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1
Assens, Nathalie 1979. "Risk management and disaster relief operations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8035.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).
During 2002, some 11,000 people throughout the world were killed in natural catastrophes and man-made disasters were responsible for 10,000 fatalities worldwide; flood claimed the most victims with more than a third of the fatalities caused by natural disasters. Indeed, people will always face natural disasters, but it seems that disasters nowadays are frequently generated by or aggravated by human activities. The poverty as well as the increase of the density of the population is making the world more and more vulnerable since more people are living in riskier situations. The number of people at risk is growing every year and most of this population is located in developing countries where resources are limited. The purpose of this study is to identify the different types of risk and risk management in order to increase the participation of the private sector in disaster relief operations. This could generate the incentive for a collaborative work in an effective and efficient manner despite the number of agencies involved in disaster relief and fund raising in the corporate world. After providing an overview of the risk management concepts, this thesis will focus on assessing risks and ways to mitigate them before presenting risk transfer. Finally, there will be an emphasis on the importance and the role of Information Technology in Disaster Risk Management activities.
by Nathalie Assens.
S.M.
2
Mechler, Reinhard. "Natural disaster risk management and financing disaster losses in developing countries /." Karlsruhe : VVW, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39236264t.
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3
Häggberg, David. "Ground-Breaking Contingency Planning with Risk- & Disaster Management : A Case Study at Höganäs Japan K.K." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-43868.
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Final Thesis, Master of Business Administration & Economic Program, Field of Research: Management, School of Business & Economics at Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden, 4FE10E, Spring 2015. Author: David Häggberg Supervisor: Richard Nakamura (Daniel Ericsson) Title: Ground-Breaking Contingency Planning with Risk- & Disaster Management Subtitle: A Case Study at Höganäs Japan K.K. Background: On the 11th of March 2011, Japan was hit with one of the largestearthquakes in modern history at a magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter scale. Thiscaused wide spreading and lasting delays in production in large parts of the worlddue to organizations supply chain being connected to Japan. Subsequently RiskManagement has received renewed and increasing attention, both in Japan and therest of the world. The proactive concept of Risk Management primary builds itsmodels around probability and utilizes this concept as a basis for determining whichrisks that should be mitigated through countermeasures and financial investments.Though when faced with an environment filled with uncertainty and an additionallevel of indirect risk exposure due to the potential domino effect of natural disasterssuch as earthquakes, can Risk Management really handle that, a world whereprobability fails? The reactive approach used by Disaster Management mightcontain clues for making Risk Management more flexible. Research Question: How can a transnational corporation adapt their RiskManagement strategy and plan for contingencies in a country with an unstablenatural environment? Purpose: This thesis seeks to investigate how a strategy for Risk Management canbe created and adapted with the regard to uncertainties such as an unstableenvironmental situation. The goal is further to highlight how traditional RiskManagement can be combined with other related areas such as DisasterManagement, in order to make a more complete strategy and a more flexible plan foraction. An adaption to the Risk Management strategy that would be made in order tomake the strategy applicable on a global level and including areas with unstableenvironmental situations. Method: This study has utilized a multi-strategy approach and the main source ofdata for this case study has come from semi-structured interviews and acomplementary survey. The author has found it necessary to adopt a pragmaticstandpoint with a qualitative focus in order to explore the research question andunderstand the collected data to its fullest extent. Conclusion: Adopting the local practices and mindset that strives to constantlysecure the supply chain and fulfill customer obligations by creating contingenciesthe risk exposure can be mitigated. Utilizing a quickly adaptable approach instead oflong-term planning in combination with concepts such as a Disaster Recovery Planthe Risk Management strategy can be altered towards becoming more flexible.
4
Mafimisebi, Oluwasoye Patrick. "Self-inflicted disasters : moral disengagement in unconventional risk, crisis and disaster management strategy." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2017. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/selfinflicted-disasters(67813d30-32ea-411a-abcb-2aeabcebcd7a).html.
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The impacts of unconventional risks and crises on organisation survival have shifted the focus not just to risk and crisis management but also on business continuity and organisational resilience. At the same time, the effectiveness of current risk and crisis management models or strategies in dealing with unconventional risks and crises remain a challenge, not least due to the regular re-occurrence of similar events. However, this thesis contends that the value of existing models of risk and crisis management is overestimated, resulting in risk underestimation and the same issues becoming evident, repeatedly. This thesis calls for need to subjecting risk/crisis management theories and models to more rigorous testing and re-evaluation against reality. Two significant unconventional crises were analysed within the context of risk/crisis management literature. It was found that moral disengagement is responsible for the difficulties in managing the response to each of the incidents. At the root of most organisational crises, ethical dilemmas underpin the decisionmaking of leaders and organisational members which are suggested to have initiated a chain of events leading to those crises. It is argued that an awareness of selective risk perception, crisis miscommunication, inflated ethical business practice, trust deficit, organised corporate irresponsibility and moral disengagement is crucial towards improving the management of the Niger Delta crises and similar incidents in future. The thesis also found that issues of moral disengagement mechanisms are responsible for generating competing constructions of unconventional risks, crises and disasters. This thesis demonstrated that moral disengagement mechanisms weaken or destroy established approaches to mitigating and managing risks and crises; facilitate sanctionable behaviours in risk, crisis and disaster situations without self-condemnation; and help to maintain high moral self-image even in obviously detrimental and unethical conducts. It was argued that part of the reason for this was that organisations did not consider a link between moral disengagement and risk/crisis management to determine whether organisational crises are self-inflicted or within organisational risk appetite before escalation. This conceptualisation of moral disengagement contributes to better understanding of risk and crisis evolution and the wider implications for organisational resilience and growth. Of importance was the recognition that decision-based model of risk and crisis management could have address each of the issues that were identified in the case studies. The research implications and limitations were carefully discussed.
5
Uluturk, Gulcan. "Local Administrations And Disaster Risk Management In Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608018/index.pdf.
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Global policies in disaster management have radically changed since 1990s, shifting
the previously entrenched emphasis on emergency management, towards new
applications of risk management. A series of international declarations expressed the
determination and principles to reduce risks at every level, which were followed by
many national governments. The disaster management system in Turkey seems to
tend towards this approach, not necessarily based on an awareness of the global
trends, but due to the severe impacts of the 1999 events. Since no understanding and
political commitment for disaster mitigation prevails in Turkey, risk mitigation
planning at every level is yet far from being effective.
This claim constitutes the basic working hypothesis of the study. Verification of the
hypothesis is based on a comparative analysis of the organizational structures of the
selected countries, and a survey of recent local performance. The framework
developed by the Kobe Conference is employed in both analyses. The former
analysis indicated that despite the new institutional developments like &lsquoconstruction supervision&rsquo
and &lsquo
obligatory insurance&rsquo
, Turkey in its disaster policy is still far from a comprehensive mitigation approach in terms of the Kobe criteria. Although the laws of local administrations now contain new tasks of city-level disaster management, not only confusions between pre-disaster and post-disaster responsibilities prevail, but no operational guidance is given for the fulfillment these responsibilities. A whole range of activities are therefore in need of being streamlined into the tasks of urban planning in the reduction of disaster risks. With the amendment of laws, modification of the professional practice and the training of planners are expected.
6
Alzahmi, M. "The collaborative risk assessment environment in disaster management." Thesis, University of Salford, 2015. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/38030/.
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In the past century the occurrence of natural disasters and man-made disasters have steadily increased with a significant loss of life, damage caused to infrastructure and property, and destruction of the environment. There is much evidence that natural disasters are growing on a global level. Dealing with disasters demand the involvement of a range of agencies collaborating and making collaborative decision. This research has identified the need for a collaborative platform to bring together a variety of information to enable multi-agencies to prepare for disasters and to enhance the resilience of cities. Risk assessment is a crucial aspect within the activities of multi-agencies. Risk assessment enhances emergency planning which can then be tested by detailed appraisals and exercises. Whenever risk assessment is updated, plans are revised and additional tests are carried out. Risk assessment helps multi-agency planners decide what resource requirements they need and what multi-agency activities need to be planned collaboratively in order to prepare for disaster. The aim of this research is to investigate the nature of an interactive map that can enhance multi-agency team collaboration in the risk assessment process in disaster management. This research uses the six-step risk assessment process used in Australia and New Zealand which is widely recognized as being good practice. These steps are Contextualization, Hazard Review, Risk Analysis, Risk Evaluation, Risk Treatment and Monitoring and Reviewing (Standards Australia/Standards New Zealand Standard Committee, AS/NZS ISO 31000:2009). In this research, the characteristics of a suitable interactive map for risk assessment was defined in collaboration with the senior practitioners within a multi-agency team in the UK. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the senior managers of Category 1 responders in The Greater Manchester Local Resilience Forum (GMLRF) to capture the requirements for a multi-agency collaboration platform. The outcome of these interviews were used to capture the characteristics and develop the a prototype of the interactive map that can support risk assessment. Once implemented, the validation of the interactive map prototype was conducted involving senior practitioners of stakeholders in the GMLRF development group. The experiment was held in the THINKpod in ThinkLab, at the University of Salford. A total of 23 senior practitioners took part in the evaluation experiment. After a demonstration of a scenario and using the interactive map, the participants evaluated the prototype as a group and then completed questionnaires that xv featured range of open, closed and rating scale questions. These questionnaires were designed to evaluate the perceived effectiveness and impact of the interactive map on strengthening collaboration among the multi-agency teams during risk assessment. The outcome of the evaluation shows a good level of satisfaction among the practitioners. The overall result suggests that the professionals view the interactive map as a good platform to support collaboration multi-agency teams in risk assessment activity.
