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Kingma, Mireille. "International Council of Nurses: Disaster Nursing." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, S1 (June 2008): s4—s5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00024018.
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Gist, Ramon, Pia Daniel, Andrew Grock, Chou-jui Lin, Clarence Bryant, Stephan Kohlhoff, Patricia Roblin, and Bonnie Arquilla. "Use of Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers in a Hospital-based Disaster Exercise." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000297.
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AbstractIntroductionThe Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) is a national network of community-based volunteer groups created in 2002 by the Office of the United States Surgeon General (Rockville, Maryland USA) to augment the nation’s ability to respond to medical and public health emergencies. However, there is little evidence-based literature available to guide hospitals on the optimal use of medical volunteers and hesitancy on the part of hospitals to use them.Hypothesis/ProblemThis study sought to determine how MRC volunteers can be used in hospital-based disasters through their participation in a full-scale exercise.MethodsA full-scale exercise was designed as a “Disaster Olympics,” in which the Emergency Medicine residents were divided into teams tasked with completing one of the following five challenges: victim decontamination, mass casualty/decontamination tent assembly, patient triage and registration during a disaster, point of distribution (POD) site set-up and operation, and infection control management. A surge of patients potentially exposed to avian influenza was the scenario created for the latter three challenges. Some MRC volunteers were assigned clinical roles. These roles included serving as members of the suit support team for victim decontamination, distributing medications at the POD, and managing infection control. Other MRC volunteers functioned as “victim evaluators,” who portrayed the potential avian influenza victims while simultaneously evaluating various aspects of the disaster response. The MRC volunteers provided feedback on their experience and evaluators provided feedback on the performance of the MRC volunteers using evaluation tools.ResultsTwenty-eight (90%) MRC volunteers reported that they worked well with the residents and hospital staff, felt the exercise was useful, and were assigned clearly defined roles. However, only 21 (67%) reported that their qualifications were assessed prior to role assignment. For those MRC members who functioned as “victim evaluators,” nine identified errors in aspects of the care they received and the disaster response. Of those who evaluated the MRC, nine (90%) felt that the MRC worked well with the residents and hospital staff. Ten (100%) of these evaluators recommended that MRC volunteers participate in future disaster exercises.ConclusionThrough use of a full-scale exercise, this study was able to identify roles for MRC volunteers in a hospital-based disaster. This study also found MRC volunteers to be uniquely qualified to serve as “victim evaluators” in a hospital-based disaster exercise.GistR, DanielP, GrockA, LinC, BryantC, KohlhoffS, RoblinP, ArquillaB. Use of Medical Reserve Corps volunteers in a hospital-based disaster exercise. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(3):259–262.
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King, Heather C., Natalie Spritzer, and Nahla Al-Azzeh. "Perceived Knowledge, Skills, and Preparedness for Disaster Management Among Military Health Care Personnel." Military Medicine 184, no. 9-10 (March 16, 2019): e548-e554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz038.
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Abstract Introduction The Indo-Asia-Pacific region has the highest incidence of natural disasters world-wide. Since 2000, approximately 1.6 billion people in this region have been affected by earthquakes, volcanos, tsunamis, typhoons, cyclones, and large-scale floods. The aftermath of disasters can quickly overwhelm available resources, resulting in loss of basic infrastructure, shelter, health care, food and water, and ultimately, loss of life. Over the last 12 years, US military forces have collaborated with countries throughout the Indo-Asia-Pacific region to enhance disaster preparedness and management during shipboard global health engagement missions. Military health care personnel are integral in this effort and have planned subject-matter expert exchanges, multidisciplinary conferences, courses, and hyper realistic simulated military-to-military training exercises related to disaster preparedness. Military health care providers are essential not only to providing international education and training, but also to ensuring optimal readiness to respond to future disasters in the Indo-Asia-Pacific region and worldwide. The ability to effectively respond to disasters and collaborate with other nations promotes international stability. Yet, few studies have examined disaster preparedness among US military health care personnel. This study aimed to assess knowledge, skills, and preparedness for disaster management among US military health care personnel preparing to deploy on a global health engagement mission. Materials and Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study utilizing the Disaster Preparedness Evaluation Tool (DPET) examined self-reported perceptions of disaster preparedness among US military health care personnel preparing to deploy on a shipboard global health engagement mission. The DPET assessed perceived knowledge of disaster preparedness, disaster mitigation and response, and disaster recovery. Three hundred Hospital Corpsmen/Medics and officers in the Nurse Corps, Medical Corps, Medical Service Corps, and Dental Corps were invited to participate. One hundred fifty-four surveys were completed (response rate, 51%). Nineteen surveys were excluded from the analysis due to incomplete responses. Participants rated responses to 46 Likert items (scale of 1–6) and responded to 23 descriptive items. The study protocol was approved by the Naval Medical Center San Diego Institutional Review Board, protocol number NMCSD.2017.0061, in compliance with all applicable federal regulations governing the protection of human subject research. Results All item mean scores on each of the three DPET subscales resulted in moderate levels of perceived disaster preparedness among military healthcare personnel (disaster preparedness means ranged from 3.04 to 4.67, disaster response means ranged from 3.76 to 4.29, and disaster recovery means ranged from 3.47 to 4.29). The final regression model had 6 significant variables that predicted DPET scores: previous disaster drills (p = 0.00), experiencing a real disaster (p = 0.002), bioterrorism training (p = 0.02), education level (p = 0.025), years in specialty (p = 0.019), and previous global health engagement missions (p = 0.016), with R2 = 0.39, R2adj = 0.36, F (7, 127) = 12.04. Conclusions Disaster preparedness among military healthcare personnel could be improved to function optimally for future global health engagement missions. This study expands current understandings of disaster preparedness among US military health care providers and identifies ways to improve and enhance training.
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Acosta, Joie, Vivian Towe, Anita Chandra, and Ramya Chari. "Youth Resilience Corps: An Innovative Model to Engage Youth in Building Disaster Resilience." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 1 (October 20, 2015): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.132.
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AbstractObjectiveDespite the growing awareness that youth are not just passive victims of disaster but can contribute to a community’s disaster resilience, there have been limited efforts to formally engage youth in strengthening community resilience. The purpose of this brief report was to describe the development of a Youth Resilience Corps, or YRC (ie, a set of tools to engage young people in youth-led community resilience activities) and the findings from a small-scale pilot test.MethodsThe YRC was developed with input from a range of government and nongovernmental stakeholders. We conducted a pilot test with youth in Washington, DC, during summer 2014. Semi-structured focus groups with staff and youth surveys were used to obtain feedback on the YRC tools and to assess what participants learned.ResultsFocus groups and youth surveys suggested that the youth understood resilience concepts, and that most youth enjoyed and learned from the components.ConclusionsThe YRC represent an important first step toward engaging youth in building disaster resilience, rather than just focusing on this group as a vulnerable population in need of special attention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:47–50)
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Hutton, Alison, Tener Goodwin Veenema, and Kristine Gebbie. "Review of the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 6 (September 20, 2016): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1600100x.
