the local foods supply chain in the choice to market locally.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a two-stage Heckman approach which addresses the possibility of sample selection bias. In the first stage, the choice model to engage in direct marketing is estimated. In the second stage, the authors estimate a model of the financial performance of those in the sample that direct marketed which includes an IMR term calculated from the parameters of the first stage equation. The analysis uses national farm-level data from the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey of the US Department of Agriculture and combines data from 2009 to 2012 to overcome the constraint of small samples.FindingsIndicators of the development of a local foods supply were positively related to the choice to engage in direct marketing. Factors affecting farm financial performance varied significantly between a short-term and a long-term measure. The results emphasize the importance of considering multiple outcome measures, developing local supply chains and provide implications about beginning farms.Originality/valueIf a local foods system is going to thrive, the farms that market the agricultural products in the local food system must attain a certain level of profitability. The value of the analysis is an improved understanding of the financial performance of farms producing for a small, but growing segment of the food supply chain.
26
Schmit, Todd M., and Stephen E. Hadcock. "Assessing Barriers to Expansion of Farm-to-Chef Sales: A Case Study from Upstate New York." Journal of Food Research 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2012): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n1p117.
Full textAbstract:
<p>Columbia County Bounty is a local organization made up of farmer and culinary business members, with a mission that includes promoting connections between local agricultural producers and culinary businesses. A case study was conducted to address questions raised by CCB related to expanding farm-to-chef marketing in their area. Common barriers for restaurants included larger time commitments, inconvenience, and consistency in product volumes and quality; however, satisfaction with local wholesale distributors may create new opportunities for farmers to work collaboratively with them in including more local products in their distribution. A closer inspection of channel performance by farms in the study will drive changes in future channel strategies and utilization of farm-to-chef marketing, as farms are already benefiting from strong direct marketing channels and restaurants procuring local products from these channels.</p>
27
Zhichkin, Kirill, Anatoly Penkin, Vyacheslav Balashenko, and Lyudmila Zhichkina. "Comparative characteristics of world agricultural markets using contracting and state farm support development (Russian Agribusiness Case Study)." BIO Web of Conferences 27 (2020): 00002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20202700002.
Full textAbstract:
Theoretical and methodological aspects of direct and indirect methods of farm regulation are being discussed. One of the most important goals is regulation of the agro-industrial complex. The volume production was optimized under ecological and economic conditions of business development. All countries have been optimizing their farm policy to satisfy the requirements of the national internal standards. The state farm policy changes according to the requirements of the environmental sector of the business ecosystem. It also depends on marketing and distribution development taking an intermediate position between internal and external markets.
28
Sweers, Weert, Thomas Möhring, and Jürgen Müller1. "The economics of water buffalo (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>) breeding, rearing and direct marketing." Archives Animal Breeding 57, no. 1 (August 5, 2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-57-022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyse the economic feasibility of water buffalo rearing under rough wet grassland conditions in Germany. Our analysis was based mainly on data from one of Germany's largest water buffalo herds, which was kept by the landscape preservation farm »Gut Darß«. To check a variety of cost-benefit constellations, we conducted a Monte Carlo simulation. The overall rearing costs per cow totalled 1 039 € a-1. The direct marketing yields per bull ranged from 3 797 € to 5 298 €. The costs of direct marketing were not generally taken into account because of the high degree of variation and specificity of this position. Reproductive performance, e. g. calf-to-calf interval, was found to have the highest impact on overall economic performance. Our results suggest that water buffalo rearing in Germany has the potential to be economically feasible, at least if direct marketing. Additionally, we conclude that reproductive performance has a major impact on the feasibility of the production system which, in turn, has consequences for breeding concepts.
29
Fitzsimmons, Jill, and Jeffrey K. O'Hara. "Market Channel Procurement Strategy and School Meal Costs in Farm-to-School Programs." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 48, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 388–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/age.2019.18.