7
Kabaka, Martha Nthambi. "Disaster preparedness and administrative capacity of the disaster risk management centre of the city of Cape Town." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4096.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAThe occurrence of disasters around the world has in the past few decades increased at an alarming rate, which has necessitated an urgent need for mitigation strategies. As part of its planning and precautionary measures in responding to disasters, the City of Cape Town(CoCT) established a Disaster Risk Management Centre (DRMC) to co-ordinate such occurrences. This study is focused on investigating to what extent the CoCT’s DRMC has prepared individuals and communities to stay resilient.South Africa lies within a region of Southern Africa that has a semi-arid to arid climate,thereby making most parts of the country vulnerable to numerous disasters. Given the prevalence of the localised disasters in the country, they have the potential to overwhelm the capacity of any affected community. Furthermore, in 2011, the CoCT was approached by the International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives(ICLEI) to sign up as a Role Model City for the “Making Cities Resilient--My City is Getting Ready’’ Campaign, in collaboration with UNISDR. It became the first in South African City to be granted “Role Model City’’ status, becoming the second African city to be designated as a ‘‘Role Model City’’.The findings of this study indicate that the CoCT, through its DRMC, has tried to heighten awareness in communities to prepare them against disasters. Another important finding is that there is inadequate involvement of communities in CoCT training programmes. Poorer communities, which are mostly affected by disasters, barely receive any form of capacity building, that is, through training. In addition, the language of communication used in brochures, leaflets and other forms of media is mostly in English and Afrikaans, while the majority of people living in informal settlements speak isiXhosa. The study provides an insight into the need to consolidate strategies to address disaster management
8
Taylan, Arzu. "Urban Disaster Risk Management With Compulsory Earthquake Insurance In Turkey." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611234/index.pdf.
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Turkish Compulsory Earthquake Insurance (ZDS) introduced after the 1999 Earthquakes aimed to
lower financial burdens of the State and to promote safer building construction. High earthquake risk
in Turkey necessitates risk mitigation, in line with the priority of the new international policy. Yet, the
ZDS system operates without regard to risk mitigation, and it is far from being a compulsory condition.
The ZDS system has low penetration ratios due to expectations of State-aid in the event of a disaster,
which arise from perceived attributes of ZDS, according to the findings of the Zeytinburnu household
survey. The ZDS system generates social inequalities because purchase of the ZDS contracts is
voluntary. This is related to higher social statuses and general insurance purchase behavior, whereas
insured homeowners in middle-lower income levels are observed to differ significantly from un-insured
homeowners in their perception of the ZDS purchase as &lsquocompulsory&rsquo
and as a form of &lsquo
social solidarity&rsquo
. Operation of the ZDS disregarding risk mitigation seems to promote fatalistic attitudes andTurkish Compulsory Earthquake Insurance (ZDS) introduced after the 1999 Earthquakes aimed to lower financial burdens of the State and to promote safer building construction. High earthquake risk in Turkey necessitates risk mitigation, in line with the priority of the new international policy. Yet, the ZDS system operates without regard to risk mitigation, and it is far from being a compulsory condition. The ZDS system has low penetration ratios due to expectations of State-aid in the event of a disaster, which arise from perceived attributes of ZDS, according to the findings of the Zeytinburnu household survey. The ZDS system generates social inequalities because purchase of the ZDS contracts is voluntary. This is related to higher social statuses and general insurance purchase behavior, whereas insured homeowners in middle-lower income levels are observed to differ significantly from un-insured homeowners in their perception of the ZDS purchase as &lsquo
compulsory&rsquo
and as a form of &lsquo
social solidarity&rsquo
. Operation of the ZDS disregarding risk mitigation seems to promote fatalistic attitudes and reluctance to conform with requirements of risk mitigation. Low penetration ratio and high earthquake risk threaten efficiency of the ZDS system and does not reduce burdens of the State. Based on survey findings, a more appropriate strategy for the achievement of resilience against earthquakes could be possible through the collaboration of the ZDS system with local administrations. It is observed that by means of a &lsquo
Grant Program&rsquo
, there may be abundant reason and evidence to achieve convertion of the ZDS system from a post-disaster loss compensation mechanism to a predisaster risk reduction benefactor. Supporting municipalities to produce urban risk maps could reduce risks by more accurate estimation of potential losses, and an extended coverage of the ZDS system to urban risks. Relationship analyses between homeowners&rsquo
attributes, perceptions and tendencies toward alternative policies indicate the necessity of introducing policies based risk-rated premiums. Homeowners are observed as requiring technical and financial assistance to take mitigation measures, decisions under individualized conditions, on the other hand, seem to reinforce fatalistic attitudes and reluctance due to the disregard of risk mitigation benefits and ZDS purchase. Waste of public resources and creation of social inequalities could be prevented by enhancing the capacities of local authorities to implement urban risk mitigation plans and community-based projects via a Grant Program. &lsquo
Relationship analyses&rsquo
of the attitudes of homeowners for alternative policies with respect to their attributes and perceptions revealed that a Grant Program could result in the perception of the ZDS system as a form of social solidarity in risk mitigation. This is to reduce fatalistic attitudes, and curb reluctance compared to individualized conditions of insurance purchase. As a result, willingness to mitigate risks through active participation and purchase of ZDS contracts, particularly among homeowners in the middle-lower socio-economic statuses are likely to expand leading to a resilience society.
9
Ophiyandri, T. "Project risk management for community-based post-disaster housing reconstruction." Thesis, University of Salford, 2013. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/30661/.
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Indonesia is a country that is highly susceptible to disasters, particularly earthquakes. In the last decade, Indonesia has been hit by three large earthquakes; Aceh in December 2004, Yogyakarta in May 2006, and West Sumatra in September 2009. These earthquakes have created considerable losses to Indonesian communities, leading to 130,000 fatalities, US$10.3 billions in economic losses, and 500,000 heavily damaged houses. The extensiveness of housing reconstruction is the most problematic issue in the housing reconstruction programme sector. Although a community-based post-disaster housing reconstruction project (CPHRP) has been implemented, nevertheless the outcome was overshadowed by delays in delivery, cost escalation, unexpected quality, and community dissatisfaction. The implementation of good practice in project risk management in the construction industry is expected to enhance the success of CPHRP. Accordingly, this study aims to develop a risk management model for community-based post-disaster housing reconstruction approach. In order to achieve the aim and objective of the research, multiple case studies are selected as research strategies. This study implements the sequential mixed method application, starting with a semi-structured interview and followed by a questionnaire survey as the primary method. Content analysis was used to analyse qualitative data, whilst descriptive and inferential statistics were deployed to analyse quantitative data. The novelty of the research is as follows: this study reveals the importance of the understanding of a community-based approach in post-disaster housing reconstruction. Four highly significant advantages of CPHRP have been discovered, the most significant advantage being that it ‘creates a sense of ownership’ to beneficiaries of the project. The psychological advantage of CPHRP was also found to be greater than the construction advantage. Furthermore, the risk assessment revealed some high-risk events during the pre-construction stage of CPHRP. The project objective most affected by them is project time completion. A risk response document has also been proposed. Moreover, this study found twelve critical success factors (CSFs) of CPHRP, with the highest of the CSFs being ‘transparency and accountability’. With careful attention paid to the above findings, it is expected that the success of the implementation of CPHRP can be increased.
10
Gowan, Monica Elizabeth. "Self-Management of Disaster Risk and Uncertainty: The Role of Preventive Health in Building Disaster Resilience." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Health Sciences Centre, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7605.
