Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Directional well'

Дисертація присвячена удосконаленню технології і конструкцій КНБК для буріння похило-скерованих і горизонтальних стовбурів з великими зенітними кутами в нестійких породах нафтогазових родовищ ДЦз та шельфу Чорного моря. В результаті аналітичних, експериментальних і промислових досліджень встановлено наявність значень критичного кута з точки зору втрати стійкості стінок похило-скерованих свердловин у процесі буріння в нестійких породах, визначено діапазон граничних значень інтенсивності викривлення у вказаних породах. Отримано аналітичну залежність передачі осьового навантаження на долото від значення зенітного кута та інтенсивності викривлення свердловини. Розроблено і виготовлено ексцентричні протиприхоплюючі перехідники, що становлять основу компоновки низу бурильної колони, яка запобігає прилипанню бурильних труб до нижньої стінки свердловини і забезпечує доведення осьового навантаження до долота. Удосконалено технологію буріння похило-скерованих і горизонтальних свердловин в нестійких породах. Вказана технологія випробувана і широко впроваджена у процесі буріння похило-скерованих і горизонтальних свердловин на родовищах ДДз та шельфі Чорного моря.
The thesis deals with the improvement of technology and bottom-hole assembly designs for drilling directional and horizontal boreholes with large inclination angles in unstable rocks of oil and gas fields of the Dnipro-Donetsk depression and Black Sea offshore zone. The main thesis issues are published in 19 academic papers. As a result of analytical, experimental and industrial researches the critical angle values in terms of directional wellbore walls stability loss in the process of drilling in unstable rocks were determined and, under the same conditions, the deviation intensity limit value scope in those rocks was measured. The analytical dependence of bit thrust load transmission on the value of inclination angle and well deviation intensity was detected. Eccentric antitack reducers that are the basis of bottom-hole assembly which prevents drill pipes sticking to the bottom wellbore wall and provides thrust load transmission to the bit were developed and produced . These results contributed to the improvement of directional and horizontal wells drilling technology in unstable rocks. The technology was tested and introduced on a large scale for drilling directional and horizontal wells of the Dnipro-Donetsk depression and Black Sea offshore zone.

Directional and horizontal drilling operations are increasingly conducted in all over the world, especially parallel to the growth of the technological developments in the industry. Common application fields for directional and horizontal drilling are in offshore and onshore when there is no way of drilling vertical wells. During directional and horizontal well drilling, many additional challenges occur when compared with vertical well drilling, such as limited weight on bit, harder hole cleaning, trajectory control, etc. This makes even harder to select the proper drilling parameters for increasing the rate of penetration. This study aims to propose a rate of penetration model considering many drilling parameters and conditions. The proposed model is a modified Bourgoyne &
Young&rsquo
s model which considers formation compaction, formation pressure, equivalent circulating density, and effective weight on bit, rotation of the bit, bit wear, hole cleaning, inclination, fluid loss properties and bit hydraulics. Also, a bit wear model is developed for roller cones and PDCs. The model performance is tested using field data obtained from several directional and horizontal offshore wells drilled at Persian Gulf. It is observed that the model can estimate rate of penetration with an error of ±
25 % when compared with the field data.

This thesis is divided into two parts, each consisting of two self-contained chapters. The first part provides new findings in the economics of personality, and well-being. Chapter 1 studies the implications of ‘personality mismatch’. Mismatch in labour economics has generally been treated as a ‘black box’. Therefore, the well-being impact on a poorly matched worker is not well understood. I find that workers whose personalities are more poorly matched to the requirements of their job have substantially lower levels of life satisfaction, and a lower wage. Chapter 2 is the first study that attempts to uncover the determinants of well-being prioritisation. There is no consistent evidence of variation in priorities over the life cycle. Life satisfaction is the most valued aspect of well-being throughout life, yet people overestimate the relative value placed by others on happiness. Well-being prioritisation is strongly influenced by well-being levels and by individual fixed effects such as personality, health level, and smoking frequency. The second part of this thesis explores two novel ideas previously unconsidered. It represents a first attempt at providing some insight to these issues. Chapter 3 develops a model describing how consumers might adjust for a potential bias in extreme online review scores. A randomised experiment finds that individuals do not seem to be making such adjustments. Hence, there are negative implications for consumer welfare from false or biased extreme reviews. Finally, Chapter 4 is an ambitious investigation into how personality characteristics of workers within an economy may influence the composition of its industrial output. Big Five personality factors are predictive of future industry change, but further work needs to be done to verify this. This work highlights the relevance of personality data in the analysis of long-standing economic issues.

