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1
Ben, Yana. "Organizational And Legal Mechanism Ukraine's Cooperation With NATO: Developments And Disadvantages." Science and Education a New Dimension IX(254), no. 46 (June 30, 2021): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31174/send-hs2021-254ix46-11.
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The study was conducted on the basis of the contradictory nature of Ukraine's cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, established in 1992. On the onehand, Ukraine has consistently stated its intention to integrate into NATO as a full member. The country has formed an organizational and legal mechanism for cooperation with NATO. The reis an indefinite Charter on a Distinctive Partnership between Ukraine and NATO. Intentions for full membership in the Alliance are included in the Constitution of Ukraine and national security legislation. The norm of cooperation between the parties is the development and signing of various programs for cooperation in security, defense, education and other areas. The majority of Ukrainian society supports the state's intention to join NATO. On the other hand, despite long-term cooperation with the Alliance, Ukraine has not receivedan Action Plan for NATO membership, which makes the ultimate goal of integration unattainable. The main obstacle to Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic integration has been and remains the insufficient pace of reforming the country's political, economic, judicial and other basic systems, as well as the security and defense sector. The over all result of the study is to emphasize the attention of the Ukrainian side to the need to accelerateur gent state reforms, update the existing organizational and legal mechanism of cooperation between Ukraine and NATO, bringing all components of the security and defense sector to Western standards. The conclusions point to the main contradiction in the practical support of Ukraine's Euro-Atlantic movement: the national state-building elite did not ensure the continuity of the political course on Euro-Atlantic integration and the accumulation of constructivism along the way. The hypothesis of the study was to prove the existence of a "medium" level of cooperation between Ukraine and NATO on the basis of the existing organizational and legal mechanism, which does not yetallow to raise the issue of Ukrainian integration into the Allianceon a full basis.The hypothesis is generally proven. It is considered appropriate to further monitor the state, problems of functioning, prospects for the development of the organizational and legal mechanism of Ukraine's cooperation with NATO with the formulation of appropriate recommendations to improveits effectiveness.
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Ryu, Sungmin, and Chul Woo Moon. "The Effect Of Group-Orientation Culture On Inter-Organizational Cooperation Mechanisms." International Journal of Management & Information Systems (IJMIS) 15, no. 4 (October 7, 2011): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/ijmis.v15i4.6154.
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Cooperation between exchange parties becomes a center for inter-organizational relationship. Cooperation reduces the attractiveness of opportunistic behavior that seeks short-term benefits, so it has been identified as a key factor for inter-organizational cooperation. Although several factors affecting cooperative relationship have been studied, the majority of inter-organizational studies are conducted on the basis of an individualistic perspective view of Western culture. This study introduces group-orientation culture and tries to enhance the understanding the effect of group-orientation culture on inter-organizational cooperation in the relationship between exchange parties. This study suggests that group-orientation culture influences the generation of informal cooperation between exchange parties. When a party expects harmonious relationship with its partner, the party develops the relational norm through accepting short-term disadvantages that are expected to be balanced out by longer-term advantages. However, exchange parties with a low group-orientation culture do not rely on formal cooperation mechanisms.
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Polak, Adam. "Experimental Studies of Direct Cooperation of PEM Fuel Cells and Secondary Batteries." Solid State Phenomena 210 (October 2013): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.210.87.
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Fuel cells and secondary batteries have both some disadvantages and advantages. However, looking closer at their characteristics, it can be concluded that in various aspects fuel cells and secondary batteries complement each other. Thus, combining these different electric energy sources to make one hybrid electricity source would allow using advantages of both sources and eliminating their disadvantages. In this article there are presented a comparative characteristic of PEM fuel cells and secondary batteries, their configuration of cooperation, and experimental results of their direct cooperation.
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Yang, Chun-Lei, Boyu Zhang, Gary Charness, Cong Li, and Jaimie W. Lien. "Endogenous rewards promote cooperation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 40 (September 17, 2018): 9968–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1808241115.
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Sustaining cooperation in social dilemmas is a fundamental objective in the social and biological sciences. Although providing a punishment option to community members in the public goods game (PGG) has been shown to effectively promote cooperation, this has some serious disadvantages; these include destruction of a society’s physical resources as well as its overall social capital. A more efficient approach may be to instead employ a reward mechanism. We propose an endogenous reward mechanism that taxes the gross income of each round’s PGG play and assigns the amount to a fund; each player then decides how to distribute his or her share of the fund as rewards to other members of the community. Our mechanism successfully reverses the decay trend and achieves a high level of contribution with budget-balanced rewards that require no external funding, an important condition for practical implementation. Simulations based on type-specific estimations indicate that the payoff-based conditional cooperation model explains the observed treatment effects well.
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Wentao, Chen, Zhang Jinyu, and Yu Zhonggen. "Advantages and Disadvantages of Clicker Use in Education." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 13, no. 1 (January 2017): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicte.2017010106.
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Since the birth of clickers at Pennsylvania State University, there have been numerous arguments on its effectiveness. This study, aiming to review use of clickers in education, examined literature over around a decade on use of clickers, involving benefits and defects of use of clickers, peer discussion, use of clickers in learning, teaching and problem solving, the effectiveness of use of clickers among non-students. Besides, relationships between lecturing and learning aided with clickers, and current developments in use of clickers were also reviewed and discussed. It was concluded that clickers, as one form of modern technology, had gained growing popularity due to their advantages, such as peer discussion, anonymity and instant feedback although disputes still remained. More studies on clickers and other new technologies were still needed to further push forward levels of education. Cross-disciplinary cooperation between computers, education and psychology may be needed to design more advanced educational technologies.
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Chulanova, O. L. "Coaching and Facilitation as Tools to Increase Group Effectiveness in Managing Project Teams." Vestnik NSUEM, no. 4 (December 29, 2019): 184–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.34020/2073-6495-2019-4-184-196.
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The article considers coaching and facilitation as tools for improvement of the group effectiveness in project team management. Content analysis of the «coaching» and «facilitation» definitions was presented. The aim of the study is revelation of the effectiveness of coaching in cooperation coordination and project team management. For that reason the author considers coaching as an effective tool for organization of team cooperation, making it possible to reveal and implement the potential of each member of the project and achieve synergetic effect for attaining objectives of the project. The article presents types of coaching, as well as advantages and disadvantages of coaching. Agile coaching was considered as the most effective tool for organization of team cooperation and project team management in implementing project activities on the basis of the flexible project management methodology. The article considers facilitation as the technology which improves team effectiveness, involvement and interest of the participants, as well as it unlocks their potential. Stages and methods of facilitation were presented. Advantages and disadvantages of facilitation were considered.
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Blain, Bob. "Capitalism Receives a Failing Grade." Perspectives on Global Development and Technology 16, no. 1-3 (April 7, 2017): 339–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691497-12341438.
