Academic literature on the topic 'Direction absolue du regard'
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Journal articles on the topic "Direction absolue du regard"
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RYZHOV, OLEG S., and EUGENE D. TERENT'EV. "Streamwise absolute instability of a three-dimensional boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 373 (October 25, 1998): 111–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112098002456.
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The simplest receptivity problem of linear disturbances artificially excited in a three-dimensional boundary layer adjacent to a solid surface is studied in the framework of the generalized triple-deck theory. In order to provide a mathematical model to be compared with experimental data from wind-tunnel tests we consider the base flow over a swept flat plate. Then crossflow in the near-wall region originates owing to an almost constant pressure gradient induced from outside with a displacement body on top. A pulsed or vibrating ribbon installed on the solid surface serves as an external agency provoking initially weak pulsations. A periodic dependence of the ribbon shape on a coordinate normal to the streamwise direction makes the receptivity problem effectively two-dimensional, thereby allowing a rigorous analysis to be carried out without additional assumptions.The most striking result from the asymptotic theory is the discovery of streamwise absolute instability intrinsic to a three-dimensional boundary layer at high Reynolds numbers. However, due to limitations imposed on the receptivity problem no definite conclusions can be made with regard to possible continued convection of disturbances in the crossflow direction. An investigation of the dispersion-relation roots points to the fact that wave packets of different kinds can be generated by an external source operating in the pulse mode. Rapidly growing wave packets sweep downstream, weaker wave packets move against the oncoming stream. Insofar as the amplitude of all of the modulated signals increases exponentially in time and space, the excitation process gives rise to absolutely unstable disturbances in the streamwise direction. The computation confirms the theoretical prediction about the existence of upstream-advancing wave packets. They can be prevented from being persistently amplified only in a region ahead of the ribbon where nearly critical values of the Reynolds number are attained.The results achieved are shown to be broadly consistent with wind-tunnel measurements. Hence a conjecture is made that the onset of transition is probably associated, under some environmental conditions, with the mechanism of streamwise absolute instability in the supercritical range of the Reynolds numbers.
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Dutra, Delamar José Volpato. "Torture: banality of evil or radical evil?" Filosofia Unisinos 21, no. 3 (November 25, 2020): 240–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/fsu.2020.213.01.
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The text aims to explore legal and moral aspects of torture. Under the legal aspect the text compares three definitions of torture: UN definition, Brazilian definition, and Spanish definition. In this regard, neither the UN formulation nor the Brazilian formulation are ideal, because the Brazilian legal definition restricts the element of action by the part of the perpetrator of torture, and the UN convention restricts the effect on the victim, given that pain or suffering should be severe. The hypothesis is that a better proposal could be linked to the Spanish Penal Code, which in its art. 174 defines torture as the submission of someone “to conditions or procedures that, due to their nature, duration or other circumstances, involve physical or mental suffering, the suppression or decrease of their faculties of knowledge, discernment or decision, or that otherwise undermine their moral integrity”. Concerning the moral meaning of the repulse to torture it is intended to defend the paradigmatic character of the human right to not be tortured in at least two respects. The first aspect refers to its universalizing vocation in the full sense, since it can be extended to all sentient beings. In this regard, the prohibition of torture goes beyond the dominium of personality to advance in the direction of a domain of suffering not determined by the mask of personality. The second aspect is that the prohibition stands for an absolute right with no exceptions, precisely because of its deeper moral content.Keywords:radical evil, torture, perpetrator.
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Marchenko, Herman. "Vsevolod Meyerhold’s Biomechanics and Boris Zakhava's Educational Work." Scientific and analytical journal Burganov House. The space of culture 16, no. 4 (December 10, 2020): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36340/2071-6818-2020-16-4-58-74.
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The article deals with two different approaches to training actors. One of them is Stanislavski’s system, and the other is Meyerhold’s biomechanics. Konstantin Stanislavski and Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko are reformers of the Russian theater. As the Art Theater founders, they understood that the emergence of a new drama would require a completely different approach to working with actors and a different design of the stage space. With regard to new performances, it became possible to pose critical social questions related to everyday life before the viewer. Therefore, it was logical that the director's profession became very important. Working on his system, Stanislavski paid great attention to the need for an actor’s comprehensive development. Many wonderful actors who attended his acting school were among the students of this great theater director. Vsevolod Meyerhold was one of them. However, the latter chose his direction and began to engage in staging performances actively and search for new means of expression, having come to an absolute convention on the stage. Meyerhold created his method of working with an actor, known as biomechanics, in the theatrical environment. The principle of this approach is the opposite of Stanislavski's system. With all the difference in views on the theater, in the early stages of Meyerhold's independent practice, Konstantin Stanislavski offered him the opportunity to cooperate, which led Vsevolod Meyerhold to the Studio on Povarskaya Street in Moscow. Evgeny Vakhtangov was another student of Stanislavski and Nemirovich-Danchenko. At the request of Stanislavski, Vakhtangov was engaged in educational work in the studio of Moscow Art Theatre. Unlike Meyerhold, he thoroughly mastered the system and then created his theatrical direction called fantastic realism. Vakhtangov's legacy was preserved thanks to the activities of his students, among whom was Boris Zakhava. He turned to Meyerhold for help and spent several seasons with the master, gaining invaluable experience, including revealing the features of biomechanics in practice. Boris Zakhava remained faithful to Vakhtangov’s principles and continued his teacher’s work at the Shchukin Theater Institute.
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Dmytryshyn, Bohdan, Ruslana Zhovnovach, Oleksandr Levchenko, Yurii Malakhovskyi, and Viktoriya Gonchar. "Practical aspects of assessing the efficiency of the modern system of public procurement in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.32.
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The issue of reforming the institute of state (public) procurement is one of the key directions of the modernization of the administrative sector of our state. Increasing the efficiency of this institute should be recognized as one of the conditions for ensuring stable economic growth. In this regard, issues relating to the assessment of the efficiency of the use of public funds are of particular interest. The indicators of the efficiency of the activity of the public procurement sector in Ukraine in the context of the introduction of the “ProZorro” electronic procurement system are calculated and analyzed. The existing works of the individual scientists in the direction of developing indicators of the efficiency that can be used to evaluate the results of the operation of the procurement logistics system in the public sector in Ukraine are generalized. As a result, approaches have been identified that can be used to determine the effectiveness of the participation of customers, private sector representatives and the system of electronic public procurement in general. On the basis of retrospective data of past years and the first half of the current year, a number of estimates of absolute and relative savings, as well as indicators of the effectiveness of the open bidding in the public sector of Ukraine have been identified. The dynamics of these indicators before and after the introduction of the “ProZorro” electronic procurement system was analyzed. The analysis shows that the first results of the functioning of the “ProZorro” system demonstrate the existence of negative trend of competition and reduction in the amount of savings in public funds. Ensuring high efficiency and competitiveness, integrity and transparency of the procurement process are the main tasks of the Ukrainian government in the field of public procurement. The authors argue that the introduction of the “ProZorro” system can help to solve them successfully, and the application of the analytics module enables to calculate the savings from the use of this system.
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Молчанова, Наталья, and Natalya Molchanova. "The use of tourism technologies in the process of Patriotic education." Universities for Tourism and Service Association Bulletin 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2016): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/19544.
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The social apathy system came after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the destruction of the ideological; the
recognized moral values, which had been universal for the Soviet people, disappeared. Representation of members
of a society about the absolute and unchanging moral principles were not relevant, in this regard, the society grew
into a community consisting of small groups, the main idea of which was the satisfaction of personal needs, often
unrelated to the needs of society in general. This article focuses on the possibilities of tourist activity in the Patriotic
education of citizens. Today the technology of tourism, in the sphere of pedagogical influence, is mainly used in the
practice of Patriotic education of the younger generation. However, the volume of tourism impact and its broader
educational opportunities cannot and should not be limited exclusively with Junior and youth direction. In modern
society there is a need of using the potential of tourist activities in the sphere of Patriotic education not only of youth
but also the adult population. Today there is a need for a focused educational process in patriotism, not beyond a
reasonable and humanistic perception of reality. Means of tourist activity of cultural-cognitive orientation such
as excursions and travel, priority aimed at acquainting with the history and culture of the Motherland, can be an
effective tool in the process of Patriotic education.