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One of the great challenges facing human systems today is how to prepare for, manage, and adapt successfully to the profound and rapid changes wreaked by disasters. Wellington, New Zealand, is a capital city at significant risk of devastating earthquake and tsunami, potentially requiring mass evacuations with little or short notice. Subsequent hardship and suffering due to widespread property damage and infrastructure failure could cause large areas of the Wellington Region to become uninhabitable for weeks to months.
Previous research has shown that positive health and well-being are associated with disaster-resilient outcomes. Preventing adverse outcomes before disaster strikes, through developing strengths-based skill sets in health-protective attitudes and behaviours, is increasingly advocated in disaster research, practise, and management. This study hypothesised that well-being constructs involving an affective heuristic play vital roles in pathways to resilience as proximal determinants of health-protective behaviours. Specifically, this study examined the importance of health-related quality of life and subjective well-being in motivating evacuation preparedness, measured in a community sample (n=695) drawn from the general adult population of Wellington’s isolated eastern suburbs.
Using a quantitative epidemiological approach, the study measured the prevalence of key quality of life indicators (physical and mental health, emotional well-being or “Sense of Coherence”, spiritual well-being, social well-being, and life satisfaction) using validated psychometric scales; analysed the strengths of association between these indicators and the level of evacuation preparedness at categorical and continuous levels of measurement; and tested the predictive power of the model to explain the variance in evacuation preparedness activity. This is the first study known to examine multi-dimensional positive health and global well-being as resilient processes for engaging in evacuation preparedness behaviour.
A cross-sectional study design and quantitative survey were used to collect self-report data on the study variables; a postal questionnaire was fielded between November 2008 and March 2009 to a sampling frame developed through multi-stage cluster randomisation. The survey response rate was 28.5%, yielding a margin of error of +/- 3.8% with 95% confidence and 80% statistical power to detect a true correlation coefficient of 0.11 or greater.
In addition to the primary study variables, data were collected on demographic and ancillary variables relating to contextual factors in the physical environment (risk perception of physical and personal vulnerability to disaster) and the social environment (through the construct of self-determination), and other measures of disaster preparedness. These data are reserved for future analyses.
Results of correlational and regression analyses for the primary study variables show that Wellingtonians are highly individualistic in how their well-being influences their preparedness, and a majority are taking inadequate action to build their resilience to future disaster from earthquake- or tsunami-triggered evacuation. At a population level, the conceptual multi-dimensional model of health-related quality of life and global well-being tested in this study shows a positive association with evacuation preparedness at statistically significant levels. However, it must be emphasised that the strength of this relationship is weak, accounting for only 5-7% of the variability in evacuation preparedness.
No single dimension of health-related quality of life or well-being stands out as a strong predictor of preparedness. The strongest associations for preparedness are in a positive direction for spiritual well-being, emotional well-being, and life satisfaction; all involve a sense of existential meaningfulness. Spiritual well-being is the only quality of life variable making a statistically significant unique contribution to explaining the variance observed in the regression models. Physical health status is weakly associated with preparedness in a negative direction at a continuous level of measurement. No association was found at statistically significant levels for mental health status and social well-being. These findings indicate that engaging in evacuation preparedness is a very complex, holistic, yet individualised decision-making process, and likely involves highly subjective considerations for what is personally relevant. Gender is not a factor. Those 18-24 years of age are least likely to prepare and evacuation preparedness increases with age.
Multidimensional health and global well-being are important constructs to consider in disaster resilience for both pre-event and post-event timeframes. This work indicates a need for promoting self-management of risk and building resilience by incorporating a sense of personal meaning and importance into preparedness actions, and for future research into further understanding preparedness motivations.
11
Sambo, Mogamat Fadeel. "An investigation into Business Continuity Plan (BCP) failure during a disaster event." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4575.
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Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM)This thesis examines what a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) should comprise off, as well as the difference between a BCP and a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) and the key elements of an effective BCP as well as the different types of disasters. It also investigates why companies that have BCP in place and conducts testing of their plan on a regular basis, either quarterly or bi-annually, still experience prolonged downtime during a disaster resulting in Service Level Agreements (SLA) not being met or major financial loses. It also inspects acceptable processes within a BCP to determine whether there are ways of improving these processes to prevent companies from experiencing prolonged downtime. The objective of this research is to determine and understand: Why organisations within the Western Cape experience prolonged downtimes during a disaster event. The potential deficiencies in a BCP and how they can be amended. A case study of four companies based in the Western Cape was conducted. These companies were chosen because each of them has a BCP in place and each have experienced prolonged downtime during a disaster. Qualitative interviews with the aid of an open-ended questionnaire were used to interview the BCP or Risk Manager of each company. The data was analysed to determine what the causes of their prolonged downtime were during a disaster. In the analysis and findings process each company is presented as a separate case study. The intension with this research study is to add an additional concept to the Common BCP Process that was identified within this study and that formed the basis for the Conceptual Framework, thereby reducing the downtime during a disaster for the companies that formed part of the research.
12
Horne, Anita F. "Job satisfaction in high risk disaster city group homes." Thesis, University of Phoenix, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3577288.
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High staff turnover in private group homes decreases organizational stability. There are a large number of developmentally disabled individuals in group homes of the high risk disaster city of New Orleans, indicating the need for stability from high staff turnover indicated by job satisfaction. The problem investigated in this study was the recognized difficulty in maintaining job satisfaction in order to retain staff in group homes of the high risk disaster city of New Orleans. The purpose of this study was to examine what factors contribute to job satisfaction. The variables examined were hours worked per week, years of service, salary, and employee benefits. A quantitative research study was employed to determine what factors significantly contributed to job satisfaction using a multiple regression methodology. The population in this study included direct service workers compiled of caregivers, nurses, and managers within three organizations facilitating group homes in the New Orleans area. From this population of employees the sample size resulted in 163 direct service workers. Questionnaires were used to collect data using Spector’s (1985) Job Satisfaction Survey as the instrument. A multiple regression design was used to analyze the factors influencing job satisfaction. Findings in the study determined that employee benefits significantly contributed to job satisfaction wherein hours worked per week, years of service, and salaries were not significant predictors of job satisfaction. Statistically significant results for benefits received resulted in t = 2.99 and p = .003. The results of the study provided insight into high risk disaster area group homes wherein managing staff turnover is specifically difficult.
13
Hossain, Mokter. "Self-Organisation in the Governance of Disaster Risk Management in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4398_1269463590.
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A disaster always means a huge death toll, displacement and inconceivable destruction for a poor country such as Bangladesh. Recently, Bangladesh has taken a holistic approach to prioritising interrelated activities and the involvement of various organisations in disaster management. A number of disaster management committees (DMCs) have been formed to coordinate and implement risk reduction measures. But the levels of success of these organisations have varied in different regions. Improper consideration of local knowledge, corruption of actors, lack of coordination and capacity of actors, etc., are perceived as major causes of this. Primarily, this mini-thesis aims to measure the impact of self-organisation in disaster risk management.
14
Buwa, Mbulelo M. "Public-private partnerships in disaster management: A case-study of the city of cape town." University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4029.
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Masters in Public Administration - MPAGreater capacity for cities to be disaster resilient is needed. Public-private partnership enhances municipal capacity. This study therefore, interrogates the relationship between the City of Cape Town and its disaster relief partners. It is mainly concerned with policy implementation, and as such, investigates disaster management policy implementation in relation to public-private partnerships. The objectivesof the study were to provide a conceptual framework that defines the terms eminent in the practice and study of disaster management, particularly those that characterize public-private partnerships in the City of Cape Town; to explore the legislative mandate that makes provisions for disaster management and the funding of public-private partnerships in municipalities; to document the current practice of public-private partnerships in the City of Cape Town; to highlight noted challenges in the partnership and where necessary, recommend alternative policy implementation options for enhanced partnership sustainable capacity for disaster relief. The researcher deemed it expedient to utilize the qualitative method for the purposes of the adeptness it affords in expediting malleable, arduous investigation in engaging with the phenomena that “unfold[s] in real-world situations.” As far as the findings of this study are concerned, the public-private partnership of the City of Cape Town with its disaster relief partners is a successful one. It is effective in bringing the much needed awareness and relief to devastated communities. There are four main challenges that impact on this disaster relief partnership have been realized by this study. These namely are the delays in the reimbursement process, the constant change of government personnel dealing with relief partners, absence of a disaster relief official on the sites of distress and unsubsidized expenses incurred by the relief partners. Having realized these challenges, the study makes policy implementation recommendations.
15
Sambo, Mogamat Fadeel. "An investigation into business continuity plan (BCP) failure during a disaster event." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4241.