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AbstractThe International Council of Nurses (ICN; Geneva, Switzerland) and the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM; Madison, Wisconsin USA) joined together in 2014 to review the use of the ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies. The existing ICN Framework (version 1.10; dated 2009) formed the starting point for this review. The key target audiences for this process were members of the disaster nursing community concerned with pre-service education for professional nursing and the continuing education of practicing professional nurses. To minimize risk in the disaster nursing practice, competencies have been identified as the foundation of evidence-based practice and standard development. A Steering Committee was established by the WADEM Nursing Section to discuss how to initiate a review of the ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies. The Steering Committee then worked via email to develop a survey to send out to disaster/emergency groups that may have nurse members who work/respond in disasters. Thirty-five invitations were sent out with 20 responses (57%) received. Ninety-five percent of respondents knew of the ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies, with the majority accessing these competencies via the Internet. The majority of those who responded said that they make use of the ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies with the most common use being for educational purposes. Education was done at a local, national, and international level. The competencies were held in high esteem and valued by these organizations as the cornerstone of their disaster education, and also were used for the continued professional development of disaster nursing. However, respondents stated that five years on from their development, the competencies also should include the psychosocial elements of nurses caring for themselves and their colleagues. Additionally, further studies should explore if there are other areas related to the disaster nursing practice (in addition to psychosocial concerns) that may be missing or not fully developed. Finally, the authors of this report recommend that future research explore how the ICN Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies do or do not assist in maintaining best practices in this field and improve outcomes for victims of disaster.HuttonA, VeenemaTG, GebbieK. Review of the International Council of Nurses (ICN) Framework of Disaster Nursing Competencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):680–683.
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Pong, Jeremy, Jasmine Lim, Stella Wu, Anthony Li, Xiang Yi Wong, Laura Tsang, and R. Ponampalam. "Improving Emergency Department Surge Capacity in Disasters - Conception of a Medical Student Disaster Volunteer Corps." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001754.
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Introduction:Civil emergencies occurring with little warning can quickly produce mass casualties. To develop an Emergency Department’s surge capacity, medical student involvement in the disaster response has been advocated. Duke-NUS Medical School in Singapore is located in proximity to Singapore General Hospital (SGH) and represents an untapped manpower resource. With appropriate training, medical students can be leveraged upon as ready and reasonably qualified manpower.Aim:This review provides a snapshot of the conceptualization and setting up of the Disaster Volunteer Corps (DVC) program. We discuss the overall strategy and benefits to stakeholders, emphasizing the close symbiotic relationship between academia and healthcare services.Methods:Duke-NUS medical students will be recruited to receive training from SGH emergency physicians. The frequency of training will be four times yearly, with ad hoc participation in disaster simulation exercises. A call-tree will be employed for DVC activation. The DVC curriculum includes disaster response principles, HAZMAT, crowd control, marshaling, logistics, psychological support, and basic first aid. Teaching methods include didactic lectures, case discussions, involvement in event medical cover, and participation in disaster simulation exercises and response planning.Results:To date, there are 10 medical students and four emergency physician faculty volunteers involved in the program. Support is provided by adjunct instructors from nursing, nuclear medicine, social work, and security, for training in decontamination, radiological disasters, psychological first aid, and crowd control measures respectively. Assessment by faculty will be conducted to ensure the quality of training and competency of skills.Discussion:The DVC provides a unique way of teaching medical students disaster medicine principles in a hands-on experiential format, while simultaneously enhancing the operational readiness of the hospital in times of disaster. This model of close collaboration between university educational and healthcare services provides a feasible model of structured volunteerism that could be replicated in other similar settings.
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Koresawa, Atsushi. "Main Features of Government’s Initial Response to the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami." Journal of Disaster Research 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2012.p0107.
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This paper reviews approximately the first nine months of the Japanese Government’s response to the March 11, 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami that hit the Pacific coast of Northeastern Japan and devastated many coastal communities. By examining various forms of governmentwide initiatives i.e., the Extreme Disaster Management Headquarters, the Reconstruction Design Council, the Headquarters for Reconstruction, the Reconstruction Agency and the Central Disaster Management Council, this paper tries to clarify the specific functions and main achievements of those institutions It also highlights the main features of the Japanese Government’s disaster response and underlies major changes from past practices due to the unprecedented scale and nature of the disaster.
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Gregory, Geoff. "Natural disaster." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 31, no. 2 (June 30, 1998): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.31.2.122-127.
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The theme of the seminar, panel discussion and open forum, organised by the EQC and the Insurance Council, was Natural Disaster: Finding, managing, and sharing people and information. Emphasis was placed on the recovery and reconstruction phases, beginning about 10 days after the disaster occurred. To provide a focus for discussion, the scenario chosen was the Great Wellington Earthquake, for which fairly detailed modelling has been done, most notably for the Wellington after the Quake Conference, 1995. (1) The seminar was, in fact, a follow-up to that conference, at which various recommendations for action had been made, such as:
raising public awareness o f the recovery aspects of disasters;
planning for rebuilding, restoration, or relocation in advance of the disaster occurring so that the stress of immediacy and its effects on decision making are reduced;
ensuring that homeowners, the insurance and building industries, and owners of businesses and buildings have procedures in place to improve the effectiveness of efforts to restore normalcy to disaster-affected areas.(2)
The seminar was attended by about 100 participants, representing the insurance industry, territorial local authorities, emergency management/civil defence organisations (both local and central), the building industry, the engineering industry and professional engineering societies, and research organisations.
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Whitehead, Judith. "Anatomy of a disaster." Focaal 2007, no. 49 (June 1, 2007): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/foc.2007.490107.
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This article discusses the networked forms of governance that have arisen as part of roll-out neo-liberal policies in Mumbai, India, focusing on the flood of 26 July 2005 and its aftermath. The municipal government's inaction during and after the flood is attributed to the decentralization of governance, as well as to cutbacks to public health and basic services in recent years. The rise of competitive urbanism as a part of roll-out neo-liberalism is analyzed as producing gaps in disaster management planning and implementation. The article concludes with a call for a refinanced state and a centralization of municipal bodies under a unified municipal council, seen as necessary to provide the professionalized services required during large-scale emergencies such as floods.