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Imai, Tomoko, Dairoku Sekiguchi, Masahiko Inami, Naoki Kawakami, and Susumu Tachi. "Measuring Gaze Direction Perception Capability of Humans to Design Human Centered Communication Systems." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 15, no. 2 (April 2006): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/pres.2006.15.2.123.
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We describe experiments designed to measure gaze direction perception capability of humans under face-to-face and display mediated conditions. Gaze perception capability was determined by means of the absolute values of the pitch differences between a looker's actual regards and participants' judgments. We compared the capability under face-to-face, stereoscopic image, and monoscopic image conditions. On average, participants perceived the looker's gaze direction most accurately under the face-to-face condition. As expected, the accuracy under the stereoscopic image condition was higher than the results obtained under the monoscopic image condition. However, individual data did not follow the expected order and our exploratory experiments showed that participants with narrower interpupillary distance than the distance between two stereo cameras had difficulty in judging gaze directions. We also found that the perception of the pitch component of gaze direction is affected by gaze transmission methods but the yaw component is robust and is not affected by the transmission conditions.
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Samol’kina, Elena Grigor’evna. "Wood in the modern architectureof small forms." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2015): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2015.5.7-18.
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The modern world dictates severe conditions, involving people in a continuous process of changes in the environment. Active building and construction work, urban densification are rapidly transforming environment, creating a new architectural space with intense impact on people. In this regard, there is much tension around the issue of provision of urban amenities, forming comfortable environment for a full human life. The comfort of the urban environment is determined by a set of visual perception of the constituent elements of this environment: architecture, design, landscape and their harmonious unity with nature. A remarkable component of visual perception, making urban space aesthetically appealing, is small architecture.Small architecture in Russia has always played a special role. Being perceived in the context of space, creating at the same time a certain mood and emotions, small forms diversified architectural environment, making it aesthetically appealing. The question about the direction of urban policy in the field of provision of urban amenities was made in 1921, when the first Congress on improvement of populated areas took place. With this legislation originated overall urban development approach as inseparable system layout of the city, its architectural appearance and landscaping. Architectural workshops developed model projects of small forms with recommendations for improvement, which helped to inexpensively create individual features in urban development. At present, the provision of urban amenities have moved to a new level, becoming more grandscale, capital-intensive.The main requirements for small architectural forms are to create a harmonious space, the fusion of architecture with the natural elements. The most harmonious perception of small architectural forms in the environment is achieved through the use of natural building materials. The use of natural materials in urban environment represents nature, creates a comfortable environment psychologically close to a person. Wood, among other natural materials, has an undoubted advantage. Absolute compatibility, unique design quality, expressive possibilities of the material and its ability to form a comfortable living environment, harmoniously combined with other materials, provide greater demand for wood in modern architecture.In the architecture of small forms wood is used everywhere: on the territories of residential quarters, parks and recreation areas, areas of office and commercial development, road environment, etc. A leading role in shaping the public space belongs to small structures for various functional purposes, such as benches, gazebos, sheds, sports facilities, children’s playgrounds.In the modern wooden architecture of small forms two directions are clearly traced. In the first one there is the desire to escape from the boring similar forms, transforming small architectural forms in art objects representing not only material, but also artistic value. The second direction is based on the centuries-old practice of folk art. Having been formed for centuries folk culture and national traditions fully meet the artistic tastes of the modern society. Summing up, it should be noted that the use of wood in architecture of small forms is a universal solution to shape the ecological framework of the urban environment, which is especially important in solving the problems of the modern city.
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Emerich, Yaëll. "Regard civiliste sur le droit des biens de la common law : pour une conception transsystémique de la propriété." Revue générale de droit 38, no. 2 (October 20, 2014): 339–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1027040ar.
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Le droit civil et la common law sont souvent vus comme fournissant des modèles propriétaires largement différents. D’un côté, une propriété absolue, analysée en un droit réel à objet matériel, de l’autre, une propriété essentiellement divisible et relative, un bundle of rights susceptible de porter sur un objet matériel ou immatériel. Cet article tend à remettre en cause l’idée d’une opposition radicale entre le droit des biens civiliste et la common law property. La thèse défendue ici est celle d’un rapprochement possible du concept de propriété en droit civil et en common law, autour de l’idée d’une propriété relationnelle et incorporelle, laquelle pourrait fournir un point de départ pour une définition transsystémique de la propriété.
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DUCROT, C., and D. BRES. "Regard philosophique sur la causalité en épidémiologie – approche interdisciplinaire." INRAE Productions Animales 26, no. 4 (August 18, 2013): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2013.26.4.3165.
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Différentes pratiques et méthodes, depuis la conception de l’étude jusqu’à l’analyse statistique, permettent à l’épidémiologiste de cerner au mieux la nature causale de la relation entre facteur et maladie, mais celle-ci relève de l’interprétation, car des circonstances non causales peuvent aussi induire une relation, le hasard mais aussi l’effet d’autres facteurs connectés. La philosophie identifie trois niveaux de discussion dans l’usage de la notion de causalité : le problème kantien de la distinction entre réalité absolue et réalité perçue par l’Homme, étant donné ses facultés de connaissance ; le problème positiviste de la difficulté d’identifier des causes à partir de l’observation des phénomènes naturels, liaison entre phénomènes ne signifiant pas nécessairement succession causale ; le problème de l’induction, multiplier les expériences ne pouvant apporter de preuve définitive, les falsificationistes proposant d’étudier la robustesse d’un résultat en le soumettant à de nouveaux tests visant à le réfuter. Il ressort de cette réflexion interdisciplinaire différents apports à la pratique de l’épidémiologie et plus généralement de la recherche en biologie : entre autres rechercher les contextes lesplus à même de remettre en question le résultat ; établir une conjonction de résultats différents et complémentaires pour conforter l’hypothèse de causalité, ce qui est en lien avec les dix critères de causalité utilisés par les épidémiologistes pour évaluer et discuter la nature causale d’une relation. En définitive, avoir un regard critique sévère sur les résultats d’étude est la seule façon d’apporter du crédit à l’interprétation quant à la causalité d’une relation statistique significative.
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Karimi, Alireza, A. Koosha, M. Najafi Asfad, and M. T. Ansari. "Examining of Relationship between Responsibility to Protect & Sovereignty of States in Light of Practice of International Community." Journal of Politics and Law 10, no. 2 (February 28, 2017): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v10n2p256.
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With the end of the civil war and fading of military and ideological competitions of the superpowers and drastic changes in the international system, maintaining peace and security has been closely associated with the political, social economic and cultural structures of states and their behavior in observing the criteria of human rights. The Security Council as an organ, established for keeping Peace and Security has experienced great opposition to the sovereignty of states by using human rights rules as an alibi, and even has paved the way for military intervention. Normally, material breach of the human rights criteria and fundamental liberties can endanger the international peace and security. In this type of situations, the issue can be discussed in the Security Council with the request of the general assembly and the general secretary. IF the Security Council confirms a threat consequent to the material violation of human rights rules, it can enforce the required actions, regarding its obligations and authorities. The intervention of the Security Council as a representative of the international community with regard to taking decisions for humanitarian intervention in the context of the responsibility to protect and denying the absolute sovereignty of states on one hand and encouraging the states to guarantee the observance of civil rights of people and enabling them in the field of public welfare and even military intervention and protecting nations against tragedies such as genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes, on the other hand are significant challenges. Although the responsibility to protect is practiced in the direction of legitimate intervention in the domestic affairs of sovereign nation – states with the objective of protecting humanitarian rules, actually after 2001, the chances for humanitarian measures have been decreased. In this article, we will examine this issue that from the beginning of the third millennium what effects, the concept of responsibility to protect has had by limiting the sovereignty of states and redefining it, aligned with the humanitarian intervention by the Security Council?