Full textAbstract:
Magister Commercii (Information Management) - MCom(IM)This thesis examines what a Business Continuity Plan (BCP) should comprise off, as well as the difference between a BCP and a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) and the key elements of an effective BCP as well as the different types of disasters. It also investigates why companies that have BCP in place and conducts testing of their plan on a regular basis, either quarterly or bi-annually, still experience prolonged downtime during a disaster resulting in Service Level Agreements (SLA) not being met or major financial loses. It also inspects acceptable processes within a BCP to determine whether there are ways of improving these processes to prevent companies from experiencing prolonged downtime. The objective of this research is to determine and understand: • Why organisations within the Western Cape experience prolonged downtimes during a disaster event • The potential deficiencies in a BCP and how they can be amended.
16
Faraji, Mahdi. "SEISMIC PERFORMANCE AND DISASTER MANAGEMENT OF INTERDEPENDENT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURES." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/160998.
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17
Nielsen, Samuel William. "Public education for disaster management : a phenomenographic investigation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16162/1/Samuel_Nielsen_Thesis.pdf.
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Many recent developments in education theory and the field of disaster management have left the meaning of public education as applied in the disaster management field fraught with uncertainty. This thesis addresses this uncertainty via a phenomenographic research study that sheds light on the meaning of public education, despite such uncertainty, by revealing a discrete number of qualitatively different ways in which disaster managers and disaster educators experience and understand public education. Transcriptions of interviews of 25 such senior Australian disaster managers and educators were analysed using phenomenographic methods and revealed a set of discrete, parsimonious and qualitatively different ways of experiencing public education. The referential component of the different ways of experiencing was revealed within ten emergent categories of description for public education: (i) a non-effective process; (ii) a way of managing a public issue; (iii) promoting an issue; (iv) issuing expert instructions; (v) changing individuals; (vi) strategic teaching and training; (vii) collaborative partnerships; (viii) empowering learners to make informed decisions; (ix) negotiation; and (x) element in societal learning. The structural component of the emergent ways of experiencing public education was presented in the form of a phenomenographic outcome space. Linkages between these findings about public education and current literature were made. The results suggested multiple ways to improve public education within the disaster management community and more widely. The need for clarity in communication amongst educators and professionals in regard to public education was confirmed by the research findings. Insights into phenomenography and education were included within the discussion.
18
Nielsen, Samuel William. "Public Education for Disaster Management: A Phenomenographic Investigation." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16162/.
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Many recent developments in education theory and the field of disaster management have left the meaning of public education as applied in the disaster management field fraught with uncertainty. This thesis addresses this uncertainty via a phenomenographic research study that sheds light on the meaning of public education, despite such uncertainty, by revealing a discrete number of qualitatively different ways in which disaster managers and disaster educators experience and understand public education. Transcriptions of interviews of 25 such senior Australian disaster managers and educators were analysed using phenomenographic methods and revealed a set of discrete, parsimonious and qualitatively different ways of experiencing public education. The referential component of the different ways of experiencing was revealed within ten emergent categories of description for public education: (i) a non-effective process; (ii) a way of managing a public issue; (iii) promoting an issue; (iv) issuing expert instructions; (v) changing individuals; (vi) strategic teaching and training; (vii) collaborative partnerships; (viii) empowering learners to make informed decisions; (ix) negotiation; and (x) element in societal learning. The structural component of the emergent ways of experiencing public education was presented in the form of a phenomenographic outcome space. Linkages between these findings about public education and current literature were made. The results suggested multiple ways to improve public education within the disaster management community and more widely. The need for clarity in communication amongst educators and professionals in regard to public education was confirmed by the research findings. Insights into phenomenography and education were included within the discussion.
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An, Gie Yong. "A Social-Ecological Approach to Understanding Natural Disaster Preparedness and Risk Perception amongst Immigrants: A Multi-Method Inquiry." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37007.
Full textAbstract:
To increase disaster preparedness in immigrants, risk communication and management need to be tailored to their needs and concerns. To this end, research needs to uncover how immigrants construe natural disaster risks and issues in the context of the receiving community’s social environment, and how their experiences compared to the general population. The goal of this thesis was to understand how risk perception and the social environment relate to immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ disaster preparedness. The relationship between risk perception and disaster preparedness was investigated in the first study. Analyses of the data from a national survey revealed that both groups shared three core risk perception dimensions: external responsibility for disaster management, self-preparedness responsibility, and illusiveness of preparedness. However, they differed in the salience of five risk perception beliefs. For both groups, external responsibility for disaster management and self-preparedness responsibility were positively associated with preparedness behaviours, whereas illusiveness of preparedness was negatively related to preparedness behaviours. In the second study, the relationship between community social capital and individuals’ preparedness behaviours was investigated. Analyses of two conceptually-linked national surveys revealed that neighbourhood contact and societal trust predicted during-disaster preparedness behaviours in both groups. Interestingly, societal trust positively predicted emergency planning in Canadian-born individuals but the reverse was true for immigrants. To provide a comprehensive social-ecological perspective, twenty-two individual interviews were conducted to explore immigrants and Canadian-born individuals’ lived experiences of natural disaster risks and issues. A unifying thread across five emergent themes showed that individuals did not perceive natural disaster risks as a valid threat and disaster preparedness as relevant to their daily lives because they believed that the positive social environment in Canada would mitigate the risks. For immigrants, the immigrant condition and culture shaped how they construed natural disaster risks and issues. Overall, findings suggest that risk communication and management need to focus on building human capital and social capital, use an all-of-society engagement approach, and reframe all-hazards preparedness as relevant for daily stressors. Specific for immigrants, disaster initiatives need to be tailored to the timeline of experience of being an immigrant within the context of their receiving communities.
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Reddy, Maliga. "An integrated model for disaster risk assessment for local government in South Africa / Maliga Reddy." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7409.
Full textAbstract:
The intensifying nature and extent of disasters together with the associated devastation and astronomical costs required to manage the rippling effects of disasters, enunciates the national and international focus on disaster risk reduction. Further the ever evolving and complex dynamics of risk as the decisive contributor to disasters has heightened the urgency to pursue effective disaster risk assessment as a prerequisite to inform the disaster risk management planning and disaster risk reduction intervention processes. A structured and systematic approach to disaster risk assessment assists in maintaining rigour thus promoting the quality and validity of the process and its outcomes. Appropriate models serve as valuable tools in enabling this methodological perspective to undertake disaster risk assessment. The nonexistence of an appropriate disaster risk assessment model in South Africa has initiated the emphasis and purpose of this study thereby underscoring the critical need for the development of an effective, holistic and integrated disaster risk assessment model for local government in South Africa. In spear heading the process towards the development of an appropriate disaster risk assessment model, the research commenced with establishing and asserting the fundamental link between disaster risk assessment and disaster risk reduction as an avenue to contextualise and ground the key issues in effective disaster risk reduction.
The exploratory analysis engaged in presenting a theoretical construct of disaster risk assessment examined the core components informing the disaster risk assessment process. This discussion led to the comparative review of three disaster risk assessment models viz the Community-Wide Vulnerability and Capacity Assessment (CVCA) Model, the Community-Based Risk Reduction Model and the South African Disaster Risk Assessment Model interrogating the significant characteristics, structure and application of the models. The results of the comparison of the above three models provided the necessary insight for the development of the disaster risk assessment model for local government in South Africa. Further influenced by the outcomes of the applied research on the critical analysis of the current disaster risk assessment practice within the four selected municipalities representing local government in South Africa; viz eThekwini Metropolitan, Ekurhuleni Metropolitan, Bojanala District and Stellenbosch local Municipalities. Through the data coding, classification and interpretive process, constructive and correlated research findings were immanent guiding the final development of the integrated disaster risk assessment model for local government in South Africa.Thesis (Ph.D. (Public Management and Administration))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Gabriel, Campos Edwin. "Disaster risk management plan and environmental culture: an analysis from cuantitative approach." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119269.