Full textAbstract:
Farm-to-school (F2S) local food procurement must be cost-effective to be financially sustainable without policy support. We test, among schools participating in F2S programs, whether market channel procurement strategies for local foods affect schools’ perceptions of whether meal costs decline as a result of F2S participation. Schools that buy local foods exclusively from intermediaries are 7 percentage points less likely to report lower costs from undertaking F2S initiatives. We further demonstrate that the probability that schools source local foods exclusively from intermediaries is influenced by the number of direct marketing farmers in their county.
30
Giampietri, Elisa, and Samuele Trestini. "Analysing farmers’ intention to adopt web marketing under a technology-organisation-environment perspective: A case study in Italy." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 66, No. 5 (May 25, 2020): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/355/2019-agricecon.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the factors that affect the intention to adopt web marketing (WM) at farm level as an innovation for business purposes. Data were collected from a direct survey among Italian farmers. The paper applies the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) framework. Among the variables considered, the results mainly show that a higher perceived usefulness of WM leads to a greater intention to adopt it from farmers. Similarly, the intention to adopt WM is positively influenced by the customers‘ readiness to use this technology and the perceived ease of use. Moreover, the intention to adopt is lower for the farms showing a greater size. Surprisingly, the perception of customers’ positive expectation about WM adoption by the farm shows a negative effect, suggesting that external pressures can inhibit farmers’ intention. Findings are valuable to understand how to develop policies to support WM adoption among farmers, that is important to gain access to the market especially for smallholders.
31
Kiprop, Emmanuel Kiprotich, Cedric Okinda, Asma Akter, and Xianhui Geng. "Factors influencing marketing channel choices for improved indigenous chicken farmers: insights from Baringo, Kenya." British Food Journal 122, no. 12 (May 19, 2020): 3797–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-11-2019-0841.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeImproved indigenous chicken is considered a sustainable agricultural practice with social, economic and environmental indicators. Therefore, the analysis of the choice of market channels is of considerable importance to farmers with reference to improved livelihoods and poverty alleviation in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence market channel choices among improved indigenous chicken farmers in Baringo County and to rank the determinants according to their level of importance in influencing farmer's choice of marketing channels.Design/methodology/approachA multistage sampling technique was employed to collect data from 209 households for the study conducted between April and July 2019, out of which, 198 useful responses were obtained. Multinomial logit regression and neural network models were used to analyze the factors influencing market channel choice based on socioeconomic, demographic and farm characteristics.FindingsIt was established that group membership, education, market distance, transport costs, farm size, cost of information and bargain costs were statistically significant in the choice of market channels (wholesaler, brokers, processors and supermarkets). With the direct consumer as the base market choice. The cost of transport had the highest normalized importance in the prediction of a farmer's selection of market channels for both radial basis function (RBF) and multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural networks. However, flock attributes and age of household head had the least normalized importance in MLP and RBF, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the insufficiency of resources and time, this study only focused on a small part of the country (Baringo County). However, improved indigenous chicken farming is widely practiced in Kenya. Further studies can be carried out in other counties to validate the results of this study.Practical implicationsThe outcome can be used in policy implementation involving improved indigenous chicken production in Kenya.Originality/valueThis study suggests the methods aimed at enhancing poultry sector in other counties in Kenya as well as other developing countries.