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Direction absolue du regard"
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Dericquebourg, Guy. "Contribution à l'élaboration d'une méthodologie de conception des interfaces opérateur incluant une commande visuelle." Valenciennes, 1991. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9ce4fb47-1fb5-4c7e-9549-bd476a4b84de.
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Le contexte de cette thèse concerne l'analyse des problèmes liés à la conception et à la mise en œuvre d'une commande visuelle. Un dispositif à commande visuelle est constitué de quatre éléments: deux éléments amont qui permettent l'acquisition et le traitement des coordonnées du regard et deux éléments aval qui assurent la gestion de ces coordonnées et leur utilisation. Le recueil de la direction absolue du regard est obtenu par l'intermédiaire de capteurs oculométriques fixes ou portables associés, soit à une chaine parallèle de repérage de la position de la tête, soit à un dispositif de matérialisation du champ visuel de l'opérateur. L’originalité essentielle de ce travail est constituée par l'étude du comportement théorique et pratique du système oculaire humain, en présence d'un retour visuel matérialisant, en temps réel, la position calculée de l'œil de l'opérateur. Cette étude permet, après une analyse des domaines d'application et des moyens d'obtention des coordonnées oculaires, de prescrire les modes d'utilisation d'un retour visuel et d'appliquer tous les résultats à la mise en œuvre d'une commande visuelle sur un prototype de laboratoire. Ce prototype sert de base pour la réalisation de commandes visuelles industrialisables.
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Chamman, M'hamed. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation d'un oculomètre pour la mesure et le traitement automatique de la direction absolue du regard d'un opérateur humain au travail." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37603795j.
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Chammam, M'hamed. "Contribution à la conception et à la réalisation d'un oculomètre pour la mesure et le traitement automatique de la direction absolue du regard d'un opérateur humain au travail." Valenciennes, 1987. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/f274126e-4c0a-4e2a-92d9-288adfd36514.
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Le dispositif est constitué de deux sous-ensembles distincts et complémentaires. Le 1er est formé par des modules optiques et optroniques permettant le recueil de l'image de l'œil et celle du champ visuel. Le 2eme intègre divers modules matériels et logiciels nécessaires au traitement des deux images acquises. Méthode du vecteur cornéen.
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Lablack, Adel. "Estimation du regard dans un environnement contrôlé." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841161.
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L'objectif principal de mon travail de thèse est l'extraction de la direction du regard (attention visuelle) d'une personne à partir de la vidéo. Cette analyse est effectuée dans un environnement composé d'une scène cible et d'une zone d'observation. La scène cible est une région d'intérêt définie pour être analysée (e.g. un écran plasma large, une image projetée sur un mur, une affiche publicitaire, un linéaire dans un magasin, ou la vitrine d'un magasin). La zone surveillée quant à elle est l'emplacement d'où les personnes regardent la scène cible (e.g. la rue, un couloir ou bien les allées d'un supermarché). Les connaissances qui sont extraites sont alors utilisées pour comprendre le comportement visuel de personnes ainsi que pour la réorganisation de la scène cible. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous proposons une approche basée sur l'estimation de l'orientation de la tête et la projection du champ visuel pour localiser la région d'intérêt. Nous avons utilisé une méthode d'estimation de l'orientation de la tête basée sur l'apparence globale et sur un modèle cylindrique, et une méthode de projection géométrique pour extraire les régions d'intérêts basée sur les données physiologiques de la vision humaine. L'analyse du comportement visuel des personnes a été effectuée à l'aide d'un ensemble de métriques. Les méthodes proposées ont été validées sur des données vidéos et images.
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Dahmane, Afifa. "Estimation du regard à partir de la vidéo." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10010/document.
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L'objectif de cette thèse est l'estimation de la pose de la tête humaine à partir d'imagesmonoculaires. Le but est d'avoir un retour d'information de l'utilisateur sur l'orientationde son regard, et ce, de manière non-intrusive. Ce domaine de recherche est très actifcompte tenu de l'évolution des interfaces de communication entre l'homme et la machine,d'autant plus que plusieurs défis sont toujours ouverts. Notamment, la robustesse dusystème, son invariabilité à l'identité des personnes et à l'illumination ainsi que la qualitédu matériel de capture requis.L'approche que nous avons proposée est basée sur la symétrie bilatérale du visage.Nous utilisons des caractéristiques extraites de la symétrie pour estimer la pose de latête par le biais de l'apprentissage. Les caractéristiques utilisées sont géométriques maisextraites de manière globale à partir de toute la texture du visage, sans que des pointsou des contours spécifiques ne soient requis.Ces caractéristiques ont été validées expérimentalement à l'aide de bases d'images etde vidéos publiques dédiées à l'estimation de la pose de la tête. L'apprentissage superviséainsi que la régression sont utilisés pour construire des modèles de poses. Ces modèles ontété testés sur des séquences vidéo indépendantes des bases utilisées pour l'apprentissage.L'erreur d'estimation a été calculée et les résultats sont supérieurs ou équivalents à l'étatde l'artThe aim of this thesis is to estimate the pose of a human head frommonocular images. The goal is to have a feedback from the user on the direction of hisgaze, and this is done in a non-intrusive manner. This area of research is very activegiven the evolution of the communication interfaces between a human and a machine,especially as many challenges are still there. In particular, the robustness of the system,its invariance to the identity of individuals and enlightenment.The approach we propose is based on the bilateral symmetry of the face. We usefeatures extracted from the symmetry to estimate head pose through learning. Thefeatures used are geometric but extracted holistically from the whole texture of the face,without the need for specifc points or contours.These features have been experimentally validated by means of publicly availabledatabases of images and videos dedicated to head pose estimation. Supervised learningand regression have been used to build models of poses. These models have been testedon video sequences different from the bases used for learning. The estimation error hasbeen calculated and the results are superior or equivalent to the state of the art
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Massé, Benoît. "Etude de la direction du regard dans le cadre d'interactions sociales incluant un robot." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM055/document.
