Academic literature on the topic 'Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)'

This was aware of all about the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB), and Directory of Open Access Repository (Open DOAR). The abbreviations pop up on familiar with all blogs and websites. This article explores for the value of the open access directories and amount or number of journals, books and repositories registered for social science subject, number of publishers contributed and most dominated language in registered resources in above directories are discussed in detailed.

<strong>Abstract: </strong> The primary purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive view of social science open-access journals indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). DOAJ is the most recognized and most authoritative list of scholarly open-access social science journals indexed in DOAJ. Data is based on open-access social science journals indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). A total of 996 social science journals were selected from the DOAJ database available online at http://www.doaj.org. This study found Indonesia is the highest productive country Maximum number (139) of open-access Journals added to DOAJ in the year 2022, Most of the access social science journal publications are in English (45.39%) language.

There are two general strategies for achieving Open Access (OA) to scholarly communication, the gold road and the green road. The largest and authoritative gold road OA database is the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) indexing all the standard OA journals meeting the DOAJ criteria of inclusion. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the contribution of Indian publications to the global OA movement. The analysis of the present study was done based on a total dataset of 289 research publications of Indian OA journal as imported from the DOAJ database. The findings of the study reveal that Indian OA journals account for only 2% of the total coverage of DOAJ. Among them, journals in the field of Medicine alone account for 79% and approximately 73% of journals are published in both print &amp; electronic medium with PDF as the preferred file format, DOI as preferred permanent article identifier and English as the preferred language of publication. Almost 89% of Indian OA journals provide full-text crawl permission, while 75% of them provide download statistics. All the Indian journals covered under DOAJ are peer-reviewed and out of them, most of the journals (76%) are double-blind peer-reviewed. Indian OA publications with CC BY-NC-SA license cover the highest percentage (75%) and 206 journals (71%) do not charge APC. In majority of Indian OA journals (89%), the author doesn&rsquo;t hold either the copyright or publishing rights without restrictions from the journal publishers. It is important to note that only two journals (~1%) satisfied the requirements of DOAJ Seal.

This paper presents a Bibliometrics study of Botany journals represented in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). A total of 75 Botany journals were identified from DOAJ, This study used the bibliometric technique for analyzed various parameter like year wise distribution, Subject wise, country-wise and language-wise distribution of Botany journals archived in Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ).

Promoting journals managed in DOAJ, it provides convenience as a curated online directory a community that indexes and provides access to managed journals to improve the journal. The data available in DOAJ are independent, and this community service is believed to guide journal managers regarding DOAJ indexing. The problem is that many scientific journals in Indonesia have yet to be indexed by DOAJ, which DOAJ provides all content free of charge without delays or user registration requirements and meets high-quality standards. This community service method uses three stages. The first stage is the preparatory stage of team coordination to determine collaboration, resource persons, and preparation of activities and events. The second stage follows up the implementation with activities in the form of lectures, discussions, questions and answers, and practice which aims to build insight into registering journals with DOAJ. The evaluation stage is carried out by giving questionnaires to seminar participants as respondents to get feedback from the organizers. The results were that 86.96% understood how to register scientific journals with DOAJ. Thus, it can be obtained an overview of the level of success in implementing community service related to participants' understanding of registering scientific journals with DOAJ.

Introduction. The quality of journals in Indonesia is much criticized; however, the number of Indonesian journals that meet the criteria of Directory of Open Access Journal (DOAJ) is quite a lot. This study describes some facts of Indonesia’s publications based on DOAJ and World Bank data.Data Collection Method. Some filtering processes in DOAJ database were done based on sum of journals, scientific fields distribution, and Article Processing Charge (APC). Open data regarding research funds among countries in World Bank database were analyzed.Data Analysis. This study used quantitative-descriptive design with frequency analysis technique. Data visualization was done with R Statistical Computing and Google Sheets.Results and Discussions. In March 2017, there were 500 Indonesian journals (5th rank worldwide); 420 of them were in Indonesian covering more than 51,000 articles (7th rank). The top three fields were: education, Islam religion, as well as business and commerce. As much as 70% of the journals were free of APC. Science must prioritize inclusiveness and equality inline with the principles of originality and honesty.Conclusions. This study concludes that open access journals in Indonesia improves the accessibility, quality, and relevance of Indonesian research, which can be reused by communities, industries, and the government.