Full textAbstract:
This study’s main objective is to determine whether there is any relationshio between the disaster risk management plan and the environmental culture of high school students in the Flagship Educational Institution - EEI Ricardo Bentín, district of Rímac; with the purpose of statistically establishing an association between the development of an environmental culture in students and an instrument of educational management. In this case, the disaster risk management plan, which is part of the management tools that any educational institution should have implemented. To this end, a population of 167 high school fifth graders was considered, of which 117 students were taken as sample. The study developed a quantitative, basic type approach of correlational, descriptive level, and cross, non-experimental design. The instrument used for the study was the measurement questionnaire Risk Management Plan and Environmental Culture. The general hypothesis of an existinf relationship between the risk management plan and environmental disaster culture of high school students the IEE Ricardo Bentín, Rímac - Lima, 2013 was proposed and determined, though according to the statistical results, this relationship is not significant but, on the contrary, low; suggesting that the development of environmental culture in students might be determined by other factors.El presente estudio tiene como principal objetivo determinar si existe alguna relación entre el plan de gestión de riesgos de desastres y la cultura ambiental de los estudiantes de secundaria de la Institución Educativa Emblemática - IEE Ricardo Bentín, del distrito del Rímac, con la finalidad de reconocer estadísticamente alguna asociación entre el desarrollo de la cultura ambiental en los estudiantes y algún instrumento de gestión educativa. En este caso ha sido el plan de gestión de riesgos de desastres, que forma parte de los instrumentos de gestión que toda institución educativa debe tener implementado. Para ello, se consideró una población de 167 estudiantes del quinto grado de secundaria, de los cuales se tomó una muestra de 117 estudiantes. El estudio desarrollado tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básico, nivel descriptivo correlacional, transversal, de diseño no experimental. El instrumento utilizado para el estudio fue el cuestionario de medición del Plan de Gestión de Riesgos y la Cultura Ambiental. Como hipótesis general se planteó y se logró determinar que sí existe una relación entre el plan de gestión de riesgos de desastres y la cultura ambiental de los estudiantes de secundaria de la IEE Ricardo Bentín, Rímac, Lima-2013, aunque, según los resultados estadísticos, esta relación no es significativa y por el contrario es baja, lo que sugiere que el desarrollo de la cultura ambiental en los estudiantes también estaría determinado por otros factores.
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Lozano, Basanta Juan Alfonso. "Disaster Risk Reduction contribution to Peacebuilding programmes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-228657.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to provide theoretical evidence that a disaster risk reduction perspective within peacebuilding programmes, particularly in countries where disasters and conflict overlap, can contribute positively to the transformation of conflict into sustainable peace. An increasing number of disasters in fragile states and countries affected by armed conflict has brought the attention to know in which way disasters and conflicts collide when they come to occur in the same area, and how disasters can influence on-going peace processes. In order to demonstrate that argument the thesis draws the evolution of the disaster risk management models and peacebuilding frameworks along the last decades and make use of a comprehensive theoretical background to support the subsequent analysis. This thesis contributes to the academic literature and humanitarian reports of studies describing the relation between disasters and conflict but, more concretely, it aims to fill the gap in research studying the links between a disaster risk reduction strategy and peacebuilding programmes. The conclusions of the thesis are that disaster risk reduction initiatives contribute positively in several ways to the different key areas of peacebuilding programmes either as concrete initiatives or as a crosscutting issue.El objeto de esta tesis es proporcionar sustento teórico a la idea de que una perspectiva de reducción de riesgos de desastre en el marco de programas de construcción de paz puede contribuir positivamente a transformar el conflicto en una paz sostenible, particularmente en países donde desastres naturales y conflicto confluyen. Un número creciente de desastres naturales que acontecen en estados frágiles o países afectados por conflicto armado atrae la atención de profesionales y académicos del ámbito humanitario con el fin de conocer mejor el modo en que conflicto y desastre natural se influyen mutuamente. Esta tesis describe la evolución en las últimas décadas de los modelos de gestión de riesgos de desastre y los marcos operacionales de construcción de paz, además, se sustenta en una amplia base teórica para llevar a cabo el análisis pertinente. La intención es contribuir modestamente a la literatura académica que se ocupa de estudiar la ayuda humanitaria, así como tratar de colaborar en encontrar posibles vínculos entre una estrategia de reducción de riesgos de desastre y los programas de construcción de paz. Las conclusiones de esta tesis indican que las iniciativas de reducción de riegos de desastre contribuyen positivamente en distintos aspectos de las áreas de trabajo de los programas de construcción de paz, ya sea como actividades concretas o como un eje transversal a todo el programa.
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Brown, Charlotte Olivia. "Disaster Waste Management: a systems approach." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Civil and Natural Resources Engineering, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7038.
Full textAbstract:
Depending on their nature and severity, disasters can create large volumes of debris and waste. Waste volumes from a single event can be the equivalent of many times the annual waste generation rate of the affected community. These volumes can overwhelm existing solid waste management facilities and personnel. Mismanagement of disaster waste can affect both the response and long term recovery of a disaster affected area.
Previous research into disaster waste management has been either context specific or event specific, making it difficult to transfer lessons from one disaster event to another. The aim of this research is to develop a systems understanding of disaster waste management and in turn develop context- and disaster-transferrable decision-making guidance for emergency and waste managers.
To research this complex and multi-disciplinary problem, a multi-hazard, multi-context, multi-case study approach was adopted. The research focussed on five major disaster events: 2011 Christchurch earthquake, 2009 Victorian Bushfires, 2009 Samoan tsunami, 2009 L’Aquila earthquake and 2005 Hurricane Katrina. The first stage of the analysis involved the development of a set of ‘disaster & disaster waste’ impact indicators. The indicators demonstrate a method by which disaster managers, planners and researchers can simplify the very large spectra of possible disaster impacts, into some key decision-drivers which will likely influence post-disaster management requirements. The second stage of the research was to develop a set of criteria to represent the desirable environmental, economic, social and recovery effects of a successful disaster waste management system. These criteria were used to assess the effectiveness of the disaster waste management approaches for the case studies. The third stage of the research was the cross-case analysis. Six main elements of disaster waste management systems were identified and analysed. These were: strategic management, funding mechanisms, operational management, environmental and human health risk management, and legislation and regulation. Within each of these system elements, key decision-making guidance (linked to the ‘disaster & disaster waste’ indicators) and management principles were developed.
The ‘disaster & disaster waste’ impact indicators, the effects assessment criteria and management principles have all been developed so that they can be practically applied to disaster waste management planning and response in the future.
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Munzhelele, Mmberegeni Mackson. "An evaluation of the implementation of the institutional capacity for disaster risk reduction (DRR) : the case of Capricorn District Municipality / Mmberegeni Mackson Munzhelele." Thesis, North-West University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8415.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1994, fundamental transformation has taken place in South Africa in terms of disaster risk management. The transformation processes have led to the promulgation of the Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act No 57 of 2002) that was heralded as a new era for disaster risk management in South Africa. Subsequently, the publication of the National Disaster Risk Management Framework (of 2005) provides a set of clear guidelines on the implementation of the Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act No 57 of 2002). The National Disaster Risk Management Framework underscores the significance of the integration and co-ordination of disaster risk management activities in all levels of government in South Africa. This emphasises the fact that Disaster risk management in South Africa has been established as a public sector function within each sphere of government. In its KPA1, the framework further emphasis the establishment of integrated disaster risk management structures by each sphere of government.
The disaster risk management structures, such as interdepartmental committees and a district forum have not yet been established in the Capricorn District Municipality. In cases where other structures have been established, the main challenge is the participation of all role players and the inconsistency in the representation of local municipality in those structures. Another gap is the lack of clear responsibility of disaster risk management in some of the internal key role players. This dissertation aims to evaluate the implementation of the institutional capacity for Disaster Risk Reduction in the Capricorn District Municipality. This dissertation caters for the reader within the theory of organisation. Subsequently, the disaster risk management structures were discussed, based on the requirements of both the Disaster Management Act, 2002 (Act No 57 of 2002) and a National Disaster Risk Management Framework policy document (of 2005). This dissertation made use of the one-on-one semi-structured interviews for data collection in the field of disaster risk management within the Capricorn District Municipality. As regards recommendations, this dissertation suggests a number of points that the Capricorn District Municipality needs to implement in order to fast-track the establishment of disaster risk management structures that could lead to progress in meeting the legislative mandate of Disaster Risk Reduction.Thesis (M. Development and management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011
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Falconi, Michael. "Awareness and Motivation in Collaborative Practice for Disaster Management." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31935.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are prevalent worldwide and there is a need to engage high-risk populations in collaborative disaster management activities to improve resilience that is inclusive of the whole community (Enarson, & Walsh, 2007). It is clear from extant literature that awareness has a supportive influence on collaboration, however there is need for a better understanding of how this interaction activates action toward collaborative disaster management activities (Mendoza et al., 2014; Na, Okada, & Fang, 2009), especially for high-risk populations (Enarson, & Walsh, 2007). Thus the purpose of this study was to understand how awareness activated individuals to collaborate in the EnRiCH asset-mapping task, to engage high-risk populations in disaster management activities and improve community resilience in future disasters. In this study we used qualitative content analysis to analyze audio-recorded semi-structured interviews to identify concepts and emergent themes. Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 2008) and the ED Model of Awareness (Kuziemsky & O’Sullivan, under review) were used as a framework for the study. Findings and elements of Self-Determination Theory were used to expand the ED Model of Awareness to demonstrate how awareness motivates collaborative action. This study concludes that awareness influences the psychological needs of competence and relatedness, both positively and negatively in different contexts, to motivate individuals toward collaboration and sustained action. This is depicted in the extended ED Model of Awareness and Action to demonstrate how awareness is situated in the interaction between the psychological needs, motivation, and collaborative action.
