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Faisal, Saman. "Mental Health Impact of Disasters." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/56.
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It is very important to study the mental health impact of disasters to provide adequate mental health services when there is an increased demand of mental health services and a concurrent deterioration of mental healthcare capacity after disasters. This study examined the mental health impact of 9/11 attacks among the individuals living close to the disaster area and compared them to the individuals living farther from the disaster area. New York (NY) state and Washington DC were selected as the disaster areas and Illinois (IL) was selected to study individuals living farther from the disaster area. The study also assessed the effects of mental health on risky behaviors such as cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption and how they vary based on age, gender and proximity to the disaster. Ten year Behavior Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data from 1996-2005 was obtained for NY, DC and IL. Significant increase in mental distress was observed in NY and DC but not in IL. Increased use of alcohol was found among DC and NY residents but the increase in IL was not significant. Logistic regression showed that increase in alcohol consumption was not associated with mental health. An overall decrease in cigarette smoking was observed and there was no impact of disaster on smoking rates. Mental distress was much higher among the female respondents as compared to the male respondents. Mental distress was highest among 35- 49 year old respondents as compared to other age groups. In future longitudinal studies should be conducted in order to establish the causal relationship of mental health and risk behaviors such as smoking and alcohol consumption after disasters. Most of the interventions regarding post-disaster mental health focus on PTSD but other mental disorders should also be addressed.
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McIntyre, Jody May. "Federal disaster mental health response and compliance with best practices." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/2290.
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Bryan, Cristina E. "Haitian earthquake disaster : investigating news media choice, mental health, and altruism." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1369.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Nelson, Katrina Nicole. "Sri Lankan Widows' Mental Health: Does Type of Spousal Loss Matter?" BYU ScholarsArchive, 2019. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7489.
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This study examined mental health outcomes for widowed Tamil women in Sri Lanka to identify any associations between type of spousal loss and several outcomes, including internalized stigma as a result of widowhood, anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and posttraumatic stress symptoms. A sample of 381 Tamil female widows living in Eastern Sri Lanka were surveyed in 2016 to understand their experiences in a post-disaster and post-war context. Type of spousal loss was separated into seven categories: war-related death, death as a result of tsunami, illness-related deaths, accidental death, suicide, disappearance, and other. Path analysis was used to assess whether type of spousal loss predicts variations in symptom outcomes, controlling for time they have been bereaved, number of children, social problems, and perceived sense of community. The Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989) was used to conceptualize how spousal loss is connected to distress symptoms and to explain the findings. Analysis revealed that the only types of spousal loss which associated with significant variation in symptom distress were spousal loss as a result of accident and "other" causes. Specifically, accidental causes of spousal death were associated with lower levels of depression, and "other" causes of death were associated with lower levels of depression and anxiety as compared to all other causes of death. In addition, the control variables of sense of community and social problems predicted significant variation in symptom distress such that higher levels of sense of community were associated with lower levels of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and social problems were associated with higher levels of all measured types of mental health distress symptoms.
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Blackburn, Nerina June. "Psychologists' perceived influences of early strategies on the psychosocial response to those affected by disasters." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1416.
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Currently some confusion exists as to how health professionals should best respond to the psychological needs of those affected by disasters. Some have argued that early psychological intervention is essential and others have argued that early formal psychological interventions have no useful role in post trauma response. This study highlights the importance of considering both counselling and non-counselling factors as potentially influencing the psychosocial response of disaster victims. Although posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is not the only mental disorder that can develop as a result of exposure to disasters, it is probably the most frequent and debilitating psychological disorder associated with traumatic stress. In this exploratorydescriptive study the researcher aimed to explore and describe psychologists’ perceived influences of early strategies on the psychosocial response to those affected by disaster. The researcher used non-probability snowball sampling to access participants. The sample consisted of 5 participants. Semi structured interviews were conducted. Content analysis was used to analyse the data obtained from interviews. Results that emerged from the data suggest that there are many factors that influence the psychosocial response to those affected by disasters. These factors include the screening process, needs of survivors, the method of choice for treatment, the timing of intervention, pharmacology, the South African context, training and planning. The study makes a contribution to the growing knowledge of early strategies in response to those affected by disasters.
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Yamanouchi, Tomoko. "Factors Associated with Worsened or Improved Mental Health in the Great East Japan Earthquake survivors." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232480.
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Murphy, Lori. "Cultural Perspective on Mental Health and Disaster of Women Affected by the 2010 Mt. Merapi Eruption." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1337367938.
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Murphy, Caitlin Frances. "Post-Disaster Group Art Therapy Treatment for Children." Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School, 2014. https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/etd/55.
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A qualitative research study presents a thorough examination of a group art therapy curriculum for child survivors of disaster or traumatic events. A review of the existing literature was used to inform the current study. The researcher utilized focus group method of inquiry to gain a better understanding of the topic from experts in the art therapy field. Through the gathering of data and analysis, the findings suggest that the curriculum developed to assist child survivors of traumatic events or disasters has intrinsic value and can assist in the recovery process. The focus group provided a means to analyze the curriculum in a critical manner, allowing it to be adjusted and revised for implementation in the future. Drawing on their expertise in working with survivors of disaster or traumatic events, the focus group participants provided valuable feedback used to revise the proposed curriculum. The revised curriculum has the potential to provide safety and containment to encourage integration of the trauma amidst internal and external chaos that a disaster or traumatic event may evoke.
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Heath, Michelle. "Radiation Stigma, Mental Health and Marriage Discrimination: The Social Side-Effects of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12994.