Purpose Open access (OA) electronic journals have been identified as potentially at risk of loss without more coordinated preservation efforts. The purpose of this paper is to test the current availability of OA electronic journals indexed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Design/methodology/approach Using publicly available journal metadata downloaded from DOAJ, individual journal URLs were tested for validity and accessibility using a Microsoft Excel Visual Basic for Applications macro. Findings Initial results showed 69.51 per cent of the URLs tested returned a successful HTTP status code. The remainder of the URLs returned codes that indicated redirection or errors. Originality/value Unlike past studies of link decay, this is not limited to cited references or a specific discipline. This study uses the full DOAJ metadata to analyze the persistence of OA electronic journals.

At the 2007 Charleston Conference, Elaine Yontz and Jack Fisher, library science professor and librarian respectively at Valdosta State University, gave a presentation on their study of indexing by the leading information science indexers of the seventy-eight open access journals (OAJ) listed for library and information science in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). They discovered that less than 47% of the journals listed in the DOAJ were indexed. Additional observations made were the relative newness of many of the library science journal titles listed in DOAJ, the breadth of languages in which OAJ were being published, and the quality of many of the publishers or groups behind the journals. Yontz and Fisher are concerned that American scholars overlook these potentially helpful journals because of the lack of indexing.

The aim of this study is to assess the current status of Open Access journals published in Malaysia by analysing the Malaysian journals listed in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). This exploratory and descriptive study is guided by the following research questions: (a) What growth trends are evident in Malaysian journals covered in DOAJ? (b) Are these journals also indexed in Web of Science (WoS), Scopus, and MyCite? (c) What are distribution, and publishing dynamics of Malaysian journals covered in DOAJ? Data was collected from DOAJ, with information on indexed journals prior to 2024. The performance of Malaysian journals listed in DOAJ was further evaluated using data from WoS, Scopus, and MyCite. A total of 101 Malaysian journals were identified, of which 27 are indexed in WoS (ESCI), 36 in Scopus, and 69 in MyCite. The publishers of these journals can be categorised into four groups: university publishers, commercial publishers, publishers affiliated with societies or associations, and government-affiliated publishers. Notably, public university publishers are the major players in Malaysian Open Access journals. Approximately two-thirds of the journals are concentrated in four main subject categories, indicating an unbalanced development across different fields. There remains significant room for improvement in the openness of these journals. This study provides an overview of Malaysian journals included in DOAJ and highlights their key characteristics. The findings can serve as a valuable reference for journal publishers in Malaysia striving to meet global standards for Open Access.

The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is the world’s most authoritative list of scholarly, peer-reviewed, fully open access journals, and a “must” for libraries of all types. As of August 2007, DOAJ includes over 2,800 titles, over 10% of the world’s estimated 20-25,000 peer-reviewed scholarly journal titles. This is an impressive list; in terms of numbers of titles, DOAJ compares favorably with commercial journal packages. DOAJ is growing rapidly, at a rate of more than one title per calendar day. DOAJ’s highly functional and aesthetically pleasing interface features a number of search options, including a new search option for authors looking for open access or hybrid journals to publish in. DOAJ is freely available, and working towards economic sustainability through an optional membership / sponsorship program. This article examines the DOAJ membership program in some depth. Membership fees for libraries and library consortia are an incredible bargain. The membership fee for DOAJ’s 2,800 (and growing) title list is less than the average subscription cost for a single journal in any scientific discipline, and DOAJ represents significant staff time savings for libraries. The promotional benefits of DOAJ membership are important to position libraries for leadership in the internet age, and especially in the key emerging area of scholarly communications. DOAJ is a very popular service among libraries, with a strong reputation for quality; membership or sponsorship is likely to be highly beneficial to library service providers. As a free resource, DOAJ is strongly recommended for all libraries. DOAJ titles can be included in A-Z journal lists, library catalogues or websites, and subject-specific URLs can be added to subject guides or pathfinders.