Дисертацію присвячено розробці породоруйнівних інструментів різальної дії, оснащених полікристалічними алмазними різцями, для буріння вибійними двигунами похило-скерованих та горизонтальних свердловин. Основні положення дисертації опубліковані 13 наукових працях. В результаті аналітичних і промислових досліджень визначено, що для покращення техніко-економічних показників будівництва похило-скерованих та горизонтальних нафтогазових свердловин з використанням вибійних двигунів, необхідне створення породоруйнівних інструментів різальної дії пониженої енергоємності буріння. На основі теоретичних і експериментальних досліджень бурових доліт різальної дії встановлені залежності енергетичних параметрів їх роботи від форми профілю та кількості лопатей, які дозволяють запропонувати найбільш раціональні конструкції робочої частини породоруйнівних інструментів для заданих умов буріння похило-скерованих та горизонтальних свердловин. Розроблено математичну модель і експериментально визначено емпіричні коефіцієнти для розрахунків прогнозних енергетичних параметрів роботи породоруйнівних інструментів різальної дії з різними формами робочої частини. Успішно випробувано й впроваджено при будівництві вибійними двигунами похило-скерованих та горизонтальних свердловин дві конструкції бурових доліт і чотири конструкції бурильних головок з запропонованим для заданих умов буріння найменш енергоємним профілем різальної частини.
Диссертация посвящена разработке породоразрушающих инструментов режущего действия, оснащенных поликристаллическими алмазными резцами, для бурения забойными двигателями наклонно-направленных и горизонтальных скважин. Основные положения диссертации опубликованы в 13 научных работах. В результате аналитических и промысловых исследований определено, что для улучшения технико-экономических показателей строительства наклонно-направленных и горизонтальных скважин с использованием забойных двигателей, необходимо создание породоразрушающих инструментов режущего действия пониженной энергоемкости бурения. Не смотря на то, что технико-экономические показатели работы породоразрушающих инструментов, оснащенных ПАР, превышают показатели шарошечных конструкций, сфера применения долот режущего действия в направленном бурении ограничена из-за осложнений, которые возникают при их использовании с забойными двигателями и попытках оперативного управления траекторией скважины. Связаны они с повышенным рабочим крутящим моментом, который резко изменяется в широком диапазоне даже при незначительных колебаниях осевой нагрузки при бурении чередующихся по прочности горных пород. Это приводит к проворачиванию забойного двигателя, или его остановке, что делает невозможным текущее управление траекторией бурения и существенным образом снижает технико-экономические показатели проходки. Поэтому, на момент постановки данных исследований, в направленном бурении традиционными технико-технологическими средствами большинство работ, которые связаны с набором угла, исправлениями траектории скважины, проведением наклонных и горизонтальных стволов, осуществляются с использованием шарошечных долот. Теоретически исследовано конструкции режущей части долота с пониженной энергоемкостью разрушения горных пород. Разработаны технические средства и методика проведения экспериментов. Проведены экспериментальные стендовые исследования долот с разными формами лопастей: плоской, обратно-конусной, эллиптической и круглоступенчатой. Определение показателей работы долот с исследуемыми профилями режущей части проводили в два этапа: на первом использовали в качестве забоя мрамор «коелга», на втором -цементные блоки. При проведении экспериментов осуществляли ступенчатое изменение параметров