Journal articles: 'Disaster mental health'

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Newnham, Elizabeth A., Peta L. Dzidic, Enrique L. P. Mergelsberg, Bhushan Guragain, Emily Ying Yang Chan, Yoshiharu Kim, Jennifer Leaning, et al. "The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network: Setting a Mental Health Agenda for the Region." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 24, 2020): 6144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176144.

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Addressing the psychological mechanisms and structural inequalities that underpin mental health issues is critical to recovery following disasters and pandemics. The Asia Pacific Disaster Mental Health Network was established in June 2020 in response to the current disaster climate and to foster advancements in disaster-oriented mental health research, practice and policy across the region. Supported by the World Health Organization (WHO) Thematic Platform for Health Emergency and Disaster Risk Management (Health EDRM), the network brings together leading disaster psychiatry, psychology and public health experts. Our aim is to advance policy, research and targeted translation of the evidence so that communities are better informed in preparation and response to disasters, pandemics and mass trauma. The first meetings of the network resulted in the development of a regional disaster mental health agenda focused on the current context, with five priority areas: (1) Strengthening community engagement and the integration of diverse perspectives in planning, implementing and evaluating mental health and psychosocial response in disasters; (2) Supporting and assessing the capacity of mental health systems to respond to disasters; (3) Optimising emerging technologies in mental healthcare; (4) Understanding and responding appropriately to addressing the mental health impacts of climate change; (5) Prioritising mental health and psychosocial support for high-risk groups. Consideration of these priority areas in future research, practice and policy will support nuanced and effective psychosocial initiatives for disaster-affected populations within the Asia Pacific region.

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Houston, PhD, J. Brian. "Public disaster mental/behavioral health communication: Intervention across disaster phases." Journal of Emergency Management 10, no. 4 (July 1, 2012): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2012.0106.

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Background: Disasters have been found to significantly impact mental and behavioral health.1 A public health response to disaster seeks to ameliorate this impact by identifying mental/behavioral health effects resulting from an event and by promoting healthy disaster-related outcomes. Disaster communication interventions are effective tools that disaster managers can use to achieve these outcomes.Objectives: Based on a review of the literature, the objectives of this article are to describe disaster communication intervention activities and corresponding outcomes and to place those activities in a multiphase disaster communication framework.Results: The Disaster Communication Intervention Framework (DCIF) is proposed. Outcomes targeted by DCIF include improving individual and community preparedness and resilience; decreasing disaster-related distress; promoting wellness, coping, recovery, and resilience; helping a community make sense of what happened during and after a disaster; and rebuilding the community. Strategies for achieving these outcomes are described.Conclusions: DCIF provides a multiphase framework of public disaster mental/behavioral health communication intervention that can be used by disaster managers to improve mental and behavioral outcomes following a disaster.

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Seligman, Jamie, Stephanie S. Felder, and Maryann E. Robinson. "Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) Behavioral Health Disaster Response App." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, no. 5 (July 13, 2015): 516–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.84.

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AbstractThe Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in the Department of Health and Human Services offers extensive disaster behavior health resources to assist disaster survivors in preparing for, responding to, and recovering from natural and manmade disasters. One of SAMHSA’s most innovative resources is the SAMHSA Behavioral Health Disaster Response App (SAMHSA Disaster App). The SAMHSA Disaster App prepares behavioral health responders for any type of traumatic event by allowing them to access disaster-related materials and other key resources right on their phone, at the touch of a button. The SAMHSA Disaster App is available on iPhone, Android, and BlackBerry devices. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:516–518)

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Tierney, Kathleen J. "Controversy and Consensus in Disaster Mental Health Research." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 15, no. 4 (December 2000): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00025292.

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AbstractControversies regarding the mental health consequences of disasters are rooted both in disciplinary orientations and in the widely varied research strategies that have been employed in disaster mental health studies. However, despite a history of dissensus, there are also key issues on which researchers agree. Disasters constitute stressful and traumatic experiences. However, vulnerability to such experiences, as well as to more chronic Stressors, is socially structured, reflecting the influence of socio-economic status and other axes of stratification, including gender, race, and ethnicity. Disaster events differ in the extent to which they generate stress for victims. A holistic perspective on disaster mental health would take into account not only disaster event characteristics, but also social-systemic sources of both acute and chronic stress, secondary and cumulative Stressors, and victims internal and external coping capacities.

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Gold, PhD, Jeffrey I., Zorash Montano, BA, Sandra Shields, LMFT, ATR-BC, CTS, Nicole E. Mahrer, BA, Viktoria Vibhakar, LCSW, LMSW, Tanya Ybarra, MS, CCLS, Nancy Yee, BA, et al. "Pediatric disaster preparedness in the medical setting: Integrating mental health." American Journal of Disaster Medicine 4, no. 3 (May 1, 2009): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2009.0022.

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Introduction: The increasing prevalence of disasters worldwide highlights the need for established and universal disaster preparedness plans.The devastating events of September 11 and Hurricane Katrina have spurred the development of some disaster response systems. These systems, however, are predominantly focused on medical needs and largely overlook mental health considerations. Negative outcomes of disasters include physical damage as well as psychological harm. Mental health needs should be considered throughout the entire disaster response process, especially when caring for children, adolescents, and their families.Objective: To provide an overview and recommendations for the integration of mental health considerations into pediatric disaster preparedness and response in the medical setting.Methods: Recommendations were developed by a panel of disaster preparedness and mental health experts during the Childrens Hospital Los Angeles Pediatric Disaster Resource and Training Center: Workshop on Family Reunification in Los Angeles, California, March 31-April 1, 2008. Experts discussed the inclusion of mental health-specific considerations and services at all stages of disaster preparedness and response. Recommendations involve the integration of mental health into triage and tracking, the adoption of a child ambassador model, environment, and developmentally appropriate interventions, education, communication, death notification, and family reunification.Conclusions: The inclusion of mental health concerns into pediatric disaster preparedness may help prevent further and unnecessary psychological harm to children and adolescent survivors following a disaster.