Mit der Sonderausgabe des Newsletters 2/2006 möchte die Universitätsbibliothek ergänzend zum Rundschreiben des Rektors 02/2006 den Angehörigen der TU Chemnitz weitere Informationen zum Thema Open Access (OA) geben. Die Universitätsbibliothek begrüßt den Beschluß von Rektorat und Senat zur Unterstützung von Open Acces an der TU Chemnitz mit dem Wortlaut - Rektorat und Senat der TU Chemnitz fordern die Autoren der Universität nachdrücklich auf, ihre wissenschaftlichen Publikationen als Pre- oder Postprintversion, soweit rechtliche Bedenken der Verlage nicht entgegenstehen, auf dem Publikationsserver MONARCH der TU Chemnitz abzulegen. - Rektorat und Senat ermutigen die Wissenschaftler der TU Chemnitz, in bestehenden Open-Access-Zeitschriften zu publizieren. Gerade die Bibliothek der TU Chemnitz als Dienstleister für Wissenschaftler und Studierende hat die Auswirkungen der Zeitschriftenkrise bitter zu spüren bekommen. Eine drastische Reduzierung des Zeitschriftenbestandes seit Mitte der 90er Jahre ist die Folge. Schon lange beklagen die Wissenschaftler diese Situation. Die Universitätsbibliothek ist der Auffassung, dass langfristig und durch eine weltweite Unterstützung von Open Access diese Entwicklung korrigiert und die Krise im System der wissenschaftlichen Kommunikation überwunden werden kann. Die Etablierung des "Prinzips des offenen Zugangs" setzt jedoch die aktive Beteiligung jedes einzelnen Produzenten von wissenschaftlicher Information voraus. Entscheidend für die erfolgreiche Umsetzung der geplanten Open Access Aktivitäten an der TU Chemnitz ist die Akzeptanz unter den Wissenschaftlern und vor allem deren aktive Unterstützung<br>This is a special issue of the library's newsletter. In addition to the rector-circular 02/2006 we would like to give you further information about open access publishing at our university. The library welcomes the joint resolution recently made by the university's rectorate and its senate to support open access publishing at Chemnitz University of Technology. - Rectorate and Senate of Chemnitz University of Technology invite the authors to publish their scientific works as pre- or postprintversion in MONARCH, under attention of the copyright. - Rectorate and Senate encourage the scientists to publish in open access journals. The library as a service provider for scientists and students is confronted with the effects of journal crisis. A dramatically reduction of acquired journal titles is the result. The university library is in the conviction that a long-term and world-wide support of Open Access can corrected and negotiate this development. Therefore is the activity of each individual producer of scientific information important. The acceptance and assistance from our authors is the base for transposition Open Access to the Chemnitz University of Technology

DOAJ is an online directory that indexes and provides access to quality open access, peer-reviewed journals. This chapter shows that open Access literature productivity of Library and Information Science in DOAJ perspective. Totally in DOAJ 124 journals in general library science i.e. 56.12%. In the subject digital library there are 17 journals which is in the second position i.e. 11.80%. There are 3 journals (2.08%) in the subject bibliometrics. There are 40 countries who contributed journals in DOAJ in library science subject. USA is the top most country with 37 (25.69%) journals published. Second position is for Spain with 13 (9.039%) journals. Third and fourth positions are for Brazil, United Kingdom and India with 13 (9.03%), 6(4.17) and 6 (4.17%) journals respectively. For the countries like China, Germany and Canada there are 5 (3.47%) journals at their credit. The study shows that out of the 144 journals, 51 journals are having both print and electronic versions, while 93 journals are having only the electronic versions. The study also shows that academic institutions are the major contributors to OA in DOAJ in library science and second position is owned by commercial. The societies contribute about 7 journals. Many R &amp; D organizations and Institutes are contributing to OA journals. Here 15 journals are contributed by other Organizations. The government organizations are contributing 5 journals which are less compared to others.