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The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster that occurred in March of 2011 has not only strongly affected the environment and economy in Japan; it has also impacted the social and psychological well-being of the people of Fukushima Prefecture. Radiation stigma was a problem for the survivors of the A-bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and those with mental health issues have occasionally been subject to discrimination and inadequate treatment. These appear to be similar issues facing those affected in Fukushima, according to news articles covering the nuclear disaster. In interviews conducted with Japanese citizens, it appears that although mental health problems do exist among those affected, mental health discrimination was not reported to be a problem. Some reported specific examples of radiation stigma, and many interviewees revealed that marriage discrimination could certainly become a problem in the future, particularly for women exposed to radiation.
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Batool, Kaneez. "IMPACT OF A NATURAL DISASTER ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF A RURAL MAYA COMMUNITY IN THE PHILIPPINES." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/207.
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The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of a natural disaster on the mental health of a rural Maya community in the Philippines. Specifically, the study assessed how an individual’s housing conditions, the household size, and general utilities can have an impact on a person’s mental health.
The study used a quantitative survey design with self-administered questionnaires. Center for Disease Control and Prevention Modified Community Assessment survey was used for this research investigation. A total of 84 participants completed the survey. Participants were asked of their perceptions regarding the habitability of their own homes, the safety of their homes, whether there was mold or water damage, the size of the household, whether the household was harboring guest and the presence of general utilities such as: running water, electricity, garbage pickup, natural gas, sewage service, and cell. Descriptive (e.g. mean and frequency,), chi-squares tests, and t-test were used to analyze the data.
Findings of the study showed that there was a relationship between safety of the home, the presence of mold, water damage, and running water and whether one develops symptoms of anxiety/stress. The study also found a relationship amongst garbage pickup, sewage service and whether one develops symptoms of agitated behavior. Findings of the study suggest a need for advocacy to implement mental health programs as a relief effort to disaster victims.
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Yoder, Matthew. "Evaluation of an Ecological Intervention Targeting Helpers in the Aftermath of Disasters." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28038.
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Ecological interventions hold promise for meeting the needs of post-disaster communities, yet little systematic quantitative evidence is available about such programs. This study evaluated the short-term outcomes of participants in the Strategies for Trauma Awareness and Resilience (STAR) program, a novel and exemplar ecological intervention for helpers working in post-disaster settings. It is a one week training and support program for helpers working in disaster-affected communities. Changes in the psychological distress of 42 STAR participants, across four STAR sessions, were assessed and identified as primary outcome variables. Knowledge, attitude, and intended practice changes were also assessed, along with perceived support, using a pre (T1)/post (T2) design. These indicators were then tested as possible predictors of participantsâ changes in distress. An integrity check was conducted on a sample of the seminar modules to assess fidelity to the program manual. Qualitative data were also gathered from follow up visits conducted with two participants. These data were used to help interpret quantitative findings, as well as to plan for future studies of how STAR effects might extend out from helpers into their home communities.
Results showed that participants exhibited significant changes in knowledge, attitudes, and intended practices from the beginning of the seminar to the end. Results also showed significant decreases in psychological distress over the STAR week. Regression analyses showed that changes in knowledge, attitudes, and practice, as well as perceived social support during the seminar, explained significant amounts of variance in self reported trauma symptoms at T2. Variance in T2 burnout and compassion fatigue explained by these predictors was notable but not statistically significant due to lack of power. Results suggest that STAR can change knowledge and attitudes of helpers from disaster communities and that participants in this program experience decreases in distress during their stay. The lack of a valid comparison group makes causal interpretations of these findings premature. Findings also suggest that changes in distress are not caused by, or even significantly related to, learning that takes place during the STAR week. The mechanism for distress reduction during the STAR week is an unresolved question.
Other significant unresolved questions remain regarding the STAR intervention and ways the present findings can be generalized to ecological interventions more broadly. For example, while the current study suggests important changes occur in helpers during the STAR week, it is of central importance to explore how these changes translate into the disaster-affected home communities. Discussion also focuses on the difficulties involved in conducting systematic research with organizations and helpers whose primary goals are practical or clinical, not scientific. Despite the questions that remain, taken together, results point to the promise of STAR to address the mental health needs of helpers and perhaps eventually disaster communities.Ph. D.
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Roberts, Yvonne Humenay. "Needs Assessment of Youth Affected by Hurricane Katrina." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1212094321.
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Fogo, Wendy Renee. "University Disaster Preparedness: A Network Approach." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1213399877.
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Jayawickrama, Janaka. "Rethinking mental health and wellbeing interventions in disaster and conflict affected communities : case studies from Sri Lanka, Sudan and Malawi." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/355/.
