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Journal articles on the topic 'Direction illusion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 19 July 2025

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1

Agostini, Tiziano, and Riccardo Luccio. "Müller-Lyer Illusion and Perception of Numerosity." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3 (1994): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259407800347.

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Illusion of numerosity can be observed in many of the classical illusions of linear extent by replacing the uninterrupted lines with rows of dots. Using the method of constant stimuli both length and numerosity illusions move in the same direction, whereas using a magnitude-estimation method the two illusions move in opposite directions. Two experiments show that this inversion occurs also in the Müller-Lyer illusion.

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Long, Gerald M., and Thomas C. Toppino. "A New Twist on the Rotating-Trapezoid Illusion: Evidence for Neural-Adaptation Effects." Perception 23, no. 6 (1994): 619–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p230619.

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In a series of experiments, the selective-adaptation paradigm was applied to the rotating-trapezoid illusion in an effort to demonstrate neural-adaptation effects in the figural reversal of this classic illusion. Prior to viewing the standard trapezoid, the observer adapted to a rectangle rotating unambiguously in the same direction as the trapezoid or in the opposite direction. In accordance with the neural hypothesis, illusion strength was greatest when the two figures rotated in the same direction and weakest when the two figures rotated in opposite directions. Results were confirmed with t

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Poom, Leo. "Influences of orientation on the Ponzo, contrast, and Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusions." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 4 (2019): 1896–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01953-8.

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AbstractExplanations of the Ponzo size illusion, the simultaneous contrast illusion, and the Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet brightness illusions involve either stimulus-driven processes (assimilation, enhanced contrast, and anchoring) or prior experiences. Real-world up-down asymmetries for typical direction of illumination and ground planes in our physical environment should influence these illusions if they are experience based, but not if they are stimulus driven. Results presented here demonstrate differences in illusion strengths between upright and inverted versions of all three illusions. A le

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Mussap, Alexander J., and Boris Crassini. "Barber-Pole Illusions and Plaids: The Influence of Aperture Shape on Motion Perception." Perception 22, no. 10 (1993): 1155–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p221155.

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The barber-pole illusion and its influence on plaid perception were investigated in two experiments to test the following expectations: (i) apertures which bias the perception of grating motion in directions consistent with plaid direction will facilitate plaid perception, and (ii) apertures which bias the perception of grating motion in directions inconsistent with plaid direction will disrupt plaid perception. In experiment 1 the barber-pole illusion was measured as a function of grating orientation (20°, 45°, and 70°, clockwise and counterclockwise from horizontal), and aperture shape (vert

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Roberts, James W., Nicholas Gerber, Caroline J. Wakefield, and Philip J. Simmonds. "Dissociating the Influence of Perceptual Biases and Contextual Artifacts Within Target Configurations During the Planning and Control of Visually Guided Action." Motor Control 25, no. 3 (2021): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2020-0054.

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The failure of perceptual illusions to elicit corresponding biases within movement supports the view of two visual pathways separately contributing to perception and action. However, several alternative findings may contest this overarching framework. The present study aimed to examine the influence of perceptual illusions within the planning and control of aiming. To achieve this, we manipulated and measured the planning/control phases by respectively perturbing the target illusion (relative size-contrast illusion; Ebbinghaus/Titchener circles) following movement onset and detecting the spati

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Bach, Michael. "A failed attempt to explain relative motion illusions via motion blur, and a new sparse version." i-Perception 13, no. 5 (2022): 204166952211241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695221124153.

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Visual patterns can evoke marked, even beautiful motion illusions even if they are static; eye movements in all likelihood serve as temporal modulators. This paper concentrates on Ouchi-type “relative” or “sliding” motion illusions. It outlines an eye-motion-evoked motion-blur hypothesis, which does not correctly predict the shift direction of maximal illusion. This failure led to a nearly new particularly simple stimulus: an arrangement of dashed lines that strongly evokes a relative motion illusion, the “orthogonal dotted lines sway.” The latter is well explained by motion integration.