Bioinformatics is rapidly growing, interdisciplinary field of science, where methods from information technology, computer science, mathematics, and statistics are used to solve problems of biological science. To access latest scholarly articles in such an important branch one cannot deny the importance of open access journals. In this chapter an attempt has been made to access the current status of open access journals of bioinformatics which are covered by Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) on various parameters like country and language of publication, their currency, impact factor, article processing charges, copyright licensing model they are using, platform for hosting and their coverage in abstracting/indexing databases.

Bioinformatics is rapidly growing, interdisciplinary field of science, where methods from information technology, computer science, mathematics, and statistics are used to solve problems of biological science. To access latest scholarly articles in such an important branch one cannot deny the importance of open access journals. In this chapter an attempt has been made to access the current status of open access journals of bioinformatics which are covered by Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) on various parameters like country and language of publication, their currency, impact factor, article processing charges, copyright licensing model they are using, platform for hosting and their coverage in abstracting/indexing databases.

Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE), Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association (OASPA) и World Association of Medical Editors (WAME) являются научными организациями, которые объединились, чтобы совместно определить принципы транспарентности и лучшие практики для научных публикаций. Эта четвертая версия документа опубликована 15 сентября 2022 г. Призываем к ее широкому распространению.

The movement of free accessibility of scholarly literature on the public Web has brought uprising in the intellectual class of the digital world. Though several studies have been carried out to understand the end-users' awareness level and the benefits they avail from this revolution, researchers/authors who play a pivotal role and without whom Open Access (OA) could not have seen the dawn and could not have been successful so far, have remained least studied, if not, unnoticed. Regardless of the use of OA platforms, earlier research has to some extent indicated the experiences, behaviour, and attitudes of authors towards open access. The way they think about OA has been explored by authorities from various dimensions. The current chapter is an attempt to understand their experiences, perceptions, and the opinions they hold about open access publishing. The chapter highlights the growing awareness, views, and perceptions of 336 authors in the field of medicine towards OA publishing. The survey instrument, an online questionnaire covering e-mail invitation to participate, was sent to the authors publishing their works in OA journals. The authors who had made recent submissions in the open access journals were consulted and the journals were selected from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The study explores the attitudes of authors to open publishing models, including OA journals and OA repositories. The research work is not a reflection of all the authors in the field of medicine, and hence, the findings should not be generalized to represent the views of all the authors contributing to open access platforms in the field of medicine. Neither should the findings be generalized to represent the views of all the authors in the open access world. The study can further be extended to divulge the views of authors in the field of medicine on the basis of geographical locations and gender. A follow up study can also be taken to monitor the opinion shifts of the authors in the sub-fields of medicine.

It presents an analysis of publications about Digital Humanities indexed in Portuguese in the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) from 2017 to 2021. A simple search was performed using the term “digital humanities” which retrieved 33 articles published in 25 open-access scientific journals. The results are presented in three sections representing three main fields of study. It was possible to conclude that publications about digital humanities have been growing and that some of those publications’ concerns are to show projects and the digital tools used on them. In addition, they mention distant reading, big data, and the COVID-19 pandemic. It was also noticed that some of the articles retrieved misinterpret what Digital Humanities is. The expansion of databases is suggested for future research on this subject, favoring even the information literacy of researchers interested in this theme.

Many studies that focus on Black students examine risk factors and their link with negative outcomes. With societal existences such as racism, discrimination, and prejudice, Black students face challenges that can compromise their health and overall well-being. A series of subject-related keywords was used to extract potentially relevant articles and relevant texts from three electronic databases (Directory of Open Access Journals [DOAJ], Education Resources Information Center [ERIC], and Google Scholar). The findings show that there is a need for groundbreaking strategies involving promotion for reform school discipline practices.