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León-Amenero, Deborah, and Jeff Huarcaya-Victoria. "Salud mental en situaciones de desastres." Horizonte Médico (Lima) 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.24265/horizmed.2019.v19n1.12.

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Joseph, J., and S. Jaswal. "(A11) Beyond Illness and Trauma: A Study of the Interface between Disaster Mental Health and Recovery." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s2—s3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000240.

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Today there is adequate research evidence at national and international level regarding the health and mental health consequences of disasters. The realization of the larger impact of mental health on the recovery process has been instrumental in prioritizing mental health and psychosocial well-being of affected populations in recent years. Traditionally the bio medical models were used to understand the disaster mental health outcomes, however over the last two decade a gradual change is visible in the understanding of the mental health and psychosocial consequences of disasters. It is more inclusive of varied expressions of distress and the services to address the same. A review of various disaster mental health research and interventions documented since 2001 reveals that most studies/interventions attempt to list the various mental health problems and psychosocial consequences. There are very few studies which go beyond listing of consequences, to focus on implications of disaster mental health for long term disaster recovery. There is dearth of research based literature on the concept of community trauma, factors contributing to negative emotions and emotional distress/ problems, community response (social and cultural) to disaster mental health issues, long term emotional implications of psychosocial consequences of disasters and the life course of individuals with mental health issues in the long run following disasters. The paper attempts to address the above mentioned issues in the context of 2004 tsunami. The paper is based on a study carried out in India two years after the disaster. A Case study approach was used and 177 case studies were collected from 104 villages in 14 affected districts of three states in India. The paper contributes to understanding the long term implications of disaster mental health for disaster recovery and reiterates the significance of integrating disaster mental health services within humanitarian services.

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Barron, Ruth A. "International disaster mental health." Psychiatric Clinics of North America 27, no. 3 (September 2004): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2004.03.007.

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Pfefferbaum, Betty, Jennifer L. Sweeton, Pascal Nitiéma, Mary A. Noffsinger, Vandana Varma, Summer D. Nelson, and Elana Newman. "Child Disaster Mental Health Interventions: Therapy Components." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 29, no. 5 (September 16, 2014): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x14000910.

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AbstractChildren face innumerable challenges following exposure to disasters. To address trauma sequelae, researchers and clinicians have developed a variety of mental health interventions. While the overall effectiveness of multiple interventions has been examined, few studies have focused on the individual components of these interventions. As a preliminary step to advancing intervention development and research, this literature review identifies and describes nine common components that comprise child disaster mental health interventions. This review concluded that future research should clearly define the constituent components included in available interventions. This will require that future studies dismantle interventions to examine the effectiveness of specific components and identify common therapeutic elements. Issues related to populations studied (eg, disaster exposure, demographic and cultural influences) and to intervention delivery (eg, timing and optimal sequencing of components) also warrant attention.PfefferbaumB, SweetonJL, NitiémaP, NoffsingerMA, VarmaV, NelsonSD, NewmanE. Child disaster mental health interventions: therapy components. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(5):1-9.

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Eisenman, David P., Qiong Zhou, Michael Ong, Steven Asch, Deborah Glik, and Anna Long. "Variations in Disaster Preparedness by Mental Health, Perceived General Health, and Disability Status." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 3, no. 1 (March 2009): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dmp.0b013e318193be89.

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ABSTRACTObjectives: Chronic medical and mental illness and disability increase vulnerability to disasters. National efforts have focused on preparing people with disabilities, and studies find them to be increasingly prepared, but less is known about people with chronic mental and medical illnesses. We examined the relation between health status (mental health, perceived general health, and disability) and disaster preparedness (home disaster supplies and family communication plan).Methods: A random-digit-dial telephone survey of the Los Angeles County population was conducted October 2004 to January 2005 in 6 languages. Separate multivariate regressions modeled determinants of disaster preparedness, adjusting for sociodemographic covariates then sociodemographic variables and health status variables.Results: Only 40.7% of people who rated their health as fair/poor have disaster supplies compared with 53.1% of those who rate their health as excellent (P < 0.001). Only 34.8% of people who rated their health as fair/poor have an emergency plan compared with 44.8% of those who rate their health as excellent (P < 0.01). Only 29.5% of people who have a serious mental illness have disaster supplies compared with 49.2% of those who do not have a serious mental illness (P < 0.001). People with fair/poor health remained less likely to have disaster supplies (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50–0.96) and less likely to have an emergency plan (AOR 0.68, 95% CI 0.51–0.92) compared with those who rate their health as excellent, after adjusting for the sociodemographic covariates. People with serious mental illness remained less likely to have disaster supplies after adjusting for the sociodemographic covariates (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48–0.93). Disability status was not associated with lower rates of disaster supplies or emergency communication plans in bivariate or multivariate analyses. Finally, adjusting for the sociodemographic and other health variables, people with fair/poor health remained less likely to have an emergency plan (AOR 0.66, 95% CI 0.48–0.92) and people with serious mental illness remained less likely to have disaster supplies (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.47–0.95).Conclusions: People who report fair/poor general health and probable serious mental illness are less likely to report household disaster preparedness and an emergency communication plan. Our results could add to our understanding of why people with preexisting health problems suffer disproportionately from disasters. Public health may consider collaborating with community partners and health services providers to improve preparedness among people with chronic illness and people who are mentally ill. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2009;3:33–41)

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van den Berg, Bellis, Linda Grievink, Kersten Gutschmidt, Thierry Lang, Stephen Palmer, Marc Ruijten, Rene Stumpel, and Joris Yzermans. "The Public Health Dimension of Disasters—Health Outcome Assessment of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, S2 (August 2008): s55—s59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00021257.