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Peters, Megan A. K., Ling-Qi Zhang, and Ladan Shams. "The material-weight illusion is a Bayes-optimal percept under competing density priors." PeerJ 6 (October 11, 2018): e5760. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5760.

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The material-weight illusion (MWI) is one example in a class of weight perception illusions that seem to defy principled explanation. In this illusion, when an observer lifts two objects of the same size and mass, but that appear to be made of different materials, the denser-looking (e.g., metal-look) object is perceived as lighter than the less-dense-looking (e.g., polystyrene-look) object. Like the size-weight illusion (SWI), this perceptual illusion occurs in the opposite direction of predictions from an optimal Bayesian inference process, which predicts that the denser-looking object shoul

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Howell, Jacqui, Mark Symmons, and George Van Doorn. "Direct comparison of the haptic and visual horizontal–vertical illusions using traditional figures and single lines." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x648125.

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The horizontal–vertical illusion (HVI) has been widely and extensively reported as a visual phenomenon in which a vertical line is perceived as shorter than a horizontal line of the same length. Like a number of geometric illusions, the HVI has also been found to occur haptically, though there is less agreement in the literature as to the extent and direction of the illusion. The relatively small number of haptic HVI papers coupled with a variety of stimuli and procedures used make it difficult to make direct comparison between the visual and haptic versions of the illusion. After a brief crit

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Hoffmann, Rebekka, Manje A. B. Brinkhuis, Runar Unnthorsson, and Árni Kristjánsson. "The intensity order illusion: temporal order of different vibrotactile intensity causes systematic localization errors." Journal of Neurophysiology 122, no. 4 (2019): 1810–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00125.2019.

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Haptic illusions serve as important tools for studying neurocognitive processing of touch and can be utilized in practical contexts. We report a new spatiotemporal haptic illusion that involves mislocalization when the order of vibrotactile intensity is manipulated. We tested two types of motors mounted in a 4 × 4 array in the lower thoracic region. We created apparent movement with two successive vibrotactile stimulations of varying distance (40, 20, or 0 mm) and direction (up, down, or same) while changing the temporal order of stimulation intensity (strong-weak vs. weak-strong). Participant

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Curran, William, Colin W. G. Clifford, and Christopher P. Benton. "The hierarchy of directional interactions in visual motion processing." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 276, no. 1655 (2008): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2008.1065.

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It is well known that context influences our perception of visual motion direction. For example, spatial and temporal context manipulations can be used to induce two well-known motion illusions: direction repulsion and the direction after-effect (DAE). Both result in inaccurate perception of direction when a moving pattern is either superimposed on (direction repulsion), or presented following adaptation to (DAE), another pattern moving in a different direction. Remarkable similarities in tuning characteristics suggest that common processes underlie the two illusions. What is not clear, howeve

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Hecht, Heiko, Stefanie Siebrand, and Sven Thönes. "Quantifying the Wollaston Illusion." Perception 49, no. 5 (2020): 588–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006620915421.

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In the early 19th century, William H. Wollaston impressed the Royal Society of London with engravings of portraits. He manipulated facial features, such as the nose, and thereby dramatically changed the perceived gaze direction, although the eye region with iris and eye socket had remained unaltered. This Wollaston illusion has been replicated numerous times but never with the original stimuli. We took the eyes (pupil and iris) from Wollaston’s most prominent engraving and measured their perceived gaze direction in an analog fashion. We then systematically added facial features (eye socket, ey

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Soechting, John F., Kevin C. Engel, and Martha Flanders. "The Duncker Illusion and Eye–Hand Coordination." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 2 (2001): 843–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.2.843.

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A moving background alters the perceived direction of target motion (the Duncker illusion). To test whether this illusion also affects pointing movements to remembered/extrapolated target locations, we constructed a display in which a target moved in a straight line and disappeared behind a band of moving random dots. Subjects were required to touch the spot where the target would emerge from the occlusion. The four directions of random-dot motion induced pointing errors that were predictable from the Duncker illusion. Because it has been previously established that saccadic direction is influ

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Mattler, Uwe, Maximilian Stein, and Robert Fendrich. "The Ring Rotation Illusion: Properties and Links of a Novel Illusion of Motion." i-Perception 12, no. 3 (2021): 204166952110200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211020019.