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Cooperation®: The Wealth of Nations Game®is a simulation, a way to highlight advantages and disadvantages of economic systems, and suggest where changes might improve performance. This simulation enabled its inventors, Bob Blain and Bob Gill, to identify a set of rules that would work better than barter, socialism, and capitalism. University students graded these, along with autonomous cooperation. Barter received a C, socialism a B, capitalism an F, and autonomous cooperation an A. The latter is the result of adjusting game rules to incorporate the strengths of the other three methods of exchange while avoiding their weaknesses. How the rules of autonomous cooperation can be applied to economic policies is explained in the final section.
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Astarita, Vittorio, Vincenzo Pasquale Giofrè, Giuseppe Guido, and Alessandro Vitale. "The convergence of Internet of Things, Blockchain and Connected Vehicles: Conceptual Advantages and Disadvantages of a new Cooperative Intelligent Transportation System." International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Management 03, no. 01 (March 1, 2021): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/jttm.03.01.005.
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This paper intends to explore the convergence of some technological innovations that could lead to new cooperative Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The technologies that might soon converge and lead to some new developments are: the Blockchain Technology (BT) concept, Internet of Things (IoT) and Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAV). Advantages and disadvantages of the new concepts founding a new ITS system are discussed in this conceptual paper. Blockchain technology has been recently introduced and many research ideas have been presented for application in the transportation sector. In this paper, we discuss a system that is based on a dedicated blockchain, able to involve both drivers and city administrations in the adoption of promising and innovative technologies that will create cooperation among connected vehicles. The proposed blockchain-based system can allow city administrators to reward drivers when they are willing to share travel data. The system manages in a special way the creation of rewards which are assigned to drivers and institutions participating actively in the system. Moreover, the system allows keeping a complete track of all transactions and interactions between drivers and city management on a completely open and shared platform. The main idea is to combine connected vehicles with BT to promote Cooperative ITS use, a better use of infrastructures and a more sustainable eco-system of cryptocurrencies. A short description of BT is introduced to evidence energy problems of sustainability in the implementation of Proof of Work (PoW) that is adopted by many blockchains.
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Liu, Rui, and Xiaoli Zhang. "A review of methodologies for natural-language-facilitated human–robot cooperation." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 16, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 172988141985140. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1729881419851402.
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Natural-language-facilitated human–robot cooperation refers to using natural language to facilitate interactive information sharing and task executions with a common goal constraint between robots and humans. Recently, natural-language-facilitated human–robot cooperation research has received increasing attention. Typical natural-language-facilitated human–robot cooperation scenarios include robotic daily assistance, robotic health caregiving, intelligent manufacturing, autonomous navigation, and robot social accompany. However, a thorough review, which can reveal latest methodologies of using natural language to facilitate human–robot cooperation, is missing. In this review, we comprehensively investigated natural-language-facilitated human–robot cooperation methodologies, by summarizing natural-language-facilitated human–robot cooperation research as three aspects (natural language instruction understanding, natural language-based execution plan generation, knowledge-world mapping). We also made in-depth analysis on theoretical methods, applications, and model advantages and disadvantages. Based on our paper review and perspective, future directions of natural-language-facilitated human–robot cooperation research were discussed.
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Yu, Wen Long. "Evolution Model of Technology Innovation Cooperation Network of Software Enterprise." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.355.
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This article will complex network theory is introduced to the world's leading technology innovation cooperation network study, continue to deepen the theoretical study, by numerical simulation and empirical research on the method of combining technical innovation cooperation network to the evolution mechanism and its small world, scale-free characteristics were studied. First perfect the network modeling work decline period. Secondly, put forward the strategy of technology innovation diffusion, namely random selection, target selection and associated enterprises selection strategy, and compares the advantages and disadvantages of relationship between different strategies. Finally, combined the status quo of the cooperation technological innovation in our country, respectively from two levels to enterprises and government strengthen enterprise technical cooperation and improve enterprise technology innovation ability, and puts forward some Suggestions and countermeasures of technology innovation cooperation network further study is forecasted.
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Wevers, Herman T., Cosmina L. Voinea, and Frank de Langen. "Social Entrepreneurship as a Form of Cross-Border Cooperation: Complementarity in EU Border Regions." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 8463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208463.
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EU border regions continue to face economic and social disadvantages compared to other regions in the same country. Since 1990, the European Commission has been implementing extensive territorial cooperation programs to support EU border regions in solving regional problems and building social cohesion. This study offers a contribution for decreasing the economic and social disadvantages of EU border regions by investigating the complementarity between institutional EU cross-border cooperation and social entrepreneurship. We argue that both concepts build upon similar drivers and characteristics with the aim of creating impact and bringing about change. We test and improve our initially literature-based framework to provide a better insight into how institutional and entrepreneurial processes could benefit from each other. We conduct interviews with experts operating at different governance levels and in various EU countries and border regions. The complementarity between both concepts is confirmed considering a differentiation between governance levels and fields of expertise. The results show that complementarity between the concepts mainly exists in terms of taking advantage of opportunities for a certain effect. The commercial activities of social enterprises are seen as effective, but it is necessary for social enterprises to establish sustainable EU cross-border cooperation and to improve regional social and economic development.
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TARASHNINA, SVETLANA. "TIME-CONSISTENT SOLUTION OF A COOPERATIVE GROUP PURSUIT GAME." International Game Theory Review 04, no. 03 (September 2002): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198902000719.
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In this paper we study a time-optimal model of pursuit in which players move on a plane with bounded velocities. This game is supposed to be a nonzero-sum group pursuit game. The key point of the work is to construct and compare cooperative and non-cooperative solutions of the game and make a conclusion about the cooperation in differential pursuit games. We consider all possible cooperations between the players in the game. For this purpose with every game Γ(x0, y0, z0) we associate a corresponding game in characteristic function form Γv(x0, y0, z0). We show that in the game Γv(x0, y0, z0) there exists the core for any initial positions of the players. The core can take four various forms depending on initial positions of the players. In a dynamic game existence of the core at the initial moment of time is not sufficient for being accepted as a solution in it. We study how the core is changed when the game is proceeding and prove that the core in this game is time-consistent. Moreover, we point out an allocation from the core which could be accepted as a reasonable one by all players. Finally, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of choosing this or that allocation from the core.
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Cozza, Claudio, and Antonello Zanfei. "Multinational firms and the creation of technological linkages in Italy." Cuadernos de Economía 37, no. 74 (July 1, 2018): 429–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v37n74.58077.
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Using empirical evidence from the Italian R&D survey, we assess the ability of multinational firms in setting-up technological linkages (Extra-muros R&D and R&D cooperation). We have found that Italian multinationals are more prone to perform Extra-muros R&D, while foreign multinationals are better at developing R&D cooperation. However, when selecting only the linkages with local counter-parts, we find that foreign multinationals have no advantage vis-à-vis Italian firms; while multinationals still have some advantages in setting-up R&D cooperation with local universities. Results suggest that foreign multinationals can generally exploit “economies of common governance” when setting-up technical linkages, but they face relative disadvantages in terms of embeddedness in local systems.