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Danish, Tawfig Yousef. "A knowledge-based decision support system for computer disaster prevention in IT centres." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2005.
Full textAbstract:
In analysing the extent to which adequate research work may have been undertaken in the specific area of computer disaster prevention, it was found that little work had been done. In the real-life situation, it was also concluded that, in the vast majority of cases, no adequate disaster prevention controls were in use at IT installations. Guidance for the analysis and management of the risk associated with computer disasters, as a result, has also been inadequate and lacking in uniformity, specially in the areas of risk identification and risk entities interactions and relationships. This research has involved developing and delivering a methodology which would help IT risk managers in implementing effective computer disaster prevention controls. A knowledge based system (KBS) approach has been used to build a prototype system which provides full support in this important area of decision making, and to show how the representation of risks can be handled.
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Saja, Abdul Majeed Aslam. "Surrogate approach to assess social resilience in disaster management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2020. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/198048/1/Abdul%20Majeed%20Aslam_Saja_Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an innovative approach to assess social resilience in disaster management using surrogate approach. Surrogates are explored by identifying key facets of target indicators, when target indicators are complex and/or not feasible to measure directly. The existing social resilience measurements are not always practical or effective due to conceptual and methodical constraints. This thesis devised and tested an integrated surrogate development framework to conceptualize, identify, and evaluate surrogates for assessing social resilience. The findings will guide policy makers and practitioners, particularly at the local and sub-national levels, to overcome the existing challenges in resilience assessment in disaster management.
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Senol, Balaban Meltem. "Risk Society And Planning: The Case Of Flood Disaster Management In Turkish Cities." Phd thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610533/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Global warming and climate change is believed to increase the hydro-meteorological natural disasters. Floods, the most widespread of natural hazards, are expected to occur more frequently and severely in the near future. This means that urban areas of Turkey are likely to be under intensive threat of floods, the adverse impacts of which are already considered only next to that of earthquakes. The recent disaster policy of United Nations together with contemporary interpretations of risk society shifted to capacity building and risk management prior to hazards, rather than preparations for relief after disasters. This historical turn in policy demands a more comprehensive and integrated form of planning for the mitigation of risks in the riverain cities of Turkey than existing approaches.
Turkey’
s current flood protection structure seems to be based on the surveys and assessments of a central authority and on its limited powers of intervention. The local municipal administrations are under different interests and pressures for development and land-use. It seems essential to integrate flood risk mitigation efforts with the local planning system and to involve municipalities in their estimations of risks and its declaration on official duty, as contemporary international approaches indicate. This conviction is based on a sample survey of four cases of riverine cities in Turkey, and on a review of current approaches in a sample of international cases. Findings on four riverain case cities indicate that river floods turn into destructive disasters mainly due to tolerant land-use decisions. Inaccurate and discrete implementations and developments in and through the river basins are a second source of flood losses. Currently, neither urban development plans nor available flood plans are equipped with necessary measures to mitigate risks. Findings indicate that current vulnerabilities are greater in value than investments made to curb flood risks. Independent and discrete efforts of mitigation seem to generate illusory feelings of safety, which aggravates vulnerabilities. The compulsory declaration of flood vulnerabilities by municipalities themselves in their entitlement for special subsidies could raise the general level of awareness, could curb further vulnerabilities, and contribute to the articulation of planning methods in the more effective mitigation control.
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Venton, Paul. "Methods of enhancing the sustainability and scale of community based disaster risk management." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/2916.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are always local in their impact, and therefore approaches towards their alleviation need to be designed and implemented based on this certainty. So this research is designed to investigate methods of enhancing the development, sustainability and scale of community based disaster risk management (CBDRM). This is undertaken with a special focus upon community risk assessment (CRA) and its relationship with disaster risk reduction (DRR). Action Research (AR) is the methodological approach adopted to investigate three primary research objectives: • To investigate the link between community risk assessment (CRA) and community based disaster risk management (CBDRM). • To identify key issues when addressing the underlying causes of vulnerability within community based disaster risk management (CBDRM). • To identify challenges in enhancing the sustainability and scale of community based disaster risk management (CBDRM) through stakeholder partnership. The AR carried out has three main components: 1. The development and testing of a CRA methodology. 2. The identification of good practice CBDRM. 3. Supplementary semi-structured interviews. Perspectives on the research objectives are collated from a broad array of international experiences, but with the primary location of fieldwork in Bihar, India. Conclusions to the research demonstrate the importance of linking government policy and practice on DRR with CBDRM, and addressing the underlying causes of vulnerability. While important in their own right, these subjects have also been considered in terms of their inter-connectedness with one another. Indeed they are shown to be mutually reinforcing. However, even more pivotal is the emphasis on their relationship with CRA. Furthermore, contrary to much practice CRA, engaging government officials from the outset and incorporating an investigation into the underlying causes of vulnerability, must not be segregated from action planning but must be fully synchronised with a CBDRM process.
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Wilder, Jessica A. "Operationalizing the Pressure and Release Theoretical Framework Using Risk Ratio Analysis to Measure Vulnerability and Predict Risk from Natural Hazards in the Tampa, FL Metropolitan Area." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7245.
Full textAbstract:
Significant damage and loss is experienced every year due to natural hazards such as hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts, floods, wildfires, volcanoes, and earthquakes. NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Information (NCEI) reports that in 2016 the United States experienced more than a dozen climate disaster events with damages and loss in excess of a billion dollars (NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, 2017). Identifying vulnerabilities and risk associated with disaster threats is now a major focus of natural hazards research. Natural hazards research has yielded numerous theoretical frameworks over the last 25 years that have explained important elements of risk and vulnerability in disasters (Birkmann, 2016b). However, there has been much less progress made in operationalizing these frameworks. While the theory is well established, one of the more pressing challenges before us is the lack of development of user-friendly and flexible risk assessment techniques for emergency managers (Mustafa et al., 2011).
The trend in operationalizing natural hazards, theoretical frameworks has been the development of general, all-purpose, static models to measure vulnerability. However, important missing elements in the current hazards literature is the need for an operationalized risk model that is (1) simple, quick and easy to use, (2) flexible for changing conditions, and (3) site-specific for various geographic locations. Many of the current models for determining risk and vulnerability are very complex and time consuming to calculate and thus make them of little use for emergency and risk managers. In addition, little analysis has been conducted to see if a flexible risk identification measurement system could be developed. As vulnerability and risk become fluid due to changing conditions (environmental—hazard and location) and circumstances (social, economic, and political), our measurement tools need to be able to capture these differences in order to be effective.
This dissertation examines whether the Pressure and Release (PAR) natural hazards, theoretical framework can be operationalized using financial risk ratio methods. Specifically, it analyzes risk ratios using key vulnerability indicators to identify escalating vulnerability and ultimately predict risk. A structured modeling approach was used to identify key vulnerability indicators and develop risk ratios. These are applied to a case study to demonstrate whether this new approach can identify emerging risk trends. My research suggests that instead of operationalizing natural hazards theoretical frameworks using the current static, aggregate index method, a flexible risk ratio method could provide a new, viable option.
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Magrabi, Ammar Mohammed. "Building responsive capability for disaster managemen. An empirical study of the Saudi Civil Defence Authority." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5446.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are always local in their impact, and therefore approaches towards their
alleviation need to be designed and implemented based on this certainty. Since the
1960s there has been a constant evolution in the common understanding of
international disaster management. Various measures and structures were created to
plan for emergency relief and the management of a disastrous event. Despite
international efforts which aimed to reduce the impact of natural and anthropogenic
hazards on humankind, very little progress was made. Loss of life, property,
infrastructure and economic livelihoods are on the increase without any indication of
improvement. Developmental activities can in most instances be blamed for the high
level of disaster risk present in communities. On the other hand, very little has been
done in the international arena (through a multi-disciplinary approach) to ensure a
developmental focus on disaster risk. This study investigates the current state of
disaster management practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by
benchmarking its activities against established frameworks applied in the developed
world for disaster management.
The aim of this thesis was primarily to provide a comprehensive framework for
disaster risk management in KSA. Such a framework will serve as a guideline for all
spheres of government on a strategic level in order to implement disaster risk
management.