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We report a novel visual illusion we call the Ring Rotation Illusion (RRI). When a ring of stationary points replaces a circular outline, the ring of points appears to rotate to a halt, although no actual motion has been displayed. Three experiments evaluate the clarity of the illusory rotation. Clarity decreased as the diameter of the circle and ring increased and increased as the number of points forming the ring increased. The optimal interstimulus interval (ISI) between the circle and ring was 90 ms when stimulus presentations lasted 100 ms but 0 ms with 500 ms presentations. We compare th

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Money, K. E., B. S. Cheung, and N. M. Kirienko. "An Illusion of Reversed Direction in Hyperopes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 65, no. 2 (1987): 615–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1987.65.2.615.

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If a subject who is sufficiently farsighted removes his corrective, positive, lenses and looks with one eye from a distance of one or a few meters, at a small lighted area such as the (continuously “on”) indicator light of an electric toothbrush, razor, or smoke detector, and if a small object such as a pin is then moved slowly from above to below the subject's eyes (in a plane close to the eye), the subject will perceive the object moving normally from above to below until it encroaches on his view of the lighted area. The object will then be seen to encroach first on the bottom of the lighte

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Spinelli, Donatella, Gabriella Antonucci, Maria Luisa Martelli, and Pierluigi Zoccolotti. "Large Errors in the Perception of Verticality are Generated by Luminance Borders (Integrated across Space) Not by Subjective Borders." Perception 30, no. 2 (2001): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3070.

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The rod-and-frame illusion shows large errors in the judgment of visual vertical in the dark if the frame is large and there are no other visible cues (Witkin and Asch, 1948 Journal of Experimental Psychology38 762–782). Three experiments were performed to investigate other characteristics of the frame critical for generating these large errors. In the first experiment, the illusion produced by an 11° tilted frame made by luminance borders (standard condition) was considerably larger than that produced by a subjective-contour frame. In the second experiment, with a 33° frame tilt, the illusion

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Hill, Harold, and Vicki Bruce. "Independent Effects of Lighting, Orientation, and Stereopsis on the Hollow-Face Illusion." Perception 22, no. 8 (1993): 887–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p220887.

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Three experiments were conducted to investigate factors contributing to the ‘hollow face’ illusion. A novel method was employed in which the distance from the mask at which the illusion became apparent or disappeared, when retreating or approaching, respectively, was taken as a measure of the strength of the illusion. In all the experiments an effect of direction of observer's movement was found, demonstrating the stability of the initial percept. Upright orientations were compared with inverted ones to investigate if the illusion reflects a bias towards a familiar percept. The direction of li

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Mather, George, and Rob Lee. "Turbine Blade Illusion." i-Perception 8, no. 3 (2017): 204166951771003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517710031.

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In January 2017, a large wind turbine blade was installed temporarily in a city square as a public artwork. At first sight, media photographs of the installation appeared to be fakes – the blade looks like it could not really be part of the scene. Close inspection of the object shows that its paradoxical visual appearance can be attributed to unconscious assumptions about object shape and light source direction.

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Gavilán, José M., Daniel Rivera, Marc Guasch, Josep Demestre, and José E. García-Albea. "Exploring the Effects of Visual Frame and Matching Direction on the Vertical-Horizontal Illusion." Perception 46, no. 12 (2017): 1339–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006617724979.

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The work presented here uses an adjustment method to test the vertical-horizontal illusion across four different configurations: a cross-shape, an L-shape, an inverted-T and a rotated-T. We examine the modulatory role of the variables visual frame and direction of the adjustment on the illusory effect. Two experiments were performed, one with rectangular and one with curvilinear visual frames. Our data show that in both experiments, the size of the expected illusion increases from the cross-shape to the L-shape and from the L-shape to the inverted-T, where it reaches its maximum. In the rotate

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Schölkopf, Bernhard. "The Moon Tilt Illusion." Perception 27, no. 10 (1998): 1229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p271229.