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Varmus, Michal, and Milan Kubina. "Management of sports clubs in the town based on the principles of cooperation." Global Journal of Business, Economics and Management: Current Issues 8, no. 2 (July 30, 2018): 38–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/gjbem.v8i2.1135.
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In the Slovakia are very many sports clubs that are civic associations. Within towns they are often as separate entity. Management of these sports clubs in the town is very specific. A town wants to have influence on these clubs, especially when the clubs are supported from municipal finance. In these paper we deal with possible management of clubs in the town within cooperation principle. We identified the main advantages, disadvantages, and points that are important for good established cluster of sports clubs in the town.
Keywords: sport; club; cooperation; town; management
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Haddad, Robert, and Brian D. Israel. "Natural Resource Damage Assessments: Is Cooperation a Good Thing?" International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2017, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 3091–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2017.1.3091.
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Abstract It has been nearly 55 years since the United States enacted the Clean Water Act (CWA) in which natural resource damages (NRD) were codified.1 The NRD cause of action, originally derived from the public trust doctrine and common law, was later integrated into the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) in 1980 and into the Oil Pollution Act (OPA) in 1990. In response to the establishment of CERCLA and OPA, the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) was charged with developing and promulgating NRD regulations under CERCLA while the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) was charged to do so under OPA. Originally, DOI’s approach to assessing NRD under CERCLA emphasized monetary compensation, as this was a simple common denominator. Later, under OPA, NOAA’s regulations allowed NRD to be determined by, and compensated with, an ecological currency, e.g., using a Habitat or Resource Equivalency Approach (HEA2, REA3). This focus on putting restoration front and center in NRD assessments (NRDAs)4 was ultimately integrated into the DOI regulations in 2008. A critical and evolving aspect of NRDAs has been the concept of cooperation between the responsible party (RP) and the trustees in undertaking the NRDA (e.g., Israel 2006a; Connor and Gouguet 2005; Reinharz et al. 2005). This approach, supported by NOAA and others, is an effective means to identify and resolve legal uncertainties through stipulations and create working relationships that effectively focus on assessment resolution and restoration implementation; the ultimate outcome being a more rapid path to restoration and a significant decrease in litigation and other transactional costs. Over the past decade, the benefits of cooperative assessments have been questioned. It has been suggested that cooperative NRDAs do little to move the process forward in a timely manner. It has been further implied that cooperation equates to RPs paying up front for the cost of the assessment while the trustees conduct the assessment. In truth, both perspectives are correct, the reality being that cooperation means different things to different people. In this paper, we examine the historical underpinnings of the NRDA regulations, how this led to the development of the cooperative, restoration-based NRDA process, and the pros and cons of the cooperative NRDA process. We identify some of the inherent political, technical, cultural, and legal challenges with the cooperative NRDA paradigm as well as some of the benefits. Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of cooperation in the context of future NRDA cases, with an eye towards identification of specific processes that may help better understand or predict if cooperation is the best path forward for resolution of NRD liability.
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Bilbokaitė, Renata. "STUDENTS’ NEEDS FOR QUALITY OF PRACTICE: ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES." ŠVIETIMAS: POLITIKA, VADYBA, KOKYBĖ / EDUCATION POLICY, MANAGEMENT AND QUALITY 4, no. 3 (December 15, 2012): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/spvk-epmq/12.4.19b.
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Contemporary tendencies of the higher education have been variously exposed – from needs to improve the activity conception to needs for the own development. In all cases the aim is fol-lowed to consider the student more as the main receiver of the service. In order for all institu-tions to define needs, researches have been implemented and conclusions have been offered on the base of them; therefore the improvement plans have been prepared and changes have been implemented by activities. This article also reveals needs of students for the quality of the prac-tice. Students demonstrate the need for the practice instructions – the wish is observed for the acceptable tasks, clear presentation of instructions, time of instructions and frequency as well as flexibility, changes of the essential aspects of the content so that the students could get benefits from them. Instructions are not complicated; however students need additional information that would facilitate the faster and easier adaptation within institutions of practice, the better implementation of practice in them, and after it, the correct preparation of tasks and good evaluation. Also the requirement for heads of practices is also expressed: more frequent consul-tations are wanted as well as the greater support, closer and more often communication and cooperation that would help the student to feel expected, would increase the self-reliance rather than would cause the fear of practice. Key words: quality of practice, educational programs, students’ needs
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Formanová, Lucie, Lenka Gernešová, Elen Číková, Ondřej Šťastník, Veronika Makovcová, and Lucie Zlámalová. "Elements of Cooperation and Competition in Teaching as Perceived by Secondary School Teachers." Lifelong Learning 5, no. 2 (2015): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/lifele20150502201.
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This contribution deals with use of elements of cooperation and competition in teaching at secondary schools as perceived by secondary school teachers. For the research quantitative questionnaire survey is used. The objective of the research is to find out whether secondary school teachers use elements of cooperation and competition in their teaching, eventually up to what extent, then which advantages and disadvantages of these methods they find. Research sample consists of 108 respondents—secondary school teachers. Obtained data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and then interpreted. From the obtained results recommendations for teaching practice in the field of secondary school education are provided in the final part of the contribution.
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Hoang, Yen H., Nhung T. H. Nguyen, Ngoc B. Vu, Duong T. T. Nguyen, and Linh H. T. Tran. "Toward Successful Bank-Fintech Partnerships: Perspectives from Service Providers in an Emerging Economy." Asian Social Science 17, no. 6 (May 31, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v17n6p19.
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benefits they can gain from each other in the cooperation process. In that process, the perspectives of each party are very likely to determine the outcome of the cooperation. This study is conducted to examine the perspectives of banks and fintech companies in the collaboration process, hence, identify factors that can potentially affect the success of a bank-fintech partnership. A qualitative methodology was adopted, including in-depth interviews and focus group discussion with two groups of commercial banks and fintech companies conducted in Vietnam in 2019. The study findings include the benefits, the obstacles, advantages and disadvantages of each party as well as their strengths and weaknesses, partner selection criteria are among important factors that can influence the cooperation process. Obtained findings imply important policies to ensure successful partnerships between banks and fintech in Vietnam.
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Jakulevičienė, Lyra, and Regina Valutytė. "Corporate Forms Facilitating Non-Profit Networking: Formalizing the Informal." Baltic Journal of Law & Politics 10, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bjlp-2017-0017.
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Abstract Cooperation and networking among a variety of organisations for the purpose of research, projects, and other activities ranges from ad hoc to long term organisational relationships, formalised or based on informal cooperation. Although informality is frequently much valued and drives organisations to partner on substance rather than bureaucracy, formalisation of networks and cooperation might be indispensible for effective partnerships and activities, as well as representation of mutual interests beyond the national level. How shall such networks be formalised at European and/or national levels so that they are flexible enough, involve minimum bureaucracy, and engage the maximum scope of possible activities? This article focuses on the analysis of possible legal structures facilitating the work of a group of entities and individuals engaged in cross-border activities. This study examines the potential of national legal opportunities in five countries: Belgium, Estonia, Lithuania, Poland and the Netherlands, and the proven legal form of EEIG in reducing the barriers for cooperation, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these legal forms for a formalized network and the purposes it serves.