32
Bauman, Allison, Dawn Thilmany, and Becca B. R. Jablonski. "Evaluating scale and technical efficiency among farms and ranches with a local market orientation." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 03 (December 21, 2017): 198–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170517000680.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractIn recent years, the growth in local food marketing channels has been significant. Most of the research in this field examining the economic implication of these trends has focused post-farmgate including supply chain analysis (e.g., Hardesty et al., 2014; King et al., 2010), regional economic impacts (e.g., Brown et al., 2014; Hughes et al., 2008; Jablonski et al., 2016) and consumer values and motivations that have driven demand (e.g., Costanigro, 2014; Lusk and Briggeman, 2009). To date, with the exception of a few case studies examining expenses and sales by channel assessment (LeRoux et al., 2010; Hardesty and Leff, 2010; Jablonski and Schmit, 2016) there has been little research that examines the impact on financial viability among farms selling through these markets. The goal of this paper is twofold: first, to identify the factors that have the greatest influence on the efficiency of farmers and ranchers that participate in local food systems, and second, to estimate the relationship between marketing strategy and farm financial efficiency, with a particular focus on variations across farm size. Our estimation of the stochastic production frontier suggests that scale, production enterprise specialty, market outlet choices, land ownership, and management of expenses have the greatest influence on producer financial efficiency. Our model suggests that scale has the largest impact on financial efficiency, providing evidence that, all else constant, the most important factor in the efficiency of direct market producers is scale. When profit is defined as operating profit, results indicate that marketing channel is not an important indicator of efficiency. But when profit is defined as return on assets, marketing channel is an important indicator of efficiency, albeit less than is scale. Results from this analysis indicate there are economies of scale associated with farms and ranches that sell through local and regional markets, and that scale rather than marketing channel has the largest influence on efficiency.
33
Clark, Sean. "Financial Viability of an On-Farm Processing and Retail Enterprise: A Case Study of Value-Added Agriculture in Rural Kentucky (USA)." Sustainability 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2020): 708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020708.
Full textAbstract:
Value-added processing and direct marketing are commonly recommended strategies for increasing income and improving the economic viability of small farms. This case study uses partial budgeting to examine the performance of an on-farm store in Kentucky (USA) over a six-year period (2014–2019), intended for adding value to raw farm ingredients through processing and direct sales to consumers. Three primary product supply chains were aggregated, stored, processed, and sold through the farm store: livestock (meats), grains (flours and meals), and fresh produce (fruits, vegetables, and herbs). In addition, prepared foods were made largely from the farm’s ingredients and sold as ready-to-eat meals. Whole-farm income increased substantially as a result of the farm-store enterprise but the costs of operation exceeded the added income in every year of the study, illustrating the challenges to small farms in achieving a sufficient economy of scale in value-added enterprises. By the final two years of the study period, the enterprise was approaching break-even status. Ready-to-eat items, initially accounting for a small fraction total sales, were the most important product category by the end of the study period. This study highlights the importance of adaptability in the survival and growth of a value-adding enterprise as well as the critical role of subsidies in establishing similar enterprises, particularly in low-income, rural areas.
34
Darko-Koomson, Samuel, Robert Aidoo, and Tahirou Abdoulaye. "Analysis of cassava value chain in Ghana: implications for upgrading smallholder supply systems." Journal of Agribusiness in Developing and Emerging Economies 10, no. 2 (April 14, 2020): 217–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jadee-05-2019-0066.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeCommercialization of cassava is increasing because of increased urban demand for processed products and increased recognition of the industrial potential of the crop. This study aims to examine the cassava value chain in Ghana and its implications for upgrading.Design/methodology/approachA combination of purposive, simple random and snowball sampling methods was adopted to select key actors in the cassava value chain. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Analysis of the data was largely descriptive, except for profitability of cassava production in selected regions, which was examined by employing gross and net marketing margin analysis. A comprehensive value chain map was generated to show the different product pathways for cassava from the farm gate to the final consumer, and roles of key value chain actors and their relationships were summarized through simple narrations.FindingsEvidence has shown chains of more than four different channels through which fresh cassava roots move from the farm gate to final consumers. Production of cassava in Ghana is profitable, generating positive net marketing margins across major producing centres. Processing of cassava has both dry and wet/fresh value chains depending on the derived products for the final consumer. There is weak governance system in the cassava value chain in Ghana as majority of actors use spot market transactions in dealing with trading partners. The use of standardized grading and weighing system is very limited in the chain, and limited access to credit is a critical constraint to value chain upgrading.Research limitations/implicationsWith the exception of results from the profitability analysis of producers, the findings on marketing margins of other value chain actors may not be generalizable. Future studies could determine the profitability associated with cassava value-adding activities like processing into various forms and explore the possibility of converting waste from processing into energy.Practical implicationsThe study includes implications that focus on product and process upgrading efforts by smallholders in the cassava value chain. This paper recommends innovative financing models for smallholders to improve access to microcredit via internal and external funding sources.Originality/valueThis paper reveals specific intervention areas in which smallholders can direct efforts in an attempt to improve the cassava value chain through product, process and functional upgrading.