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AbstractA broad range of health problems are related to disasters. Insight into these health problems is needed for targeted disaster management. Disaster health outcome assessment can provide insight into the health effects of disasters.During the 15th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine in Amsterdam (2007), experts in the field of disaster epidemiology discussed important aspects of disaster health outcome assessment, such as: (1) what is meant by disaster health outcome assessment?; (2) why should one conduct a disaster health outcome assessment, and what are the objectives?, and (3) who benefits from the information obtained by a disaster health outcome assessment?A disaster health outcome assessment can be defined as a systematic assessment of the current and potential health problems in a population affected by a disaster. Different methods can be used to examine these health problems such as: (1) rapid assessment of health needs; (2) (longitudinal) epidemiological studies using questionnaires; (3) continuous surveillance of health problems using existing registration systems; (4) assessment of the use and distribution of health services; and (5) research into the etiology of the health effects of disasters.The public health impact of a disaster may not be immediately evident. Disaster health outcome assessment provides insight into the health related consequences of disasters. The information that is obtained by performing a disaster health outcome assessment can be used to initiate and adapt the provision of health care. Besides information for policy-makers, disaster health outcome assessments can contribute to the knowledge and evidence base of disaster health outcomes (scientific objective). Finally, disaster health outcome assessment might serve as a signal of recognition of the problems of the survivors.Several stakeholders may benefit from the information obtained from a disaster health outcome assessment. Disaster decision-makers and the public health community benefit from performing a disaster health outcome assessment, since it provides information that is useful for the different aspects of disaster management. Also, by providing information about the nature, prevalence, and course of health problems, (mental) health care workers can anticipate the health needs and requirements in the affected population.It is important to realize that the disaster is not over when the acute care has been provided. Instead, disasters will cause many other health problems and concerns such as infectious diseases and mental health problems. Disaster health outcome assessments provide insight into the public health impact of disasters.

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Cooper, Arthur, Michael Frogel, and George Foltin. "The Pediatric Disaster Mental Health Intervention: Meeting the Primary Care Special Needs of Children in the Aftermath of Disasters." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s60—s61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001365.

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Introduction:Effects of a disaster on a community’s mental health can persist after the physical effects of the event have passed. The pediatric population is often overrepresented in disasters and prone to serious mental health disorders based on their age and parental/community response. Pediatric primary healthcare providers require the psychosocial skills necessary to work in disaster zones and to care for children in disasters.Aim:Pediatric Disaster Mental Health Intervention (PDMHI) was initially developed in response to Superstorm Sandy’s impact on children and their families in New York City. The objective was to develop training for primary care providers in pediatric disaster mental healthcare and to study its impact on the trainees.Methods:A faculty of experts in pediatric mental health, psychiatry, psychology, and disaster preparedness was convened to develop curriculum. The faculty developed a four-hour intervention to equip healthcare providers with the skills and knowledge necessary to care for pediatric patients with mental health problems stemming from a disaster via evaluation, triage, intervention, and referral.Results:Three PDMHI training sessions were held. A total of 67 providers were trained. Of these, there were 31 pediatricians, 18 nurses, 8 social workers, 4 psychologists, 2 psychiatrists, and 4 others. Pre- and post-tests measured knowledge before and impact 3 months post-intervention. 62.5% of responding primary care providers made changes to their practice. 92% felt better equipped to identify, treat, and refer patients. 81% would be willing to work in a disaster zone and felt prepared to treat patients with disaster mental health issues.Discussion:PDMHI covers psychosocial responses to disasters from normal to mental health disorders. Participants gained tools for managing pediatric mental health issues in primary care. Study data showed an increase in the participants perceived knowledge and skills about pediatric disaster mental health, and willingness to participate in future disasters.

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Bell, Sue Anne, and Lisa A. Folkerth. "Women’s Mental Health and Intimate Partner Violence Following Natural Disaster: A Scoping Review." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 31, no. 6 (September 19, 2016): 648–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x16000911.

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AbstractIntroductionSurvivors of natural disasters in the United States experience significant health ramifications. Women particularly are vulnerable to both post-disaster posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression, and research has documented that these psychopathological sequelae often are correlated with increased incidence of intimate partner violence (IPV). Understanding the link between these health concerns is crucial to informing adequate disaster response and relief efforts for victims of natural disaster.PurposeThe purpose of this review was to report the results of a scoping review on the specific mental health effects that commonly impact women following natural disasters, and to develop a conceptual framework with which to guide future research.MethodsA scoping review of mental and physical health effects experienced by women following natural disasters in the United States was conducted. Articles from 2000-2015 were included. Databases examined were PubMed, PsycInfo, Cochrane, JSTOR, Web of Science, and databases available through ProQuest, including ProQuest Research Library.ResultsA total of 58 articles were selected for inclusion, out of an original 149 that were selected for full-text review. Forty-eight articles, or 82.8%, focused on mental health outcomes. Ten articles, or 17.2%, focused on IPV.DiscussionCertain mental health outcomes, including PTSD, depression, and other significant mental health concerns, were recurrent issues for women post-disaster. Despite the strong correlation between experience of mental health consequences after disaster and increased risk of domestic violence, studies on the risk and mediating factors are rare. The specific challenges faced by women and the interrelation between negative mental health outcomes and heightened exposure to IPV following disasters require a solid evidence base in order to facilitate the development of effective interventions. Additional research informed by theory on probable health impacts is necessary to improve development/implementation of emergency relief policy.BellSA, FolkerthLA. Women’s mental health and intimate partner violence following natural disaster: a scoping review. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(6):648–657.

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Homish, Gregory G., Bonita S. Frazer, Daniel P. McCartan, and Anthony J. Billittier. "Emergency Mental Health: Lessons Learned From Flight 3407." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 4, no. 4 (December 2010): 326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2010.33.