The movement of free accessibility of scholarly literature on the public Web has brought uprising in the intellectual class of the digital world. Though several studies have been carried out to understand the end-users’ awareness level and the benefits they avail from this revolution, researchers/authors who play a pivotal role and without whom Open Access (OA) could not have seen the dawn and could not have been successful so far, have remained least studied, if not, unnoticed. Regardless of the use of OA platforms, earlier research has to some extent indicated the experiences, behaviour, and attitudes of authors towards open access. The way they think about OA has been explored by authorities from various dimensions. The current chapter is an attempt to understand their experiences, perceptions, and the opinions they hold about open access publishing. The chapter highlights the growing awareness, views, and perceptions of 336 authors in the field of medicine towards OA publishing. The survey instrument, an online questionnaire covering e-mail invitation to participate, was sent to the authors publishing their works in OA journals. The authors who had made recent submissions in the open access journals were consulted and the journals were selected from the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). The study explores the attitudes of authors to open publishing models, including OA journals and OA repositories. The research work is not a reflection of all the authors in the field of medicine, and hence, the findings should not be generalized to represent the views of all the authors contributing to open access platforms in the field of medicine. Neither should the findings be generalized to represent the views of all the authors in the open access world. The study can further be extended to divulge the views of authors in the field of medicine on the basis of geographical locations and gender. A follow up study can also be taken to monitor the opinion shifts of the authors in the sub-fields of medicine.

Acid-base homeostasis is fundamental for the maintenance of life. Subclinical hypercortisolism (HS) is an entity that is difficult to diagnose as it does not present a noticeable symptomatological picture without advanced resources for clinical practice. The objective of this chapter is to discuss the importance of recognizing this entity and establishing differential diagnosis. Characterization of those elements is the way for provide a good clinical practice and avoid mistakes. The cortisol and other glucocorticoids which have the ability to stimulate gluconeogenesis are the target of his study. An up-to-date approach is proposed. This is a narrative review carried out between 1993 and 2024. The following databases were used: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; PubMed, PubMed(Medline).

When Michael Hart initiated his ambitious Gutenberg project of computer re-writing essential literature books, in 1971, sure it was very difficult to imagine our today dependency of digital devices and social media. To type on the those time typewriter devices the basic scholarly novels it was a difficult option for a 24 years man, proven a visionary thinking to the people future access. It was ten years before the lunching the IBM PC's, and Internet Protocols, in a time of the firsts text editors... Twenty years before the first World Wide Web real demo ... But Michael Hart succeeded to build a community of volunteers, delivering free the project results, digital books (through floppies, diskettes, tapes, and later on CD-ROM, or DVDs. Gutenberg project arrived as a model for many libraries to save their depots and manuscripts. Networking and Internet services (email and FTP) already gave new solutions for distribution and visibility of Gutenberg project, for access to digital books. For scientists it was another need, the better access to the scientific publications, an easier way to publish their results. Consequently, quite in the same time when CERN accepted to finance the Tim Berners Lee proposal, the firsts signs of a movement for open access publications are registered. As a nice example, PACS Review (Public Access Computer Science Review), at the Houston University, prepared and announced in 1989, with its first 3 numbers in 1990. A journal delivered as ASCII file, by email, later through a Gopher server, and finally-from 1995 on-line, through the Houston University Web server (HTML, or ASCII format). PACS Review publication stops in 2000. Since 1995 a really peer revue, quality, open journal was launched by Cristian Calude, Herman Maurer, Arto Salomaa at Graz University, called JUCS - ,,Journal of Universal Computer Science". A journal with very regular publication till now. There are, of course, a lot of other interesting examples of electronic (digital) open access journals, in different fields. A new step in this evolution was done through the development of the open source tools for the management of such digital journals into the Web server infrastructure. It was done by the initiative and efforts of John Willinsky, through his PKP - Public Knowledge Project - a multi-university initiative developing free open source software and conducting research to improve the quality and reach of scholarly publishing. PKP was founded in 1998 at the Education Faculty of UBC, with the aim to improve the research quality. Another important steps necessary to count of are the 2002 Budapest Open Access Initiative, and the MIT university decision to publish their course materials, generating the corresponding consortium. As an answer to Budapest Open Access Initiative, it is the developing of an on-line catalog of Open Access Journals - DOAJ (build and maintained by Lars Bjornshauge from 2003 until 2013 at the Lund University, recently moved at Open Access Scholarly Publishers Association - OASPA. Into this catalog there are included now about 10.000 Open Access Journals. Of course that in such a paper it isn't possible to escape the competition, more a less a battle between Online Open-Access journals and traditional ones. As well to discus the issue of fake publishers or publishers not living up to reasonable standards both in terms of content and of business behavior. Does all this Open Access movement change a bit the perspectives concerning the transformation of the teachers role in the "Web 2.0 Era" ?