Conclusions to the research demonstrate the importance of linking government
policy and practice on disaster risk management across different stakeholders
involved in managing disaster risk. This study proposed an integrated model for
disaster management by introducing the dual paradigm of disaster management
(proactive mindset and reactive mindset).
In a nutshell, this thesis aimed to develop a comprehensive multi-disciplinary
disaster risk management framework that would be tailor-made for the strategic
management arena in Saudi Arabia¿s Ministry of Interior (Directorate of Civil
Defence). The research provides the reader with a background study on the
international development of the concept of disaster risk management and its
components. It focuses on disaster risk management within the Saudi Arabian
context. Four international disaster risk management frameworks are analytically
compared and aligned with international best practices. Subsequently, the proposed
Framework for Disaster in Saudi Arabia is analysed.
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Penney, Greg. "Dynamic risk management in fire and rescue emergency operations." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2016. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1927.
Full textAbstract:
Firefighting is an inherently dangerous occupation involving numerous risk sources, unique contexts, multiple personnel and rapidly changing environments. Firefighting operations are dynamic in nature yet require calculated risk taking and structured command to prevent the realisation of potentially catastrophic outcomes to both casualties and rescuers. The notion of “dynamic risk management” is a term that has gained popularity throughout fire services worldwide, yet the process of dynamic risk management is typically poorly articulated. This study demonstrates ‘dynamic risk management’ is a misnomer, with risk management being a defined process applied within the context of dynamic emergency response. Failure to recognise this and respond accordingly may leave fire services exposed to adverse findings should adverse consequences be realised. Further, this study tested the perceptions of risk held by incident controllers in the Department of Fire and Emergency Services in Western Australia against AS31000, through a combination of qualitative surveys and subsequent Bayesian analysis of reported adverse outcomes resulting from all hazards emergency response. This study found significant variance in risk tolerance between incident controllers and to a lesser degree, variance in the understanding of risk as defined by AS31000. Bayesian statistical analysis identified reportable adverse outcomes were almost certain to occur across the majority of firefighting activities, whilst potential worst case outcomes were rarely historically realised. The results of this study demonstrate that it is critical for firefighting organisations to have documented risk thresholds and to provide greater education of risk management in dynamic situations to incident controllers of all ranks.
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Magrabi, Ammar Mohammed. "Building responsive capability for disaster management : an empirical study of the Saudi Civil Defence Authority." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5446.
Full textAbstract:
Disasters are always local in their impact, and therefore approaches towards their alleviation need to be designed and implemented based on this certainty. Since the 1960s there has been a constant evolution in the common understanding of international disaster management. Various measures and structures were created to plan for emergency relief and the management of a disastrous event. Despite international efforts which aimed to reduce the impact of natural and anthropogenic hazards on humankind, very little progress was made. Loss of life, property, infrastructure and economic livelihoods are on the increase without any indication of improvement. Developmental activities can in most instances be blamed for the high level of disaster risk present in communities. On the other hand, very little has been done in the international arena (through a multi-disciplinary approach) to ensure a developmental focus on disaster risk. This study investigates the current state of disaster management practices in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) by benchmarking its activities against established frameworks applied in the developed world for disaster management. The aim of this thesis was primarily to provide a comprehensive framework for disaster risk management in KSA. Such a framework will serve as a guideline for all spheres of government on a strategic level in order to implement disaster risk management. Conclusions to the research demonstrate the importance of linking government policy and practice on disaster risk management across different stakeholders involved in managing disaster risk. This study proposed an integrated model for disaster management by introducing the dual paradigm of disaster management (proactive mindset and reactive mindset). In a nutshell, this thesis aimed to develop a comprehensive multi-disciplinary disaster risk management framework that would be tailor-made for the strategic management arena in Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Interior (Directorate of Civil Defence). The research provides the reader with a background study on the international development of the concept of disaster risk management and its components. It focuses on disaster risk management within the Saudi Arabian context. Four international disaster risk management frameworks are analytically compared and aligned with international best practices. Subsequently, the proposed Framework for Disaster in Saudi Arabia is analysed.
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Sunarharum, Tri Mulyani. "Collaborative planning for disaster resilience: the role of community engagement for flood risk management." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/101560/1/Tri%20Mulyani_Sunarharum_Thesis.pdf.
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Rapid urbanisation, fragmented governance and recurrent flooding complicates resolution of DKI Jakarta’s chronic housing shortage. The purpose of this thesis is to re-frame planning decision-making through collaborative approach to address risks of flooding and to increase community resilience. This thesis found that in spite of strong policy frameworks underlying flood risk management strategies, there are opportunities for improvement of collaboration mechanisms in decision-making processes and in implementation of plans to strengthen disaster resilience. It also potentially widens participation in dialogues regarding the effectiveness of policies and plans for flood risk management in Indonesia and across equatorial mega-cities facing similar challenges.
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Mwale, Faidess Dumbizgani. "Contemporary disaster management framework quantification of flood risk in rural Lower Shire Valley, Malawi." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2958.
Full textAbstract:
Despite floods and droughts accounting for 80% and 70% disaster related deaths and economic loss respectively in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there have been very few attempts in SSA to quantify flood-related vulnerability and risk, especially as they relate to the rural poor. This thesis quantifies and profiles the flood risk of rural communities in SSA focusing on the Lower Shire Valley, Malawi. Given the challenge of hydrometeorological data quality in SSA to support quantitative flood risk assessments, the work first reconstructs and extends hydro-meteorological data using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). These data then formed the input to a coupled IPCC-Sustainable Development Frameworks for quantifying flood vulnerability and risk. Flood risk was obtained by integrating hazard and vulnerability. Flood hazard was characterised in terms of flood depth and inundation area obtained through hydraulic modelling of the catchment with Lisflood-FP, while the vulnerability was indexed through analysis of exposure, susceptibility and capacity and linked to social, economic, environmental and physical perspectives. Data on these were collected through structured interviews carried out with the communities and stakeholders in the valley and later analysed. The implementation of the entire analysis within a GIS environment enabled the visualisation of spatial variability in flood risk in the valley. The results show predominantly medium levels in hazardousness, vulnerability and risk. The vulnerability is dominated by a high to very high susceptibility component largely because of the high to very high socio-economic and environmental vulnerability. Economic and physical capacities tend to be predominantly low but social capacity is significantly high, resulting in overall medium levels of capacity-induced vulnerability. Exposure manifests as medium. Both the vulnerability and risk showed marginal spatial variability. Given all this, the thesis argues for the need to mainstream disaster reduction in the rather plethoric conventional socio-economic developmental programmes in SSA. Additionally, the low spatial variability in both the risk and vulnerability in the valley suggests that any such interventions need to be valley-wide to be effective.
36
Mwera, Tano S. "Community awareness and participation in disaster risk management: the case of khayelitsha TR-section." University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4821.
Full textAbstract:
Masters in Public Administration - MPACommunity participation and awareness in disaster risk management is widely recognized as a cornerstone for disaster risk reduction and effective response and recovery strategies. This goes parallel with the world paradigm shift form relief and response to prevention and mitigation. There is gradually increase of fire and floods in informal settlements and Khayelitsha TR- Section in particular. “From 1995-2005 more than 8554 informal dwelling fire incidents occurred in Cape Town alone, affecting 40 558 households and around 160 000 peoples" (DiMP, 2008). And in 2007 alone floods affected 8,000 households and 38 residents in the Cape Town informal settlement of Khayelitsha; Bongani TR-Section and Phillippi; Phola park (Bouchard et al, 2007). This study analyzed community participation and awareness mechanisms in disaster risk management, its implementation, practice and effectiveness, following the promulgation of the Disaster Management Act No 57 of 2002, taking Khayelitsha TR- Section as a case study. In order to achieve the stated objectives, the researcher employed a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms. In qualitative context semi-structured interviews were conducted with the key informants disaster management officials and Khayelitsha TR-Section ward structure officials. Quantitative method, 100 structured questionnaires were distributed to Khayelitsha TR-Section residents. Using Khayelitsha TR- Section as a case study the thesis argues that despite the enabling policy and resource allocation for community participation and awareness its implementation proved to be a failure. Most of the mechanisms directed by the act are not implemented and those implemented its practice is not effective to achieve its stated objectives of risk reduction and effective response and recovery to disaster incidents. The study reviewed literature and theories of community participation and awareness in disaster risk management. It reviewed and outlined a policy framework and institutional arrangement for community participation and awareness in disaster risk management in accordance with the Disaster Management Act (No 57 of 2002). It further determined the level of community participation and awareness mechanism implementation. Records the level of community awareness and understanding, it determines the effectiveness of community participation and awareness mechanisms and finally based on the empirical results, literature reviews and theories, the study provides a number of recommendations to enhance and improved of community participation and awareness to disaster risk management officials and policy makers.