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Papanikolaou, Nikolaos. "Analysis and Selection of a Business Model: the Case of Delphi Subway Transportation Project." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCE AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 6, no. 1 (2019): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.61.1005.
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This paper examines the conditions of developing an additional line to the Delhi subway in India, in order to facilitate transportation in the city during the Commonwealth Games. The paper is developed through analyzing the business model that delivered the development of the project, examine advantages, disadvantages, results delivered, and proposes what could have done differently in order to minimize risks. This is a case of public and private sector cooperation.
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Kim, Suehye. "A Quasi-Experimental Analysis of the Adult Learning Effect on Problem-Solving Skills." Adult Education Quarterly 70, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 6–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0741713619861073.
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This study builds an empirical research model that explores societal and individual antecedents of adult learning and examines the adult learning effect on problem-solving skills in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Considering national differences, it uses multilevel data sources available from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) 2008-2013 and the OECD data lab. The results from this study suggest that young adults (25- to 34-year-olds) with more favorable backgrounds benefit from their social origin and occupational environment in terms of nonformal learning participation. It was also found that the participants outperform nonparticipants in the PIAAC problem-solving skill assessment. The key findings of this study advocate for the importance of policy interventions to combat the cumulative effects of multiple disadvantages in the educational trajectory from initial education to adult learning as well as to reduce the problem-solving skill gaps of young disadvantaged adults.
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Sukmana, Enriko Tedja, and Sri Mandalika. "PRAKTIK KERJA SAMA BISNIS AYAM POTONG PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH DI KECAMATAN JEKAN RAYA." JURNAL AL-QARDH 2, no. 1 (June 6, 2017): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/jaq.v2i1.826.
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The purpose of this research was to answer these problems. Based on the above issues, this type of research in this thesis was using qualitative research with descriptive approach. Data collection techniques in this research were interview, observation and documentation. The result of this research, namely: (1) cooperation practice of meat-producing chicken was done by the supplier (capital contribution) and managers (capital contributions and skill) with the provisions of the results namely: IDR 1,200 per kilograms (stuck). (2) the cooperation practice of meat-producing chicken business in Jekan Raya District was incompatible with Musharaka contract because the the result obtained before acquiring the real advantage and the disadvantages were not divided according to the capital portions of both parties.
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Fuchs, D., and M. Fuchs. "Cooperation between Top-Down and Bottom-Up Theorem Provers." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 10 (March 1, 1999): 169–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.573.
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Top-down and bottom-up theorem proving approaches each have specific advantages and disadvantages. Bottom-up provers profit from strong redundancy control but suffer from the lack of goal-orientation, whereas top-down provers are goal-oriented but often have weak calculi when their proof lengths are considered. In order to integrate both approaches, we try to achieve cooperation between a top-down and a bottom-up prover in two different ways: The first technique aims at supporting a bottom-up with a top-down prover. A top-down prover generates subgoal clauses, they are then processed by a bottom-up prover. The second technique deals with the use of bottom-up generated lemmas in a top-down prover. We apply our concept to the areas of model elimination and superposition. We discuss the ability of our techniques to shorten proofs as well as to reorder the search space in an appropriate manner. Furthermore, in order to identify subgoal clauses and lemmas which are actually relevant for the proof task, we develop methods for a relevancy-based filtering. Experiments with the provers SETHEO and SPASS performed in the problem library TPTP reveal the high potential of our cooperation approaches.
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Spittler, Terry D. "Cooperation, Collaboration, and Contracts Between Industry and University Analytical Facilities." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 71, no. 4 (July 1, 1988): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/71.4.704.
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Abstract Ranging from service units to basic research facilities, analytical laboratories associated with universities have both unique capabilities and limitations. Method development and validation in cooperation with professional peers in government and industry is encouraged and straightforward to the extent that such efforts are within the laboratories' mandate(s). In certain situations, university laboratories are more flexible in their research objectives and are able to pursue interesting trails not specifically justified in project/profit schemes. University policies may, on the other hand, preclude specific areas of inquiry. Contract arrangements with universities can take several forms depending on the magnitude of intended support, the degree of confidence and confidentiality required, and the urgency of the project. Direct gifts, equipment grants, research contracts, consulting arrangements, competitive grants, memoranda of understanding, invoiced analyses, third party agreements—each of these has advantages and potential disadvantages for the participants. Universities represent tremendous pools of scientific talent and technical resources that may be enlisted for exploratory assaults on a problem before an industry makes inappropriate capital and organizational commitments
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Nakisko, Oleksandr, and Olena Maiboroda. "Integrated agricultural associations in Ukraine: current status and development prospects." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-4-13.
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The current state of agricultural integrated associations in Ukraine is considered. Their significant distribution is analyzed, the variety of forms of integration in the developed countries of the European Union and the USA is investigated, their crucial importance in ensuring food security of the country and significant contribution to international trade is proved. The experience of forming vertically integrated structures in agro-industrial complex is considered. It is proved that the creation of vertically integrated structures in the agro-industrial complex solves the problem of food security of the coun-try, increases food exports, reduces disparities between industries, optimizes price chains from agricultural producers to the final consumer. Attention is drawn to the relevance of the study of the cooperation current state in rural areas in terms of promoting its revival, including: legal requirements for the formation of a diversified agricultural economy as a basis for rural man-agement, farms development, agricultural cooperatives and other relatively new organizational forms of agricultural entre-preneurship. Since currently the state does not have enough funds to establish a wholesale market, it is advisable to create alternative, small organizational forms of wholesale sales in rural areas. This may be cooperation in the field of procurement and marketing of agricultural products. Such cooperatives are designed to perform certain marketing functions. Peculiarities of domestic and foreign integrated formations development, motivation of direct participants to joint production-economic and marketing actions, coordination and carrying out of joint economic, scientific-technical policy, formation of regional economic complexes are generalized. The advantages and disadvantages of cooperation among other organizational and legal forms, as well as the advantages and disadvantages provided by agricultural holdings to agricultural producers are considered. The generalization of the conducted researches gave the chance to investigate motivation of the basic partici-pants, ways of realization of integration processes in market conditions. Key words: integration, integrated formations, integration processes, investments, innovations, investment climate, cooperation, agriculture, market infrastructure, diversification, associations, argoholding.
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Tran, Tien Nam. "Cooperation to settle conflicts in the East Sea - some suggestions from Vietnam’s perspective." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i1.1248.
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Sovereignty disputes in the East Sea keep the record of time, complexity, distance, number of islands and number of claimants in the history of maritime disputes. The innovative models of bilateral and multilateral cooperation have had a certain effect on reducing tensions, enhancing cooperation and encouraging dialogues among the parties involved. However, these efforts have not been considered effective to settle the issues. Concerning that reality, countries around the East Sea, especially the claimants have continued to find, develop and implement collaborative activities. From such awareness, this paper aims at studying the collaborative models which have been applied in the East Sea. Then, we would continue to study the advantages and disadvantages of these models. Finally, we would like to propose new suitable models to enhance effective cooperation and avoid conflicts and painful consequences that may occur in the East Sea. All models are built up from the perspective of Vietnam, basing on the fundamental interests of Vietnam, along with the investigation and reconciliation of the claimants’ interests in the region.