ABSTRACT Background: Low birth weight remains a major public health concern of neonatal mortality rate, especially in developing countries. The mother’s psychological stress during pregnancy was reported as one of the causes of low birth weight in children. This study aimed to determine the effect of prenatal stress on low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. This study was conducted by collecting articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Directory of Open Access (DOAJ), Springer Link databases, from 2006-2020. Keywords used “Prenatal Stress” AND “Low Birth Weight”. The inclusion criteria were open access and full text articles, using English or Indonesia language, pregnant women with stress, using cohort study design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR). The articles were selected by PRISMA flow chart. The quantitative data were analyzed using random effect model run on Revman 5.3. Results: 5 studies from United States, Suriname, Macao, Israel, and South Africa reported that prenatal stress increased the risk of low birth weight (aOR= 1.94; 95% CI= 1.33 to 2.81; p&lt;0.001), with I2= 0%; p= 0.45. Conclusion: Prenatal stress increases the risk of low birth weight. Keywords: prenatal stress, low birth weight Correspondence: Irfa Nur Faujiah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: irfanurfaujiah@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282127200347. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.123

ABSTRACT Background: Community health center (puskesmas) management information system or often referred to as SIMPUS is a local health system aimed at providing health information at primary health care level. This health information systems have been implemented in many districts. However, their performance is yet to be improved caused by several factors such as a lack of human resources and hardware. This study aimed to investigate factors associated with implementation of health information management in community health centers. Subjects and Method: This was a systematic review by collecting published articles in open-access journals and proceedings from Directory of Open Access Journal, Elsevier, and Google scholar databases. “Health information system”, “implementation health information system”, and “evaluation health information system” were used as key findings. The selected articles were reviewed by meta-aggregate. Results: Previous studies reported that implementation of health information management in community health center faced several barriers, including (1) incomplete data, and (2) low monitoring and safety control. To implement health information management properly, the following components need to be fulfilled: (1) infrastructure availability (software, hardware, data safety, and internet network speed), (2) human source (user knowledge, experience, skill, accuracy), and (3) funds. Conclusion: Implementation of health information management in community health center is affected by infrastructure availability, internet network speed, user knowledge and experience, and funds. Keywords: health information management, community health center Correspondence: Sri Umiati. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java. Email: umi2374@gmail.com. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.04.48

Review question / Objective: What are the global prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus suis and Campylobacter species in pigs? /To determine the occurrence, associated factors, and antimicrobial resistance of the isolates of Streptococcus suis and Campylobacter species of Pigs worldwide. Information sources: The intended information sources are 20 electronic databases: MEDLINE® - (Mesh, Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO, PubMed), Scopus®, ProQuest®, Google Scholar®, Web of Science® (ISI), EBSCO®, SciELO®, Wiley®, Compendex® - Engineering Village, Emerald®, Embase® - Emtree, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)®, Gale Academic OneFile®, DataCite®, J-STAGE®, SpringerLink Journals®, Journals Ovid complete®, BioMed Central Opens Access®, Nature®, Taylor &amp; Francis®], 9 periodical titles (Journal of Veterinary Science, Antibiotics, BMC Veterinary Research, Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science, Journal of Veterinary Medical Science B, PLoS One, Scientific Reports, Veterinary Microbiology), and the grey literature databases.