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Birkemeier, William, Linda Lillycrop, Robert Jensen, and Charley Chesnutt. "The Importance of Coastal Observations to Activities of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers." Marine Technology Society Journal 44, no. 6 (November 1, 2010): 42–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.44.6.11.
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AbstractThe U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) is a project-oriented agency with multiple national missions under its Civil Works program including navigation, hydropower, flood risk management, ecosystem restoration, water supply, regulatory authority for wetlands and U.S. waters, recreation, and disaster preparedness and response. The Corps ocean and coastal activities revolve around the design, construction, and maintenance of specific projects such as channel dredging, coastal protection, beach nourishment, and harbor construction, all requiring research, modeling, and observations. Several Corps activities contribute ocean observations to the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS®) and have requirements for existing or planned IOOS observations. Collected observations include long-term coastal wave climate, water levels, and coastal mapping data information. These provide project-specific and regional data that are used to develop and verify numerical models which are extensively used in project design and to evaluate project costs, benefits, and associated risk. An overview of the Corps coastal activities, data collection, and modeling programs is provided along with information regarding how IOOS coastal and ocean data are being used by the Corps.
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Chandra, Anita, Jee Kim, Huibrie C. Pieters, Jennifer Tang, Michael McCreary, Merritt Schreiber, and Kenneth Wells. "Implementing Psychological First-Aid Training for Medical Reserve Corps Volunteers." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, no. 1 (February 2014): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2013.112.
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AbstractObjectiveWe assessed the feasibility and impact on knowledge, attitudes, and reported practices of psychological first-aid (PFA) training in a sample of Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) members. Data have been limited on the uptake of PFA training in surge responders (eg, MRC) who are critical to community response.MethodsOur mixed-methods approach involved self-administered pre- and post-training surveys and within-training focus group discussions of 76 MRC members attending a PFA training and train-the-trainer workshop. Listen, protect, connect (a PFA model for lay persons) focuses on listening and understanding both verbal and nonverbal cues; protecting the individual by determining realistic ways to help while providing reassurance; and connecting the individual with resources in the community.ResultsFrom pre- to post-training, perceived confidence and capability in using PFA after an emergency or disaster increased from 71% to 90% (P < .01), but no significant increase was found in PFA-related knowledge. Qualitative analyses suggest that knowledge and intentions to use PFA increased with training. Brief training was feasible, and while results were modest, the PFA training resulted in greater reported confidence and perceived capability in addressing psychological distress of persons affected by public health threats.ConclusionPFA training is a promising approach to improve surge responder confidence and competency in addressing postdisaster needs. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-6)
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Kaiser, Heather E., Daniel J. Barnett, Awori J. Hayanga, Meghan E. Brown, and Andrew T. Filak. "Medical Students' Participation in the 2009 Novel H1N1 Influenza Vaccination Administration: Policy Alternatives for Effective Student Utilization to Enhance Surge Capacity in Disasters." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, no. 2 (June 2011): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.33.
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ABSTRACTAs cases of 2009 novel H1N1 influenza became prevalent in Cincinnati, Ohio, Hamilton County Public Health called upon the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine to enhance its surge capacity in vaccination administration. Although the collaboration was well organized, it became evident that a system should exist for medical students' involvement in disaster response and recovery efforts in advance of a disaster. Therefore, 5 policy alternatives for effective utilization of medical students in disaster-response efforts have been examined: maintaining the status quo, enhancing the Medical Reserve Corps, creating medical school–based disaster-response units, using students within another selected disaster-response organization, or devising an entirely new plan for medical students' utilization. The intent of presenting these policy alternatives is to foster a policy dialogue around creating a more formalized approach for integrating medical students into disaster surge capacity–enhancement strategies. Using medical students to supplement the current and future workforce may help substantially in achieving goals related to workforce requirements. Discussions will be necessary to translate policy into practice.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2011;5:150–153)
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Naor, PhD, Michael, Samuel N. Heyman, MD, Tarif Bader, MD, MHA, and Ofer Merin, MD, MHA. "Deployment of field hospitals to disaster regions: Insights from ten medical relief operations spanning three decades." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 12, no. 4 (October 1, 2017): 243–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2017.0277.
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Objective: The Israeli Defense Force (IDF) Medical Corps developed a model of airborne field hospital. This model was structured to deal with disaster settings, requiring self-sufficiency, innovation and flexible operative mode in the setup of large margins of uncertainty regarding the disaster environment. The current study is aimed to critically analyze the experience, gathered in ten such missions worldwide.Methods: Interviews with physicians who actively participated in the missions from 1988 until 2015 as chief medical officers combined with literature review of principal medical and auxiliary publications in order to assess and integrate information about the assembly of these missions.Results: A body of knowledge was accumulated over the years by the IDF Medical Corps from deploying numerous relief missions to both natural (earthquake, typhoon, and tsunami), and man-made disasters, occurring in nine countries (Armenia, Rwanda, Kosovo, Turkey, India, Haiti, Japan, Philippines, and Nepal). This study shows an evolutionary pattern with improvements implemented from one mission to the other, with special adaptations (creativity and improvisation) to accommodate logistics barriers.Conclusion: The principals and operative function for deploying medical relief system, proposed over 20 years ago, were challenged and validated in the subsequent missions of IDF outlined in the current study. These principals, with the advantage of the military infrastructure and the expertise of drafted civilian medical professionals enable the rapid assembly and allocation of highly competent medical facilities in disaster settings. This structure model is to large extent self-sufficient with a substantial operative flexibility that permits early deployment upon request while the disaster assessment and definition of needs are preliminary.
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Donini-Lenhoff, Fred G., Paul H. Rockey, Patricia M. Surdyk, Jeanne K. Heard, and Thomas A. Blackwell. "Emergency Preparedness for Residency/Fellowship Programs: Lessons Learned During Hurricane Katrina and Applied During Hurricane Ike." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, S1 (September 2010): S71—S74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.13.
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ABSTRACTWhen it struck the US Gulf Coast in 2005, Hurricane Katrina severely disrupted many graduate medical education residency/fellowship programs in the region and the training of hundreds of residents/fellows. Despite the work of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in responding to this natural disaster and facilitating communication and transfer of residents/fellows to other unaffected training programs, the storm exposed the gaps in the existing system. Subsequently, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, with the aid of its member organizations, including the American Medical Association, developed a new disaster recovery plan to allow for a more rapid, effective response to future catastrophic events. These policies were instrumental in the rapid relocation of 597 residents/fellows from the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston after the landfall of Hurricane Ike in September 2008. As a further accommodation to affected trainees, medical certification boards should be as flexible as possible in waiving continuity requirements in the event of a disaster that affects residency/fellowship programs.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S71-S74)
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Qureshi, Kristine, Robyn M. Gershon, and Francisco Conde. "Factors that Influence Medical Reserve Corps Recruitment." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, S1 (June 2008): s27—s34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00024067.