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ABSTRACTEmergency mental health (EMH), a field that is often not well represented when considering emergency preparedness, is nonetheless a vital component to any disaster response. Emergency mental health issues must be considered not only for victims of disasters and their families, friends, and coworkers but also for both on-scene and off-scene responders and members of the community who may have witnessed the disaster. This article describes the EMH preparation for and response to the crash of Continental Airlines flight 3407 in western New York on February 12, 2009, killing all 49 crew and passengers on board and 1 person on the ground. It describes aspects of the response that went as planned and highlights areas for improvement. The lessons learned from this EMH preparation and response can be used to inform future planning for disaster response.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:326-331)

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Crumb, Loni, Brandee Appling, and Shenika Jones. "Don’t Wait, Communicate: Rural School Counselors and Disaster Mental Health." Professional School Counseling 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 2156759X2110231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2156759x211023119.

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This study explored rural school counselors’ experiences regarding their preparation and response to natural disasters. Using descriptive phenomenology, we examined the perspectives of 10 school counselors and identified four themes that captured their experiences: (a) the need for disaster mental health training, (b) the value of rural community collaboration, (c) the influence of multiple roles, and (d) personal reactions to disaster response. We provide implications and recommendations about expanding crisis training to include disaster mental health.

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Khatri, Jyoti, Gerard Fitzgerald, and Meen B. Poudyal Chhetri. "Health Risks in Disaster Responders: A Conceptual Framework." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, no. 02 (April 2019): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19000141.

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Introduction:Disasters cause severe disruption to socio-economic, infrastructural, and environmental aspects of community and nation. While the impact of disasters is strongly felt by those directly affected, they also have significant impacts on the mental and physical health of relief/recovery workers and volunteers. Variations in the nature and scale of disasters necessitate different approaches to risk management and hazard reduction during the response and recovery phases.Method:Published articles (2010-2017) on the quantitative and quantitative relationship between disasters and the physical and mental health of relief/recovery workers and volunteers were systematically collected and reviewed. A total of 162 relevant studies were identified. Physical injuries and mental health impacts were categorized into immediate, short-term, and chronic conditions. A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to explore the health risks and injuries encountered by disaster relief workers and volunteers, and to identify the factors contributing to these and relating mitigation strategies.Results:There were relatively few studies into this issue. However, the majority of the scrutinized articles highlighted the dependence of nature and scope of injuries with the disaster type and the types of responders, while the living and working environment and socio-economic standing also had significant influence on health outcomes.Conclusion:A conceptual framework derived from the literature review clearly illustrated several critical elements that directly or indirectly cause damage to physical and mental health of disaster responders. Pre-disaster and post-disaster risk mitigation approaches may be employed to reduce the vulnerability of both volunteers and workers while understanding the identified stressors and their relationships.Khatri KC J, Fitzgerald G, Poudyal Chhetri MB. Health risks in disaster responders: a conceptual framework. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2019;34(2):209–216

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O'donnell, Meaghan L., and David Forbes. "Natural disaster, older adults, and mental health–a dangerous combination." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 1 (December 3, 2015): 9–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215001891.

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Natural disasters by their very nature occur suddenly and have the potential to cause great harm at an individual, family, community, and societal level. They occur frequently, and with the escalation in extreme events related to climate change, the frequency, and severity of natural disasters will only increase (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2014). Globally, a growing number of people are being exposed to natural disaster; however, the vulnerability to exposure is not equally shared. Those who are socially, physically, economically, culturally, politically, institutionally, or otherwise disadvantaged are especially vulnerable to experiencing natural disaster.

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Math, Suresh Bada, Maria Christine Nirmala, Sydney Moirangthem, and Naveen C. Kumar. "Disaster Management: Mental Health Perspective." Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 37, no. 3 (July 2015): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.162915.

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Jones, Lynne, Joseph Asare, Mustafa Elmasri, and Andrew Mohanraj. "Mental health in disaster settings." BMJ 335, no. 7622 (September 18, 2007): 679–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.39329.580891.be.

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Minhas, Hassan Mustafa. "Mental health after natural disaster." BMJ 333, Suppl S3 (September 1, 2006): 0609344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0609344.

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Lee, So Hee, Seog Ju Kim, Minyoung Sim, So Young Yoo, Sung Doo Won, and Boung Chul Lee. "Mental Health of Disaster Workers." Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association 54, no. 2 (2015): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.4306/jknpa.2015.54.2.135.

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Reifels, Lennart. "Reducing the Future Risk of Trauma: On the Integration of Global Disaster Policy within Specific Health Domains and Established Fields of Practice." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 9 (September 5, 2018): 1932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15091932.

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The global increase in the frequency and severity of natural hazards and extreme climatic events necessitates more efficient global and national strategies to reduce the likelihood and impact of traumatic consequences for disaster-affected populations. The recent inclusion of mental health in the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction marks a pivotal point in the recognition of the significant burden of disasters on mental health, and a global commitment to reducing its impacts. Nevertheless, effective agreement implementation and efforts to reduce disaster mental health risks are facing significant challenges. These include a lack of clarity about the conceptual interlinkages and place of disaster risk reduction principles within the field of disaster mental health, which is traditionally marked by a prevailing recovery orientation, and the need for effective translation into disaster mental health policy and practice. Therefore, this study drew on data from interviews with European disaster mental health and risk reduction experts in order to appraise the merit and implications of a global disaster risk reduction policy for advancing population mental health in the context of disaster. Study findings outline existing opportunities, challenges, and key strategies for the integration of disaster risk reduction within disaster mental health policy and practice.

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Bae, Jeongyee, and Yoonjung Kim. "Youth Mental Health CRISIS and Countermeasure in KOREAN." J-Institute 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/disaster.2016.1.1.13.

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Christy, J. K. "(A66) Integration of Psycho-Social Social Support and Mental Health Services in to National Disaster Management Guidelines." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000732.