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Besides the familiar moon illusion [eg Hershenson, 1989 The Moon Illusion (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates)], wherein the moon appears bigger when it is close to the horizon, there is a less known illusion which causes the moon's illuminated side to appear turned away from the direction of the sun. An experiment documenting the effect is described, and a possible explanation is put forward.

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Ninio, Jacques, and J. Kevin O'Regan. "The Half-Zöllner Illusion." Perception 25, no. 1 (1996): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250077.

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The Zöllner figure contains stacks of short parallel segments oriented obliquely to the direction of the stack. Adjacent parallel stacks of opposite polarity seem to diverge where their top segments form an arrowhead. To probe whether or not the opposite polarities are necessary to the illusion, three ‘half-Zöllner’ configurations were designed, containing stacks of a single polarity. The ‘orientation profile’ of these configurations was studied, that is, the way the strength of the perceived illusion varies with the orientation of the stacks. The subjects had to align two stacks or align stac

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Wertheim, Alexander H. "Retinal and Extraretinal Information in Movement Perception: How to Invert the Filehne Illusion." Perception 16, no. 3 (1987): 299–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160299.

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During a pursuit eye movement made in darkness across a small stationary stimulus, the stimulus is perceived as moving in the opposite direction to the eyes. This so-called Filehne illusion is usually explained by assuming that during pursuit eye movements the extraretinal signal (which informs the visual system about eye velocity so that retinal image motion can be interpreted) falls short. A study is reported in which the concept of an extraretinal signal is replaced by the concept of a reference signal, which serves to inform the visual system about the velocity of the retinae in space. Ref

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Li, Yannan. "Reduce AI Illusion Based on Data Science Technology and Prompt Engineering." Applied and Computational Engineering 97, no. 1 (2024): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/97/20241463.

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Abstract. Since the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) systems such as ChatGPT, artificial intelligence has been widely used with its advantages of low cost and efficiency, but it has also brought negative effects such as academic plagiarism and fake news, especially the "AI illusion". Data science improves the performance of large language models and reduces the generation of error information through cleaning, preprocessing, and data enhancement techniques. The research direction of this paper starts from the data level and the algorithm level. At the data level, this paper discusses dat

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Hecht, Heiko, Ariane Wilhelm, and Christoph von Castell. "Inverting the Wollaston Illusion: Gaze Direction Attracts Perceived Head Orientation." i-Perception 12, no. 5 (2021): 204166952110469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20416695211046975.

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In the early 19th century, William H. Wollaston impressed the Royal Society of London with engravings of portraits. He manipulated facial features, such as the nose, and thereby dramatically changed the perceived gaze direction, although the eye region with iris and eye socket had remained unaltered. This Wollaston illusion can be thought of as head orientation attracting perceived gaze direction when the eye region is unchanged. In naturalistic viewing, the eye region changes with head orientation and typically produces a repulsion effect. Here we explore if there is a flip side to the illusi

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Post, Robert B. "Induced Motion Considered as a Visually Induced Oculogyral Illusion." Perception 15, no. 2 (1986): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p150131.

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The possibility that nystagmus suppression contributes to illusory motion was investigated by measuring perceived motion of a stationary stimulus following the removal of an optokinetic stimulus. This was done because optokinetic nystagmus typically outlasts cessation of an optokinetic stimulus. Therefore, it would be expected that a stationary fixated stimulus should appear to move after removal of an optokinetic stimulus if illusory motion results from nystagmus suppression. Illusory motion was reported for a stationary fixation target following optokinetic stimulation. This motion was repor

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Agrochao, Margarida, Ryosuke Tanaka, Emilio Salazar-Gatzimas, and Damon A. Clark. "Mechanism for analogous illusory motion perception in flies and humans." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 37 (2020): 23044–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2002937117.