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Seal, Robert A. "Resource sharing begins at home: opportunities for library partnerships on a university campus." Interlending & Document Supply 44, no. 3 (August 15, 2016): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilds-01-2016-0003.
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Purpose This paper aims to demonstrate that academic library cooperation is not only limited to work with other institutions but also includes partnerships with related campus units. The primary goal of interdepartmental collaboration is to enhance student success, a common institutional priority in the twenty-first century. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers examples of successful library/campus collaboration along with goals, advantages, disadvantages and challenges of such activity. Elements necessary for success as well as the importance of project assessment are emphasized. Findings Many opportunities for cooperation exist, especially with student development, centers for teaching excellence, information technology, academic departments, writing centers and more. The Information Commons model in particular offers the academic library many opportunities for shared services. Based on the successes of many colleges and universities, libraries are encouraged to consider and undertake partnerships with other student and faculty support services. Originality/value The paper incorporates an overview of the literature of library/campus cooperation along with the author’s experience to provide a roadmap for future projects at any college or research library.
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A., Albekov, and Lakhno Y. "Building of Multilateral Cooperation of BRICS Countries in the Field of Financial Technologies." KnE Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (February 15, 2018): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i2.1526.
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New financial technologies enable to meet the needs of customers faster and cheaper in comparison with the traditional ones. New financial technologies have disadvantages along with the advantages, their consequences are still difficult to predict. The authors propose a mechanism of cooperation of the BRICS countries in the field of financial technology as a way of a joint development of measures which will facilitate full realization of all opportunities of using financial technology to ensure sustainable development of the BRICS countries, and at the same time preventing potential threats, as well as coping with potential negative consequences which arise from the use of new financial technologies. This mechanism may be used to implement the strategy of economic partnership of the BRICS countries.Keywords: Financial technologies, controller, the BRICS, sustainable development
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Zharkih, M. V. "International cooperation in the sphere of peaceful uses of nuclear energy as a resolution of energy supply and nuclear proliferation problems." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(9) (December 28, 2009): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2009-6-9-163-174.
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Comparative analysis of the Russian and the US initiatives. The article gives an outline of such a promising branch of international cooperation as cooperation in the sphere of peaceful uses of nuclear energy, in particularly its multilateral aspects – initiatives of States based on the multilateral principle of uses of nuclear power. The comparative analysis of the two large-scale initiatives in the field ofmultilateral approaches to the nuclear fuel cycle – these are the Russian initiative on the development of the Global infrastructure of nuclear energy and the American Global nuclear energy partnership –made in the article discloses the main principles of work of the abovementioned mechanisms of interaction as well as their advantages and disadvantages. The goal of such an analysis is to figure out which one has a greater potential for international security and future development of the nuclear energy sector.
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Panibratov, Andrei, Natalia Ribberink, and Konstantin Nefedov. "Entry Modes and Liability of Foreignness Effects: Evidence From Russian Firms on the German Market." Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 106–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/omee.2018.10.00006.
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Foreign subsidiaries are at a disadvantage as compared to domestic enterprises, which is especially the case for emerging market firms in more developed economies. In this paper we apply liability of foreignness (LOF) concept to address the issue of these disadvantages. We consider LOF effects associated with equity vs. non-equity entry modes for Russian firms when penetrating the German market. The paper presents the results of a pilot study of 41 subsidiaries of Russian firms operating in different regions of Germany. Our results show that investors are more concerned about information, customers and partnerships, which can be explained by preeminent reliance on their own resources, while exporters appeared to be driven mostly by image considerations indicating minor interest in other characteristics of the host market. Although both exporters and investors experience significant negative effects from the lack of proper institutional and business knowledge on the host market, these effects vary for equity and non-equity entry modes. We suggest instruments to mitigate these effects, including cooperation with institutional agents, which is especially important for FDI strategy.
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He, Chuan Kai, Hui Yuan Li, and Xi Zhou Lv. "Comparison of Structural Support Schemes for Forestage Lighting Gallery in Lecture Hall." Applied Mechanics and Materials 533 (February 2014): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.533.199.
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This study proposes three structural support schemes for a forestage lighting gallery in a steel truss structure transformed into a lecture hall. The advantages and disadvantages of these schemes are analyzed and compared in terms of structural safety, disturbance implications, and professional cooperation on architectural decoration. A separate light steel frame supporting the forestage lighting gallery has more advantages than only the original truss components and is thus more suitable for the project. The three schemes are compared for the reference of designers confronting similar problems.
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Zinovyeva, Nonna B. "Webliography as a Modern Direction of Modernization of Bibliographic Activity of the Libraries." Bibliotekovedenie [Library and Information Science (Russia)], no. 5 (October 28, 2015): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2015-0-5-23-30.
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There is considered the problem of modernization of the directions of bibliographic activities of the modern libraries in connection with the wide distribution of network information technologies and emergence of the new method of bibliographing resources - Internet-Webliography. There are described the advantages and disadvantages of Webliographic products. There are put forward the proposals on creation of Web-catalogue, on establishing coordination and cooperation of libraries in the development of Webliographic products, on the possibility of providing Webliographic services to the customers in DOR and IRI mode.
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Piórkowski, Piotr, Adrian Chmielewski, Krzysztof Bogdziński, Jakub Możaryn, and Tomasz Mydłowski. "Research on Ultracapacitors in Hybrid Systems: Case Study." Energies 11, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11102551.
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This work is concerned with the use of the engine start module (ESM) ULTRA 31/900/24V ultracapacitor in specific hybrid systems consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) module, battery, and internal combustion engine (ICE). The test bench research on the ESM cooperating with the photovoltaic module to prevent its self-discharge has been tested, analyzed, and discussed. Moreover, the power distribution between electrochemical batteries and the ultracapacitor is shown. The potential application of the ultracapacitor connected with batteries for the start-up of an ICE engine is also presented. Furthermore, we analyze the possible application of the ultracapacitor plus battery system in heavy transport vehicles and buses. The main advantages and disadvantages of the system consisting of an ultracapacitor and a battery is presented along with the problem of self-discharge and the conditions of ultracapacitor and battery cooperation. This work also features the assumptions made for the conducted tests, selected accordingly for nominal current values of typical starter motors available on the market.
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BRUNI, FRANCO. "The crisis of multilateralism and EU–Russia cooperation." Public Administration 22, no. 1 (2020): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2070-8378-2020-22-1-54-57.