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Integration of Psycho-social Social Support and Mental Health Services in to National Disaster Management Guidelines India is vulnerable, in varying degrees, to a large number of natural as well as man-made disasters and also a high risk country for disasters due to expanding population, urbanization and industrialisation, development within high-risk zones, environmental degradation and climate changes. The creation of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) in 2005, as the apex body for disaster management, has brought out a paradigm shift in the area of disaster management. One of the important mandate of NDMA is to issue National Disaster Management Guidelines (NDMG) to the ministries/ departments to assist them to formulate their respective Disaster Management (DM) plans. In this direction NDMA has issued number of NDMG on different themes to provide basis of preparation of DM plans at different levels. There are policies & guidelines on Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services (PSSMHS) in disasters at the international level in the form of Inter Agency Standing Committee guidelines (IASC) which advocates PSSMHS in disasters. In India there was no such policy which streamlines the Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters. During preparation of various National Disaster Management Guidelines, one remarkable factor noticed was the need for psycho-social care, subsequently preparation of NDMG on Medical Preparedness and Mass Causality Management brought out an overwhelming consensus to formulate a separate NDMG for PSSMHS. In order to translate the critical need for psycho-social care and support into guidelines, NDMA adopted a mission-mode approach for integrating PSSMHS in disaster response by involving participatory and multi step methodology to formulate NDMG on Psycho-social Support and Mental Health Services in Disasters.

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Mincin, PhD, MPhil, MPA, Jenny, and Rebecca Hansen, LMSW. "Disaster mental health in higher education: A review." Journal of Emergency Management 17, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2019.0421.

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Disaster mental health (DMH), also referred to as disaster behavioral health, and crisis intervention more broadly, is a significant, yet relatively nonstandardized response system in the United States. Higher education can play a critical role in shifting understanding of DMH, its place within emergency management, and skills building among students. With the increased need for qualified DMH practitioners growing, the academy is uniquely positioned to train students as they become our future responders. Movement toward standardized curriculum and certification programs within schools of social work and emergency management can alleviate lack of knowledge and training as well as better prepare emergency managers and behavioral health professionals to respond to the emotional and mental wellbeing of those impacted by disasters (natural or human-caused).

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Pfefferbaum, Betty, Brian W. Flynn, David Schonfeld, Lisa M. Brown, Gerard A. Jacobs, Daniel Dodgen, Darrin Donato, et al. "The Integration of Mental and Behavioral Health Into Disaster Preparedness, Response, and Recovery." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 1 (March 2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.1.

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ABSTRACTThe close interplay between mental health and physical health makes it critical to integrate mental and behavioral health considerations into all aspects of public health and medical disaster management. Therefore, the National Biodefense Science Board (NBSB) convened the Disaster Mental Health Subcommittee to assess the progress of the US Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) in integrating mental and behavioral health into disaster and emergency preparedness and response activities. One vital opportunity to improve integration is the development of clear and directive national policy to firmly establish the role of mental and behavioral health as part of a unified public health and medical response to disasters. Integration of mental and behavioral health into disaster preparedness, response, and recovery requires it to be incorporated in assessments and services, addressed in education and training, and founded on and advanced through research. Integration must be supported in underlying policies and administration with clear lines of responsibility for formulating and implementing policy and practice.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:60–66)

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Kessler, R. C., K. A. McLaughlin, K. C. Koenen, M. Petukhova, and E. D. Hill. "The importance of secondary trauma exposure for post-disaster mental disorder." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 21, no. 1 (January 10, 2012): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796011000758.

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Background.Interventions to treat mental disorders after natural disasters are important both for humanitarian reasons and also for successful post-disaster physical reconstruction that depends on the psychological functioning of the affected population. A major difficulty in developing such interventions, however, is that large between-disaster variation exists in the prevalence of post-disaster mental disorders, making it difficult to estimate need for services in designing interventions without carrying out a post-disaster mental health needs assessment survey. One of the daunting methodological challenges in implementing such surveys is that secondary stressors unique to the disaster often need to be discovered to understand the magnitude, type, and population segments most affected by post-disaster mental disorders.Methods.This problem is examined in the current commentary by analyzing data from the WHO World Mental Health (WMH) Surveys. We analyze the extent to which people exposed to natural disasters throughout the world also experienced secondary stressors and the extent to which the mental disorders associated with disasters were more proximally due to these secondary stressors than to the disasters themselves.Results.Lifetime exposure to natural disasters was found to be high across countries (4.4–7.5%). 10.7–11.4% of those exposed to natural disasters reported the occurrence of other related stressors (e.g. death of a loved one and destruction of property). A monotonic relationship was found between the number of additional stressors and the subsequent onset of mental disordersConclusions.These results document the importance of secondary stressors in accounting for the effects of natural disasters on mental disorders. Implications for intervention planning are discussed.

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Ruzek, Josef I., Robyn D. Walser, Amy E. Naugle, Brett Litz, Douglas S. Mennin, Melissa A. Polusny, Dianna M. Ronell, Kenneth J. Ruggiero, Rachel Yehuda, and Joseph R. Scotti. "Cognitive-Behavioral Psychology: Implications for Disaster and Terrorism Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 5 (October 2008): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00006130.

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AbstractGiven the personal and societal costs associated with acute impairment and enduring post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the mental health response to disasters is an integral component of disaster response planning. The purpose of this paper is to explore the compatibility between cognitive-behavioral psychology and the disaster mental health model, and explicate how cognitivebehavioral perspectives and intervention methods can enhance the effectiveness of disaster mental health services. It is argued that cognitive-behavioral methods, if matched to the contexts of the disaster and the needs of individuals, will improve efforts to prevent the development of PTSD and other trauma-related problems in survivors of disaster or terrorist events. First, the similarities between models of care underlying both disaster mental health services and cognitive-behavioral therapies are described. Second, examples of prior cognitive-behavioral therapy-informed work with persons exposed to disaster and terrorism are provided, potential cognitive-behavioral therapy applications to disaster and terrorism are explored, and implications of cognitive-behavioral therapy for common challenges in disaster mental health is discussed. Finally, steps that can be taken to integrate cognitive-behavioral therapy into disaster mental health are outlined. The aim is to prompt disaster mental health agencies and workers to consider using cognitive-behavioral therapy to improve services and training, and to motivate cognitive-behavioral researchers and practitioners to develop and support disaster mental health response.