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Les robots sont de plus en plus utilisés dans un cadre social. Il ne suffit plusde partager l’espace avec des humains, mais aussi d’interagir avec eux. Dansce cadre, il est attendu du robot qu’il comprenne un certain nombre de signauxambiguës, verbaux et visuels, nécessaires à une interaction humaine. En particulier, on peut extraire beaucoup d’information, à la fois sur l’état d’esprit despersonnes et sur la dynamique de groupe à l’œuvre, en connaissant qui ou quoichaque personne regarde. On parle de la Cible d’attention visuelle, désignéepar l’acronyme anglais VFOA. Dans cette thèse, nous nous intéressons auxdonnées perçues par un robot humanoı̈de qui participe activement à une in-teraction sociale, et à leur utilisation pour deviner ce que chaque personneregarde.D’une part, le robot doit “regarder les gens”, à savoir orienter sa tête(et donc la caméra) pour obtenir des images des personnes présentes. Nousprésentons une méthode originale d’apprentissage par renforcement pourcontrôler la direction du regard d’un robot. Cette méthode utilise des réseauxde neurones récurrents. Le robot s’entraı̂ne en autonomie à déplacer sa tête enfonction des données visuelles et auditives. Il atteint une stratégie efficace, quilui permet de cibler des groupes de personnes dans un environnement évolutif.D’autre part, les images du robot peuvent être utilisée pour estimer lesVFOAs au cours du temps. Pour chaque visage visible, nous calculons laposture 3D de la tête (position et orientation dans l’espace) car très fortementcorrélée avec la direction du regard. Nous l’utilisons dans deux applications.Premièrement, nous remarquons que les gens peuvent regarder des objets quine sont pas visible depuis le point de vue du robot. Sous l’hypothèse quelesdits objets soient regardés au moins une partie du temps, nous souhaitonsestimer leurs positions exclusivement à partir de la direction du regard despersonnes visibles. Nous utilisons une représentation sous forme de carte dechaleur. Nous avons élaboré et entraı̂né plusieurs réseaux de convolutions afinde d’estimer la régression entre une séquence de postures des têtes, et les posi-tions des objets. Dans un second temps, les positions des objets d’intérêt, pou-vant être ciblés, sont supposées connues. Nous présentons alors un modèleprobabiliste, suggéré par des résultats en psychophysique, afin de modéliserla relation entre les postures des têtes, les positions des objets, la directiondu regard et les VFOAs. La formulation utilise un modèle markovien à dy-namiques multiples. En appliquant une approches bayésienne, nous obtenonsun algorithme pour calculer les VFOAs au fur et à mesure, et une méthodepour estimer les paramètres du modèle.Nos contributions reposent sur la possibilité d’utiliser des données, afind’exploiter des approches d’apprentissage automatique. Toutes nos méthodessont validées sur des jeu de données disponibles publiquement. De plus, lagénération de scénarios synthétiques permet d’agrandir à volonté la quantitéde données disponibles; les méthodes pour simuler ces données sont explicite-ment détailléeRobots are more and more used in a social context. They are required notonly to share physical space with humans but also to interact with them. Inthis context, the robot is expected to understand some verbal and non-verbalambiguous cues, constantly used in a natural human interaction. In particular,knowing who or what people are looking at is a very valuable information tounderstand each individual mental state as well as the interaction dynamics. Itis called Visual Focus of Attention or VFOA. In this thesis, we are interestedin using the inputs from an active humanoid robot – participating in a socialinteraction – to estimate who is looking at whom or what.On the one hand, we want the robot to look at people, so it can extractmeaningful visual information from its video camera. We propose a novelreinforcement learning method for robotic gaze control. The model is basedon a recurrent neural network architecture. The robot autonomously learns astrategy for moving its head (and camera) using audio-visual inputs. It is ableto focus on groups of people in a changing environment.On the other hand, information from the video camera images are used toinfer the VFOAs of people along time. We estimate the 3D head poses (lo-cation and orientation) for each face, as it is highly correlated with the gazedirection. We use it in two tasks. First, we note that objects may be lookedat while not being visible from the robot point of view. Under the assump-tion that objects of interest are being looked at, we propose to estimate theirlocations relying solely on the gaze direction of visible people. We formulatean ad hoc spatial representation based on probability heat-maps. We designseveral convolutional neural network models and train them to perform a re-gression from the space of head poses to the space of object locations. Thisprovide a set of object locations from a sequence of head poses. Second, wesuppose that the location of objects of interest are known. In this context, weintroduce a Bayesian probabilistic model, inspired from psychophysics, thatdescribes the dependency between head poses, object locations, eye-gaze di-rections, and VFOAs, along time. The formulation is based on a switchingstate-space Markov model. A specific filtering procedure is detailed to inferthe VFOAs, as well as an adapted training algorithm.The proposed contributions use data-driven approaches, and are addressedwithin the context of machine learning. All methods have been tested on pub-licly available datasets. Some training procedures additionally require to sim-ulate synthetic scenarios; the generation process is then explicitly detailed
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Guetat-Calabrese, Narjès. "Diriger une maison d'enfants à caractère social : regard clinique sur la fonction de direction." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100160.
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Cette thèse porte sur la fonction de direction d’une maison d’enfants à caractère social (MECS). Le travail réalisé s’inscrit dans une approche clinique d’orientation psychanalytique. À partir de quatre entretiens cliniques de recherche auprès de deux directrices et deux directeurs de MECS, la chercheuse, occupant elle-même des fonctions de direction de MECS, propose de poser un regard clinique sur les différentes postures sous-jacentes à l’exercice de cette fonction. La thèse est organisée en trois parties : la première partie analyse l’itinéraire professionnel de la chercheuse et témoigne de l’évolution de son positionnement dans une démarche clinique d’abord en tant que professionnelle puis en tant que chercheuse. La deuxième partie présente le champ de la Protection de l’Enfance, la spécificité des MECS comme institutions de la mésinscription et des adolescents qui y sont accueillis, la fonction de direction à travers plusieurs ouvrages consacrés à cette question mis en écho avec l’expérience de fonction de direction occupée par la chercheuse. Un dernier chapitre propose quelques éclairages théoriques à propos de la pulsion et la pulsion de mort. La troisième et dernière partie est dédiée à l’analyse des entretiens et à la mise en perspective de ces analyses dans laquelle sont avancées des hypothèses de compréhension des enjeux conscients et inconscients dans l’exercice de la fonction de direction de MECSThis thesis focusses on the role of leadership in Children’s Social Care Homes (MECS) and on the analysis of the psychological sources which underlie this role. The work is done as part of a clinical approach from a psychoanalytical position. Based on clinical interviews conducted with directors of MECS, the researcher proposes to take a clinical look at the different aspects of this function. The thesis is organised in three parts : the first part traces the professional journey of the researcher and shows the evolution of her position in a clinical approach to psychoanalytical orientation, first as a professional and then as a researcher. The second part presents an overview of child protection as well as the specificities of the “MECS” as institutions of care (mesinscription) linked to the characteristics of the adolescents they welcome. Based on the reading of several works on the function of leadership in this type of institutions and using her own experience as a director of a MECS countertransferentially, the researcher analyses the outlines of the definition of this function. The third and final part is dedicated to the analysis of the interviews and putting into the perspective of these analyses in which are advanced hypotheses for understanding of the conscious and unconscious stakes process of “déliaison” in such an institution and to the dualism of the impulse to life/impulse to death
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Papin, Jean-Paul. "Utilisation des enregistrements de la direction du regard dans l'apprentissage de la prise d'information visuelle." Paris 5, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA05H093.
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En premier lieu, il est fait un rappel des recherches anterieures interessant d'une part les moyens d'enregistrement de la direction du regard et d'autre part les resultats obtenus concernant la prise d'information visuelle. Ceci permet de montrer: - l'existence, chez les sujets realisant une tache donnee, de traits du comportement visuel communs et specifiques, d'un niveau de competence particulier, - que ces traits s'acquierent de maniere partiellement inconsciente au cours de la formation, - que pour des taches differentes il existe des strategies presentants des points communs et permettant d'obtenir une reussite optimale. Ensuite sont rapportees les recherches qui testent l'hypothese suivante : "la presentation, l'explication et ou l'imposition a des eleves du comportement et des strategies d'exploration visuelle d'experts doit ameliorer la qualite de la formation". Ces recherches portent sur : -l'utilisation pedagogique de documents audiovisuels incluant des enregistrements de la direction du regard recueillis dans deux taches ; le pilotage en helicoptere et le diagnostic en radiophotographie, l'imposition, a des eleves, d'un comportement exploratoire juge comme optimal au cours de l'apprentissage du dessin en miroir. Les resultats montrent que, dans tous les cas, la vitesse de realisation de la tache est nettement amelioree mais que la precision reste identique voire devient moins bonne que celle d'eleves sur lesquels il n'y a pas eu intervention. En conclusion, il est propose, afin de remedier a cette absence d'effet positif sur la precision, de continuer ce type d'approche en presentant ou en imposant a des eleves des comportements visuels correspondant a des "passages obliges" identifies au cours des formations "habituelles"First, we relate previous researches dealing with means of gaze recording, and results about pick up of visual information. This shows : - for subjects performing a specific task, the existence of common visual behaviour, related to particular competence level, - that these features are partly unconscious acquisitions during training, - that for different tasks, strategies with common points and optimal performance are evidenced. Then, are presented the researches that test following assumption : "presentation, explanation and or laying down to students of experts "behaviour and strategies for visual pick up information must improve quality of training". These researches deal with : - educational use of audiovisual documents, including gaze recordings collected in two tasks : piloting helicopter, and radiophotograph diagnosis, - laying down, to students, of exploratory behaviour estimated as optimal for learning by means of mirror drawing. The results evidence that, in all cases, task performing speed is increased, but accuracy does not change, or becomes worse than for students who have note performed this training. In conclusion, we propose, to cure this absence of positive effect on accuracy, to continue this way of research by presenting or laying down to students visual behaviour, corresponding to "necessary ways" evidenced during usual training
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Lesne, Laurence. "Inclinaison horizontale du corps en décubitus dorsal et verticale subjective : direction du regard et référence égocentrée." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE29056.