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Visual motion detection is one of the most important computations performed by visual circuits. Yet, we perceive vivid illusory motion in stationary, periodic luminance gradients that contain no true motion. This illusion is shared by diverse vertebrate species, but theories proposed to explain this illusion have remained difficult to test. Here, we demonstrate that in the fruit fly Drosophila, the illusory motion percept is generated by unbalanced contributions of direction-selective neurons’ responses to stationary edges. First, we found that flies, like humans, perceive sustained motion in

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Bach, Michael, and Lea Atala-Gérard. "The Rotating Snakes Illusion Is a Straightforward Consequence of Nonlinearity in Arrays of Standard Motion Detectors." i-Perception 11, no. 5 (2020): 204166952095802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669520958025.

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The Rotating Snakes illusion is a motion illusion based on repeating, asymmetric luminance patterns. Recently, we found certain gray-value conditions where a weak illusory motion occurs in the opposite direction. Of the four models for explaining the illusion, one also explains the unexpected perceived opposite direction.We here present a simple new model, without free parameters, based on an array of standard correlation-type motion detectors with a subsequent nonlinearity (e.g., saturation) before summing the detector outputs. The model predicts (a) the pattern-appearance motion illusion for

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Nijhawan, Romi. "‘Reversed’ Illusion with Three-Dimensional Müller-Lyer Shapes." Perception 24, no. 11 (1995): 1281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p241281.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Müller-Lyer illusion is produced by a mechanism which uses information defined in the retinal coordinates, or by a mechanism taking into account the three-dimensional (3-D) shape of the illusion figure. The classical Müller-Lyer figure could not be used to address this question since it is two-dimensional. Three-dimensional Müller-Lyer figures were created to see if the illusion they produce is correlated with the shape of the projected retinal image, or with the shape of these figures defined in a 3-D coordinate frame. In the experiments

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Wenderoth, Peter, Syren Johnstone, and Rick Van der Zwan. "Two-Dimensional Tilt Illusions Induced by Orthogonal Plaid Patterns: Effects of Plaid Motion, Orientation, Spatial Separation, and Spatial Frequency." Perception 18, no. 1 (1989): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180025.

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Tilt illusions occur when a drifting vertical test grating is surrounded by a drifting plaid pattern composed of orthogonal moving gratings. The angular function of this illusion was measured as the plaid orientation (and therefore its drift direction) varied over a 180° range, This was done when the test and inducing stimuli abutted and had the same spatial frequency, and when the test and inducing stimuli either differed in frequency by an octave, or were spatially separated by a 2 deg blank annulus, or both differed in frequency and were also separated by the annulus (experiments 1–4). The

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Farrell-Whelan, Max, Peter Wenderoth, and Kevin R. Brooks. "The Hierarchical Order of Processes Underlying the Direction Illusion and the Direction Aftereffect." Perception 41, no. 4 (2012): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6961.

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Bressan, Paola, and Stefano Vezzani. "A New Motion Illusion Related to the Aperture Problem." Perception 24, no. 10 (1995): 1165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p241165.

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A previously unreported motion illusion is described. Oblique lines that drift smoothly on the retina in a vertical direction appear to be displaced laterally. The effect occurs both for moving lines under fixation and for stationary lines under ocular tracking of an external target. Orientation, length, and homogeneity of the obliques affect the magnitude of illusory displacement. We propose that this illusion is associated with a misregistration of the direction of displacement occurring, in lines slanted relative to the axis of their motion, because of the aperture problem.

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Smith, C., and B. Lee. "The MacKay Phenomenon: Is it All Hand-Waving?" Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970340.

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When a table-tennis bat with a light-bulb in its centre is waved about by another person in a stroboscopically lit room, the light appears to float free from the bat, although it is physically fixed. A related phenomenon was reported originally by MacKay [1958 Nature (London)180 507 – 508)]. This illusion disappears in an active condition, where observers move the bat with their own hands, which suggests a proprioceptive basis for the illusion. In our implementation with a Power Macintosh computer, the illusion occurred in both conditions. Thus ‘hand-waving’ is not inherent to the illusion but

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Lauzier, Lydiane, Jacques Abboud, François Nougarou, and Louis-David Beaulieu. "Kinesthetic illusions induced by muscle tendon vibration: The orientation of the vibration motor as a new methodological factor?" PLOS One 20, no. 6 (2025): e0325737. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325737.