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This thesis examines the traditional knowledge and capabilities that disaster, conflict and unplanned development affected communities utilise to deal with uncertainties and dangers inherent in their lives. The key question is whether a model of individual care, core to the tradition of western disciplines, is appropriate for humanitarian assistance largely delivered to ‘non-western’ countries. The methodology uses both quantitative and qualitative techniques, and moves beyond a conventional science approach. Guided by a broader ontology and epistemology, it engages an evaluative judgement of three project based case studies in Sri Lanka, Sudan and Malawi. These evaluative judgements build on the adapted OECD/DAC criteria of relevance, efficiency, effectiveness and impact. The “lived experiences” of mental health and wellbeing for individuals amongst these communities are then further examined through their personal stories. The outcomes of this process are used to inform a discussion on mainstream interventions and to provide a basis for exploring improved practice in this field. The scope of the study presented here was limited to Sri Lanka, Sudan and Malawi. These countries were selected based on their geographical locations, nature of the disaster, conflict or development problem and most importantly access to communities through Disaster and Development Centre’s (DDC) research work with United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR) and Green Movement of Sri Lanka (GMSL). The researcher trained one colleague each from Sudan, Malawi and Sri Lanka to assist in the translation of Arabic, Swahili, Tamil and tribal dialects. This process was conducted by explaining the objectives of the research, refreshing basic interviewing skills, concepts of translation and addressing the research ethical framework. The findings of the study indicate that most disaster, development and conflict-affected communities are positively dealing with uncertainties and dangers in life without outside‘expert’ help. Although there are evident levels of mental health and wellbeing related issues that are visible to the outside view of a community, the inside view is that there are traditional knowledge systems, religions, cultures, attitudes and values that address uncertainty and dangers in a sophisticated though pragmatic manner. The conclusion of this research process is that suffering through danger and uncertainty is part of human experience; it is an attribute of the human condition. However, disaster and development experts, psychologists, psychiatrists and sociologists are occupied in documenting, describing, analysing and diagnosing risks, vulnerabilities, coping strategies, and post-traumatic stress. Along with the costs of murder, rape, torture, and other forms of human malice, a deeper understanding of mental health and wellbeing in adversity is little understood. This is complicated by the varying nature of events that take place and the variable ways they are experienced by individuals and communities. The onset of uncertainty and danger are sometimes sudden, like the brutal attacks in Western Darfur. At other times they take the form of a continuous reign of suffering like the failed development, disaster reduction and conflict mitigation strategies witnessed in Sri Lanka. Even when suffering is not present in such striking forms, there can be slow deterioration of communities through policies that severely disrupt the lives of people, such as experienced by refugees in Malawi. However, in the middle of the worst circumstances, communities continue to carry on with their livelihood regimes, to celebrate, and to enjoy. This is an achievement beyond everyday life. The thesis findings and conclusions point to the need for collaboration with disaster, conflict and unplanned development affected communities to retrieve their knowledge systems to improve their mental health and wellbeing. This can create new processes to deal with suffering.
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Wilcox, Emily. "One City, Three Disasters: Music Therapists' Culminating Experiences with Disaster Relief in New York City to Meet the Current COVID-19 Pandemic." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1628075936338753.
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Cherrie, Carron C. "Traumatic loss and transformative life experiences : the lived experience of Green Cross traumatologists deployed to the New York City World Trade Center disaster." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001619.
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Del, Fierro Maria Victoria, and Mary Elizabeth Huxster. "REDUCING STRESS AND INCREASING HOPE AMONG TYPHOON YOLANDA SURVIVORS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/137.
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Hundreds of thousands of people are affected by natural disasters every year. Many of these people face mental and emotional consequences from the traumatic experience. Research indicates that the aftereffects of such experiences can result in social, familial, and educational impairments in children. The current study tested the efficacy of a brief cognitive behavioral intervention on elementary school aged children intended to alleviate the mental and emotional consequences following a natural disaster. The study applied quantitative methods through pre and post intervention assessments measuring stress and hope. The participants assessed included 18 Filipino children between the ages of 10-12 years, who had recently been exposed to one of the strongest typhoons in the country’s history. Incorporating a quasi-experimental design, 12 of these participants were given a brief cognitive behavioral intervention based on their parent / caregiver involvement in a supplemental workshop and 6 participants were engaged in facilitated play acting as a comparison group. Results indicated that the cognitive behavioral intervention was effective in reducing stress in children, but had little to no effect on hope. However, facilitated play proved to be effective in raising hope levels, but also raised stress levels in children. An inference may be made that future interventions embodying both cognitive behavioral therapy and facilitated play could increase hope and decrease stress in children who have experienced a natural disaster. Furthermore, these initial findings contribute to seeking advocacy for inclusion of brief and low cost mental health interventions as part of relief efforts.
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Oliveira, Dafne Rosane. "Crianças em situações de riscos e desastres: atenção psicossocial, Saúde mental e direitos humanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-04092018-103504/.