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Cette étude aborde le rôle du regard et de la référence égocentrée (Z) dans la perception de la verticale subjective (VS) en décubitus dorsal. Ce paradigme consiste à placer un sujet à plat dos, à modifier la direction du corps dans le plan horizontal et à faire estimer la VS en roulis. Des erreurs sur la VS visuelle apparaissent alors dans la direction de la projection verticale de Z. Trois hypothèses expliquent ce résultat : (a) le sujet projette Z subjectif dans le plan vertical afin de l'apparier avec sa VS, (b) il projette sa VS en tangage, résultante d'une combinaison gravito-idiotropique, (c) l'erreur en roulis est due à la déviation du regard crée par le décubitus dorsal. L'étude expérimentale de ces 3 hypothèses conduit à attribuer un rôle fondamental à la direction du regard dans l'estimation de la VS en décubitus dorsal notamment de par l'interdépendance de l'axe Z et de l'axe du regard. Une réinterprétation des effets d'inclinaison en terme de dissociation de l'espace égocentré et oculocentré apporte alors une nouvelle explication de la dichotomie effet-Aubert vs effet-Müller. Enfin, les résultats montrent une procédure d'ajustement égocentré subjectivo-céphalo-dépendant traduisant une déviation égocentrée céphalo-centrée gauche attribuable à une déviation implicite du regard à gauche liée au sens habituel de balayage oculaire de l'espace. Ainsi, les biais spatiaux égocentrés ne seraient que la manifestation de la déviation de l'espace oculocentré liée aux routines oculomotrices, et les effets d'inclinaison corporelle n'auraient pour origine qu'une mauvaise prise en compte de la dissociation de l'espace oculocentré et égocentréThis study approaches the role of the gaze and the egocentric reference (Z) in the subjective vertical perception (VS) in supine position. This paradigm consists in placing a subject fiat back, modifying the body direction in the horizontal plane and making estimate the SV in rolling. Three assumptions explain this result: (a) the subject projects subjective Z in the vertical plane in order to pair it with its VS, (b) he projects its VS in pitching, result of a gravito-idiotropic combination, (c) the error in rolling is caused by the gaze deviation creates by the supine position. The experimental study of these 3 assumptions leads to give a fundamental role at the gaze direction in the SV estimate in supine position especially by the interdependence of Z axis and gaze axis. So, a re-interpretation of body tilt effects like dissociation between egocentric space and oculocentric space brings a new explanation to the dichotomy Aubert-effect vs Müller-effect. To finish, results show a subjectivo-cephalo-dependent egocentric adjustment procedure. This points to a left egocentric cephalo-centered deviation caused by an implicit left deviation of gaze related to the usual direction of space ocular scanning. Thus, egocentric space bias would be only the manifestation of the deviation of oculocentric space related to the oculomotor process, and body tilt effects would originate in only one mis-knowledge of the dissociation of oculocentric and egocentric space
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Charbonnier, Colette. "La commande oculaire : étude et validation expérimentale d'interfaces homme-machine controlées par la direction du regard." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10120.
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Qui n'a pas imagine un jour de deplacer les objets par la seule force du regard ? la faculte d'utiliser les yeux comme outil de controle n'est plus du domaine du reve. Le developpement des systemes de mesure des mouvements des yeux permet maintenant d'envisager des commandes visuelles. Cette these traite des interfaces homme-ordinateur controlees par la direction du regard. Dans un premier temps, nous avons identifie les possibilites d'interaction il-ecran en fonction: des capacites des systemes visuel et oculomoteur, des systemes de mesure des mouvements des yeux existants, des champs d'application ou l'utilisation de la commande oculaire est pertinente. Dans un second temps, nous avons evalue 3 possibilites d'interfaces controlees par la direction du regard. Pour cela, des demonstrateurs ont ete realises avec l'oculometre developpe au laboratoire. Les resultats experimentaux obtenus montrent que les yeux peuvent fournir un outil de commande efficace lors de differentes strategies visuelles. Ils permettent egalement de specifier davantage l'instrumentation de mesure en fonction du domaine d'application vise
Books on the topic "Direction absolue du regard"
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Un regard qui te fracasse: Propos sur le théâtre et la mise en scène. Montréal, Quebec: Boréal, 2014.
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Didier, Mouchel, Maison des arts de la ville d'Evreux., and Musée d'Evreux, eds. Portraits d'arbres: Henri Gadeau de Kerville au regard de la photographie contemporaine / sous la direction de Didier Mouchel. [Cherbourg]: Point du jour, 2004.
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Kende, Mathias. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817611.003.0003.
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The Conclusion to this book confirms that the TPRM has functioned relatively well but that its performance could and should be improved in order for it to remain politically relevant. In this regard, this chapter provides some recommendations with regard to the objectives, the structure, and the respective participants of the TPRM. Each of these recommendations are tested against the background of the last (sixth) appraisal of the system (2016) whose results precede the upcoming Eleventh WTO Ministerial Conference in Buenos Aires (December 2017). The book concludes that some of the results of the last appraisal are a step into the good direction but that the WTO Membership will need to be more ambitious in order to keep the system relevant.
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Rahat, Gideon, and Ofer Kenig. Party Change and Political Personalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808008.003.0010.
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Scholars tend to see the relationship between parties and personalization as a zero-sum game: when one declines, the other is expected to rise. Yet, while scholars of political personalization regard party decline as the starting point of their story, for scholars of party change personalization is only one of the possible outcomes of party decline. These two perspectives are critically examined here. Then the chapter surveys Wattenberg’s works, the only scholar who accorded the two phenomena equal weight. Next the challenges encountered by this common representation of the relationship between party change and political personalization as a zero-sum game are examined. The chapter ends by reviewing the issue of the causal direction of this relationship.
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Bowles, Adam. Law during Emergencies. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198702603.003.0020.
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This chapter traces concepts underpinning āpaddharma (“law during emergencies”) from their earliest articulations in the Dharmaśāstras. It argues that “law during emergencies” first appears as a way to ameliorate problems arising when circumstances render normative occupations unviable. Therefore, the core principle of āpaddharma permits a conditional occupational mobility, typically in a socially downward direction. Later texts—particularly the Mānavadharmaśāstra and the Mahābhārata, in which the compound āpaddharma is first coined—develop and extend this concept into other areas, especially with regard to leviratic union and political violence. It is argued that the concept of āpaddharma serves to protect an individual from the social and transcendent consequences of being unable to follow normative standards of behavior.
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Dryzek, John S. 9. Changing People: Green Consciousness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199696000.003.0009.
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This chapter examines a category of green radicalism that focuses on green consciousness. The stress on green consciousness means that the way people experience and regard the world in which they live, and each other, is the key to green change. Once consciousness has changed in an appropriate direction, then policies, social structures, institutions, and economic systems are expected to fall into place. This prioritization of consciousness is widespread in the green movement, among deep ecologists, bioregionalists, ecofeminists, ecotheologists, and lifestyle greens, among others. The chapter begins with a discussion of deep ecology, ecofeminism, bioregionalism, ecological citizenship, lifestyle greens, and ecotheology. It then considers romanticism, the discourse analysis of green consciousness, and the impact of green consciousness change. Finally, it highlights the challenges confronting green consciousness.
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Sreenivasan, Gopal. Acts, Agents, and the Definition of Virtue. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808930.003.0013.