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Purpose/aim To investigate the impact of changing the rotational orientation of the vibrating motor on kinesthestic illusions. Materials and methods Twenty healthy individuals received vibration over the wrist flexor muscles of dominant and non-dominant sides (80 Hz, 1 mm, 10 seconds) using four conditions (3 trials/conditions) defined by the rotational direction of the vibrator’s eccentric rotating mass according to the anatomical position: (1) proximodistal, (2) distoproximal, (3) mediolateral and (4) lateromedial. Non-parametric statistical analyses were used to compare illusion characteris

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Atala-Gérard, Lea, and Michael Bach. "Rotating Snakes Illusion—Quantitative Analysis Reveals a Region in Luminance Space With Opposite Illusory Rotation." i-Perception 8, no. 1 (2017): 204166951769177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669517691779.

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The Rotating Snakes Illusion employs patterns with repetitive asymmetric luminance steps forming a “snake wheel.” In the underlying luminance sequence {black, dark grey, white, light grey}, coded as {0, g1, 100, g2}, we varied g1 and g2 and measured illusion strength via nulling: Saccades were performed next to a “snake wheel” that rotated physically; observers adjusted rotation until a stationary percept obtained. Observers performed the perceptual nulling of the seeming rotation reliably. Typical settings for (g1, g2), measured from images by Kitaoka, are around (20%, 60%). Indeed, we found

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Guidi, Stefano, Oronzo Parlangeli, Sandro Bettella, and Sergio Roncato. "Features of the Selectivity for Contrast Polarity in Contour Integration Revealed by a Novel Tilt Illusion." Perception 40, no. 11 (2011): 1357–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p6897.

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We studied a novel illusion of tilt inside checkerboards due to the role of contrast polarity in contour integration. The preference for binding of oriented contours having same contrast polarity, over binding of opposite polarity ones (CP rule), has been used to explain several visual illusions. In three experiments we investigated how the binding effect is influenced by luminance contrast value, relatability of contour elements, and distance among them. Experiment 1 showed that the effect was indeed present only when the CP rule was satisfied, and found it to be stronger when the luminance c

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Hershberger, Wayne A., and J. Scott Jordan. "The Phantom Array: A Perisaccadic Illusion of Visual Direction." Psychological Record 48, no. 1 (1998): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03395256.

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Post, Robert B., and Robert B. Welch. "Is There Dissociation of Perceptual and Motor Responses to Figural Illusions?" Perception 25, no. 5 (1996): 569–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p250569.

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Open-loop reaching for locations within figural illusions was measured in three experiments. The experiments differed with respect to whether subjects were provided a visible target toward which to direct their reaching or were required to form a mental representation of the intended target. In the first experiment, subjects' reaching errors for vertices of a Müller-Lyer figure were similar to those for a nonillusory control stimulus. In experiment 2, subjects' errors while reaching to the imaginary bisector of the Judd illusion were consistent with the presence of an illusion of bisector loca

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Mojon, D., W. Zhang, M. Oetliker, and H. Oetliker. "Psychophysical determination of visual processing time by comparing depth seen in Pulfrich and Mach-Dvorak illusions." Advances in Physiology Education 267, no. 6 (1994): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advances.1994.267.6.s54.

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A practical course for preclinical medical students was developed to illustrate aspects of binocular vision and mechanisms of primary visual transduction. It is based on a graphic analysis of two optical illusions, the Pulfrich and the Mach-Dvorak phenomena. A pendulum swinging in a plane perpendicular to the direction of observation appears to follow an elliptical path when viewed binocularly with a filter in front of one eye (Pulfrich illusion) or with alternating occlusion of the right and left eye above a critical frequency (Mach-Dvorak illusion). The Pulfrich phenomenon permits us to dete

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Ehrenstein, W. H. "A Visual-Field Anisotropy of the Filehne Illusion." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970369.