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AbstractThe Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) is a key strategy used in the United States to assure an adequate surge capacity healthcare workforce for response to disasters. A survey of Hawaiian healthcare providers (n = 1,057) was conducted to identify factors that influence interest, ability, and willingness to join the MRC; 468 (44.3%) healthcare providers responded. Overall, females were more likely to demonstrate an interest in joining the MRC, while physicians and dentists reported lower levels of ability and willingness, in addition to a lower level of interest in joining the MRC than the other professional groups. The most important motivating factor in joining the MRC was altruism and the ability to help one's own community. Respondents reported a number of factors that would influence their decision to join or remain a MRC member. These included: (1) time commitment required; (2) MRC organization and management; (3) provision of MRC-sponsored training or education sessions and continuing education credits; (4) concerns regarding the safety of family members during a disaster; (5) professional liability protection for work performed during MRC operations; and (6) competing personal obligations. Strategies targeting these factors probably will be most effective in recruitment and retention of MRC volunteers as well as members of other public health surge capacity volunteer groups.
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Tan, Erwin, Ventana Harding, Christopher Spera, and Kelly Menzie DeGraff. "Senior Corps—RSVP: Disaster Services and Community Resilience During 2012 Colorado Wildfires: Table 1." Public Policy & Aging Report 26, no. 3 (2016): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ppar/prw011.
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Hart, Paul Dudley. "Mercy Corps in China: Combining Global Experience with Successful Chinese Models." China Nonprofit Review 3, no. 2 (2011): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187651411x615815.
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Abstract Mercy Corps’ collaborative work with Chinese organizations demonstrates an emerging paradigm of global humanitarian partnership where a connection between regional wisdom and international expertise is applied to address local poverty. Mercy Corps, a global relief and development agency known for innovative programming, implements disaster management capacity building projects, migrant youth trainings, exchange programs, and young leader development activities in China through partnerships with institutions and NPOs including the China Foundation for Poverty Alleviation and the All China Youth Federation. These joint activities have illustrated how much organizations like Mercy Corps can learn from the Chinese approach to development, which has been inspired and made possible by enormous Chinese-led efforts toward poverty alleviation over the past three decades and also supported by the emergence of socially innovative ideas and leaders. Through these partnerships, Mercy Corps’ deep level of global technical expertise and track record of impact-focused programming has served as a necessary ingredient to further support and enhance China’s development goals. This article explores the history and values of Mercy Corps’ work in China; China’s unique perspective and influence as a humanitarian development player; and the opportunity that international NPOs have to work with China to jointly address the most urgent humanitarian challenges around the world.
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Hanashima, Makoto, Ryota Sato, and Yuichiro Usuda. "The Standardized Disaster-Information Products for Disaster Management: Concept and Formulation." Journal of Disaster Research 12, no. 5 (September 27, 2017): 1015–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2017.p1015.
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The purpose of this paper is to consider the essential concept by which to formulate standardized information that supports effective disaster response. From the experiences of past disasters, we have learned that disaster response organizations could not work effectively without information sharing. In the context of disaster response, the purpose of “information sharing” is to ensure common recognition of the disaster situation being confronted. During the Kumamoto earthquake, we provided a set of disaster information products to disaster response organizations to support their relief activities. Based on the real disaster response experience, we extracted issues of information sharing between various organizations. To resolve these issues, we discuss the concept of information sharing first, and then consider the quality of information that supports disaster response activities by referring to the information needs of emergency support organizations such as the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT). We also analyze the Basic Disaster Management Plan published by the Central Disaster Management Council and extract a common disaster-information set for governmental organizations. As a result, we define the “Standard Disaster-information Set” (SDS) that covers most disaster response information needs. Based on the SDS, we formulate intermediate information products for disaster response that provide consistent information of best-effort quality, named the “Standardized Disaster-information Products” (SDIP). By utilizing the SDIP, disaster response organizations are able to consolidate the common recognition of disaster situations without consideration of data availability, update timing, reliability, and so on.
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TAJIMA, RYO, TOM GORE, and THOMAS B. FISCHER. "POLICY INTEGRATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 16, no. 03 (September 2014): 1450028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333214500288.
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This paper aims to clarify the potential benefits and challenges of integrating environmental assessment (EA) and disaster management considerations, and current research gaps. In this context, the discussion is provided from three perspectives: (1) the consideration of disaster risk in EA; (2) the development of accelerated EA for post-disaster situations; and (3) the integration of EA into pre-disaster response and recovery planning. For this, a Japanese JSPS (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)/UK ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council) financed UK-Japan project on the integration of environmental assessment (EA) and disaster management was conducted in 2012. It was concluded that whilst EA can be beneficial for disaster management, there are a number of potential pitfalls and an evident lack of research in the area.
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Levoy, Kristin, Summer D. DeBastiani, and Brian E. McCabe. "Evaluation of a Novel Disaster Nursing Education Method." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 12, no. 6 (February 21, 2018): 703–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.150.
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AbstractObjectiveA common method of disaster training is needed to improve disaster nursing education and facilitate better communication among interprofessional disaster responders. To inform the development of disaster nursing curricula, a novel disaster nursing education method consistent with Homeland Security Exercise and Evaluation Program (HSEEP) and the International Council of Nurses (ICN) framework was developed to improve disaster nursing competencies in a baccalaureate nursing program.MethodsIn total, 89 undergraduate nursing students participated. Perceived disaster nursing knowledge, confidence, and training/response were assessed with 14 items before and after the education.ResultsExploratory factor analysis showed 3 factors, knowledge, confidence, and training/response, explained 71% of variation in items. Nursing students showed large improvements in perceived disaster nursing knowledge (t=11.95, P<0.001, Cohen’s d=1.76), moderate increases in perceived confidence (t=4.54, P<0.001, d=0.67), and no change in disaster training and response (t=0.94, P=0.351, d=0.13).ConclusionsResults show preliminary evidence supporting the effectiveness of disaster nursing education informed by HSEEP. This training has the potential to fill current practice gaps in disaster nursing knowledge and build confidence to use those skills in practice. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;12:703-710)
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Sakaguchi, Nao. "POST-DISASTER CITY RECONSTRUCTION EFFORTS AND FISHING VILLAGES TRANSFORMATION: OVER TSUNAMI DISASTER HERITAGES." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 2 (July 11, 2019): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i2.1910.