35
Smith, William. "Market-Farm Linkages and Land Use Change : A Quebec Case Study." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 18, no. 44 (April 12, 2005): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/021196ar.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the results of research into the function of farm-market linkages in the evolution of hybrid grain-corn production in Southern Québec. The evolution of the physical structure of the market, the nature of market demand, and the farmers' perception of the market, are all identified as significant variables in the location pattern of grain-corn production. The direct role of the market as an information source is examined and found to influence positively both the rate and direction of change. The use of free seed samples and the establishment of contract marketing further confirm these findings.
36
Ahmadi, Candra, Dadang Hermawan, Srinadi N L P, and Kusuma T M. "Penerapan Digital Marketing sebagai Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Tikus Putih." Yumary : Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 1 (September 25, 2021): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/yumary.v2i1.503.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Purpose: This community service aimed to provide counseling on utilizing technological advances at the Bikul Bali White Rat Farm Business for marketing purposes. Method: Thee methods applied were accompaniment counseling on technological advances, lectures, and direct practice by applying digital marketing to reach and get new consumers. Result: The Partner understands the importance of implementing digital marketing and is confident in promoting their white rats through the marketplace even though there are extra costs for promotion. Conclusion: This community service activity has a positive impact as an additional knowledge of partners in understanding digital marketing. The partner now takes advantage of the availability of the marketplace as a medium for selling as a form of application of digital marketing and starting to reach new potential consumers who are accustomed to using marketplaces in shopping.
37
Indrianti, Merita Ayu. "MARGIN DAN STRATEGI PEMASARAN KOMODITI JAGUNG DI KABUPATEN GORONTALO." Jurnal Social Economic of Agriculture 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26418/j.sea.v9i1.39830.
Full textAbstract:
This research was conducted at Gorontalo district. The objective of this research is how the marketing margins and the marketing strategy of corn commodity at Gorontalo district. The result of the marketing margin that first (I) line has the big marketing margin Rp. 1.300 because the marketing line done by direct marketing. While for the low marketing margins contained on line III with margin Rp. 0, because marketing in line III is the indirect marketing. From the result of analysis internal and external factor SWOT strategy that can be developed in corn marketing at Gorontalo district is diversification strategy that has value X = 0,04 and Y = 0,36. Therefore strategy that recommended based on the priority scale are: 1). Facilitate the farmer to be able in access banking credit. 2). Motivate the farmer to more improve to farm the corn. 3). Provide coaching the technology of maize cultivation and post harvest handling.Keywords: Strategy, Marketing of Corn Commodity
38
Ruauw, Eyverson. "KAJIAN DISTRIBUSI PANGAN POKOK BERAS DI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TALAUD." AGRI-SOSIOEKONOMI 11, no. 1 (March 3, 2015): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrsosek.11.1.2015.7342.