режима бурения, величины которых составляли: осевая нагрузка - 15; 20; 25; 30 кН; угловая скорость вращения долота - 1; 2; 3; 4 с-1. На основе теоретических и экспериментальных исследований буровых долот режущего действия установлены зависимости энергетических параметров их работы от формы профиля и количества лопастей, которые позволили предложить наиболее рациональные конструкции рабочей части породоразрушающих инструментов для заданных условий бурения наклоннонаправленных и горизонтальных скважин. Предложено круглоступенчатую форму профиля режущей части долота, в которой с целью уменьшения энергоемкости работы расстояние от оси вращения инструмента до точек соединения криволинейных сегментов меньше их наибольших радиусов. Соответствующая конструкция долота защищена авторским свидетельством на изобретение №1783108, а ее эффективность подтверждена экспериментальными и промысловыми исследованиями. Экспериментальными исследованиями установлено, что изменение количества лопастей незначительно влияет на энергоемкость работы породоразрушающих инструментов режущего действия. Следовательно, для бурения горных пород разной твердости целесообразно разрабатывать долота с числом лопастей, которое определяется фактором необходимой износостойкости. Разработана математическая модель и экспериментально определены эмпирические коэффициенты для расчетов прогнозных энергетических параметров работы породоразрушающих инструментов режущего действия с различными формами рабочей части. Предложена форма рабочей поверхности бурового долота, в которой для уменьшения энергоемкости бурения режущая часть выполнена в виде криволинейных сегментов, которые у соседних лопастей расположены на разных расстояниях от торца, и обратных клиньев с вершинами на оси вращения инструмента. Указанная форма долота защищена патентами Украины №3846 и Российской Федерации №42571. Изготовление опытных образцов и партий породоразрушающих инструментов с пониженной энергоемкостью бурения (четырех конструкций буровых долот и пяти - бурильных головок) организованно и осуществлено на Экспериментальном заводе Института сверхтвердых материалов им. В.М. Бакуля НАН Украины. Промысловые испытания и внедрение разработанных породоразрушающих инструментов осуществляли на нефтегазовых месторождениях ОАО «Укрнефть» и ОАО «Татнефть». Успешно испытано и внедрено при строительстве наклонно-направленных и горизонтальных скважин две конструкции буровых долот и четыре конструкции бурильных головок с предложенной для заданных условий бурения наименее энергоемкой формой режущей части.
The dissertation is devoted to development of PDC (polyciystalline diamond compact) bits for drilling of directional and horizontal wells. There are 13 scientific works, which contain main results of researches. Analytical researches and field tests indicate a necessity of PDC bit designs for overall economics improvement of drilling directional and horizontal wells with a downhole motor application. Development of the fixed cutter bit designs with low energy consumption is necessary. On the basis of theoretical and experimental researches are found the relations between drilling energy parameters and fixed cutter bit designs (profile and quantity of blades). That helps to design PDC bits for drilling directional and horizontal wells pursuant to given conditions. The mathematical model for energy parameter calculations of a PDC bit activity is improved. Experimentally trial-and-error factors for different form of PDC bits are determined. Two PDC bit designs and four core bit designs with low energy consumption at drilling by downhole motors of directional and horizontal wells were successfully tested and introduced.