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The objective of this study is to clarify significance and the value of the disaster remains for suffering residents from social structure. I adopt Yoshikawa’s notion (2007) of post-disaster phases which is based on the analysis by Barton (1969); emergency phase →temporary phase →recovery and reconstruction phase →prevention phase. The study was conducted at AK district in Otsuchi Town, Iwate Prefecture. The data collection methods used were ethnography primarily participation observation and interviews. Participation observation was performed at the district meetings, board member meetings of various resident organizations, and community events held in the district. Interview sessions were conducted to obtain detailed responses from interviewees. The target were 50 people from the community including residents and residents directly affected by tsunami. The interview sessions were held from January 2014 to December 2017. In addition, I collected and referenced materials provided by the town council, documents on regional history, and fishery-related materials. After the disaster of 3.11, opposing opinions regarding tsunami remains became evident between community-based organizations, one of which is the management body of the community historically and the other is a newly emerged group after the disaster through a new leadership. Of these, community-based organization which is a newly emerged group insisted requiem. However, the women’s association was made the purpose which uses the disaster remains as tourist attractions and produced the employment, not requiem. Through this opposition, the unique structure of the fishing village in AK district was revealed.
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Liu, Pei, Tung-Hua Tsai, and Szu-Hsien Peng. "Analysis of the Potential for a Hillside Collapse for a Community in Changhua County, Taiwan." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (November 11, 2019): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6914236.
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To create communities that are resistant to disasters, public disaster prevention and response must be reinforced by promoting disaster prevention and knowledge and technology to ensure an adequate response through public participation. Promoting disaster prevention measures reduces the number of factors in communities that pertain to disasters. Changhua County contains 589 villages, 81 of which are prone to hillsides (including protected forest). In addition to original potential debris flow torrent communities, disaster-resistant communities have been established under the guidance of Soil and Water Conservation Bureau (SWCB), Council of Agriculture in Taiwan; Changhua County Government also plans to establish disaster-resistant communities in other hillside communities. This study proposes an expert questionnaire to determine the potential for a hillside disaster and uses an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and an analytical network process (ANP) to determine the weights of factors that pertain to potential disasters in hillside communities so that these communities can become resistant to disasters.
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Wahyuningsih, Diah, and Suswanta Suswanta. "ANALISIS PENGGUNAAN MEDIA SOSIAL DALAM MITIGASI BENCANA BANJIR DI DKI JAKARTA TAHUN 2020." JPPUMA Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan dan Sosial Politik Universitas Medan Area 9, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jppuma.v9i1.4317.
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This study aims to explain how the use of twitter in disseminating disaster information in order to increase public awareness of natural disasters, namely the twitter account @BPBDJakarta. The research method used is qualitative research with descriptive analysis techniques using Twitter content analysis, one of the government-owned social media accounts using the Nvivo 12 Plus application. In addition, the research also uses data triangulation to obtain the required data. The source is obtained from information from credible online newspapers that have been registered with the press council, so that the information submitted can be justified. The results of this study conclude that the Jakarta Regional Disaster Management Agency's twitter account coordinates all units involved in disaster management. The information posted by BPBD DKI Jakarta on its twitter account is a form of disaster management stages which include pre-disaster (preparedness, early warning and mitigation), during a disaster (emergency response and disaster management), and post-disaster (rehabilitation and reconstruction). The contribution of hastags twitter on the Twitter account of the Jakarta Regional Disaster Management Agency for flood disaster mitigation in this case this Twitter account acts as a government medium to listen to information obtained from # hashtags that often appear on its twitter account.
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McQuoid–Mason, David. "LEGAL AID IN NIGERIA: USING NATIONAL YOUTH SERVICE CORPS PUBLIC DEFENDERS TO EXPAND THE SERVICES OF THE LEGAL AID COUNCIL." Journal of African Law 47, no. 1 (April 2003): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0221855303002001.
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At the National Consultative Forum on Transforming the Administration of Justice System in Nigeria, convened by the Federal Minister of Justice and the Federal Attorney-General in November 2001, it was decided to draft a National Action Plan on Justice Sector Reform in Nigeria and to produce a Justice Vision document. The Ministry of Justice and the Attorney-General's office identified the need to examine ways of (a) upholding the Constitution and the rule of law; (b) promoting justice, fairness and human dignity; and (c) incorporating and expanding community participation in the administration of justice. The Legal Aid Council of Nigeria could contribute to this process by establishing a public defender network using law graduates in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC). It may be possible to use the NYSC scheme to expand dramatically the current level of legal aid in Nigeria by employing the services of NYSC law graduates more extensively as public defenders. In order to consider the feasibility of such a programme the following factors will be considered: (i) the availability of lawyers and law graduates; (ii) the duties imposed by the Nigerian Constitution; (iii) the function of the Legal Aid Council; (iv) the operation of the Legal Aid Council; (v) the provision of legal aid services by the Legal Aid Council; and (vi) the cost of establishing a structured NYSC public defender programme.
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Johnson, J. W. "Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 4 (January 1, 2000): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v4.0.
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This conference was sponsored jointly by the Council on Wave Research and the Technological Institute of Northwestern University, with support also being given by the Western Society of Engineers, The Illinois Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Illinois Institute of Technology. Appreciation is expressed to the Great Lakes Division of the Corps of Engineers for photographs supplies for illustrations in this publication.
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Takara, Kaoru. "Promotion of Interdisciplinary and Transdisciplinary Collaboration in Disaster Risk Reduction." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 7 (December 1, 2018): 1193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1193.
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This paper describes interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary approaches inevitably necessary for effective disaster risk management, introducing examples involving the tsunami hazard map in Sendai, volcanic eruption in Iceland, and river flooding in Thailand. On the basis of the conversations conducted at the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 held at the Science Council of Japan in Tokyo on November 23–25, 2017, this paper summarizes the results of the discussion for further development of these approaches. Some international initiatives are also briefly introduced.
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Callahan, Michael V., and Davidson H. Hamer. "On the medical edge: preparation of expatriates, refugee and disaster relief workers, and Peace Corps volunteers." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 19, no. 1 (March 2005): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2004.10.010.
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A. Santonia JR., Pedro. "NATURAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS OF MACALAYA NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL, CASTILLA, SORSOGONAN ASSESSMENT." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12637.