Full textAbstract:
This study aims to determine the various models of distribution channels / staple food marketing and analyze the performance of the market of each channel of distribution / marketing of staple food to the people in Talaud Islands District. Primary data were obtained through direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews (depth) by using a list of questions (questionnaire) which had been prepared in advance to the institutions of marketing / distribution of food. Determination of the respondents in this study was conducted with a purposive sampling method and method snowbow of respondents key (key Pearson) of any marketing agencies. The results showed that the distribution of milled rice in the District of Talaud Islands only one pattern involving several marketing agencies, namely the village traders, wholesalers and retailers of Manado city in town Lirung Talaud Islands, while for rice packaging of Surabaya, the distribution includes agencies marketing Mananado local distributor, wholesaler in the city of Manado and retailers in town Lirung Talaud Islands. Also the results of the study showed that the total marketing margin is formed on the pattern of distribution channels milled rice food staples in Talaud Islands amounted to Rp2.500,00 per kg, with a total marketing costs amounted to Rp413 per kg, while for rice packaging, total marketing margin formed on the pattern of distribution channels staple food rice krmasan in District Talaud Islands is Rp 3.500,00 per kg, with a total marketing costs Rp454 per kg. The amount of the farmer's share of the milled rice marketing in District of Talaud Islands amounted to 73.68%, where the farm-gate price of Rp7,000 per kg and prices at the consumer level of Rp9,500 per kg. The ratio of cost advantages in marketing agency traders village is very large compared to the traders in the city of Manado and retailers in the City Lirung. Cost benefit ratio was lowest in the large trader marketing agencies in the city of Manado.
39
Mamondol, Marianne Reynelda. "Investment feasibility and marketing of mangosteen commodity in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Journal of Socioeconomics and Development 3, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v3i2.1433.
Full textAbstract:
The development of mangosteen agribusiness in the regions needs attention to benefit local economic development. This research aims to analyze the investment and marketing feasibilities of mangosteen commodity at Olumokunde Village, Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Research respondents, as many as 60 farmers, were determined through stratified sampling technique. Data collection was done through observations, interviews, questionnaires to respondents, and documentary study. Research results demonstrate that mangosteen farms meet investment feasibility. The research found that the indicator of net present value was 87.496 million rupiahs, the internal rate of return was 19.8% and the payback period was 10.95 years. Since its 7th year, the mangosteen farm business’ amount of revenue has been higher than its operational costs. Also, the research reveals farm sensitivity on the changes of cost production, selling price, and mangosteen production. There are two models of mangosteen fruit marketing channel at Olumokunde: (i) direct marketing from farmers to consumers, and (ii) indirect marketing through fruit wholesalers. The mangosteen agribusiness development needs regional government intervention in the forms of facility and infrastructure requirement as well as supply chain strengthening in order to create large-scale, economical, and highly competitive farms.JEL Classification D25; O22; Q13
40
Roberts, Roland, David Bender, and Samuel Field. "ALTERNATIVE MARKETING AND CULTURE SYSTEMS FOR TEXAS HIGH PLAINS ONIONS." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 491f—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.491f.
Full textAbstract:
Extension-research teamwork supports Texas High Plains onion grower-shippers in transition from unprofitable labor intensive marketing and culture to profitable mechanical systems that are less stressful to workers. System comparisons include machine harvest vs. lifting and hand clipping; stationary seed grading and bagging vs. mobile field grading and bagging; transplant vs. fall seeding, spring seeding and dry set production. Old marketing systems cost growers $4.30/50-lb. sack, and the innovative system costs $2.59 to $3.00/sack. Old transplant systems average $450 to $500/acre and direct seeding costs $200/acre. Net increase in return to grower management from adoption of new systems range from $1,300 to $1,700. Extension and research conduct economic analysis, cultivar performance trials, seeding technique studies and on-farm demonstrations.
41
Romjali, Endang. "Development of Beef Cattle Innovation through “Field Laboratory” Approach." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i2.1797.
Full textAbstract:
Economic growth in rural areas can be achieved by increasing the productivity of agricultural businesses. Beef cattle breeding farm is managed by small holder farmers with limited ownership integrated with other agricultural activities. This paper aims to provide information on developing beef cattle innovation at farm level through field laboratory (FL) approach or demonstration plot and direct participation with farmers. The development of cattle farming innovation at farm level is limited, hence it is needed to improve the competitiveness of agricultural businesses. Field laboratory is a model for accelerating technology transfer to farmers. The introduction of innovation in beef cattle through LL can be adopted by farmers resulted in increasing the productivity of beef cattle and added value of livestock businesses. For sustainability of technological application it is required supporting facilities and infrastructure such as institutional that provide production and marketing facilities.