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During pursuit eye movements stationary objects are perceived to move in the direction opposite to the ocular pursuit (the Filehne illusion). The strength of this illusion, which indicates a loss of position constancy, was quantified by a cancellation method. Subjects pursued a small target that moved horizontally at 6 deg s−1 over 18 deg. When the target reached the midpoint of its trajectory, a test spot was exposed for 200 ms, either 0.5 or 1 deg above or below the target. Subjects reported the direction in which the test spot appeared to move. Test-spot speed was varied according to subjec

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Houben, Mark M. J., Ivo V. Stuldreher, Patrick A. Forbes, and Eric L. Groen. "Using Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation to Induce Post-Roll Illusion in a Fixed-Base Flight Simulator." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 95, no. 2 (2024): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6325.2024.

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INTRODUCTION: The illusions of head motion induced by galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) can be used to compromise flight performance of pilots in fixed-base simulators. However, the stimuli used in the majority of studies fail to mimic disorientation in realistic flight because they are independent from the simulated aircraft motion. This study investigated the potential of bilateral-bipolar GVS coupled to aircraft roll in a fixed-base simulator to mimic vestibular spatial disorientation illusions, specifically the “post-roll illusion” observed during flight.METHODS: There were 14 nonpilot

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Cook, Norman D., Takefumi Hayashi, Toshihiko Amemiya, Kimihiro Suzuki, and Lorenz Leumann. "Effects of Visual-Field Inversions on the Reverse-Perspective Illusion." Perception 31, no. 9 (2002): 1147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3336.

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The ‘reverse-perspective’ illusion entails the apparent motion of a stationary scene painted in relief and containing misleading depth cues. We have found that, using prism goggles to induce horizontal or vertical visual-field reversals, the illusory motion is greatly reduced or eliminated in the direction for which the goggles reverse the visual field. We argue that the illusion is a consequence of the observer's inability to reconcile changes in visual information due to body movement with implicit knowledge concerning anticipated changes. As such, the reverse-perspective illusion may prove

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Power, Roderick P. "Motion Aftereffects of Wagon Wheels: Motion Aftereffects Follow Apparent Rather Than Real Movement." Perceptual and Motor Skills 79, no. 1 (1994): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1994.79.1.131.

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Power and Moulden have proposed a model which accounts for the movement of gratings in apertures including the barber pole illusion. It predicts the direction of motion aftereffects which follow from perceived veridical motion and the direction of these aftereffects which follow from the illusory movement experienced during the barber pole illusion. At a perceptual level, the model predicts motion aftereffects will follow direction of apparent movement rather than veridical direction. Four experiments tested this prediction. In Exp. 1 a spiral was viewed under flickering light so it appeared t

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Wiese, Mark, and Peter Wenderoth. "The different mechanisms of the motion direction illusion and aftereffect." Vision Research 47, no. 14 (2007): 1963–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2007.04.010.

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Kawabe, Takahiro, and Kayo Miura. "New Motion Illusion Caused by Pictorial Motion Lines." Experimental Psychology 55, no. 4 (2008): 228–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1618-3169.55.4.228.

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Motion lines (MLs) are a pictorial technique used to represent object movement in a still picture. This study explored how MLs contribute to motion perception. In Experiment 1, we reported the creation of a motion illusion caused by MLs: random displacements of objects with MLs on each frame were perceived as unidirectional global motion along the pictorial motion direction implied by MLs. In Experiment 2, we showed that the illusory global motion in the peripheral visual field captured the perceived motion direction of random displacement of objects without MLs in the central visual field, an

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Tanabe, Takeshi, Hiroshi Endo, and Shuichi Ino. "Effects of Asymmetric Vibration Frequency on Pulling Illusions." Sensors 20, no. 24 (2020): 7086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247086.