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Evans, Candace M., Rachel M. Adams, and Lori Peek. "Incorporating Mental Health Research into Disaster Risk Reduction: An Online Training Module for the Hazards and Disaster Workforce." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3 (January 30, 2021): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031244.

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There is an expansive and growing body of literature that examines the mental health consequences of disasters and large-scale emergencies. There is a need, however, for more explicit incorporation of mental health research into disaster risk reduction practices. Training and education programs can serve as a bridge to connect academic mental health research and the work of disaster risk reduction practitioners. This article describes the development and evaluation of one such intervention, the CONVERGE Disaster Mental Health Training Module, which provides users from diverse academic and professional backgrounds with foundational knowledge on disaster mental health risk factors, mental health outcomes, and psychosocial well-being research. Moreover, the module helps bridge the gap between research and practice by describing methods used to study disaster mental health, showcasing examples of evidence-based programs and tools, and providing recommendations for future research. Since its initial release on 8 October 2019, 317 trainees from 12 countries have completed the Disaster Mental Health Training Module. All trainees completed a pre- and post-training questionnaire regarding their disaster mental health knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests demonstrated a significant increase in all three measures after completion of the training module. Students, emerging researchers or practitioners, and trainees with a high school/GED education level experienced the greatest benefit from the module, with Kruskal–Wallis results indicating significant differences in changes in knowledge and skills across the groups. This evaluation research highlights the effectiveness of the Disaster Mental Health Training Module in increasing knowledge, skills, and attitudes among trainees. This article concludes with a discussion of how this training can support workforce development and ultimately contribute to broader disaster risk reduction efforts.

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Schreiber, Merritt, Betty Pfefferbaum, and Lisa Sayegh. "Toward the Way Forward: The National Children's Disaster Mental Health Concept of Operations." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 2 (June 2012): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.22.

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ABSTRACTAlthough increasing evidence suggests that children are at particular risk from disasters and evidence-based practices have been developed to triage and treat them effectively, no strategy or concept of operations linking best practices for disaster response is currently in place. To our knowledge, this report describes the first effort to address this critical gap and outlines a triage-driven children's disaster mental health incident response strategy for seamless preparedness, response, and recovery elements that can be used now. The national children's disaster mental health concept of operations (NCDMH CONOPS) details the essential elements needed for an interoperable, coordinated response for the mental health needs of children by local communities, counties, regions, and states to better meet the needs of children affected by disasters and terrorism incidents. This CONOPS for children proposes the use of an evidence-based, rapid triage system to provide a common data metric to incident response and recovery action and to rationally align limited resources to those at greater need in a population-based approach.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:174–181)

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Reifels, Lennart, Bridget Bassilios, Matthew J. Spittal, Kylie King, Justine Fletcher, and Jane Pirkis. "Patterns and Predictors of Primary Mental Health Service Use Following Bushfire and Flood Disasters." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, no. 3 (April 14, 2015): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.23.

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AbstractObjectiveTo examine patterns and predictors of primary mental health care service use following 2 major Australian natural disaster events.MethodsUtilizing data from a national minimum dataset, descriptive and regression analyses were conducted to identify levels and predictors of the use of the Access to Allied Psychological Services (ATAPS) program over a 2-year period following 2 major Australian bushfire and flood/cyclone disasters.ResultsThe bushfire disaster resulted in significantly greater and more enduring ATAPS service volume, while service delivery for both disasters peaked in the third quarter. Consumers affected by bushfires (IRR 1.51, 95% CI 1.20–1.89), diagnosed with depression (IRR 2.57, 95% CI 1.60-4.14), anxiety (IRR 2.06, 95% CI 1.21-3.49), or both disorders (IRR 2.15, 95% CI 1.35-3.42) utilized treatment at higher rates.ConclusionsThe substantial demand for primary mental health care services following major natural disasters can vary in magnitude and trajectory with disaster type. Disaster-specific ATAPS services provide a promising model to cater for this demand in primary care settings. Disaster type and need-based variables as drivers of ATAPS use intensity indicate an equitable level of service use in line with the program intention. Established service usage patterns can assist with estimating capacity requirements in similar disaster circumstances. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness.2015;9:275-282)

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Ruzek, Josef I., Bruce H. Young, Matthew J. Cordova, and Brian W. Flynn. "Integration of Disaster Mental Health Services with Emergency Medicine." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 19, no. 1 (March 2004): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001473.

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AbstractDespite limited resources, emergency medical settings will be called upon to play many roles in the context of disasters and terrorist attacks that are related to preparedness, surveillance, mental health services delivery, and staff care. Such settings are a central capture site for those individuals likely to be at highest risk for developing mental health and functional problems. Because much of the potential harm to survivors of disaster or terrorism (and their families) will be related to their mental health and role functioning, preparedness requires the active integration of behavioral health into emergency medicine in every component of disaster response. There are many challenges of doing this including: (1) finding ways to integrate activities of the medical care, emergency response, and public health systems; (2) determining whether an incident has actually occurred; (3) making differential diagnoses and managing other aspects of initial medical needs; and (4) coping with the risks associated with system overload and failure. Delivery of direct mental health care must include: (1) survivor and family education; (2) identification and referral of those requiring immediate care and followup; (3) group education and support services; and (4) individual counseling. In order for effective response to occur, the integration of psychosocial care into disaster response must occur prior to the disaster itself, and will depend on effective collaboration between medical and mental health care providers. At workplaces, emergency medical care centers must ensure that staff and their families are properly trained and supported with regard to their disaster functions and encouraged to develop personal/family disaster plans.