42
Mundler, Patrick, and Jennifer Jean-Gagnon. "Short food supply chains, labor productivity and fair earnings: an impossible equation?" Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 35, no. 6 (October 23, 2019): 697–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170519000358.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractGiven the limited number of middlemen in short food supply chains, producers marketing through such channels must carry out various tasks associated with production, processing (if applicable) and marketing. Since productivity increases with specialization, it is presumably difficult for such producers to achieve high levels of labor productivity in each of the tasks they perform (in terms of organizing the work and controlling for costs). This study reports on the results of a detailed analysis of the apparent labor productivity in each activity segment (production, processing and distribution) on farms in Quebec (Canada) that market through short food supply chains. We adapted the concept of a complex activity system and the Work Assessment method to reflect the context in Quebec and the unique features of integrated farming models based on direct marketing. In total, we analyzed work organization on 32 Quebec farms to determine how added value and work hours are allocated among different activity segments. Our analysis of apparent labor productivity highlights the heterogeneity of farms involved in direct marketing as every farm studied had a unique profile. In addition, work patterns reflected the background, choices and skillsets of farmers and different combinations of production factors were utilized. Overall, labor productivity was lower in production-related tasks, although this was often offset by higher productivity levels in other activity segments. Our results indicate that greater productivity in the areas of processing or distribution allows farms in short food supply chains to be financially sustainable. The findings of our study also confirm that farmers involved in direct marketing work hard to sustain their activity systems, even though net earnings are often low when compared to the amount of effort involved. However, farmers are partially compensated in other ways, such as through client appreciation and work enjoyment.
43
Subedi, Sachin, Sulove Koirala, and Lilong Chai. "COVID-19 in Farm Animals: Host Susceptibility and Prevention Strategies." Animals 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030640.
Full textAbstract:
COVID-19 is caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2 that belongings to the family of Coronaviridae, which has affected multiple species and demonstrated zoonotic potential. The COVID-19 infections have been reported on farm animals (e.g., minks) and pets, which were discussed and summarized in this study. Although the damage of COVID-19 has not been reported as serious as highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) for poultry and African Swine Fever (ASF) for pigs on commercial farms so far, the transmission mechanism of COVID-19 among group animals/farms and its long-term impacts are still not clear. Prior to the marketing of efficient vaccines for livestock and animals, on-farm biosecurity measures (e.g., conventional disinfection strategies and innovated technologies) need to be considered or innovated in preventing the direct contact spread or the airborne transmission of COVID-19.
44
Amanullah, A., N. M. Nawi, N. H. Kamarulzaman, and M. N. Shamsudin. "Factors influencing post-harvest losses of apples among growers in Paktia, Afghanistan." Food Research 4, no. 6 (November 3, 2020): 2313–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(6).302.
Full textAbstract:
Postharvest losses have been highlighted as one of the determinants in fresh crop production in most developing countries. Losses in agricultural sector in the province of Paktia are largely due to the perishable quality of the produce and ineffective management of post-harvest. Many post-harvest losses are direct result of factors such as harvesting, sorting, grading, packaging, storage, transportation and marketing. Thus, it is important to identify factors related to postharvest losses of apples among the growers in Paktia, Afghanistan. Survey of three districts, namely Gardiz, Ahamdaba, and Saidkaram was conducted with 279 apple growers that were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires via face to face interview. Data collected were then analyzed using descriptive analysis, chi-square analysis and factor analysis. The finding of descriptive analysis showed that among all the post-harvest activities based on the percentage ranking, all apple growers (100%) were involved in the marketing of apples in search of both direct or indirect channels to sell their produce to reduce the losses. This means in order to reduce apples losses, it is important to find a market for their products. From the Chi-square analysis results, there was a significant association between education level (P=0.046), farm size (P=0.000), farm experience (P=0.019), yield (P=0.000) and post-harvest losses. Moreover, the factor analysis results revealed seven factors that influenced post-harvest losses of apples namely harvesting, sorting, grading, packaging, storage, transportation and marketing. Therefore, establishing proper storages and packaging facilities will reduce apple grower’s losses, and enable easier marketing of their produce in different season throughout the year. Furthermore, sorting and grading will raise the value of apple products for a better marketing. Meanwhile, road transport and transportation system also have a significant impact on distribution of apple products in the study area. Therefore, it can be concluded that road transport and transportation system should be improved in order to reduce the losses of apple production.