Дисертація присвячена підвищенню надійності роботи обсадних колон у похило-скерованих свердловинах завдяки врахуванню впливу згину на овальність обсадних труб та на величину зовнішнього критичного тиску. Проаналізовано чинники, що впливають на надійність роботи обсадних колон при кріпленні похило-скерованих свердловин, та виконано огляд методів розв’язання зазначеної проблеми. Уточнено класифікацію причин неякісного кріплення похило-скерованих свердловин. Проведено теоретичні дослідження впливу згину обсадної колони на овальність і міцність обсадних труб при дії зовнішнього надлишкового тиску. Для оцінки напруженого стану обсадних труб і форми їх поперечного перерізу при згині виконано експериментальні дослідження, якими підтверджено результати теоретичних досліджень впливу згину труб на форму їх поперечного перерізу і необхідність удосконалення методики розрахунку обсадних колон для кріплення похило-скерованих свердловин. Удосконалено методику розрахунку обсадних колон на міцність при кріпленні похило-скерованих свердловин шляхом уведення поправочного коефіцієнта до величини зовнішнього критичного тиску залежно від інтенсивності викривлення, товщини стінки, діаметра труб і групи міцності сталі. Розроблено рекомендації з підвищення надійності роботи обсадних колон для кріплення похило-скерованих свердловин, що грунтуються на удосконаленій методиці їх розрахунку залежно від інтенсивності викривлення свердловини.
Диссертация посвящена повышению надежности работы обсадных колонн в наклонно-направленных скважинах благодаря учету влияния изгиба на овальность обсадных труб и их сопротивляемость наружному избыточному давлению. Проанализированы факторы, влияющие на надежность работы обсадных колонн при креплении наклонно-направленных скважин и сделан обзор методов решения указанной проблемы. Усовершенствована классификация причин некачественного крепления наклонно-направленных скважин, согласно которой они объединены в две группы: - факторы, приводящие к повреждению обсадных колонн; - факторы, обуславливающие недопуск обсадных колонн до проектной глубины и их смещение в месте стыковки секций. Проведены теоретические исследования влияния изгиба обсадной колонны на овальность и прочность обсадных труб при действии наружного избыточного давления. Показано, что с увеличением кривизны обсадной колонны овальность поперечного сечения труб увеличивается. Например, для 146-мм обсадных труб с начальной овальностью 1 % при интенсивности искривления (2÷З) градуса на 10 м, овальность поперечного сечения обсадных труб увеличивается на (0,1÷0,3) %, а при интенсивности искривления (6÷7) градусов на 10 м - на (0,6÷0,8) %. Расчетами установлено, что величина наружного критического давления уменьшается с увеличением интенсивности искривления скважины. Для 146-мм обсадных труб с начальной овальностью 1 % при интенсивности искривления (2÷3) градуса на 10 м, величина наружного критического давления уменьшается на (5÷10) % по сравнению с величиной критического давления прямолинейных труб, а при интенсивности искривления (6+7) градусов на 10 м - на (20÷25) %. Для оценки напряженного состояния обсадных труб и формы их поперечного сечения при изгибе выполнены экспериментальные исследования, которыми подтверждены результаты теоретических исследований влияния изгиба труб на форму их поперечного сечения и необходимость усовершенствования методики расчета обсадных колонн для крепления наклоннонаправленных скважин. Усовершенствована методика расчета обсадных колонн на прочность при креплении наклонно-направленных скважин путем введения в расчетные зависимости величины допустимого наружного давления, коэффициента снижения сопротивляемости смятию. Разработаны рекомендации по повышению надежности работы обсадных колонн для крепления наклонно-направленных скважин, основанные на усовершенствованной методике их расчета в зависимости от интенсивности искривления скважины. Результаты научных исследований используются в учебном процессе кафедрой бурения нефтяных и газовых скважин ИФНТУНГ при изучении курса «Заканчивание скважин».
Thesis is devoted to the enhancement of operation reliability of casings in directional wells by taking into consideration the curve influence on the out-of-roundness of casing pipes and on the magnitude of ambient critical pressure. The factors have been analyzed that influence on the operation reliability of casing strings during the fixing process of directional wells. There have been observed the methods for solution of the above-mentioned problem. The classification of reasons of low quality casing of directional wells has been specified. Theoretical investigations have been conducted to analyze the influence of casing string curve on the out-of-roundness and durability of casing pipes under the influence of ambient excess pressure. To evaluate the stress state of casing pipes and forms of their cross sections at curve, experimental research has been conducted. The latter has confirmed the results of theoretical investigations devoted to the influence of pipes’ curve on form of their cross sections and necessity to specify the calculation methods of casing strings for fixing of directional wells. The methods have been improved for the calculation of casing as to their reliability during lining of directional wells by the introduction of correction coefficient to the value of external critical pressure depending on the intensity of curve, wall thickness, diameter of pipes and group of steel strength. The recommendations have been developed for the enhancement of operation reliability of casing strings to fix directional wells, which are based on the improved methods of their calculation depending on the degree of well crookedness.