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Takahashi, Sho, Hirokazu Tachikawa, Yasuhisa Fukuo, Yoshifumi Takagi, Arai Tetsuaki, and Michiko Watari. "Analysis of Disaster Psychiatric Assistant Team Activity During the Past Four Disasters in Japan." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002061.

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Introduction:The Disaster Psychiatric Assistant Team (DPAT) is Japan’s original mental health care dispatched team during disasters. Established in 2013, this team has been involved in the response to many disaster-related mental issues.Aim:We Aimed to evaluate the DPAT activity in response to the past 4 disasters (Ontake volcano, Hiroshima flood, Joso flood, and Kumamoto earthquake), using the disaster mental health information support system (DMHISS).Methods:DMHISS data from the four disasters was extracted. Descriptive statistics were performed from the obtained dataset and the characteristics of the disaster victims from each disaster were compared and examined.Results:About 2,400 cases were obtained and tabulated to from the database. Based on descriptive statistics, the DPAT support objectives, activities and activity periods Aim to establish (1) the characteristics of the affected areas (population composition, psychiatric medical condition), (2) the scale and content of the disaster (the injured, building damage, number of evacuees), and (3) the activity ability. The number of counseling cases peaked several days after the disaster onset, and the importance of the DPAT activity during the acute phase was confirmed. The time course of the consultation number, which is a measure of the termination, could be predicted from the disaster scale and content. These results suggest that DPAT activity may be a guideline for local disasters for one month and for wide-reaching disasters for two months or longer.Discussion:It is suggested that the timing of activity and the termination period could be estimated from factors including the type of disaster, the size of the disaster, and the number of evacuees using the disaster mental health medical activities from four disasters. It should be considered necessary to accumulate data and examine indicators related to the DPAT activity.

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Goodman, Rachael, and Cirecie West-Olatunji. "Transgenerational Trauma and Resilience: Improving Mental Health Counseling for Survivors of Hurricane Katrina." Journal of Mental Health Counseling 30, no. 2 (March 27, 2008): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17744/mehc.30.2.q52260n242204r84.

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As disasters increase worldwide, there is greater need for effective and expedient disaster mental health response. The purpose of this paper is to present the etiology of transgenerational trauma to advance mental health counselors' understanding of the complex issues associated with trauma and disaster. The authors have woven literature from the field of trauma counseling with their own clinical experiences during deployment in post-Katrina New Orleans. The authors assert that mental health counselors can enhance clinical practice by using transgenerational trauma assessment and interventions as well as historical and contextual knowledge. A case example and recommendations are provided to demonstrate how to incorporate transgenerational trauma and resilience into clinical practice when working with disaster survivors.

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Longmuir, Caley, and Vincent I. O. Agyapong. "Social and Mental Health Impact of Nuclear Disaster in Survivors: A Narrative Review." Behavioral Sciences 11, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs11080113.

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This narrative review synthesizes the literature on the psychological consequences of the Three Mile Island nuclear accident of 1979, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986, and the Fukushima nuclear disaster of 2011. A search was conducted on OVID for studies in English from 1966 to 2020. Fifty-nine studies were included. Living through a nuclear disaster is associated with higher levels of PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Decontamination workers, those living in closest proximity to the reactor, and evacuees experience higher rates of mental health problems after a nuclear disaster. Those with greater psychological resilience and social supports experience lower rates of psychological distress. Individual-level interventions, such as mindfulness training, behavioral activation, and cognitive reappraisal training, have shown modest benefits on improving psychological wellbeing. At the population level, many of the measures in place aimed at reducing exposure to radiation actually increase individuals’ anxiety. Technology-based supports have been studied in other types of natural disasters and it may be beneficial to look at mobile-based interventions for future nuclear disasters.

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Kim, Yoshiharu. "311 disaster and mental health countermeasures." European Journal of Psychotraumatology 5, no. 1 (December 2014): 26515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ejpt.v5.26515.

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Ritchie, Elspeth Cameron, and Susan E. Hamilton. "Assessing Mental Health Needs Following Disaster." Psychiatric Annals 34, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20040801-14.

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Smoyak, Shirley A. "Disaster Response for Mental Health Professionals." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 43, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/02793695-20051101-03.

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Downs, Louis. "Mental Health Interventions for Disaster Relief." Journal of Asia Pacific Counseling 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2011): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18401/2011.1.2.3.

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Ghodse, Hamid. "Tsunami, disaster and mental health consequences." International Psychiatry 2, no. 8 (April 2005): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s1749367600007153.

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Reifels, Lennart, Lucio Naccarella, Grant Blashki, and Jane Pirkis. "Examining Disaster Mental Health Workforce Capacity." Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes 77, no. 2 (June 2014): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2014.77.2.199.

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Flynn, Brian W. "Thinking the Unthinkable: Disaster Mental Health." Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 39, no. 1 (January 1994): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/033789.

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Summerfield, Derek A. "“Disaster mental health”: lessons from Aberfan." BMJ 330, no. 7485 (January 27, 2005): 254.2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.330.7485.254-a.

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Parida, Pradeep Kumar. "Natural Disaster and Women’s Mental Health." Social Change 45, no. 2 (June 2015): 256–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085715574189.

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&NA;. "Methods for Disaster Mental Health Research." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 195, no. 8 (August 2007): 712–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e318126bdfe.

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Florio, Giacomo, and Jamla Rizek Bergman. "The Mental Health of Disaster Responders." Physician Assistant Clinics 4, no. 4 (October 2019): 795–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2019.06.007.