45
Argade, Aashish, Arnab Kumar Laha, and Anand Kumar Jaiswal. "Connecting Smallholders’ Marketplace Decisions to Agricultural Market Reform Policy in India – An Empirical Exploration." Journal of Macromarketing 41, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 471–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0276146721997885.
Full textAbstract:
Governments in developing countries have attempted to reform inefficient agricultural markets through direct interventions, market-oriented approaches, and institutional mechanisms, with one of the aims being improving the lot of smallholder farmers. However, such interventions often fell short of yielding desired results, perhaps because broad macro objectives failed to take into account micro-level processes. This study examines smallholder farmers’ market selection decisions and attempts to establish if these have a bearing on legislative goals of agricultural marketing reforms. Analysis of survey data using binary logistic regression, reveals that farmers choose between two prominent marketplaces – APMC and farm gate – on the basis of factors such as perishability of produce, quality testing infrastructure at the marketplace, and services provided by buyers such as grading and sorting or transportation. Findings are reinforced by an extended part of the study where farmers ranked assumptive marketplace scenarios developed by incorporating different marketplace features. Results demonstrate the possibility of enabling systemic changes in agricultural markets by catering to grassroots decision mechanisms. Implications for policy and relevant players engaged in agricultural markets are discussed.
46
Harwood, Joy. "An Overview of the U.S. Agricultural Economy and the 2008 Farm Bill." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 38, no. 1 (April 2009): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500000150.
Full textAbstract:
The 2008 farm bill involved 16 months of debate. The end product is similar to the 2002 farm bill in the crops arena, continuing counter-cyclical payments, direct payments, and marketing assistance loans. In addition, however, the 2008 bill adds a new, optional counter-cyclical revenue program (Average Crop Revenue Election, or ACRE), authorizes a new permanent disaster program, and contains various other changes. The new ACRE program provides an entirely new set of dimensions for producers to consider in deciding whether to opt into the program, including the multi-year trade-off between the loss of potential “traditional” payments and the revenue protection provided by ACRE, as well as the producer's own expectations about yield and price trends and variability. The payment calculation associated with the new permanent disaster program appears at first glance to be relatively simple, although the whole-farm nature of the program and the number of variables makes it quite complex.
47
Yoshida, Shingo, and Hironori Yagi. "Long-Term Development of Urban Agriculture: Resilience and Sustainability of Farmers Facing the Covid-19 Pandemic in Japan." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084316.
Full textAbstract:
The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic has forced global food systems to face unprecedented uncertain shocks even in terms of human health. Urban agriculture is expected to be more resilient because of its short supply chain for urban people and diversified farming activities. However, the short-and long-term effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on urban farms remain unclear. This study aims to reveal the conditions for farm resilience to the Covid-19 pandemic in 2020 and the relationship between short-term farm resilience and long-term farm development using data from a survey of 74 farms located in Tokyo. The results are as follows. First, more than half of the sample farms increased their farm sales during this period. This resilience can be called the “persistence” approach. Second, short-term farm resilience and other sustainable farm activities contributed to improving farmers’ intentions for long-term farm development and farmland preservation. Third, the most important resilience attributes were the direct marketing, entrepreneurship, and social networks of farmers. We discussed the necessity of building farmers’ transformative capabilities for a more resilient urban farming system. These results imply that support to enhance the short-term resilience of urban farms is worth more than the short-term profit of the farms.