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This chapter discusses the direction of epistemological priority between traits and actions in the definition of virtue. Do we first identify a character trait as kind, say, and only then identify its characteristic expressions as kind acts? Or do we identify various acts as kind acts first, and only then identify the agents who perform them as kind agents? This chapter defends a modest agent-centered view: some kind acts can be identified as kind without reference to any kind agent, while other kind acts cannot be identified as kind except by identifying them as the characteristic expressions of a certain trait (kindness). Many proponents of virtue ethics are committed to a privileged role for agents in the definition of virtue; and they regard this commitment as making their enterprise distinctive. In preserving an indispensable role for virtuous agents in the identification of virtuous actions, the present argument vindicates their aspiration.
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1944-, Hébert Raymond, Théberge Raymond, Beaudoin Gérald A. 1929-, Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, Société franco-manitobaine, and Chambre de commerce francophone de Saint-Boniface., eds. Canada--horizons 2000 : un pays à la recherche de soi : regard prospectif sur le Canada du 21e siècle : actes du colloque tenu au Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface les 7, 8 et 9 novembre 1996 =: Canada--horizons 2000 : re(defining) Canada : a prospective look at our country in the 21st century : proceedings of the Symposium held at the Collège universitaire de Saint-Boniface, November 7, 8 and 9, 1996 / sous la direction de = edited by Raymond-M. Hébert, Raymond Théberge ; [auteurs = authors, Gérald A. Beaudoin ... et al.]. Winnipeg, Man: Presses universitaires de Saint-Boniface, 1997.
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Wen, Yun. The Huawei Model. University of Illinois Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252043437.001.0001.
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With the rise of China’s information and communications technology (ICT) sector, a number of Chinese high-tech firms are approaching transnational stages and shifting the center of gravity in global ICT markets. In the meantime, China’s digital economy has raised the debate with regard to the nature and direction of its developmental model. This book investigates Huawei Technologies—China’s most competitive high-tech company—as a microcosm of the rise of China’s corporate power and its evolving digital economy. Yun Wen first traces Huawei’s history against the backdrop of China’s ICT development and its outward expansion in global markets. Focusing on Huawei’s research and development strategies, she then delineates Huawei’s path to its cutting-edge technology and innovation leadership. Huawei’s distinct experience in the design of its ownership structure and labor practices is also examined in the book. By examining how Huawei’s growth intertwined with the trajectory of China’s ICT development and how it responded to various forces of corporate China’s globalization, this book sheds light on distinguishing features of the “Huawei model” and the geopolitical economic implications of China’s corporate globalization. It argues that the core of China’s pathbreaking model lies in local alternatives and indigenous agencies that have the ability to insist on a self-reliant, open-minded, and innovation-oriented developmental strategy.
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Solomon, William. Theoretical Interlude. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040245.003.0007.
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Lookout honey, ’cause I’m using technology Ain’t got no time to make no apology—The Stooges, “Search and Destroy”Walter Benjamin’s Depression-era reflections on the collective functions of modernist poetry and slapstick film, on the ways they both struggled to negotiate the psychosomatic impact of capitalist modernity, provide a strong model for grasping the utopian impulses structuring the phenomenon I have termed “slapstick modernism.” The strain of his thought that is most valuable in this regard is the one tending in the direction of an anthropological materialism. Particularly promising is the constellation of concepts that he was still in the process of elaborating at the end of his life: innervation, (corporeal) mimesis, second technology, and play. Holding these concepts together is the idea that affectively charged cultural practices may play a crucial role in fashioning an antifascist social body, one capable of adjusting to its technologically mediated environment. For Benjamin, literary modernism and silent comedy participated in the same general project: the historical mission or task they assigned themselves was to contribute to the construction of a collective agent that would be capable of determining its own future. If, as Miriam Hansen argues, Benjamin’s investment in film was not the result of a “futurist or constructivist enthusiasm for the machine-age,” but arose from his hope that the medium “might yet counter the devastating effects of humanity’s ‘bungled reception of technology,’ which had come to a head with World War I” (...
Book chapters on the topic "Direction absolue du regard"
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Bryant, Peter T. "Self-Generation." In Augmented Humanity, 247–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76445-6_9.
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AbstractAutonomous agents are self-generative, meaning they can manage their own development and reproduction without external direction. For artificial agents, self-generation entails the composition of algorithmic systems and metamodels. For humans, it involves the composition of life narratives and identities. That said, many people have few self-generative options because they lack the required resources, opportunities, and capabilities. Digitalization supports remedial efforts in this regard. Digital augmentation strengthens capabilities and expands potentialities. Many people already enjoy these benefits. Yet there is also evidence of the opposite. Some individuals and groups are excluded, while others resist digital augmentation or feel blocked and incapable of absorbing these opportunities. Instead, they either persist with singular, traditional life paths, or flounder in the face of complexity, or surrender choice and submit to digital determination. As this chapter explains, such responses erode self-generation and put human flourishing at risk.
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Cui, Xunxue, Kegen Yu, and Songsheng Lu. "TDOA-Based Acoustic Direction Finding." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 193–231. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3528-7.ch005.
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This chapter focuses on estimating the azimuth and elevation angles of a sound emitter based on time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements using an array of acoustic sensors. The TDOA-based direction-finding problem is appropriate because in a range of scenarios the source only emits a transient signal and TDOA measurements provide a simple method of finding the direction of the received signal. Given the measurement of TDOA, three methods for calculating the actual bearing of an acoustic source are considered—algebraic calculations based on trigonometric functions, linear least squares, and nonlinear least squares—and these results are also compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB). In this chapter, a comprehensive analysis of TDOA-based direction-finding methods is presented with regard to different application conditions, while their estimation performances are analysed with both simulation and field experimental results produced by 3-D microphone array.
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McHenry, Leemon B. "The Problem of Time." In The Event Universe. Edinburgh University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474400343.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the problem of time with regard to the unification of general relativity and quantum mechanics and advances in broad outline one direction that this unification might potentially follow, namely, a version of Broad’s growing block universe consistent with Whitehead’s late metaphysics and relativistic quantum field theory. The theories of time – eternalism, presentism and the growing block theory – are discussed in connection with three and four dimensional views of reality.
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Erdos, David. "European Data Protection Regulation and ‘Non-Journalistic’ Traditional Publishers." In European Data Protection Regulation, Journalism, and Traditional Publishers, 209–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841982.003.0010.
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This chapter explores both the statutory law applicable and the regulatory approach taken to the activity of professional artists and writers outside journalism under European data protection as it developed until the end of the Data Protection Directive (DPD) era. It is found that no pan-European data protection instrument prior to the DPD addressed this interface and such a lacuna was also reflected in the majority of first-generation data protection laws adopted at State-level. In contrast, the DPD provides special (but not absolute) derogations not just for ‘journalistic purposes’ but also for ‘literary and artistic expression’ and this was reflected in the second-generation laws of approximately two-thirds of European Economic Area (EEA) States. Despite falling within data protection’s scope, Data Protection Authorities (DPAs) have generally avoided addressing these actors’ positions. In the early period, the Swedish DPA proved a partial exception to this by publishing guidance on media created on CD-ROMs and even attempted to set license conditions for the use of a computer to produce a book manuscript. Under second-generation data protection, both the Italian and Maltese DPAs issued some specific guidance and the Italian and Slovenian engaged in concrete enforcement. These interventions pointed to a lack of consistency as regards applicable norms. Thus, whilst the Italian DPA crafted a deferential approach based on contextual rights balancing, the Maltese and Slovenian DPAs developed a much more peremptory and restrictive perspective at least as regards photographic images.
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Caron, François. "Les grandes compagnies de chemin de fer sous le regard de la direction des Etudes financières (1883-1937)." In Publications d'histoire économique et sociale internationale, 385–405. Librairie Droz, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/droz.desja.2002.01.0385.
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Linklater, Andrew. "Elias’s Explanation of the European Civilizing Process." In The Idea of Civilization and the Making of the Global Order, 53–88. Policy Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529213874.003.0003.