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This research aimed to determine the preparedness of the students of Macalaya National High School in Castilla, Sorsogon to natural disasters for the school year 2019-2020.The descriptive research was used in the study using the one hundred eighty students of Macalaya National High School as the respondents. A self-made questionnaire and rubrics to describe the level of preparedness. Mean and standard deviation and Pearson r correlation using an alpha level of .05 were used as the statistical tools.The study revealed the following findings. The students of Macalaya National High School preparedness to natural disaster like typhoon has an overall mean of 4.62 and has a standard deviation of 0.626 with a variance of 0.3924 was rated as Very Great Extent. Landslide has an overall mean of 4.63 and has a standard deviation of 0.617 with a variance of 0.3813 was rated as Very Great Extent. Storm surge has an overall mean of 4.61 and has a standard deviation of 0.632 with a variance of 0.3992 was rated as Very Great Extent. Earthquake has an overall mean of 4.62 and has a standard deviation of 0.630 with a variance of 0.3976 was rated as Very Great Extent. The findings show that there is a significant correlation between the level of natural disaster and disaster preparedness of the students of Macalaya National High School at 0.05 level of significance. It shows that the null hypothesis stating that There is no significant correlation between the level of natural disaster and disaster preparedness of the students of Macalaya National High School is rejected. Thus, the alternative hypothesis is accepted. It inferred that there is a significant correlation between them.It was recommended that the School Disaster Risk Reduction Management Council must sustain the preparedness of the school. Constant reminders and promotions about preparedness against natural disaster is a must. Also, training and seminars must be included in the inset of the teachers with the special participation of the students governing council.
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Cherry, Sabrina T., Randall R. Cottrell, and Kerry Whipple. "Evolution of a Stand-Alone Undergraduate Public Health Program and the Inclusion of a Peace Corps Prep Certificate Program." Pedagogy in Health Promotion 5, no. 4 (February 17, 2019): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2373379918824978.
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For over a decade there has been a growing interest in undergraduate public health degree programs and global health careers. To this end, colleges and universities across the United States are training undergraduate students to meet these demands. In 2014, the Council on Education for Public Health began to accredit stand-alone, undergraduate public health programs. This article highlights the steps followed by one university to obtain Council accreditation. Additionally, the authors describe how the university’s Peace Corps Prep Certificate Program has been intertwined with the Public Health Studies curriculum to offer public health students a unique opportunity to fulfill both degree and program requirements, while receiving specialized training in global health.
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Liechtenstein, Stephanie. "The 21st osce Ministerial Council Meeting in Basel." Security and Human Rights 25, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 406–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18750230-02504009.
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This article analyses the outcome of the 21stosce Ministerial Council (mc) meeting, held in Basel, Switzerland, on 4 and 5 December 2014. The larger political context is taken into account, especially the crisis in and around Ukraine and the renewed confrontation between the West and Russia. The article provides an extensive analysis of all adopted decisions in the three security dimensions as well as of a number of draft documents that failed to reach consensus. The main documents that are analyzed include declarations on the Helsinki+40 process and on protracted conflicts, and decisions on countering kidnapping for ransom and terrorist foreign fighters, preventing corruption, improving disaster risk reduction, and on combating violence against women. The article concludes that the Swiss osce Chairmanship helped to reaffirm the osce’s role as the main forum for political dialogue between East and West.
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Zimmermann, Nils, and Jahara Matisek. "A Developmental Role for Militaries in Africa: The Peace Engineering Corps Solution?*." Sicherheit & Frieden 38, no. 2 (2020): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0175-274x-2020-2-112.
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In many African states, the military is one of very few technically capable large institutions. Based on interviews with pan-Africanist intellectuals and security experts, this article shows how a “Peace Engineering Corps” concept could be operationalized by putting suitably trained professional military units to good use for civil-military cooperation and domestic development work. Such PECs would harness the military’s logistical, technical, and administrative capabilities in support of the implementation of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs), providing environmental remediation, civil infrastructure expansion, and natural disaster response services. Western militaries could empower African partner forces in this regard by tailoring security assistance missions towards establishing and developing PEC capabilities, thereby supporting development, peacebuilding, and regional security efforts. We also note the potential for a pan-African civilian uniformed Peace and Development Corps, distinct from military PECs, in peace-building and economic development.
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Shemer, Joshua, Ori Heller, and Jakov Adler. "Lessons from the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps' Experience in the Organization of International Medical Disaster Relief Forces." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 282–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00039649.
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Natural and man-made disasters continue to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Natural disasters include earthquakes, storms such as hurricanes, floods, fires, drought. Man-made disasters include fires, explosions, chemical and radioactive releases, major transportation accidents, terrorism, and war. The effects of disaster include injury, death, damage to infrastructure, environmental exposure, population movement, and increased incidence of communicable diseases.
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Williams, Marsha, Sally Trued, Betty Duggan, and Darrin Pruitt. "Examining New York City Hospitals’ Nonuse of Medical Volunteers in Disasters." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, no. 4 (June 22, 2015): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.78.
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ABSTRACTObjectiveTo describe hospitals’ perceptions of the New York City Medical Reserve Corps (NYC MRC); clarify administrative, legal, and clinical obstacles to the use of NYC MRC volunteers; and identify possible strategies to overcome these barriers.MethodsWe administered an informational questionnaire to 33 NYC hospitals and conducted 2 facilitated discussion groups comprising 62 hospital representatives.ResultsThe most commonly reported hospital barriers to the use of MRC volunteers were concerns about the clinical competence of the volunteers, their lack of familiarity with medical technology used clinically in a hospital setting, and the potential for institutional liability.ConclusionsAlthough the NYC MRC has the potential to assist the health care system in the event of a disaster, NYC hospitals will need clarification of the clinical and legal issues involved in the use of MRC volunteers for patient care. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:391–395)
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Johnson, J. W. "Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 6 (January 29, 2011): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v6.0.
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This conference was sponsored jointly by the Council on Wave Research and the University of Florida The National Science Foundation assisted by making a grant to pay the travel expenses of some of the foreign authors. Appreciation is expressed to the University of Florida Coastal Engineering Laboratory and to the Jacksonville District of the Corps of Engineers for photographs supplied to illustrate the cover and the section title pages of this publication.
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Tamura, Keiko, Irina Rafliana, and Paul Kovacs. "Formalizing the Concept of “Build Back Better” Based on the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 WG4." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 7 (December 1, 2018): 1187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p1187.
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This paper outlines the process of formalizing Priority Action 4, “Build Back Better,” in recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction in Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. We propose this formalization by introducing the background and existing framework of recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction, a case-study of Post-War Japan, and the outcome of discussions implemented in the Global Forum on Science and Technology for Disaster Resilience 2017 held at the Science Council of Japan in Tokyo on November 23–25, 2017. This paper also summarizes the results of discussions regarding further development of Priority Action 4.