Open access (OA) är ett sätt att göra forskningsresultat fritt tillgängliga över internet och har på relativt kort tid blivit en global företeelse som har förändrat hur forskare publicerar sina resultat. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att undersöka metoder för att kunna mäta Sveriges lantbruksuniversitets (SLU) OA-publicering, liksom att ta fram siffror över hur stor andel av SLU:s vetenskapliga artiklar som publiceras OA. Utöver detta syfte, så har vi även undersökt hur OA-andelen fördelar sig mellan olika typer av OA (s.k. guld, grön och hybrid), vilka tidskrifter SLU:s forskare mest frekvent publicerar i, samt hur andelen OA ser ut på SLU:s institutioner. Mätningen har begränsats till refereegranskade tidskriftsartiklar publicerade under åren 2012-2014. Publikationsdata hämtades ur publikationsdatabasen SLUpub. För artiklar som har publicerats i OA-tidskrifter (guld OA) har SLUpub-datan samkörts med data från Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). För parallellpublicerade artiklar (grön OA) har vi räknat antal artiklar i Epsilon, SLU:s öppna arkiv. För OA-artiklar publicerade i prenumerationstidskrifter (hybrid OA) genomfördes en stickprovskontroll utifrån ett randomiserat urval av hela underlaget. Resultat: andelen artiklar för hela SLU under perioden 2012-2014 var 4543. Av dessa var 790 tillgängliga guld OA vilket innebär 17,3 procent av den totala publiceringen. Trenden är uppåtgående då OA-andelen för 2012 var 16,3 procent och för 2014 19,2 procent. Andelen gröna OA-artiklar som återfanns i Epsilon och som inte kunde avskrivas som guld OA uppgick till 175 st. Dessa publikationer utgör 3,8 procent av det totala antalet publicerade artiklar under perioden. Stickprovet av det randomiserade urvalet visade på en andel hybrid OA på 16,5 procent av den totala artikelpubliceringen, vilket endast ska ses som en indikation. I rapporten redovisas även de tidskrifter som SLU-forskare publicerat mest i under perioden 2012-2014, där PLoS ONE med god marginal innehar förstaplatsen. Andelen OA på institutionsnivå redovisar endast resultat för guld OA, inte grön eller hybrid OA pga. att strukturerad data för dessa är resurskrävande att få fram. I slutsatserna diskuteras att SLU publicerar en relativt låg andel grön OA och att det även finns tämligen stora skillnader mellan institutionernas OA-publicering. Rapporten ger rekommendationer för SLU-bibliotekets vidare arbete, såsom att ta fram en förnyad strategi för utformning av stöd till grön OA och till institutioner som idag generellt publicerar OA i liten utsträckning.