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A ocorrência de diversos tipos de desastres nas últimas décadas tem aumentado a concentração de estudos e pesquisas sobre a atuação profissional no gerenciamento de riscos e na gestão de emergências e desastres. O efeito de um desastre é proporcional à vulnerabilidade tanto do ambiente atingido (que compreende a parte física e humana), quanto da capacidade e recursos do local, dos afetados e das equipes de apoio. De acordo com a Política de Proteção e Defesa Civil, as ações são divididas em cinco etapas: prevenção, mitigação, preparação, resposta e reconstrução. A atuação da Psicologia, nestas situações, pode ser implementada em todas as fases e, embora constitua uma área relativamente recente dentro da Psicologia, a criação de órgãos e eventos no Brasil, bem como a busca por intervenções eficazes fizeram crescer o apelo para seu crescimento. Uma das demandas está ligada às possibilidades de violações de direitos de crianças e adolescentes, tais como violência sexual, negligência, trabalho infantil, práticas de ato infracional e uso de drogas. Existem documentos institucionais e referências científicas que abordam essa temática, ressaltando a importância da Atenção Psicossocial, a qual deve ser oferecida aos afetados, principalmente a populações vulneráveis, como crianças, adolescentes, pessoas com deficiência e idosos. O presente trabalho se constituiu em estudo exploratório, descritivo e explicativo, com uma metodologia etnográfica e qualitativa. O objetivo foi investigar as percepções e perspectivas de profissionais, crianças e responsáveis, sobre os cuidados oferecidos às crianças que vivem em áreas de risco para desastres, especialmente inundações, em um bairro na zona leste da cidade de São Paulo. Foram analisados documentos de referência e a literatura científica sobre crianças em situações de riscos e desastres. Por meio de entrevistas e grupos focais, foi verificada a percepção de crianças afetadas, responsáveis, e profissionais envolvidos no apoio a desastres. Destaca-se que o oferecimento da Atenção Psicossocial, somada aos cuidados em Saúde Mental e a proteção e garantia de Direitos Humanos, constitui cenário providencial para o bem-estar infantil e pleno desenvolvimento físico, cognitivo, social, espiritual e emocional de crianças no contexto de riscos e desastresThe occurrence of several types of disasters in the last decades has increased the concentration of studies and research about the professional performance in the management of risks as well as emergencies and disasters. The effect of a disaster is proportional to the vulnerability either of the affected environment (which includes the physical and human aspects) or the capacity and resources of the place, the affected individuals and the support teams. According to the Protection and Civil Defense Policy, the actions are divided into five stages: prevention, mitigation, preparation, response and reconstruction. The Psychology´s operation in these situations can be implemented in all phases, and although it constitutes a relatively recent area within this field, the creation of organs and events in Brazil and the search for effective interventions have increased the appeal for its growth. One of the demands is linked to the possibilities of children and adolescents´ rights violentions, such as sexual violence, neglect, child labor, practices of infraction and drugs use. There are institutional documents and scientific references that address this issue and raise the importance of the psychosocial support that should be offered to those affected, especially vulnerable populations such as children, adolescents, people with disabilities and the old-aged. The present work constitutes an exploratory, descriptive and explanatory study, with an ethnographic and qualitative methodology. The goal was to investigate the perceptions and perspectives of professionals, children and parents about the care offered to children living in areas at risk of disasters, especially floods, in a neighborhood in the east end of São Paulo city. Reference documents and the scientific literature on children in risks and disasters situation were analyzed. The perception about disasters support were investigated by means of interviews and focus groups. It is noteworthy that the provision of psychosocial support, with care of mental health, plus protection and guarantee of human rights, is a providential scenario for children\'s well-being and complete physical, cognitive, social, spiritual and emotional development of children in the context of risks and disasters
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Honda, Yukiko. "Long-Term Impact of Parental Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms on Mental Health of Their Offspring After the Great East Japan Earthquake." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/245836.
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付記する学位プログラム名: グローバル生存学大学院連携プログラム京都大学
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(社会健康医学)
甲第22151号
社医博第99号
新制||社医||10(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院医学研究科社会健康医学系専攻
(主査)教授 古川 壽亮, 教授 森田 智視, 教授 村井 俊哉
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Public Health
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Harada, Nahoko. "Physical and Psychological Impacts of the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster on Japanese Residents in the United States and Japan: A Comparative Study." Thesis, Boston College, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104363.
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Thesis advisor: Ann W. BurgessBackground: On March 11, 2011, a 9.0-magnitude earthquake hit the islands of Japan. Subsequent tsunami waves occurred as high as 40 meters above sea level and severely destroyed the nuclear plant in Fukushima. While it is known that both natural and manmade disasters impose physical and psychological distress on affected people, the impact on people's health of indirect exposure to a traumatic event has remained to be determined. This study investigates somatic and psychological stress reactions among residents in the United States and Japan to the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster from comparative perspectives. Study design: A secondary analysis of data obtained from the mother study which examined media use and health impact among those living in the United States and Japan at the time of the disaster. Results: Two groups of participants, Japanese Americans (n=297) and Japanese (n=1142), were analyzed. Japanese Americans reported higher psychological and somatic symptoms than their counterpart in Japan. Among Japanese Americans, income, the severity of somatic symptoms, and help seeking behavior predicted 38.2% of the variance in psychological symptoms. Among Japanese, age, income, help seeking behavior, and severity of somatic symptoms predicted 31.9% of the variance in psychological symptoms related to the 311 disaster. Conclusions: It is evident that indirect exposure to a traumatic event occurring in a distant place has significant adverse effects on people's physical and mental health. Therefore, clinical nurses and health care providers, especially in primary care settings, need to acknowledge the importance of screening for psychological distress among ethnic groups when a natural or man-made disaster occurs in their country of origin. Nurses can promote mental health by responding to stress related responses associated with disasters for those both directly and indirectly impacted
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2015
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
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Ott, Kenneth Brad. "The Closure of New Orleans' Charity Hospital After Hurricane Katrina: A Case of Disaster Capitalism." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1472.
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Amidst the worst disaster to impact a major U.S. city in one hundred years, New Orleans’ main trauma and safety net medical center, the Reverend Avery C. Alexander Charity Hospital, was permanently closed. Charity’s administrative operator, Louisiana State University (LSU), ordered an end to its attempted reopening by its workers and U.S. military personnel in the weeks following the August 29, 2005 storm. Drawing upon rigorous review of literature and an exhaustive analysis of primary and secondary data, this case study found that Charity Hospital was closed as a result of disaster capitalism. LSU, backed by Louisiana state officials, took advantage of the mass internal displacement of New Orleans’ populace in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in an attempt to abandon Charity Hospital’s iconic but neglected facility and to supplant its original safety net mission serving the poor and uninsured for its neoliberal transformation to favor LSU’s academic medical enterprise.