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Hamlin, David. "“Dummes Geld”: Money, Grain, and the Occupation of Romania in WWI." Central European History 42, no. 3 (August 24, 2009): 451–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938909990057.
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Romania entered World War I at a difficult moment for the Central Powers. The offensive against Verdun had been an extraordinarily bloody stalemate, one that sapped the officer corps' confidence in the leadership of General Erich von Falkenhayn. In June, Russia launched its great Brusilov offensive, pushing Austria-Hungary to the verge of capitulation. Soon thereafter, the British offensive against the Somme, itself a blood-soaked disaster, nonetheless revealed an astounding Entente advantage in war material. The first part of 1916 had not been kind to the armies of the Dual Alliance.
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Johnson, J. W. "Complete Proceedings - Single PDF Download." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 3 (January 1, 2000): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v3.0.
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This conference was sponsored jointly by the Council on Wave Research and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with support also being given by the Northeastern Section of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Boston Society of Civil Engineers and the Boston Section of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Appreciation is expressed to the New England Division of the Corps of Engineers for photographs supplied to illustrate the cover and the section titles of this publication.
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Smith, Tracey O., Susan D. Baker, Kathryn Roberts, and Skip A. Payne. "Engaging Active Bystanders in Mass Casualty Events and Other Life-Threatening Emergencies: A Pilot Training Course Demonstration." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2016): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.177.
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AbstractEmerging research indicates the critical role members of the public can play in saving lives and reducing morbidity at the scene in the immediate aftermath of a disaster. It is anticipated that with training, more members of the public will be ready and able to assist should they be present at mass casualty events or other circumstances in which there are serious injuries or potential loss of life. This article describes a training course developed by multiple federal and nonfederal partners aimed at preparing the public to become “active bystanders” followed by a pilot demonstration project conducted by Medical Reserve Corps Units. The outcomes of the project indicated that the training was comprehensive and appropriate for members of the public with little or no first aid knowledge. National availability of the “Becoming an Active Bystander” training course is currently being planned. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:286–292).
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Frasca, Dominic R. "The Medical Reserve Corps as Part of the Federal Medical and Public Health Response in Disaster Settings." Biosecurity and Bioterrorism: Biodefense Strategy, Practice, and Science 8, no. 3 (September 2010): 265–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/bsp.2010.0006.
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Keim, Mark. "Managing Disaster-Related Health Risk: A Process for Prevention." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 3 (June 2018): 326–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000419.
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AbstractIn 1994, the first World Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction held in Yokohama, Japan affirmed that “Disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness are better than disaster response in achieving the goals and objectives of the decade. Disaster response alone is not sufficient, as it yields only temporary results in a very high cost.” Since then, disaster risk reduction has become the mainstay for international development related to disasters.According to the National Research Council (Washington, DC USA), “Disaster research, which has focused historically on emergency response and recovery, is incomplete without the simultaneous study of the societal hazards and risks associated with disasters, which includes data on the vulnerability of people living in hazard prone areas.” Despite over 25 years of global policy development, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (Washington, DC USA) recently noted that, “while some disaster management and public health preparedness programming may be viewed as tangentially related, a multi-sectoral and inter-disciplinary national platform for coordination and policy guidance on involving disaster risk reduction in the United States does not exist.” Today, one of the world’s “seven targets in seven years” as agreed upon in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is to substantially reduce global mortality by 2030. Significant reductions in health risk (including mortality) have historically required a comprehensive approach for disease management that includes both a preventive and a curative approach. Disaster risk management has arisen as a primary means for the world’s populations to address disaster losses, including those related to health. Prevention has been proven as an effective approach for managing health risk. This report describes the role of disease prevention in managing health risk due to disasters.KeimM. Managing disaster-related health risk: a process for prevention. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(3):326-334.
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Savoia, Elena, Sarah Massin-Short, Melissa Ann Higdon, Lindsay Tallon, Emmanuel Matechi, and Michael A. Stoto. "A Toolkit to Assess Medical Reserve Corps Units' Performance." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 3 (October 2010): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.17.
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ABSTRACTObjectives: The Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) is a national network of community-based units created to promote the local identification, recruitment, training, and activation of volunteers to assist local health departments in public health activities. This study aimed to develop a toolkit for MRC coordinators to assess and monitor volunteer units' performance and identify barriers limiting volunteerism.Methods: In 2008 and 2009, MRC volunteers asked to participate in influenza clinics were surveyed in 7 different locations throughout the United States. Two survey instruments were used to assess the performance of the volunteers who were able to participate, the specific barriers that prevented some volunteers from participating, and the overall attitudes of those who participated and those who did not. Validity and reliability of the instruments were assessed through the use of factor analysis and Cronbach's alpha.Results: Two survey instruments were developed: the Volunteer Self-Assessment Questionnaire and the Barriers to Volunteering Questionnaire. Data were collected from a total of 1059 subjects, 758 participated in the influenza clinics and 301 were unable to attend. Data from the 2 instruments were determined to be suitable for factor analysis. Factor solutions and inter-item correlations supported the hypothesized domain structure for both survey questionnaires. Results on volunteers' performance were consistent with observations of both local health departments' staff and external observers.Conclusions: The survey instruments developed for this study appear to be valid and reliable means to assess the performance and attitudes of MRC volunteers and barriers to their participation. This study found these instruments to have face and content validity and practicality. MRC coordinators can use these questionnaires to monitor their ability to engage volunteers in public health activities.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:213-219)
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Seekins, Donald M. "Myanmar in 2008: Hardship, Compounded." Asian Survey 49, no. 1 (January 2009): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2009.49.1.166.
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Cyclone Nargis struck Burma's Irrawaddy Delta on May 2––3, 2008, and claimed as many as 140,000 victims, the largest natural disaster in the country's history. However, the State Peace and Development Council proceeded with a referendum on a new constitution on May 10 and 24, which it claimed was approved by an overwhelming majority of voters.