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This chapter explains Elias’s pioneering analysis of the European civilizing process – the process in which they came to regard themselves as uniquely civilized. It discusses his examination of how state formation, internal pacification, and rising interdependencies were linked with the development of new standards of propriety and new expectations of self-restraint. Changing attitudes to violence were integral parts of the overall direction of change. Civilized people came to regard judicial torture and capital punishment as antithetical to their refined ways of life. Changing manners were related developments. Those movements influenced European attitudes to non-European peoples. They underpinned the belief that colonialism was necessary to spread civilization. Elias did not argue that the process of civilization was evidence of human progress. The chapter discusses his analysis of decivilizing processes in Nazi Germany and the argument that sociological inquiry should seek to explain the shifting balances of power between civilizing and decivilizing processes in human figurations.
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Dylan, Huw, David V. Gioe, and Michael S. Goodman. "The CIA and the USSR: The Challenge of Understanding the Soviet Threat." In The CIA and the Pursuit of Security, 64–76. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474428842.003.0004.
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This chapter outlines how countering the perceived threat from the USSR became the central mission of the CIA. It also details just how little information the CIA had to work with, and how central judgements and analysis came to be in shaping policy direction about possible USSR actions. Developing analytical capabilities was key to this, and it was institutionalised in CIA as early as 1946 with the creation of the Office of Reports and Estimates. Meanwhile, the CIA continued to evolve. Particularly significant in this regard was Walter Bedell Smith. Document: Intelligence on the Soviet Bloc
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Lan, Yi-chen. "A Framework for an Organization's Transition to Globalization - Investigation of IT Issues." In Managing Globally with Information Technology, 1–11. IGI Global, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-93177-742-1.ch001.
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This chapter explores information technology (IT) issues in regard to an organization’s transition towards globalization. The challenges of IT dealing with transforming enterprises to globalized organizations require the identification, consolidation, and resolution of issues to support the organizations towards globalization. The chapter begins with identifying and classifying four major IT transition issues: global IT infrastructure, global business applications, global telecommunication network, and data/information systems improvement. It is then followed by detailed discussion of each issue with regards to its importance and relevance in global transformation. The chapter concludes by indicating a future research direction to incorporate organizational scopes (inter-organizational and intra-organizational) in the global IT transition framework.
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Pérès, Cécile. "Compulsory Portion in France." In Comparative Succession Law, 78–107. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850397.003.0004.
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This chapter deals with the réserve héréditaire in the French law of succession. In the presence of descendants or, failing that, a surviving spouse, French law limits the deceased’s freedom to dispose of his or her property by will or gifts. A person’s estate is notionally divided into two parts: the quotité disponible, which he or she may freely dispose of, and the réserve héréditaire, which the law transfers to certain designated heirs. The réserve héréditaire of the French Civil code is the fruit of a long historical tradition stemming from both Roman law and customary law. It has constantly adapted to the evolution of society. That evolution continues today. The Act of 23 June 2006 had made the réserve héréditaire evolve in a more liberal direction. However, the foundations of the réserve héréditaire – particularly with regard to descendants – remain solid and unchallenged.
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Tierney, Stephen. "After the Scottish Independence Referendum." In Territory and Power in Constitutional Transitions, 275–91. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836544.003.0015.
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This chapter examines the independence referendum in Scotland, held on September 18, 2014, and its implications for the federal direction of the United Kingdom. The referendum saw 55 percent of Scots say “No” to the question: “Should Scotland be an Independent Country?”. Despite this result, the referendum has sparked a further process of decentralization. The chapter first describes the context that led to the Scottish independence referendum, focusing in particular on the success of the Scottish National Party (SNP) in the parliamentary elections of May 2011 and why the referendum emerged from—and was organized within—the normal contours of constitutional democracy. It then considers the period of constitutional engagement and the outcome of the referendum before concluding with an analysis of some of the lessons that can be drawn from it with regard to constitutional change and the issue of secession.
Conference papers on the topic "Direction absolue du regard"
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La, Tran Vu, Ali Khenchaf, Fabrice Comblet, and Carole Nahum. "Sensitivity of sea wind direction retrieval from Sentinel-1 data with regard to spatial resolution and speckle noise." In IGARSS 2016 - 2016 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2016.7730037.
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Белоусова, С., and S. Belousova. "Department of Biomedical Research and Technologies of the Irkutsk Scientific Center of the SBRA Sprerequisites for the creation and direction of work from the editor." In Topical issues of translational medicine: a collection of articles dedicated to the 5th anniversary of the day The creation of a department for biomedical research and technology of the Irkutsk Scientific Center Siberian Branch of RAS. Москва: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/conferencearticle_58be81eca0ace.
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The article presents the analysis of depopulation processes of the Russian Federation on the example of the Irkutsk region. The author evaluates the strategy of the health care system in Russia in solution of depopulation problems. Types and features of depopulation process in Russia are established. The situation of demographic processes in the Irkutsk region is described. The region is considered, as the analysis has shown, to be a typical model of depopulation processes in Russia. The paper presents the analysis of present-day measures taken for the development of health care system. It is revealed that without regard to the state and mechanisms of public health functioning, the effectiveness of presented measures on improvement of health care system is limited.
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Rybczynski, Jozef. "Evaluation of Tolerable Misalignment Areas of Bearings of Multi-Support Rotating Machine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90111.
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The paper presents the results of evaluation of admissible misalignments of two neuralgic bearings of a great power turbine set. The areas of admissible misalignments have been evaluated by numerical analysis of the discrete model of the machine with the aid of a package of MESWIR computer codes. For this purpose the criteria of “tolerable misalignment” were formulated with regard to permissible bearing vibrations and with regard to permissible static bearing loads. The areas of tolerable misalignments of the two bearings are presented in the graphs as the envelopes of maximum permissible bearing vibration and permissible bearing load, separately. The envelopes limits misalignments of the bearings to any direction regarded as the superposition of simultaneous vertical and horizontal displacements. Dimensions and the shapes of the areas are different for the two analyzed bearings and also depend on the fact, whether the area was calculated with regard to criterion of bearing vibration or criterion of bearing load. Especially interesting and not expected are shapes of the areas calculated with regard to vibration criterion. In this case after reaching the maximum permissible vibration at some bearing misalignment, further misalignment of the bearing may result in decreasing of vibration level. The method and procedure applied in the investigations allow determining how sensitive is a rotating multi-support machine to random misalignment of bearings. Basing on the method it is possible to correct the location of particular bearings to optimize tolerable bearing misalignment areas. Besides the research makes it possible to formulate a system of diagnostic relations connected with the bearing misalignment defects, which can make the knowledge basis for a diagnostic system.
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Kwarta, Michał, Arman Pazouki, and Dan Negrut. "Moving in the Rain: Should We Run or Should We Walk?" In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68379.
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We use simulation to gauge how various strategies for purposefully moving in the rain control the degree to which an individual is soaked while getting from point A to point B. The study is only concerned with the number of rain droplet hits. We use this as a proxy for “degree of soaking” without any regard to the clothing that the individual wears. The motion of the individual is assumed not to influence the rain intensity and direction. The two-way coupling emerging at high speeds will be addressed in a different study.
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Pontonnier, Charles, Georges Dumont, Mark de Zee, Afshin Samani, and Pascal Madeleine. "Cutting Force and EMG Recordings for Ergonomics Assessment of Meat Cutting Tasks: Influence of the Workbench Height and the Cutting Direction on Muscle Activation Levels." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82254.