Contrairement à une idée répandue selon laquelle les publications en libre accès sont payées par leurs auteurs, de nombreux articles scientifiques sont diffusés sans frais pour les lecteurs et les auteurs (modèle « diamant »). En 2021, on estimait entre 17 000 et 29 000 le nombre de revues scientifiques reposant sur le modèle diamant. Les revues accessibles gratuitement représentaient 73 % des revues enregistrées dans le DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals). Le modèle diamant est présent à l’échelle mondiale. Il est particulièrement répandu en Amérique latine (95 % des revues) grâce à l’émergence de grandes plateformes à financement public telles que SciELO et Redalyc, et dans une moindre mesure en Europe de l’Est et en Asie du Sud-est (par exemple en Indonésie). Les revues diamant sont souvent ancrées dans des communautés locales de chercheurs, de professionnels non universitaires et de particuliers : elles jouent un rôle important pour faire circuler la connaissance et préserver la diversité linguistique dans la science. Les revues diamant forment un modèle économique efficace. Le coût médian par article est estimé à 200 USD, contre 1 200 USD dans les revues commerciales. Leurs ressources sont généralement multiples et sans but lucratif : financement récurrent, subventions, soutien technique, bénévolat. Les revues diamant ont une productivité moindre que les revues commerciales. Leur diffusion d’articles universitaires est généralement plus restreinte, avec moins de la moitié des publications indexées par le DOAJ. Bien que le concept de « revue diamant » n’ait été introduit qu’en 2011, les publications scientifiques communautaires existent depuis longtemps. On observe depuis des décennies plusieurs types de structures communes, des éditeurs universitaires subventionnés jusqu’aux coopératives administrées par des bénévoles, et le développement de la science ouverte à la fin des années 1990 a ravivé le phénomène. Le soutien des communautés est l’un des atouts majeurs des revues diamant. En dépit de leur rôle crucial et quantifiable dans l’édition scientifique ouverte, les revues diamant sont longtemps restées oubliées des bailleurs de fonds et des politiques universitaires. Les principaux index tels que Web of Science ou Scopus ont tendance à favoriser les publications commerciales. L’archivage semble constituer un obstacle de taille, et certaines publications risquent d’être délaissées par les grandes initiatives de préservation. En 2022, de nouvelles politiques nationales et internationales, comme la recommandation de l’UNESCO sur la science ouverte et le Plan d’action pour l’accès ouvert diamant promu par la cOAlition S, sont venues soutenir le développement des revues diamant. De plus en plus, les revues diamant participent d’un nouvel écosystème de « communs scientifiques », au même titre que les infrastructures de science ouverte, les logiciels universitaires gratuits, les programmes de données ouvertes et les métriques ouvertes.

Contrary to a widespread belief that open access publications are paid by their authors, a significant amount of scientific articles are published with no fees to both readers and authors (or “Diamond” model). In 2021, it is estimated that between 17,000 and 29,000 scientific journals rely on a Diamond model. 73% of the journals registered in the Directory of Open Access Journals charge no fee. The Diamond model is attested on a world wide scale. It is especially prevalent in Latin America (95% of journals) following the emergence of large publicly-supported platforms, such as SciELO and Redalyc and to a lesser extent in Eastern Europe and South-East Asian countries like Indonesia. Diamond journals are frequently embedded in local communities of researchers, non-academic professionals and private citizens: they play an important role in the circulation of knowledge and in the preservation of linguistic diversity in science. Diamond journals are an efficient economic model. The median cost per article is estimated at $200, or 1/6th of the expenses of commercial journals. Most of their funding is covered by a variety of non-commercial support: recurrent funding, grants, technical support, volunteer work. Diamond journals are also less productive than commercial journals. They represent a lower output of academic articles overall, making up less than half of all publications indexed by the Directory of Open Access Journals. While the concept of “diamond journal” was only introduced in 2011, community-owned scientific journals have a long history. A variety of common-based structures from subsidized university publishers to volunteer-run cooperatives have existed for decades and been revived by the development of open science in the late 1990s. Reliance on communities is one of the main strengths of Diamond journals. Although they are measurably a major model of open science publishing, diamond journals have long been little acknowledged by academic policies and funders. Leading indexes like the Web of Science or Scopus tend to favor commercial publications. Archiving has been identified as a major concern, as several publications can remain unnoticed from the main preservation initiatives. In 2022, new national and international policies, such as the UNESCO recommendation on open science, or the action plan for diamond Open Access supported by cOAlition S aims to support the development of Diamond journal. Diamond journals are increasingly part of an emerging ecosystem of “scientific commons” alongside open science infrastructures, free academic software, open data programs or open metrics.

This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&amp;D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&amp;D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&amp;D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&amp;D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.