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The article is devoted to problems in relations between the EU and Russia. Multiple methods are considered that are aimed at solving the problem of multilateralism in current conditions. The author selected and studied specific documents on essential aspects that are devoted to this topic. Studying the arising problems requires careful consideration since, in the modern world, cooperation between global actors such as the EU and Russia cannot be ignored. Despite all the challenges faced by the parties in their fields, all difficulties are conquerable, and the article provides specific methods for its solving. The article discusses some aspects and problems that require particular attention from specialists in this field. The author concludes that strong US–EU coalition could seem more coherent with history and with the traditional East–West divide. However, the recent evolution of the US attitude towards international relations weakens the probability of such coalition and its perceived payoffs. A more or less defensive Russia–China coalition has been tried with limited results; moreover, if it were possible and probable, the two western players would change their strategy to prevent it or to contain its depth. In fact, we live in a world where many talks of a serious possibility of G2 governance, a peculiar type of coalition where the US and China keep hostile and nationalistic attitudes but join forces to set the global stage in their favor, pursuing a qualitatively limited but quantitatively rich payoff. In such world, as a counterpart of this payoff, both the divided Europe and the economically much smaller Russia would lose power and suffer several kinds of economic disadvantages. Therefore, Greater Europe would be good for Russia and for the EU as well.
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Ma, Yang, Guangquan Cheng, Zhong Liu, and Xingxing Liang. "Clustering-based link prediction in scientific coauthorship networks." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 06 (May 7, 2017): 1750082. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117500826.
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Link prediction in social networks has become a growing concern among researchers. In this paper, the clustering method was used to exploit the grouping tendency of nodes, and a clustering index (CI) was proposed to predict potential links with characteristics of scientific cooperation network taken into consideration. Results showed that CI performed better than the traditional indices for scientific coauthorship networks by compensating for their disadvantages. Compared with traditional algorithms, this method for a specific type of network can better reflect the features of the network and achieve more accurate predictions.
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Kudryashova, Irina, Elena Dolbnya, Natalia Zakharova, and Anastasiya Loginova. "Methodological Aspects of Assessment of Foreign Economic Activity in Coal Mining Regions." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 04032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017404032.
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In the article it is considered methodological aspects of assessment of foreign economic activity at the level of Russian regions, it is highlighted advantages and disadvantages of some approaches. It was concluded that at present it is advisable to develop an integrated methodology for assessing the effectiveness of foreign trade activities of the region and its investment attractiveness, which can minimize the disadvantages of existing approaches and comprehensively reflect the ongoing processes in the region in the field of foreign economic activity. The need to assess foreign economic activity in the Russian regions on the basis of the principles of complementarity, cooperation and integration with other regions, generation of synergy, extension of spatially distributed value chains is justified. Application of this methodical approach in regional economy as the effective instrument of modern socially oriented management of processes for exploitation of natural resources, development of science and education, creation of regional infrastructure for support of export-oriented and import-substituting business is offered.
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Wabwile, Michael. "Implementing the Social and Economic Rights of Children in Developing Countries: The Place of International Assistance and Cooperation." International Journal of Children's Rights 18, no. 3 (2010): 355–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181810x494308.
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AbstractIt is a common feature of the treaties on international protection of economic and social rights that all states, regardless of their resource capabilities, are invited to ratify these treaties. Although all developing countries except Somalia have ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the macroeconomic conditions of systemic poverty and underdevelopment in these countries indicate that there are concerns as to whether and how such states can really perform their legal obligations and guarantee the fulfilment of the Convention's economic and social rights. This article examines the emerging patterns of recent state practice in this area, with a view to identifying the contribution of international cooperation and assistance in these processes. The gist of the discussion presented here is that despite their macro-economic disadvantages, developing countries can accelerate the processes of achieving full implementation of economic and social rights if they have access to appropriate arrangements for external technical and financial cooperation and assistance. In view of this, it is suggested that there may be a legal obligation on the part of the international community to render such assistance and cooperation.
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Aleshin, V. V. "Counterterrorism meassures: application of international law and the law of the Russian Federation." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (March 23, 2020): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2019-4-79-90.
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INTRODUCTION. Effective implementation of antiterrorist interstate cooperation is impossible without the creation of an appropriate legal framework. By concluding international treaties, States agree to accept obligations that define the scope of their activities in the areas of cooperation. Moreover, sometimes the necessity arises for emergency antiterrorist response which brings about the application of other than treaty mechanisms like bilateral and multilateral commitments. It seems necessary to pay attention to certain legal mechanisms provided by the UN anti-terrorist treaties, in particular, in the context of the situation in Syria, and some conceptual changes in Russian counter-terrorism legislation.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article uses treaties, national legislation and doctrinal research. The authors rely on various methods to reach their conclusions, among which treaty interpretation is most frequently used.RESEARCH RESULTS. In the article the author shows different mechanisms and spheres of modern cooperation in counter-terrorism and their ineffectiveness owing to political interests of some states. Special attention is paid to legality of actions of the USA and allies in Syria and criminal liability of members of international terrorist organizations.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. In this article the authors draw attention to disadvantages of international legal regulation of anti-terrorist cooperation. The article concludes that refusal of compliance with international law in the sphere of counter-terrorism brings about negative consequences for maintenance of international peace and security.
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Feldstein, Martin S. "Distinguished Lecture on Economics in Government: Thinking About International Economic Coordination." Journal of Economic Perspectives 2, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.2.2.3.
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I am not opposed to international cooperation in all economic matters, but in this lecture, I stress the counterproductive consequences of the international coordination of macroeconomic policy. I believe that many of the claimed advantages of cooperation and coordination are wrong, that there are substantial risks and disadvantages to the types of coordination that are envisioned, and that an emphasis on international coordination can distract attention from the necessary changes in domestic policy. Moreover, the attempt to pursue coordination in a wide range of macroeconomic policies is likely to result in disagreements and disappointments that reduce the prospects for cooperation in those more limited areas of trade, defense, and foreign assistance where international cooperation is actually necessary. In stressing the limited scope for the international coordination of macroeconomic policy and exchange rates, I do not wish to imply that such action is never appropriate. There are some small and very interdependent countries where such coordination should undoubtedly be the general rule. There are also some conditions when the potential gains from coordination are such that all countries could expect to benefit from participation. But the active coordination of the macroeconomic policies and of exchange rates among the United States, Japan, and Germany will generally be inappropriate. Moreover, as I shall explain in these remarks, the United States is particularly unsuited to participate in an ongoing process of economic coordination.
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KHALEQI, Zahir Ahmad, and Jamaluddin Sadruddin Oghli. "ŞANGAY İŞBİRLİĞİ ÖRGÜTÜ VE TÜRKİYE’NİN OLASI İLİŞKİLERİ." IEDSR Association 6, no. 12 (March 29, 2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46872/pj.263.
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With the dissolution of the USSR, the world entered a unipolar period after the cold war. In this period, the US wants to influence the region by establishing warm relations during the independence and establishment processes in the former Soviet regions with the claims of world domination. China and Russia, dissatisfied with these expansionist policies of the USA and western countries. China and Russia took the border problems between them for many years against the threats in the region and established the Shanghai 5th organization in 1996 to establish security and commercial cooperation and to remove the USA from the region. With the participation of Uzbekistan in 2001, the name of the organization was changed to Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). when Turkey started to be hesitated from EU membership process in recent years, Turkey's foreign policy orientation of Eurasia and as an alternative to membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization has started to be discussed. In 2012, Turkey was accepted as a dialogue country in the SCO that could not yet enter the full membership process. In this study, primarily the establishment of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and mentioning about the structure of the aforementioned organization, within the framework of the advantages and disadvantages of being the SCO member for Turkey and its possible relations were examined.