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Hammerli, Walt W. Dr. "Risks Factors and Resiliency in Secondary School Students after the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2013. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1633.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill on students of two coastal Louisiana secondary schools. Bronfenbrenner’s (1979) ecological systems theory was used as a framework to understand how exposure, gender, socioeconomic status, and resilience interact to influence the impact of the spill on students. Cross-sectional questionnaires were administered to 155 high school students in May 2012 and 225 middle school students in January 2013 out of 1247 possible for a return rate of about 30%.
Results showed that exposure groups differed significantly on students’ Impact of Event Scale (IES; Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979) scores. Students with high exposure to the oil spill had significantly higher IES scores than those with no exposure and low exposure. Logistic regression results indicated that exposure was a significant predictor of higher IES scores and as exposure increased by 1, students were 1.46 times more likely to experience higher impact. Males were found to have significantly higher IES scores than females, with a low effect size. Students did not differ significantly across resilience levels. In the entire sample, lower-SES students did not score significantly different on IES scores than higher-SES students. However, in the high school significant differences were found between SES groups and SES was a significant predictor of higher IES scores. Implications are provided for counselor educators interested in disaster mental health. Conclusions include suggestions for counselors servicing areas affected by the oil spill and how individual and environmental characteristics of students can influence risk factors.
Keywords: Disaster mental health, crisis intervention counseling, ecological systems theory, BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill, secondary school students, resilience, risk factors
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Bergh, Johannesson Kerstin. "Traumatic Exposure, Bereavement and Recovery among Survivors and Close Relatives after Disasters." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-120200.
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Blawn, Janet L. "Preparing individuals with mental illnesses for disasters| A grant proposal." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1527678.
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Natural disasters and catastrophic events have devastated hundreds of thousands of individuals worldwide. While governmental and disaster relief agencies attempt to respond as quickly as possible, individuals can be cut off from resources and services for extended periods, increasing stress and health complications. Individuals with mental illnesses are even more vulnerable in the aftermath of a disaster when they are cut off from vital medications and therapeutic services. Disaster preparedness promotes resilience and empowers individuals to take personal responsibility for their safety. The purpose of this project was to identify potential funding sources and write a grant proposal that funds the development and implementation of disaster preparedness classes for individuals living in the community with mental illnesses. Actual submission and/or funding of this grant was not a requirement for the successful completion of this project.
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Nilsson, Mikael. "The Hidden Victims of Disasters : Avoiding Stress-Related Disorders among Swedish Relief Workers through Preparedness." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, miljö och teknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-18482.
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Since September 11, 2001, the focus on health among relief workers has become an important issue. The focus on mental health has caught the attention of researchers and as a fairly new research area, there are still many issues that need to be answered. This study evaluates the preparation of relief workers in two Swedish organizations (Swedish Civil Contingency Agency and Swedish Red Cross) by investigating how these preparations contribute in avoiding stress-related disorders among relief workers. The organizations were evaluated by comparing data of preparations, collected from interviews and documents, with a criteria mostly based on Walsh (2009) and scholars from the Antares Foundation Guidelines (2012). Compared to the criteria the organizations' strengths are found in information of the operation with the score 9 out of 10 (which is the fulfillment of the criteria). SRC's weakness is the education of relief workers with the score 6 out of 10. MSB is relatively strong in that category, but weaker in requirements for employment with 2 out of 4 points. However, these weaknesses must not obscure the overall good results for both MSB and SRC. This study establishes that the preparation of relief workers, in two of the most important relief organizations in Sweden, is good. However, further research is necessary to facilitate the creation of generally recognized guidelines for how to prepare relief workers.
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Leighton, Maxinne Rhea. "Arising: Hurricane (Superstorm) Sandy’s Impact on Design/Planning Professionals." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1595157170070376.
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Ellers, Kevin L. Rikli Nancy Wright H. Norman. "A study to determine the effect of an intensive crisis response training program to train participants to provide emotional and spiritual care in disasters." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2008. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p090-0366.
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Thesis (D. Min.)--Denver Seminary, 2008.Includes text of Critical incident stress management (CISM): grief following trauma, 1st ed., by Kevin L. Ellers, Nancy Rikli and H. Norman Wright, c2006. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 385-389, 402-431).
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Urban, Jennifer Danielle. "Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder in police officers following September 11, 2001." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2474.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine what, if any, symptoms of a traumatic stress reaction were still being experienced by police officers, as a result of the events of September 11, 2001, who were geographically distant from the events of that day. Participants included 60 police officers at two southern California law enforcement agencies.