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Cheung, E. Y. L., E. Y. Y. Chan, H. P. Lam, C. L. Y. Lin, and P. P. Y. Lee. "(A295) Post Disaster Mental Health among Ethnic Minorities in Rural China: Results from Qualitative Studies." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s82—s83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11002792.

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BackgroundChina has one of the countries with highest occurrence of disasters and disasters are disproportionately affecting rural area of China where ethnic minorities are inhibiting. Limited studies have been conducted to examine how mental health of ethnic minorities in China might be affected by disasters. Through qualitative focus group study methods, this multi-site project examines the mental health impact of disasters in ethnic minority groups in rural China.Methods20 focus groups were conducted in rural Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Hainan province of China to understand the mental health impact and coping of disasters during 2008–2010. Ethnic minority groups including Tai, Naxi, Li, Jiang and Hui affected by earthquake, flooding, mudslide, storm and snow storm were included for the focus group interviews. Guided questions were used and male and female participants participated separately in different groups. Focus groups were held at common area within the village and were all type recorded and transcribed for analyses. Saturation of data was reached and thematic analyses were conducted.ResultsWhilst distress, including mood disturbance, sleep problems and heightened arousal after disaster occurrences, were reported among respondents, when compared with Han Chinese affected in disasters, ethnic minority respondents reported more resilience and coping capacity post disaster. Gender impact and gaps in mental health service were identified.ConclusionStudy results disparities in resilience and coping behavior among different ethnic groups in China. More in-depth studies should be conducted to understand post disaster mental health needs and service utilization of ethnic minorities in China.

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Walser, Robyn D., Josef I. Ruzek, Amy E. Naugle, Christine Padesky, Diana M. Ronell, and Ken Ruggiero. "Disaster and Terrorism: Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 19, no. 1 (March 2004): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00001485.

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AbstractThe mental health effects of disaster and terrorism have moved to the forefront in the recent past following the events of 11 September 2001 in the United States. Although there has been a protracted history by mental health researchers and practitioners to study, understand, prevent, and treat mental health problems arising as a result of disasters and terrorism, there still is much to learn about the effects and treatment of trauma. Continued communication among disaster workers, first-response medical personnel, and mental health professionals is part of this process. This paper outlines current knowledge regarding the psychological effects of trauma and best cognitive-behavioral practices used to treat trauma reactions. More specifically, the information presented is a summary of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) interventions that are relevant for responding to and dealing with the aftermath of disasters.

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James, Leah Emily, Courtney Welton-Mitchell, John Roger Noel, and Alexander Scott James. "Integrating mental health and disaster preparedness in intervention: a randomized controlled trial with earthquake and flood-affected communities in Haiti." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719000163.

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AbstractBackgroundGiven the frequency of natural hazards in Haiti, disaster risk reduction is crucial. However, evidence suggests that many people exposed to prior disasters do not engage in disaster preparedness, even when they receive training and have adequate resources. This may be partially explained by a link between mental health symptoms and preparedness; however, these components are typically not integrated in intervention.MethodsThe current study assesses effectiveness of an integrated mental health and disaster preparedness intervention. This group-based model was tested in three earthquake-exposed and flood-prone communities (N = 480), across three time points, using a randomized controlled trial design. The 3-day community-based intervention was culturally-adapted, facilitated by trained Haitian lay mental health workers, and focused on enhancing disaster preparedness, reducing mental health symptoms, and fostering community cohesion.ResultsConsistent with hypotheses, the intervention increased disaster preparedness, reduced symptoms associated with depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and functional impairment, and increased peer-based help-giving and help-seeking. Mediation models indicated support for the underlying theoretical model, such that the effect of the intervention on preparedness was mediated by mental health, and that effects on mental health were likewise mediated by preparedness.ConclusionsThe community-based mental health-integrated disaster preparedness intervention is effective in improving mental health and preparedness among community members in Haiti vulnerable to natural hazards. This brief intervention has the potential to be scaled up for use with other communities vulnerable to earthquakes, seasonal flooding, and other natural hazards.

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Shultz, J. M., Y. Neria, Z. Espinel, and F. Kelly. "(A15) Trauma Signature Analysis: Evidence-Based Guidance for Disaster Mental Health Response." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11000288.

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IntroductionThe first decade of the 2000s has advanced the field of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) in disasters by providing expert consensus guidance. Nevertheless, MHPSS response to major disasters is frequently uncoordinated and rarely based on scientific evidence. Moreover, MHPSS response is not customized to the unique constellation of stressors and psychological risk factors that distinguish each disaster event. To address this lack of science and specificity, we have developed trauma signature (TSIG) analysis.MethodsTSIG analysis consists of the following steps. Risk factors for disaster-related psychological distress and psychopathology (e.g., PTSD, depression) are continuously documented, updated, and refined. When disaster strikes, situation reports (sitreps) are issued in the early aftermath. We examine initial sitreps to determine the presence and intensity of evidence-based risk factors, subsumed under the headings of exposure to hazards, loss, and change. We estimate the size of the affected population. We rapidly create an initial TSIG and translate findings into actionable guidance regarding probable MHPSS needs for services and personnel.ResultsWe have constructed TSIGs for prominent 2010 disasters: Haiti earthquake, Deepwater Horizon oil spill, and Pakistan monsoonal flooding. Psychological risk factor profiles contrast sharply across these three salient events. Regarding exposure to hazards, numbers of persons experiencing physical injury and perceiving threat to life are highly divergent. Losses differ dramatically when quantified in terms of deaths, numbers bereaved, homes and livelihoods lost, and economic toll. The degree of lifestyle and societal change, including displacement, lack of survival needs, lack of security, and interpersonal violence, also differentiates the psychological impact of these disparate events.ConclusionTSIG analysis can be used to provide rapid post-impact/pre-deployment MHPSS response guidance based on risk factor assessment. Using TSIG analysis, MHPSS response can be tailored and timed to the defining features of the disaster event.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Disaster mental health'

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