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Doocy, Shannon, Diane Johnson, and Courtland Robinson. "Cash Grants in Humanitarian Assistance: A Nongovernmental Organization Experience in Aceh, Indonesia, Following the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, no. 2 (June 2008): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e318170b5b4.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Historically, cash interventions, as opposed to material or in-kind aid, have been relatively uncommon in the humanitarian response to emergencies. The widespread implementation of cash-based programs following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami provided an opportunity to examine cash distributions following disasters. The Mercy Corps cash grant program in Aceh, Indonesia, was a short-term intervention intended to assist in recompensing losses from the December 2004 tsunami.Methods: An evaluation of the Mercy Corps cash grant program was conducted for the 12-month period following the tsunami using program monitoring data and a systematic survey of cash grant beneficiaries.Results: in 2005, the cash grant program disbursed more than US$3.3 million to more than 53,000 beneficiaries; the average cash grant award was US$6390, which was shared by an average of 108 beneficiaries. In a beneficiary survey, more than 95% of respondents reported the grant allocation processes were fair and transparent and that grant funds were received.Conclusions: The Mercy Corps experience with cash programs suggests that cash interventions in the emergency context, when properly administered, can have an immediate impact and serve as an efficient mechanism for providing assistance. Organizations involved in humanitarian relief, particularly donors and nongovernmental organizations, should consider incorporating cash-based interventions as an element of their response in future emergencies. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:95–103)
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Koh, Howard K., Loris J. Elqura, Christine M. Judge, John P. Jacob, Amy E. Williams, M. Suzanne Crowther, Richard A. Serino, and John M. Auerbach. "Implementing the Cities Readiness Initiative: Lessons Learned From Boston." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 2, no. 1 (March 2008): 40–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e318164f440.
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ABSTRACTThe federally funded Cities Readiness Initiative (CRI) requires seamless federal, state, and local public health coordination to provide antibiotics to an entire city population within 48 hours of an aerosolized release of anthrax. We document practical lessons learned from the development and implementation of the Boston CRI plan. Key themes center on heightened emphasis on security, a new mass protection model of dispensing, neighborhood-centric clinic site selection, online training of Medical Reserve Corps volunteers, and the testing of operations through drills and exercises. Sharing such lessons can build national preparedness. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2008;2:40–49)
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Fernandez, Glenn, and Rajib Shaw. "Youth Council participation in disaster risk reduction in Infanta and Makati, Philippines: A policy review." International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 4, no. 3 (September 2013): 126–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13753-013-0014-x.
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Balcerzak, Michał. "The ‘Acquis’ of the Council of Europe in the Sphere of Disaster Preparedness and Response." Comparative Law Review 25 (December 30, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/clr.2019.004.
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Tun Jamil, Siti Jamiah, Nur Azfahani Ahmad, and Jasrul Jamian Jasiman. "CONNECTING FELDA COMMUNITIES WITH SOLAR ELECTRIFICATION DURING FLOOD DISASTER: THE METHODOLOGY." Malaysian Journal of Sustainable Environment 4, no. 1 (September 30, 2018): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/myse.v4i1.5607.
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The Malaysian Electricity Supply Industry Outlook 2016 has highlighted that Malaysia’s electricity supply infrastructure is among the best in South East Asia. However, upon flood disaster, the national power supply is easily interrupted and electricity cannot be supplied efficiently to the people, especially for the locals in the rural areas. One of the significant groups affected during flood in the rural areas comes from the FELDA communities. These people are usually left vulnerable in a blackout during flood disaster. Therefore, it is significant to have alternative power supply that can be used as a supporting energy relief during the disaster. One of the potential alternatives energy that can supplement electricity during blackout upon flood disaster comes from solar energy. By using solar energy, electricity can be generated and stored ahead of time at the flood relief center. This flood relief strategies is supported by the National Security Council (KMN) and the Ministry of Rural and Regional Development of Malaysia part of the national flood disaster blue print agenda. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the potential of using solar-generated electricity in helping the FELDA communities in the rural area in facing power disruption during flood disaster. The focus will be on presenting the overview of FELDA flood areas in Malaysia and provide discussion on the research methodology obtained to overcome the issue.
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Sushyk, Olha. "Acquis Communautaire in the Field of Nuclear and Radiation Safety and Ukrainian Legislation: Prospects and Challenges of Harmonization." Studia Iuridica 71 (November 20, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.5833.
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Since the Chernobyl disaster, special attention is paid in Ukraine to legislation in the field of nuclear energy and radiation safety. A new stage of enhancing Ukrainian nuclear and radiation safety legislation began with the signing in 2014 of the Association Agreement between the European Union and its Member States, of the one part, and Ukraine, of the other. In addition, the Ordinance of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of 17 September 2014 on the implementation of the Association Agreement on atomic energy between Ukraine from one side and the European Union, the European Community and its member-countries from another side, provided for the development and adoption of new regulations in the energy sector (including nuclear) in order to implement Directives: 1) Council Directive 2014/87/Euratom of 8 July 2014 amending Directive 2009/71/Euratom establishing a Community framework for the nuclear safety of nuclear installations, 2) Council Directive 2006/117/Euratom of 20 November 2006 on the supervision and control of shipments of radioactive waste and spent fuel, 3) Council Directive 2013/59/Euratom of 5 December 2013 laying down basic safety standards for protection against the dangers arising from exposure to ionizing radiation. Implementation of EU legislation in the field of nuclear and radiation safety will reveal major shortcomings of the current state of affairs and, at the same time, mechanisms to improve Ukraine’s national legislation with the aim of preventing another Chernobyl disaster in the future.
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Fannin, Athena, Donald E. Brannen, Melissa Howell, and Shari Martin. "Using Functional Needs and Personal Care Assistance Rather Than Disability Status During Chronic Care Triage in Community Mass Care." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, no. 3 (March 25, 2015): 265–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.21.
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AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate Medical Reserve Corps volunteers and public health workers in conducting chronic care triage by use of a rubric prior to sheltering to connect survivors with services.MethodsParticipants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 algorithms or a control group during a simulated disaster scenario and were asked to rate 20 survivors arriving at a chronic care triage station with situation-appropriate transport services. Survivors were simulated on the basis of the expected disability distributions of mobility, sensory-visual, cognition, medical devices, capacity to perform activities of daily living (ADLs), age (18 to 90 years), weight, and gender expected in the general population but expanded to 90% of those presenting. Mean percentage correct scores were assessed by using one-way analysis of variance.ResultsAccounting for personal care assistance and service methodology during chronic care triage increased efficiency by up to 8% in meeting chronic care health service needs during disaster community mass care management.ConclusionsA chronic care triage process as part of community mass care management that considers the availability of personal care assistance and service methodology will enhance the allocation of functional needs support services and increase compliance with Americans with Disabilities Act requirements regarding not segregating persons because of disability. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:265-274)
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Oakley, F., S. Caswell, and R. Parks. "Occupational Therapists' Role on U.S. Army and U.S. Public Health Service Commissioned Corps Disaster Mental Health Response Teams." American Journal of Occupational Therapy 62, no. 3 (May 1, 2008): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.62.3.361.
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