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CHUNG, CHENG-WEI, and 鍾正韋. "Discussion on Disaster Mental Health Mechanism of Disaster Prevention and Protection Policy of ROC." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/f67na9.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國防大學政治作戰學院
政治研究所
105
According to the " All-out Defense Mobilization Readiness Act", it is mainly in the implementation of the mobilization preparation period, and with the " Disaster Prevention and Protection Act" to support disaster prevention and protection work, and disaster management business purpose of the competent authorities for the Executive Yuan Disaster Prevention Office and The Ministry of the Interior to take responsibility for the success or failure of the operations, and serves as the protagonist, while the Ministry of Defense is a supporting role. On the whole, because the normalization of natural disasters cannot be reversed, disaster mental health mechanism is one of the mechanisms to deal with disaster. This thesis is based on the disaster prevention mechanism and the disaster mental health mechanism as the research focus, through the public policy research way, using the literature analysis and the comparative research method to study selected cases. Both the disaster prevention and protection mechanism and disaster psychological health mechanism are the purposes of the Executive Yuan Disaster Prevention Office and the Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Health and Welfare. In order to facilitate the study of this paper, we distinguish between national calamity psychological health mechanism, the military class disaster health mechanism in the analysis. For the national class of disaster psychological health mechanism, we use the 921 earthquake and SARS incident as case studies. We select the 921 earthquake because the disaster gave birth to the " Disaster Prevention and Protection Act "; we choose the SARS incident because our government set up six emergency response center (EOC) after the disaster in 2004. And as follow-up, there emerged the relevant laws and regulations, "Central Epidemic Control Center implementation approach" and "regional emergency medical response center operating methods." For the disaster of the military class of psychological health mechanism, we use the Morak windstorm and the Eight Immortals dust explosion as case studies. When the Morak windstorm occurred, the specific structure and mechanism of disaster mental health have been set up under the name of "Disaster Mental Health Service Plan" approved by the Executive Yuan on August 8, 2005. The reason for the selection of the Eight Immortals dust explosion is that the case was listed as the top 10 disasters affecting people's mental health in 2015. Finally, this paper adopts the concept of results evaluation in public policy assessment, and discusses the impact of disaster psychological health mechanism, and puts forward the findings, review and suggestions, and hopes to contribute to the studies of disaster psychological health mechanism on the national and military levels in terms of theory and practice, allowing all of us to maximize the positive effects in future disaster relief operations.
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Yan, Jiou-en, and 顏久恩. "Research for the military mission of disaster-relief, take mental health work for example." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/737353.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中山大學
高階公共政策碩士班
96
Research for the military mission of disaster-relief, take mental Health work for example Abstract National defense means defense of the national security. No matter in peacetime or wartime, the military mission of protecting the country is to ensure the welfare of the people and the national security under the consensus of civil defense. The motive of this research originates from the experience of the researchers who were actually involved in the disaster mental health work. Based on the aspect, the research deliberates on the problems which the military faces during the time of disaster-relief, and facilitates the positive effect and response of “the civil mobilization”. The purpose of the research is to adapt the military mission and the disaster mental health work, so that those will accord with the transformation of national defense policy and military thought. The text mainly discusses the differences between the real experience and the policy of mental health, and focuses on the valuable experience of the key persons, which collects the opinions from the papers and investigation. In the view of overall considerations and public policy, it researches about the development and meaningful framework of the disaster mental health work and the way which makes the military receiving much better care and multicultural counseling. The results also provide a reference about the research of the military mental health work. “The national defense is not only the combat, but also the honorable career.” Nowadays, the military execute the mission of domestic disaster-relief lawfully. It is not only a kind of social responsibility, but also suits the wishes of the society. The long-term development of disaster mental health work can exhibit the professional value of the modern military. ”To accept and win the traditional or modern war at the same time” is worth the common hopes of the civil. We hope much more that, when the disasters occur and threaten the beautiful island, Taiwan, the military can tell the civil at the first time:” Be relieved, The military are already ready for anything”.
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"Predictors of long-term mental health outcomes among Hurricane Katrina survivors." Tulane University, 2013.
Find full textAbstract:
The stress and trauma exposure associated with disasters can lead to mental health problems. Studies have indicated a high prevalence of mental health problems among Hurricane Katrina survivors, in general, with worse mental health outcomes among survivors located in the New Orleans Metropolitan area as compared to those in other affected areas. Furthermore, in comparison to previous disaster research that typically shows decreases in mental health problems two years following disaster, the Katrina literature indicates continually elevated levels of mental health problems for this time frame. The proposed study examines the long-term mental health outcomes among Hurricane Katrina adult survivors residing in the metropolitan New Orleans area, two years after the storm. Specifically, the present study explores whether evacuation status and other hurricane-related stressors (length of displacement, neighborhood damage, and property damage) are related to symptoms of anxiety, depression, and hostility. The present study advances current knowledge by examining exposure to hurricane-related stressors, a broader range of mental health outcomes, and whether the relationship between the hurricane-related variables and mental health outcomes are moderated by income. The findings suggest that while evacuation status and hurricane-related stressors are not directly related to increased mental health symptoms, evacuation status is related to increased symptoms for those of low-income. Additionally, both age and gender predicted poor mental health outcomes.acase@tulane.edu
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Fincham, Lyda E. "A baseline exploratory study of marriage and family therapists perceived preparedness to work in the disaster mental health field." 2008. http://digital.library.okstate.edu/etd/fincham_okstate_0664m_10135.pdf.
Full text
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Ferreira, Bruna Carolina Lobo. "Gestão da saúde mental em emergências e desastres: estudo etnográfico na Hungria." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/6442.