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It is known that humans experience a haptic illusion, such as the sensation of being pulled in a particular direction, when asymmetric vibrations are presented. A pulling illusion has been used to provide a force feedback for a virtual reality (VR) system and a pedestrian navigation system, and the asymmetric vibrations can be implemented in any small non-grounded device. However, the design methodology of asymmetric vibration stimuli to induce the pulling illusion has not been fully demonstrated. Although the frequency of the asymmetric vibration is important, findings on the frequency have n

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Subramaniyan, Manivannan, Alexander S. Ecker, Saumil S. Patel, et al. "Faster processing of moving compared with flashed bars in awake macaque V1 provides a neural correlate of the flash lag illusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 120, no. 5 (2018): 2430–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00792.2017.

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When the brain has determined the position of a moving object, because of anatomical and processing delays the object will have already moved to a new location. Given the statistical regularities present in natural motion, the brain may have acquired compensatory mechanisms to minimize the mismatch between the perceived and real positions of moving objects. A well-known visual illusion—the flash lag effect—points toward such a possibility. Although many psychophysical models have been suggested to explain this illusion, their predictions have not been tested at the neural level, particularly i

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Haffenden, Angela M., and Melvyn A. Goodale. "The Effect of Pictorial Illusion on Prehension and Perception." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (1998): 122–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/089892998563824.

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The present study examined the effect of a size-contrast illusion (Ebbinghaus or Titchener Circles Illusion) on visual perception and the visual control of grasping movements. Seventeen right-handed participants picked up and, on other trials, estimated the size of fipoker-chipfl disks, which functioned as the target circles in a three-dimensional version of the illusion. In the estimation condition, subjects indicated how big they thought the target was by separating their thumb and forefinger to match the target's size. After initial viewing, no visual feedback from the hand or the target wa

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DiZio, P., C. E. Lathan, and J. R. Lackner. "The role of brachial muscle spindle signals in assignment of visual direction." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 4 (1993): 1578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.4.1578.

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1. In the oculobrachial illusion, a target light attached to the unseen stationary hand is perceived as moving and changing spatial position when illusory motion of the forearm is elicited by brachial muscle vibration. Our goal was to see whether we could induce apparent motion and displacement of two retinally fixed targets in opposite directions by the use of oculobrachial illusions. 2. We vibrated both biceps brachii, generating illusory movements of the two forearms in opposite directions, and measured any associated changes in perceived distance between target lights on the unseen station

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Lebedev, Mikhail A., Diana K. Douglass, Sohie Lee Moody, and Steven P. Wise. "Prefrontal Cortex Neurons Reflecting Reports of a Visual Illusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 4 (2001): 1395–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.4.1395.

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When a small, focally attended visual stimulus and a larger background frame shift location at the same time, the frame's new location can affect spatial perception. For horizontal displacements on the order of 1–2°, when the frame moves more than the attended stimulus, human subjects may perceive that the attended stimulus has shifted to the right or left when it has not done so. However, that misapprehension does not disable accurate eye movements to the same stimulus. We trained a rhesus monkey to report the direction that an attended stimulus had shifted by making an eye movement to one of

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Freeman, Tom C. A., and Jane H. Sumnall. "Motion versus Position in the Perception of Head-Centred Movement." Perception 31, no. 5 (2002): 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p3256.

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Observers can recover motion with respect to the head during an eye movement by comparing signals encoding retinal motion and the velocity of pursuit. Evidently there is a mismatch between these signals because perceived head-centred motion is not always veridical. One example is the Filehne illusion, in which a stationary object appears to move in the opposite direction to pursuit. Like the motion aftereffect, the phenomenal experience of the Filehne illusion is one in which the stimulus moves but does not seem to go anywhere. This raises problems when measuring the illusion by motion nulling

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Shadlen, M., and T. Carney. "Mechanisms of human motion perception revealed by a new cyclopean illusion." Science 232, no. 4746 (1986): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.3952502.

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A new cyclopean illusion of motion may bear on neural mechanisms of direction selectivity. Stationary flickering patterns were presented to each eye, and the resulting fused pattern was perceived to be moving. To determine direction of motion, the visual system seems to integrate image components differing by 90 degrees in spatial and temporal phase. On the other hand, image speed seems to be derived from displacement of features over time. A model of neural direction selectivity is discussed in light of these results.

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