48
Loudon, Kate M. W., Garth Tarr, David W. Pethick, Ian J. Lean, Rod Polkinghorne, Maddison Mason, Frank R. Dunshea, Graham E. Gardner, and Peter McGilchrist. "The Use of Biochemical Measurements to Identify Pre-Slaughter Stress in Pasture Finished Beef Cattle." Animals 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9080503.
Full textAbstract:
This study considered the relationship between pre-slaughter stressors and plasma biomarkers in 488 pasture-raised cattle across two experiments. The design aimed to test groups consisting of steer only, heifer only, and mixed sex cattle under direct kill versus rested (14 days in abattoir holding paddocks) protocols. In Experiment One, cattle were sourced from four farms, and transported by trucks and ships on the same day. In Experiment Two, cattle were sourced from four farms where a comparison was made between marketing via two commercial saleyards or direct farm gate consignment to abattoir. Blood samples were collected at exsanguination for subsequent analyses and relation to meat quality attributes. Muscle damage, as indicated by creatine kinase, is the biomarker most correlated to ultimate pH and muscle glycogen concentrations. A two-week rest period is effective for lowering this enzyme and improving muscle glycogen concentration. Although the cattle was subjected to a range of stress inducing treatments, we found that plasma biomarkers alone appeared insufficient for use as diagnostic stress indicators.
49
Silva, Erin, Fengxia Dong, Paul Mitchell, and John Hendrickson. "Impact of marketing channels on perceptions of quality of life and profitability for Wisconsin's organic vegetable farmers." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 30, no. 5 (May 12, 2014): 428–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000155.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractA recent increase in programs supporting the entry of organic farmers into direct market channels, such as farmers' markets and community-supported agriculture has occurred in the USA. In order to better implement these programs and to design better outreach and educational support activities for direct market farmers, understanding farmers’ perceptions of success in these marketing channels is valuable. To this goal, Wisconsin-certified organic vegetable farmers were surveyed in order to investigate the relationships between farm characteristics, marketing strategies, and farmer's perceptions of their profitability and quality of life. The data collected from this survey indicate that farmers selling into farmers' markets and through community-supported agriculture tend to be more likely to be dissatisfied with their profitability. Conversely, however, the survey data indicated that farmers selling into other markets, particularly wholesale markets and restaurants/institutions, are significantly more likely to be dissatisfied with their quality of life. Thus, it appears that farmers are making trade-offs with respect to entering markets that allow for greater financial rewards but may lead to a lower quality of life. These results point to the potential benefit of outreach efforts to assist farmers to increase their profitability in market channels that also provide a higher quality of life.
50
Beam, A. L., D. D. Thilmany, R. W. Pritchard, L. P. Garber, D. C. Van Metre, and F. J. Olea-Popelka. "Distance to slaughter, markets and feed sources used by small-scale food animal operations in the United States." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 31, no. 1 (April 28, 2015): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170514000441.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDistances to common production and marketing supply chain destinations may vary, and this has economic and animal health implications for small-scale food animal operations. Proximity to these destinations can affect the economic viability and marketing decisions of small-scale operations and may represent significant barriers to sustainability. Data were collected using a cross-sectional survey conducted by the US Department of Agriculture's (USDA) National Animal Health Monitoring System in 2011 using a stratified systematic sample of 16,000 small-scale (gross annual farm sales between US$10,000 and 499,999) operations from all 50 states. A total of 7925 food-animal operations were asked about the farthest one-way distance (in miles) to slaughter facilities, destinations where they sold animals or products, and feed sources. Across all small-scale operations, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance animals or products were transported for sale was 241 km (150 miles) or less. For distance to slaughter facilities, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 145 km (90 miles) or less. For feed shipped by a supplier, 95% of operations reported the farthest distance was 322 km (200 miles) or less. The 95th percentile for distance increased as farm sales increased, indicating larger operations were more likely to travel long distances. The results of this study are an important benchmark for understanding the economic and animal health implications of long transportation distances for operations that are small and/or focused on direct marketing.