Full textAbstract:
O gerenciamento de desastres ambientais ocorre a partir de um ciclo de etapas. A
escolha de qual formato deve ser utilizado precisa estar em consonância com aquilo que
é necessidade de cada país. Do ponto de vista da área da saúde mental, como parte
integrante no gerenciamento de desastres, o impacto das emergências e dos desastres
sobre a saúde pode implicar em uma perturbação psicossocial que ultrapassa a
capacidade de resposta da população afetada (Organización Panamericana de la Salud,
2009). Na Hungria, de acordo com a experiência em 2010 no desastre da “Lama
Vermelha”, um dos piores desastres que atingiram cerca de 718 pessoas, os
profissionais da área de saúde mental relataram que encontraram dificuldades no âmbito
das intervenções psicossociais, dentre as quais destacaram: o apoio psicológico não foi
inserido no gerenciamento de crises a médio e longo prazo, falha na comunicação das
intervenções à população, dificuldades para evacuação, fraca coordenação das doações,
falta de protocolos para integração de voluntários, estigma quanto ao papel do psicólogo
e falta de compreensão da relevância de intervenções psicossociais pelas autoridades e
responsáveis pelo gerenciamento do desastre (Komlósi et al., 2015). A partir de um
estudo preliminar sobre as consequências psicossociais deste desastre, realizado por
Kopp e Skrabski (2008), foram identificadas que 56% das vítimas primárias e 59% das
vítimas secundárias sofrem de algum tipo de problema de saúde consideravelmente
maior que a população média da Hungria. Neste âmbito que o objetivo do presente
estudo foi conhecer a opinião de profissionais envolvidos direta ou indiretamente em
emergências e desastres ambientais, nomeadamente no que se refere a atuação da área
de saúde mental nas diferentes etapas de gerenciamento de desastres (preparação,
prevenção, resposta e avaliação). Participaram no presente estudo 4 profissionais
húngaros que trabalham em instituições públicas voltadas às questões de Emergências e
Desastres em Buda e Peste. A abordagem escolhida para condução do estudo foi o
método etnográfico, através dos seguintes instrumentos para recolha das informações:
diário de campo, entrevista semi-estruturada e questionário. Para a discussão dos
resultados foram utilizados dois planos internacionais de intervenção, o Comitê
Permanente entre Agências sobre Saúde Mental e Apoio Psicossocial em Situações de
Emergências e o Guia prático de Saúde Mental em Situações de Desastres elaborado
pela Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os resultados apontam que às intervenções na
Hungria são predominantemente assistenciais e de pouca participação comunitária. As
intervenções na área da saúde mental estão voltadas a fase de resposta, junto aos
afetados utilizando-se de abordagens direcionadas ao trauma. No entanto, apesar de
existirem profissionais capacitados para intervenções em desastres, ainda há falta de
reconhecimento das potencialidades da saúde mental em diferentes etapas do
gerenciamento de desastres, tais como para avaliações de risco, ações junto a
comunidade e no preparo dos profissionais. O presente estudo enfatiza a importância de
validar e incluir nos planos nacionais os contributos da área da saúde mental, orientado
pelas organizações internacionais, de forma a auxiliar o preparo da comunidade e dos
profissionais nas respostas aos desastres ambientais.Natural disaster management occurs from a cycle of steps. The choice of which format to use must be according with what each country needs. From the point of view of the mental health area, as an integral part of disaster management, the impact of emergencies and disasters on health can lead to a psychosocial disturbance that exceeds the response capacity of the affected population (Pan American Health Organization, 2009). In Hungary, according to the 2010 experience in the "Red Sludge" disaster, one of the worst disasters that affected about 718 people, mental health professionals reported that they encountered difficulties in psychosocial interventions, among which : the psychological support was not inserted in the management of crises in the medium and long term, failure to communicate interventions to the population, difficulties for evacuation, poor coordination of donations, lack of protocols for integration of volunteers, stigma as to the role of psychologist and lack of understanding the relevance of psychosocial interventions by the authorities and managers of the disaster (Komlósi et al., 2015). From a preliminary study on the psychosocial consequences of this disaster according Kopp and Skrabski (2008), 56% of primary victims and 59% of secondary victims have been identified as suffering from some type of health problem that is considerably larger than the average population of Hungary. In this context, the objective of the present study was to know the opinion of professionals directly or indirectly involved in environmental emergencies and disasters, particularly in the area of mental health in different stages of disaster management (preparation, prevention, response and evaluation). Four Hungarian professionals working in public institutions dealing with Emergencies and Disasters in Buda and Pest participated in this study. The approach chosen to conduct the study was the ethnographic method, through the following instruments for collecting information: field diary, semi-structured interview and questionnaire. Two international intervention plans, the Inter-Agency Standing Committee on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergencies, and the Practical Guide on Mental Health in Disaster Situations prepared by the World Health Organization were used to discuss the results. The results indicate that interventions in Hungary are predominantly care-giving and with little community participation. Interventions in the area of mental health are focused on the response phase, along with those affected using trauma-based approaches. However, although there are trained professionals for disaster interventions, there is still a lack of recognition of the potentialities of mental health in different stages of disaster management, such as for risk assessments, community actions and the training of professionals. The present study emphasizes the importance of validating and including in the national plans the contributions of the mental health area, guided by the international organizations, in order to assist the preparation of the community and the professionals in the responses to the natural disasters.