The legacy of South Africa’s history has facilitated unequal access to land and water resources. In the Lower Sundays River Valley (LSRV), a predominantly commercial farming area, differential access to land and water has impacted aspects of ecosystem service access and human well‐being for disenfranchised families over time. Despite the social, political and economic reform efforts in the past two decades, severe inertia towards efforts attempting to increase equitable access to land and water has been experienced. As a result, communities have mobilized and claimed their land from the government through the land restitution process. Based on a mixed‐methods approach, this research explores the ways in which access to land and water over time has influenced current levels of human well‐being among disenfranchised families. Provisioning and cultural ecosystem services were identified as key areas of loss as a result of forced evictions from land. Freedom of choice was a central and cross‐cutting theme regarding the ability to change levels of human well‐being. Although the loss of ecosystem services associated with land and water had an impact on households, the ecosystem services which are regarded as fundamental to human well‐being do not seem to have been lost. The study recommends the wide use of freedom of choice as an indicator for well‐being in the LSRV, as well as a consideration of subjective, objective and psychological measures of well‐being with regards to natural resources and ecosystem services access. Key agents in fostering desirable pathways toward equity and sustainability in the LSRV are identified with stakeholders as private businesses; inclusive governance; empowered and skilled individuals, as well as NGOs.

Don't Frack With Denton chronicles the ground-breaking movement to ban hydraulic fracturing in the city of Denton, Texas by combining observational location shooting with extensive sit-down interviews and carefully negotiated subject-filmmaker relationships to create a safe and comfortable space for thoughtful reflection and criticism of a complex social movement who's activities span several years and many individuals. The result is a long-form documentary that is unapologetically in solidarity with this movement's goals while simultaneously maintaining enough editorial independence and critical distance to allow the activists themselves to honestly evaluate their decision-making, tactics and interpersonal relationships in ways that will provide insight and instruction to similar movements around the country and the world.

Em sistemas com acoplamento spin-órbita (SO) é possível manipular eletricamente o spin do elétron via a aplicação de um campo elétrico.1 Isso permite a potencial aplicação do grau de liberdade de spin (Spintronica) no desenvolvimento de novos dispositivos e tecnologias, como por exemplo na tecnologia da informação (computação quântica).2,3 No entanto, sabe-se que a interação SO causa efeitos indesejáveis, como por exemplo a relaxação e o defasamento de spin.4 Dessa maneira, do ponto de vista de aplicações, torna-se desejável maximizar o tempo de vida do spin. Neste trabalho, investigamos a relaxação de spin dos elétrons de condução em poços quânticos com duas sub-bandas5 crescidos ao longo das direções [001] e [110] via o mecanismo de D\'yakonov-Perel\'.6 Combinando teoria de grupos, o método k.p, a aproximação da função envelope e teoria de perturbação de Löwdin obtemos um Hamiltoniano efetivo para os elétrons da banda de condução na presença das interações SO de Rashba e Dresselhaus. Aqui, diferentemente de alguns trabalhos anteriores,7,8 além de incluir o termo cúbico de Dresselhaus, também levamos em conta as contribuições devido à influência da segunda sub-banda de mais baixa energia do poço. A partir deste Hamiltoniano derivamos expressões para os tempos de relaxação do spin e analisamos como estas novas contribuições (termos do acoplamento com a segunda sub-banda) afetam os tempos de vida dos spins. Comparamos os tempos de relaxação para as direções [001] com os calculados para a direção [110]. Nossos resultados mostram que as contribuições devido à segunda sub-banda são desprezíveis para ambas as direções. Mostramos também que o tempo de relaxação para a direção [110] é mais longo que o da [001], resultado consistente com experimentos9,10 e outros trabalhos teóricos anteriores.7
In systems with spin-orbit (SO) coupling, it is possible to electrically manipulate the electron spin via applied gate voltages.1 This allows for the potential use of the spin degree of freedom (Spintronics) in the development of new devices and technologies, for instance information technology (quantum computing).2,3 It is known however, that the SO interaction leads to the undesired effect of causing spin relaxation and spin dephasing.4 Thus from the point of view of applications, it is desirable to maximize the spin lifetimes. Here, we investigate the spin relaxation of the conduction electrons in quantum wells with two sub-bands5 grown along the [001] and [110] directions via the D\'yakonov-Perel\' mechanism.6 By combining group theory, the k.p method, the envelope function approach and the Löwdin perturbation theory, we obtain an effective Hamiltonian for the conduction electrons in the presence of the Rashba and Dresselhaus SO interactions. Differently from some early works,7,8 in addition to the cubic Dresselhaus term, we also account for the contributions arising from the second lowest sub-band of the well. We derive expressions for the spin relaxation times and analyze how the new contributions (second sub-band terms) affect the spin lifetimes. We compare the relaxation times obtained in the [001] direction with those calculated for the [110] direction. Our results show that the contributions from the second sub-band are negligible for both directions. We also find that the relaxation time in the [110] direction is longer than the one in the [001], a result consistent with experiments9,10 and earlier theoretical works.7

Purpose of engaged task is elaborate a functional mechanism to emergency brake for escalators company Otis. To this purpose is gradually reached up in several phases. In primary phase was taken view on similar products from competitive company and do not get in conflict with patent right, in second phase was needed delimitate working space for brake and exact specification of straining. In next steps the proposal and test phase is blending together. In this moment emergency brake has own shape and first tests are showing the functions, but as well necessity modification of same elements on brake and on escalator.