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Yang, Jian Cheng, Xiu Ming Jiang, Ze Xu Zhou, Dan Dan Li, Guan Zhu Wang, and Teng Teng. "As a Link to Advanced Textile Mechanical and Electromechanical Center of Research and DevelopmentSchool-enterprise Cooperation and Training Innovative Engineering Talents." Advanced Materials Research 271-273 (July 2011): 1768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.271-273.1768.
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The major of advanced textile mechanical design and automation is a characteristic profession of School of Mechanical Engineering of Tianjin Polytechnic University. Since its establishment in 1978, it has gone through the course of near 30 years ，and has trained a large number of talented people for our country. In the new historical conditions, how to exert the professional advantages of cultivating innovative talents has become a hot topic. This paper analyzes the disadvantages that the college students who is trained by the closed education of the institutions of higher learning in the recent years can not meet the real requirements of the enterprises to the innovative talents ,and it is difficult that the college teachers and students conduct practical activities in the enterprises, proposes the establishment of " the Advanced Textile Mechanical and Electromechanical Center of Research and Development " that is the link of the school-enterprise cooperation and training innovative talents. It truly sets up a win-win mechanism between the school and enterprises and solves the above disadvantages. Through several years’ practice, after going into the enterprises the graduates can become skilled quickly and have strong practical ability and innovative design capability, and they are widely acclaimed by the enterprises.
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Anggarasari, Nandhini Hudha, and Rikha Surtika Dewi. "Kegiatan Outbound untuk Membangkitkan Semangat Teamwork dan Menambah Energi yang Baru Pada Anggota MDMC Pangandaran." ABDIMAS: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2018): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35568/abdimas.v1i2.326.
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MDMC (Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center) is one of the disaster management institutions under the Persyarikatan Muhammadiyah. One of the MDMCs, who were in Pangandaran lacked volunteers from Muhammadiyah's orthomal cadres. This is due to lack of collaboration with orthom and lack of socialization about disasters. Therefore, the author offers a solution to establish collaborative work with all Muhammadiyah orthoms in Pangandaran Regency, conduct outbound activities to increase cooperation, and provide socialization about disasters. The community service activities included material on disaster socialization in Pangandaran, exploring the potential and disadvantages of each organization, the importance of cooperation and communication both internally and externally on the organization, and vertical rescue training to add new insights and energy about one of the skills needed by disaster volunteers . This community service provides a positive impact on MDMC members. Collaboration built in institutions motivates members to collaborate with other organizations and fosters new enthusiasm and ideas for collaborating in humanitarian activities, especially related to the disaster in Pangandaran.
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Ekawati, Kharisma Aprilia. "Implementation of Online Learning in Elementary School Students Due To The Covid-19 Pandemic." Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHEs): Conference Series 3, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/shes.v3i4.54436.
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<p><em>Educators must be able to adapt learning activities to any circumstances. Including in a pandemic situation like this, educators must be able to arrange fun online learning for students. The objectives of this study are (1) to describe the Covid-19 pandemic (2) to describe the concept of online learning (3) the objectives and benefits of online learning (4) the advantages and disadvantages of online learning (5) the barriers to online learning (6) the impact of online learning on students. The results of this study are the implementation of online learning for elementary school students can run well if there is cooperation between teachers, students and parents. Online learning has many challenges and obstacles that can be overcome with good cooperation between teachers and parents, an agreement is established on the learning method to be used. As a professional teacher, you must be able to arrange online learning that is fun and not boring.</em></p>
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Dzhuruk, Nataliia. "FINTECH AND COMMERCIAL BANKS: COMPETITION AND OPPORTUNITIES OF COOPERATION." Economic Analysis, no. 30(1, Part 1) (2020): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.01.217.
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Introduction. Recent fundamental changes have taken place in all spheres of society, primarily related to the development of technology. The financial sector is no exception: every year both consumers of financial products and services and their producers are more and more committed to the introduction of new technologies. The pioneers of these changes are FinTech companies, which have managed to achieve significant development over the last decade, and which continue to grow. Traditional financial intermediaries are beginning to be wary of their market shares and see FinTech companies as new competitors. However, it is thanks to them that the financial market can reach a new level, and if their efforts are combined with the knowledge and experience of commercial banks - titans of financial intermediation, a number of benefits for them and for the financial system as a whole will be got. Purpose. The article aims to research the reasons for the rapid development of FinTech companies, possible ways of cooperation between them and commercial banks and the benefits that financial markets will receive from these associations. Method (methodology). General scientific research methods, such as analysis, synthesis and deduction, methods of theoretical substantiation, statistical analysis, comparison, abstract-logical, graphical and tabular methods were used. Results. The article describes the main advantages and disadvantages of FinTech companies compared to commercial banks, which are, on the one hand, their innovation, adaptability and speed of response to environmental change, and, on the other hand, the presence of additional risks. According to this, the prospects of cooperation between FinTech companies and commercial banks and the benefits that will be received by all financial market participants were considered. The article also outlines what activities banks and FinTech companies will engage in as part of such cooperation and what stages they will need to go through to achieve maximum results.
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Walker, David, and Thomas Abt. "Föderaler Vollzug der Schweizer Waldpolitik – ein Erfolgsmodell?" Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 171, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2020.0019.
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Federal implementation of Swiss forest policy – a success story? Forest policy is considered a joint responsibility between the Confederation and the cantons. The Federal Constitution lays the foundations for the cooperation between the two levels (sovereignty of the cantons, subsidiarity, cooperation based on partnership). Vertical and horizontal institutions have emerged for the necessary processes of exchange in the federal system. In the context of the implementation of the new system of financial equalisation and allocation of tasks between the Confederation and the cantons (NFA), the joint responsibility for forest policy is regularly called into question. Forest policy can be used as an example to show what the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of implementation in a federal system are. From the point of view of forest policy actors, federal implementation can certainly be described as a successful model. However, the model has potential for improvement. First, the involvement of the cantons in federal processes can be optimised. Second, the positive aspects should be put into perspective because certain forest policy goals have not been achieved for decades.
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Tihacek-Sojic, Ljiljana, Ivica Stancic, Aleksandra Jelenkovic, and Aleksandra Milic-Lemic. "The possibilities of prosthetic rehabilitation of shortened dental arches in elderly patients." Serbian Dental Journal 55, no. 4 (2008): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs0804238t.