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Reid, Megan Kelly 1981. "A disaster on top of a disaster : how gender, race, and class shaped the housing experiences of displaced Hurricane Katrina survivors." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2926.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation project, I examine the experiences of displaced Hurricane Katrina survivors in the context of post-disaster housing policies and practices. This research is based on two years of in-depth interviews with Katrina survivors who were displaced to Austin, Texas. I analyze these interviews to understand the raced, classed, and gendered implications of post-disaster housing policies and to consider what these implications reveal about the relationship between social policies, housing, and social inequality more broadly. This project is informed by an intersectional understanding of social stratification systems and inequalities and a critical analysis of neoliberal social policy. First, I outline the gender, family, and class ideologies embedded in government-run post-Katrina housing policies and practices, and show how they specifically disadvantaged people who did not conform to them. I identify temporal domination as a specific aspect of class oppression evident in respondents’ experiences with the Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) rental assistance programs. Next, I specifically examine respondents’ experiences settling into their new neighborhoods and searching for jobs. I found that many black survivors ended up in segregated remote areas of the city, far from jobs and public transportation. Their job searching experiences suggest that employers used racist stereotypes about Latino workers to coerce them to work for low wages. This reveals the complex and interrelated racial dynamics of low-wage urban housing and labor markets. Finally, I explore how survivors got by in the face of such difficult and in some cases dire circumstances. One primary way survivors coped with the uncertainty caused by their displacement was relying on their social networks. While women tended to depend on adult child - parent and other familial relationships, men tended to distance themselves from the potential support of their mothers and other relatives. Respondents also constructed fictive kin relationships to provide support to others, sometimes for the explicit purpose of ensuring one or both members of the relationship had access to stable housing. This reveals how both gender and family relationships can shape disaster recovery and everyday experiences of poverty. Overall, this project contributes to the study of race/class/gender inequality, social policy, housing, and disaster recovery.text
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McFarlane, Alexander Cowell. "The psychiatric sequelae of a natural disaster : the 1983 Ash Wednesday bushfires / Alexander Cowell McFarlane." 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/38364.
Full textAbstract:
Typescript (Photocopy)Includes bibliographies
3 v. ;
Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library.
Thesis (M.D.)--Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, 1990
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White, Janine A. "Mental health outcomes and shared experiences of refugee and migrant women following exposure to xenophobic violence: a mixed methods study." Diss., 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/21376.
Full textAbstract:
Text in EnglishDisasters are global phenomena, often occurring without warning and with physical and psychological consequences among those affected. In May 2008, refugee and migrants living in South Africa were exposed to xenophobic violence, which may be described as a human caused disaster using the Shultz, Espinel et al. (2008) definition of disaster. Refugee and migrant women were particularly vulnerable during this time due to heightened risk for exposure to violence and pathology. During 2014, a mixed methods convergent study was conducted in Johannesburg to determine the presence of acute stress disorder symptoms (ASD), posttraumatic growth (PTG) and experiences of xenophobic violence among refugee and migrant women. One hundred and three refugee and migrant women completed a selfadministered questionnaire, while semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with a sub-set of 22 women.The quantitative results showed a positive, linear association between moderate ASD-total symptoms, as assessed by the Stanford Acute Stress Reaction Questionnaire (SASRQ) (Cardeña, Classen, Koopman, & Spiegel, 2014) and moderate posttraumatic growth-total, assessed by the posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI) (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996). All ASD symptom subscales were predictors of posttraumatic growth. The qualitative results from both the SASRQ open-ended responses and semi-structured responses showed that refugee and migrant women were adversely affected by the xenophobic violence, with a prevailing fear that the xenophobic violence would re-occur. There was convergence in the quantitative findings and the qualitative findings for the pathological and adaptive outcomes. Policymakers must address xenophobic violence by working towards prevention of this type of violence. In instances where policies fail to address or prevent xenophobic violence, disaster programmes should consider xenophobic violence in disaster planning. Further to this, mental health intervention programmes should not only focus on alleviating ASD symptoms but also emphasise enhancing PTG.
Psychology
M.A. (SS (Psychology))
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Lord, Jerry Joseph. "The charging of the flood : a cultural analysis of the impact and recovery from Hurrican Ike in Galveston, Texas." 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/14780.
Full textAbstract:
This ethnographic analysis of the social and physical effects of Hurricane Ike in Galveston, Texas and the consequent recovery that emerged afterward is based on 20 months of field research conducted immediately before and after the storm’s landfall. The introductory chapter locates the ethnographer just prior to the hurricane as he prepared for an unexpected evacuation. It then presents the conceptual framework for a multi-sited ethnography of “disaster culture” and introduces analytic keywords of “vulnerability,” “resilience,” “dreamworlds,” and “catastrophe.” It concludes by discussing a set of historical and contemporary socio-economic conditions in Galveston. This provides a frame of reference of both the social formations of storm experiences and the public recovery dynamics that attended with Ike’s aftermath that are discussed throughout the text. This is further supplemented with an explanation of Ike’s flooding and the geographic distribution of storm damage. Chapter two begins with an ethnographic vignette of the first townhall meeting held in Galveston after Ike. This introduces several recurrent topics of concern that were formative of disaster-culture dynamics. It then provides a literature review of the anthropology of disaster before segueing into a presentation of storm narratives. It ends with an analysis that further elaborates on the formative dynamics of Galvestonian disaster culture. Chapter three provides an analysis of the public deliberations that emerged over long-term redevelopment initiatives; particularly, the advocacy practices of a faith-based consortium; advocacy on behalf of restoring the University of Texas Medical Branch; the public Long Term Recovery Committee, and a FEMA buyout program that benefited higher income property owners on the western end of the island. The fourth chapter provides an extended case study concerning the rebuilding of 569 units of public housing that were subsequently destroyed after the hurricane. The rebuilding of public housing became the most vitriolic public issue during the course of fieldwork. The concluding chapter invokes the concepts of “dreamworlds” and “catastrophe” used by historian and philosopher Walter Benjamin to show the processual dynamics between the initial hopes for collectively strengthening Galveston through federally funded redevelopment and the increasingly negative assessments of the city’s long-term urban fortunes.text
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CHUN-CHINKAO and 高浚欽. "Citizen Mental Health and Real Estate Purchase Intention after Earthquake Disasters－Case Study of Tainan City." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/erz3sj.
Full text