博士
國立中山大學
光電工程學系研究所
99
In present dissertation, field-driven quantum well (QW) device is proposed to obtain high-speed and high-efficiency all-optical wavelength converter (AOWC). A new type QW material, InGaAsP/InGaAlAs, is employed to improve not only quantum confined Stark effect, but also carrier life time during high electric field excitation. The bandwidth as well as efficiency can be enhanced. Thus, the slow gain recovery mechanism (~100ps) from conventional semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA)-based AOWC can be overcome. The dispersion- and efficient- limited fiber-based AOWC (~10ps) can also be avoided. -3dB frequency bandwidth exceeding 40GHz for both electrical-to-optical and photocurrent response has been observed from InGaAsP/InGaAlAs waveguide of AOWC, leading to above 40GHz bandwidth in optical-to-optical response. A 40 Gb/s measurement setup is finally used for testing eye-diagram and bit-error-ratio in order to verify the data transmission of AOWC. Low power penalty with 0.5 dB comparing with back-to-back system performance is measured, suggesting InGaAsP /InGaAlAs waveguide is applicable to all-optical processing. By exciting short optical pump pulse in such waveguide, as short as 6.4ps probe pulse is observed, breaking through 10ps order in conventional type of QW and thus indicating the plausibility of performing 100Gb/s all optical processing.

碩士
國立成功大學
資源工程學系碩博士班
100
Groundwater well response to earthquake is important to the research of earthquake hydrology. Understanding well sensitivity to earthquake improve the interpretation of measurements. This research develops a procedure for anisotropy analysis of well response to earthquakes. Observation data of DonHer groundwater well in Southern Taiwan were used. Data is with sampling rate of one data per second. Step-like groundwater level change was analyzed for near-field earthquakes. Earthquake data is provided from Central Weather Bureau geophysical database management system. Earthquakes with magnitude greater than 4 occurring in 2006 April, 2006 December, 2007 January, 2009 October to December and 2010 March with epicenters located around DonHer groundwater well within 150 kilometers and depths from 0 kilometer to 30 kilometers were analyzed. Data is with sampling rate of one data per second total of 34 earthquake events were used. Two step analysis was used to analysis the well response to earthquake. Step one constructs the correlation of the local energy to groundwater level. Step two relates source energy to local energy. Well sensitivity to earthquake is defined. Anisotropic analysis is performed to detect the sensitivity direction of the monitoring well. Results show that DonHer groundwater well is sensitive to earthquake in the direction of . Using empirical local energy relation, the effectively detective range in is about 119 kilometers and in is about 65 kilometers. Using the strain energy estimation, DonHer groundwater well is with an effectively detective range in of 117 kilometers and in of 56 kilometers.

During drilling operation, cuttings are produced downhole and must be removed to avoid issues which can lead to Non Productive Time (NPT). Most of stuck pipe and then Bottom-Hole Assembly (BHA) lost events are hole cleaned related. There are many parameters which help determine hole cleaning conditions, but a proper selection of the key parameters will facilitate monitoring hole cleaning conditions and interventions. The aim of Hole Cleaning Monitoring is to keep track of borehole conditions including hole cleaning efficiency and wellbore stability issues during drilling operations. Adequate hole cleaning is the one of the main concerns in the underbalanced drilling operations especially for directional and horizontal wells. This dissertation addresses some hole cleaning fundamentals which will act as the basis for recommendation practice during drilling operations. Understand how parameters such as Flowrate, Rotation per Minute (RPM), Rate of Penetration (ROP) and Mud Weight are useful to improve the hole cleaning performance and how Equivalent Circulate Density (ECD), Torque & Drag (T&D) and Cuttings Volumes coming from downhole help to indicate how clean and stable the well is. For case study, hole cleaning performance or cuttings volume removal monitoring, will be based on real-time measurements of the cuttings volume removal from downhole at certain time, taking into account Flowrate, RPM, ROP and Drilling fluid or Mud properties, and then will be plotted and compared to the volume being drilled expected. ECD monitoring will dictate hole stability conditions and T&D and Cuttings Volume coming from downhole monitoring will dictate how clean the well is. T&D Modeling Software provide theoretical calculated T&D trends which will be plotted and compared to the real-time measurements. It will use the measured hookloads to perform a back-calculation of friction factors along the wellbore.