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Introduction. Functional consequences of posterior tooth loss are multiple; late and inadequate rehabilitation lead to further collapse of stomatognathic system, which is especially distinct in elderly population. Aim of this paper is to present advantages and disadvantages of different modalities of prosthetic treatment of shortened dental arch in elderly patients. Treatment with overdentures are convenient in this population because it is non-invasive and reversible. Periodontal problems and root caries are main complications of this treatment, but denture relaying after extraction and easy conversion into complete dentures facilitate resolving this complications. Removable partial dentures are one of the mostly indicated treatments for shortened dental arch. They improve masticatory efficiency, but disadvantages are in inferior aesthetic characteristics and comfort. Mechanical failures can be avoid by detailed analyze and correct planning. Treatment of shortened dental arch with fixed partial denture with distal extension can be very convenient solution for elderly patient. Osseointegration process and implant treatment promises every day more in prosthetic rehabilitation of elderly. Relayed prosthetic rehabilitation is recommended, not because of longer process of ossteointegration, but because of delayed recovery of soft tissues and general health condition of elderly. Conclusion. Each of before mentioned therapy modalities have its advantages and disadvantages in meaning of technical procedure, duration in function, possible complications and patient's comfort and satisfaction. In elderly patients, possible complications are more complex; therefore treatment must be done quickly, efficiently, and having in mind patient's general and oral health condition, level of cooperation and economic status.
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COHEN, I., I. GOLDING, Y. KOZLOVSKY, E. BEN-JACOB, and I. G. RON. "CONTINUOUS AND DISCRETE MODELS OF COOPERATION IN COMPLEX BACTERIAL COLONIES." Fractals 07, no. 03 (September 1999): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x99000244.
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In this paper, we study the effect of discreteness on various models for patterning in bacterial colonies (finite-size effect) and present two types of models to describe the growth of the bacterial colonies. The first model presented is the Communicating Walkers model (CWm), a hybrid model composed of both continuous fields and discrete entities — walkers, which are coarse-graining of the bacteria; coarse-graining may amplify the discreteness inherent to the biological system. Models of the second type are systems of reaction diffusion equations, where the branching of the pattern is due to non-constant diffusion coefficient of the bacterial field. The diffusion coefficient represents the effect of self-generated lubrication fluid on the bacterial movement. The representation of bacteria by a density field neglects their discreteness altogether. We implement the discreteness of the bacteria by introducing a cutoff in the growth term at low bacterial densities. We demonstrate that the cutoff does not improve the models in any way. The cutoff affects the dynamics by decreasing the effective surface tension of the front, making it more sensitive to anisotropy and decreasing the fractal dimension of the evolving patterns. We compare the continuous and semi-discrete models by introducing food chemotaxis and repulsive chemotactic signaling into the models. We find that the growth dynamics of the CWm and the growth dynamics of the Non-Linear Diffusion model (one of the continuous models) are affected in the same manner. From such similarities and from the insensitivity of the CWm to implicit anisotropy, we conclude that even the increased discreteness, introduced by the coarse-graining of the walkers, is small enough to be neglected. There are advantages and disadvantages to the two types of models. Employing both of them in parallel enables us to conclude that the discreteness of the bacteria does not significantly affect the growth dynamics (no finite-size effect).
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Cankar, Stanka Setnikar, and Veronika Petkovsek. "The Reduction Of Administrative Burdens And Its Impact On The Competitiveness Of Business." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 10, no. 11 (October 27, 2011): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v10i11.6407.
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This paper focuses on the reduction of administrative burdens in Slovenia and how these actions can influence the competitiveness of business. The aim of the paper is to study and analyse the current situation in the field of Slovenian regulations and the disadvantages of the regulations for businesses, to study the possibilities for reducing administrative burdens in Slovenia and to analyse the influence of cross-border cooperation on the reduction of administrative burdens. The paper first describes the regulations and their impact on the competitiveness of business using the data from different international studies that include business environment and competitiveness and by using the results of the research carried out in Slovenia on defining the most burdensome areas of legislation. The paper continues by discussing the reduction of administrative burdens, where the Programme for the Elimination of Administrative Barriers and the Reduction of Administrative Burdens by 25% by 2012 is introduced. The third part of the paper describes the possible connection between the reduction of administrative burdens and cross-border cooperation by introducing the results of a cross-national empirical survey of the current situation and future potentials of cross-border cooperation in the Alps-Adriatic region. At the end, the paper gives some conclusions on the reduction of administrative burdens and the resulting impact on business competitiveness in Slovenia.
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Ajdarpašić, Suada, Rialda Muharemi, and Edonis Buxhovi. "THE ROLE OF COOPERATION AND TEAMWORK BETWEEN PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT NATIONALITIES IN TRANSITION COUNTRIES." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 6, no. 1 (April 2016): 88–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.041612.
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A topic that tells a lot about us as human beings, about our abilities and virtues is the fact that shows and explains how much we are able to work together and make collective decisions in the operating process. How much people are willing to cooperate, plan, organize, coordinate, manage and control the situation, depends on many factors. In continuation of my work, I will explain how much people are willing to provide the support to their colleagues, friends and random people in teamwork when making decisions on a specific field, and also the cooperation process between the people on many stages in transition countries. This work comes down to personal study, where, I have based on the questionnaire dedicated to the students, academic and administrative staff at the different Universities and Secondary schools of Kosovo. What is their general perception about cooperation and teamwork, its quality, advantages and disadvantages, its reflection on success or failure, the significance of individual and collective decisions, current and future application of, friendships with other ethnicity, and many other issues, it is stated in the further work. According to the data collected it can be said that the interviewed people are familiar in a large % with the process of cooperation, whether in a small group but also in a large group. However, why is it applied or not you will read throughout this paper.
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Umarkhanova, Dildora. "Features of video conferencing as forms of mutual legal assistance in criminal matters." Общество и инновации 1, no. 2 (November 18, 2020): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47689/2181-1415-vol1-iss2-pp291-299.
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The article analyzes the features of videoconferencing as a form of mutual legal assistance in criminal cases and the need for its The article analyzes the features of videoconferencing as a form of mutual legal assistance in criminal cases and the need for its use. The author explores the international and national legal framework for using video conferencing tools as innovative technologies. As a result of the study, gaps in the legislation on the use of videoconferences in matters of international cooperation in criminal matters were identified. In addition, the experience, advantages and disadvantages of foreign countries in using this form of mutual legal assistance are considered, and the relevant practice is studied in detail. Current article is enriched with real life examples. As a result, the features of the use of videoconferencing in mutual legal assistance in criminal cases, as well as the consequences and conveniences of using these tools in pandemic situation were identified, and proposals were developed to amend the relevant legislationuse. The author explores the international and national legal framework for using video conferencing tools as innovative technologies. As a result of the study, gaps in the legislation on the use of videoconferences in matters of international cooperation in criminal matters were identified. In addition, the experience, advantages and disadvantages of foreign countries in using this form of mutual legal assistance are considered, and the relevant practice is studied in detail. Current article is enriched with real life examples. As a result, the features of the use of videoconferencing in mutual legal assistance in criminal cases, as well as the consequences and conveniences of using these tools in pandemic situation were identified, and proposals were developed to amend the relevant legislation