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Repetitive arm movement and force exertion are common in meat cutting tasks and often lead to musculosketal disorders. In this study, the effects of the workbench height and the cutting direction on the levels of muscular activation of the upper extremity during meat cutting tasks were investigated. Seven subjects performed 4 trials of 20s each at the 4 different heights (0 cm, −10 cm, −20 cm and −30 cm below the elbow height), alternating two cutting directions. Activation levels of upper extremity muscles (biceps brachii, triceps long head, deltoideus anterior, deltoideus medialis and upper trapezius) and cutting forces were recorded synchronously. Then the trends of the normalized activations with regard to the workplace design parameters (table height and cutting direction) were computed. Results showed that the optimal configuration is a partially related to the task, whereas motor control strategies have also an influence on it. The present results provide new key information about the effects of workbench heights during a repetitive meat cutting task and a complete assessment protocol to analyse workstation design parameters influence on muscles activation levels.
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Liessem, Andreas, and Marion Erdelen-Peppler. "A Critical View on the Significance of HAZ Toughness Testing." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0315.
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Within the heat affected zone (HAZ) along the weld seam of LSAW linepipes discrete microstructural regions of reduced toughness can not be avoided and are commonly designated with the term Local Brittle Zones. The nature of these LBZ has been intensively investigated and the gathered knowledge is exploited in today’s steel technology, plate processing and pipe manufacturing. The HAZ toughness has been improved in general by reducing MA constituents and by austenite grain refinement. Nevertheless local areas of low toughness within the CGHAZ can not be avoided completely. They are statistically distributed in every pipe. Furthermore it seems to be widely accepted that the structural reliability of LSAW linepipe produced and inspected with state-of-the-art technology is not influenced as these areas of low toughness have a limited size and distribution. This has been demonstrated by numerous investigations including small scale (CVN, CTOD), wide plate and burst tests. The essence of these investigations is that the failure behaviour of linepipe containing part wall defects in the HAZ is toughness independent. So far researcher’s world is clear and in good shape. Nevertheless many linepipe specifications tend to stipulate stringent test requirements with regard to acceptance criteria for the HAZ. In the occurrences of test failures a re-test procedure for test lot acceptance is carried out. As a matter of fact the LBZ are present along the weld seam over limited areas in each pipe. Therefore such a re-test procedure is regarded to be inappropriate in terms of quality inspection as it randomly sorts out pipes just by the statistical chance. With regard to HAZ toughness the pipes failed by this test do not differ from those pipes accepted and released for dispatch. As a final conclusion it can be stated that the existing test procedures for the HAZ toughness testing of the main standards and specifications do not reflect the current developments with regard to improved HAZ toughness achieved by the development of optimised steel composition and with regard to the enhanced defect detection probability along with modern NDT inspection methods. An amendment of the current test procedures in this direction is proposed. Therefore proposals are made as start for a common discussion.
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Fu, Yongqiang, Jun Cai, San-Mou Jeng, and Hukam Mongia. "Reacting Spray Structure of a Counter-Rotating Swirl Cup." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68490.
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An experimental study was conducted to characterize the two-phase nonreacting and reacting flow characteristics of a mixer comprised of concentric counter-swirlers installed in a 3-inch square test section. A two-component Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer (PDPA) system was used to measure mean and fluctuating velocity components in the three directions, as well as the droplet size distribution and volume flux. Detailed measurements have been used to improve mechanistic understanding of reacting counter-swirling complex flow-field with attendant changes expected in future modeling direction. As known empirically for the mixer studied, the present indepth experimental results show that the reacting flowfield characteristics are significantly different from that of the isothermal flow in regard to, for example, the recirculation zone, and decay of the counter-swirl velocity component.
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Yang, Ce, Botai Su, Xin Shi, Hanzhi Zhang, Wenli Wang, and Changmao Yang. "Mechanism of Circumferential Static Pressure Oscillation in a Centrifugal Compressor With Volute." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59051.
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Abstract Under the action of an asymmetric volute structure, a non-uniform flow field is formed in the circumferential direction of the centrifugal compressor. During the throttling process of the compressor at different rotational speeds, the static pressure presents a double-peak distribution of two high static pressure strips, one of which is induced by the volute tongue. However, the formation mechanism of the other high static pressure strip remains unclear. In this regard, computations of the steady and unsteady flows in a centrifugal compressor with and without a volute are performed. The purpose of removing the volute is to simplify the boundary conditions at the diffuser exit, eliminate the circumferential pressure gradient distribution in the volute, and retain the circumferential local high static pressure region induced by the VT; thereafter, the circumferential static pressure distributions in the diffuser and impeller are observed. The results indicate that after eliminating the pressure gradient at the diffuser exit along the rotation direction, only local high static pressure boundary conditions can result in the formation of two high static pressure strips in the diffuser and impeller. The local high static pressure at the exit redistributes the mass flow rate at the impeller outlet, forming two regions with high airflow velocity in the diffuser; this leads to the appearance of two high static pressure strips in the circumferential direction. With the increase in the pressure amplitude of the high static pressure at the diffuser exit, the oscillation amplitude of the circumferential pressure is intensified, and the pressure peaks of the two high static pressure strips increase. However, the circumferential positions of the two static pressure peaks practically remain constant. At large mass flow rates, the pressure reduction along the circumferential direction at the diffuser exit preclude the formation of two circumferential high static pressure strips in the diffuser and impeller.
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Bischur, Enrico, and Norbert Schwesinger. "Plane PVDF-Foil Modules for Energy Harvesting of Dynamic Weight Forces." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5164.
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Plane PVDF-foil modules have been developed and successfully tested that generate electrical energy out of the mechanical energy of dynamic weight forces. For instance electrical energy can be generated, if people or vehicles pass such modules on a ground area. This method is based on the piezoelectric effect of stretched PVDF-foil. The energy conversion of the generator modules was investigated with regard to the remanent polarization of the PVDF material. Furthermore, the influence of the PVDF layer system was investigated on the energy conversion. The measured values are compared with values calculated analytically. It was found that a higher remanent polarization of the PVDF material lead to a better energy conversion. Even more electrical energy could be generated, if more PVDF layers were stacked above each other. If the values were normalized on the PVDF volume used in each case, the values of the electric energy were not constant. However, a maximum was observed at n = 21 layers. The measured energy values were higher than calculated values of the longitudinal piezoelectric effect. This could be caused by a simultaneous expansion of the PVDF film in a direction vertical to the direction of the mechanical load. These generator modules could be used as new energy source for emergency lighting, alarm systems, traffic sensors, etc.
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Liu, Shu-Hong, Ju Ding, Chen-huai Tang, Pan Song, Deng-chao Tang, Ye Zhang, and Yu-qing Yang. "Analysis of Detection Quality for Ultrasonic Guided Wave With L(0,2) and T(0,1) in the Pressure Pipe." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93203.
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Abstract Torsion mode and longitudinal mode are used primarily in ultrasonic guided wave inspection, especially L (0, 2) mode and T (0, 1) mode. There are some differences between them, like excitation method, mode of particle vibration, inspection ability and impact factor. So, it is very important to select the appropriate mode between L (0,2) and T(0,1). In this paper, the detection ability of two guided wave modes are compared and analyzed with regard to four aspects in the pipe: fluid, liquid level, defects, the angle between defect and wave propagation direction. The experimental results show that L (0,2) mode is more suitable for defect detection in pressure pipe than T (0,1) mode, but L (0,2) mode is more sensitive to fluid in a pipe. This paper provides a basis for selecting the mode of guided waves in ultrasonic detection.
Reports on the topic "Direction absolue du regard"
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Gromyko, Alexey. Comments on the Brussels Summit Communique, 14 June 2021. Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (IERAS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/analytics32220211922.
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All in all, the document sadly contains few tangibles on NATO-Russia military risk reduction even on practical issues of obvious mutual interest. At the same time, it has incorporated a new dose of harsh rhetoric against Russia, which in some instances runs counter to the results of the Geneva summit. Some parts of the documents contradict each other. There is an impression that as far as Russia is concerned the task of the document was to strengthen even further its “hard talk” on Russia while keeping a minimal set of formal references about selective engagement. The Communique tilts further in the direction of raising stakes and showing no interest of NATO in playing its own or at least supportive role in military de-escalation in Europe. It seems that in this regard the Alliance’s intention is to wait and see what will happen next in Russia – US relations.