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has been employed in many situations including cable lines under rivers and rehabilitation of pipelines under buildings and busy traffic. Within the context of a municipal landfill site, a by-product of organic waste (leachate) accumulates within an established landfill. Leachate is a liquid produced from the wastes placed inside landfills and rain that percolates through the wastes and reacts with the products of decomposition. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of employing HDD techniques to extract leachate in the municipal landfill application.

碩士
國立屏東師範學院
教育心理與輔導研究所
88
The main purpose of this study was to explore the social comparison directions and effects of academic performance of elementary school students. 736 students enrolled in the fifth or sixth grade of three schools were sampled from two major cities of southern Taiwan. They were administered a questionnaire that assessed background data, importance attributed to grade, social comparison targets and preferences, self-esteem, self-efficacy of grade improvement, grades of the four major courses in the previous test, grade expectancy for each of the 4 courses for the next test, and well-being. Regression analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of social comparison directions on students'' self-esteem, self-efficacy, grade expectancy, and well-being. The following major findings were obtained: (1) Students tended to choose upward or similar comparison. Downward comparison was the least preferred. (2)Upward and similar comparisons tended to have positive effects on students'' self-esteem, self-efficacy, grade expectancy, and well-being. These effects held even when the past grade was held constant. The downward comparison was even found to have negative impact on students'' well-being.

Directional oil wells provide larger pay-zone (extraction zone) than the conventional vertical wells; they are therefore considered to be more economical means for oil extraction. Customarily, perforated steel pipes, called “liners”, are used to stabilize the wells. However, these liners are sensitive to environmental effects (i.e., combined high temperature and aqueous or acidic media), and are susceptible to stress corrosion. Perforated glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) liners have been suggested as an alternative to the perforated steel liners to increase the service life of these liners, thereby offering overall economic benefits. In general, however, the mechanical properties of composites are weakened when exposed to such environmental parameters for a long period of time; therefore, the durability of GFRP liners is of concern. In addition, application of externally applied loads could also change the free volume fraction of the GFRP’s matrix; hence, negatively affect its absorption process and diffusion coefficient. The main purpose of this thesis is therefore to investigate the effect of perforation size on the mechanical response of GFRP tubes/liners subject to hostile environments, as well as developing an effective model for predicting the post-exposure mechanical properties and residual life of the GFRP. For that, the long-term performance of four groups of perforated GFRP plates and tubes (with 5, 8 and 11 mm dia. perforations) were experimentally investigated. The first group of specimens was aged in water, while the second group was subjected to externally applied load while being aged in water. The third and fourth groups underwent a similar regime, but aging was done in 15% sulfuric acid solution instead of water. All experiments were conducted at 60 oC. The flexural properties of the specimens were evaluated by three-point bending tests during and upon completion of the saturation process. The observed saturation behaviors were then compared to that predicted using the Fickian and non-Fickian solutions. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the microstructural changes. Finally, models were developed to predict GFRP’s mechanical properties degradation, as well as its life cycle.

This study evolved from an involvement with professional people in a rural and semi-rural environment thereby taking into account the role which the Employee Assistance Programmes (EAP) plays in their professional context of work. Two underlying factors motivate the study. Firstly, that professional needs and capacities of faith, belief and spirituality are not been catered for in the EAPs. Secondly, that an African-Christian wholesome sense making approach provides more satisfactory answers to the lack of faith, belief and spirituality in the EAPs than the modern versions of the classic dualist and tripartite anthropological schemes of soul and body or soul, spirit and body. Furthermore, a wholesome sense making approach supports and tackles people’s wellness and well-being levels more satisfactorily than the classic dualist and tripartite views. An outline of an EAP in which faith leaders and consultants and their programmes are integrated and which contributes to the enhancing of well-being levels and performance management of professional people is described. The main focus of the study revolves around wholesome foursome experiential patterns in which alternating emphases of faith experience are acted out in the sense of ‘I believe God, I believe myself, I believe my human neighbours and I believe the physical natural environment’. This four side pattern of faith experience functions as an important theoretical assumption in the study. A second theoretical assumption has to do with the foursome processual framework of God’s grand acts of creation, reconciliation (redemption= cross and resurrection of Jesus), renewal (ongoing renewal of everything) and consummation and fulfilment towards the end (aim and goal) in which we as people and the physical natural environment are intrinsically and continuously involved. A third theoretical assumption revolves around the foursome experiential professional performance pattern of ‘I perform for God, I perform for myself, I perform for my human neighbours and I perform for the physical natural environment’. The foursome experiential patterns are also set as evaluative pointer patterns around which the empirical investigative part is constructed.
Philosophy & Systematic Theology
D.Th. (Systematic Theology)

La santé psychologique en emploi s’avère un sujet d’intérêt au Québec vu ses nombreuses retombées importantes sur les travailleurs et les organisations. Parmi les différents secteurs d’activités, les travailleurs du milieu de l’éducation, plus spécifiquement les directions d’établissement scolaire, présentent un état de santé psychologique moindre que la population générale. Des responsabilités professionnelles composées de conflits relationnels et d’une surcharge de travail engendrent un coût psychologique pour ces travailleurs. Il s’avère donc important d’identifier les moyens qui permettront d’améliorer et de maintenir une bonne santé psychologique. Le modèle des demandes ressources de l’emploi avance que les ressources interagissent avec les demandes de manière à réduire l’effet négatif de ces dernières sur la santé psychologique en emploi. La thèse aura pour objectif de valider l’effet protecteur de certaines ressources en fonction des principales causes de mauvaise santé des directions d’établissement scolaire. En effet, certaines ressources seraient plus appropriées en fonction des caractéristiques de l’emploi. En considérant que leur état de santé psychologique est principalement engendré par les conflits relationnels et la surcharge de travail vécue en emploi, les habiletés politiques et le sentiment d’efficacité personnel ont été retenus comme ressource. En effet, les études antérieures montrent que posséder un niveau élevé d’habiletés politiques protégerait des difficultés relationnelles, alors que le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle s’avérait utile face à une grande charge de travail. Sous cette perspective, le premier article vise à étudier la structure factorielle des dimensions de l’inventaire des habiletés politiques auprès d’un poste de gestion et plus particulièrement de directions d’établissement scolaire. Une étude antérieure réalisée auprès de gestionnaires montre que l’outil se déploie en cinq facteurs chez cette population. Les constats indiquent que l’outil se déploie en quatre facteurs pour une population de directions d’établissement scolaire, tel que l’outil original validé auprès d’une population non-cadre. Le deuxième article valide le rôle des habiletés politiques comme ressources personnelles pour minimiser l’effet néfaste des conflits interpersonnels sur la santé psychologique en emploi, en concordance avec le modèle demande ressource de l’emploi. Le sentiment d’efficacité personnelle sera également considéré comme étant une ressource personnelle pour contrer l’effet des demandes de l’emploi sur la santé psychologique en emploi. Les résultats constatent que seulement la dimension des habiletés politiques, astuce sociale, modère la relation entre l’anxiété et les demandes de l’emploi.
Psychological health at work is a subject of interest in Quebec because of is many important repercussions on workers and organizations. Among the different sectors of activity, workers in the education sector, more specifically school principals, have a lower level of psychological health than the general population. Professional responsibilities composed of relational conflicts and overwork, generate a psychological cost for these workers. It is therefore important to identify ways to improve and maintain good psychological health. The Employment Resource Requests model suggests that resources interact with demands to reduce the negative impact of demands on psychological health in employment. The aim of the thesis will be to validate the protective effect of certain resources according to the main causes of poor health of school management. Indeed, some resources would be more appropriate depending on the characteristics of the job. Considering that their psychological state of health is mainly caused by relational conflicts and the overload of work experienced in employment, political skills and the feeling of personal efficiency were retained as resources. Indeed, previous studies show that having a high level of political skills would protect relational difficulties, while the feeling of self-efficacy proved useful in the face of a large workload. From this perspective, the first article aims to study the factorial structure of the dimensions of the inventory of political skills in a management position and more specifically school management. An earlier study of managers shows that the tool is deployed in five factors in this population. The findings indicate that the tool is deployed in four factors for a population of principals, such as the original tool validated with a non-executive population. The second article validates the role of political skills as a personal resource to minimize the adverse effect of interpersonal conflict on psychological health in employment, in line with the employment demand model. Self-efficacy will also be considered as a personal resource to counter the effect of job demands on psychological health in employment. The results find that only the dimension of political skills, social trick, moderates the relationship between anxiety and job demands.