37
Halder, Buddhadeb. "Crowdsourcing crisis management platforms: a privacy and data protection risk assessment and recommendations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/462036.
Full textAbstract:
El rol dels voluntaris digitals en les plataformes de gestió dels desastres naturals està evolucionant. Inicialment la seva principal contribució era la recopilació d’informació. Així, la informació obtinguda a partir de les xarxes socials i els informes de voluntaris han estat fonts d’ús creixent. Ara bé, des del 2008 aproximadament la recopilació d’informació es vol filtrar o seleccionar per tal que sigui més fiable i acurada. Alguns voluntaris amb més experiència assumeixen el rol d’experts per validar la informació aportada pel crowdsourcing. Això millora la qualitat final de la informació. Més recentment, s’han introduït fins i tot grups informals de voluntaris al servei de requeriments dels grups d’actuació finals. Malgrat tot, aquesta contribució no ha estat la única, doncs l’anàlisi de dades ha permès utilitzar les aportacions per entrenar algorismes. Fins i tot, algunes plataformes com Digital Humanitarian Network (DHN) ofereixen aquest servei a altres plataformes. Una coordinació entre OCHA i DHN fa les funcions en ocasions de mecanisme de decisió informal. Doncs bé, tota aquesta nova realitat no aplica amb garanties el marc legal de la protecció de dades i la privadesa en general. I el nou Reglament general de protecció de dades obliga a mostrar el compliment de la normativa. Per tal de facilitar això, s’ofereix una anàlisi dels principals riscos detectats, així com una avaluació de 4 plataformes, i es fan recomanacions per assolir un adequat compliment. D’altra banda, es considera necessari incloure en el futur la problemàtica jurídica en la discussió de la reducció de riscos (Sendai 2015-2030).Over the last few years, crowdsourcing have expanded rapidly allowing citizens to connect with each other, governments to connect with common mass, to coordinate disaster response work, to map political conflicts, acquiring information quickly and participating in issues that affect day-to- day life of citizens. As emerging tools and technologies offer huge potential to response quickly and on time during crisis, crisis responders do take support from these tools and techniques. The ‘Guiding Principles’ of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 identifies that ‘disaster risk reduction requires a multi-hazard approach and inclusive risk-informed decision-making (RIDM) based on the open exchange and dissemination of disaggregated data, including by sex, age and disability, as well as on easily accessible, up-to-date, comprehensible, science-based, non-sensitive risk information, complemented by traditional knowledge. Addressing the ‘Priority Action’ 1 & 2, this PhD research aims to identify various risks and present recommendations for ‘RIDM Process’ in form of a general Privacy and Data Protection Risk Assessment and Recommendations for crowdsourcing crisis management. It includes legal, ethical and technical recommendations.
38
Manaktala, Rohit Sudhish. "Optimization of Disaster Recovery Leveraging Enterprise Architecture Ontology." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1374206497.
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Sonmez, Tugce. "Aspects Of Urban Seismic Risks: A Comparison Of Risk Factors In The Metropolitan Cities Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609739/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Chronic seismic hazards and resulting secondary impacts are due to the geological
conditions of Turkey and the nature of current response mechanisms. Local know-how of
building and settlement that evolved over centuries eroded with the growth in population,
and the introduction of reinforced concrete building economics. This makes cities the most
vulnerable geographical and social entities in Turkey.
A basic formal reference of disaster management is the National Seismic Hazard Map
indicating zones of hazard probabilities which are directly related to different measures in
construction. This is hardly a sufficient disaster policy tool however, as cities may have very
different risk profiles independent from the hazard probabilities. City level risk variations are
not considered in the Seismic Hazard Map.
This study intends to establish indicators for different risk levels in urban areas other then
those implied by the National Seismic Hazard Map.
Apart from local morphological and geological conditions, attributes of building stock, rates
of unauthorized buildings and social conditions represent vulnerability indicators and could
be effective in the determination of local risk levels.
One specific description of risk levels is available in the obligatory reporting of the local
authorities about the "most likely level of disaster losses"
. This information, as an obligatory task of the governorates represents a local assessment of the most likely disaster losses and it is available from the GDDA. The city-level statistics of building stock on the other hand are available from the Turkish Statistical Institute. Correlation and Regression analyses are employed to determine what combinations of the independent variables might best denote city-level risks, and these may vary independently from their positions in the Hazard Map. The research may thus generate information for a more effective disaster policy.
40
Auletta, Jamie Lynn. "Disaster Vulnerability of University Student Populations." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3960.
Full textAbstract:
Student populations at Gulf Coast universities and colleges are subjected to multiple forces working together making them an especially vulnerable sub-group to hazards. Research has suggested that college students represent a segment of the population that hazards research has frequently overlooked and maybe not fully appreciated in university emergency planning. Most prior research has focused on university disaster experiences, highlighting what went wrong, and what should be done but little research focuses on what is actually taking place. The primary intent of this research was to gain better insight into university emergency planning and identify areas universities have neglected with respect to students' wellness. Interviews were conducted with various representatives from university Emergency Management, Student Affairs and Residence Life Offices at universities in the Florida State University System. Universities were found to have neglected concerns pertaining to student involvement, assessment of hazards perceptions, language barriers, mutual-aid agreements, emergency housing plans and personal emergency plans of key personnel. The results from this study will help fill gaps in hazards and emergency management research and provide useful suggestions for improving university emergency planning and areas for future research.
41
Schinko, Thomas, Reinhard Mechler, and Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler. "A methodological framework to operationalize climate risk management: managing sovereign climate-related extreme event risk in Austria." Springer Netherlands, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11027-016-9713-0.
Full textAbstract:
Despite considerable uncertainties regarding the exact contribution of anthropogenic climate change to disaster risk, rising losses from extreme events have highlighted the need to comprehensively address climate-related risk. This requires linking climate adaptation to disaster risk management (DRM), leading to what has been broadly referred to as climate risk management (CRM). While this concept has received attention in debate, important gaps remain in terms of operationalizing it with applicable methods and tools for specific risks and decision-contexts. By developing and applying a methodological approach to CRM in the decision context of sovereign risk (flooding) in Austria we test the usefulness of CRM, and based on these insights, inform applications in other decision contexts. Our methodological approach builds on multiple lines of evidence and methods. These comprise of a broad stakeholder engagement process, empirical analysis of public budgets, and risk-focused economic modelling. We find that a CRM framework is able to inform instrumental as well as reflexive and participatory debate in practice. Due to the complex interaction of social-ecological systems with climate risks, and taking into account the likelihood of future contingent climate-related fiscal liabilities increasing substantially as a result of socioeconomic developments and climate change, we identify the need for advanced learning processes and iterative updates of CRM management plans. We suggest that strategies comprising a portfolio of policy measures to reduce and manage climate-related risks are particularly effective if they tailor individual instruments to the specific requirements of different risk layers. (authors' abstract)
42
Wentink, Gideon Jacobus. "'n Statusontleding van ramprisikobestuur in munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika : 'n provinsiale vergelyking / Gideon Jacobus Wentink." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/10003.
Full textAbstract:
Since 1994 fundamental transformation has taken place in South Africa in terms of disaster
risk management. The transformation process gave rise to the promulgation of the Disaster
Management Act (57/2002) that heralded a new era for disaster risk management in South
Africa. Consequently the National Disaster Management Framework, published in 2005, set
clear guidelines for the implementing of the mentioned act. The National Disaster
Management Framework emphasises the importance of the integration and coordination of
disaster risk management activities in all spheres of government.
Die Disaster Management Act (57/2002) calls for the establishment or certain disaster risk
management structures like interdepartmental commitees, disaster management centers,
disaster management frameworks, and disaster management advisory forums. Furthermore
the National Disaster Management Framework sets certain guidelines in compliance with the
Disaster Management Act (57/2002). Municipalities in South Africa have had time since the
promulgation of the act in 2003 to get all the mentioned structures in place.
This study tried to deretmine the degree in which municipalities complied with the
requirements of the Disaster Management Act (57/2002). The municipalities were handles
per procvince and the research is based on a 20% representative sample of all the
municipalities in South Africa. A mixed method of research was followed. That means that
qualitative (telephonic and semi-structured interviews) and quantitative (questionnaires with
Likert scale questions) research was used.
The result of this research is that there are big failings in terms of the implementing of the
Disaster Management Act (57/2002) across the country. In certain provinces the situation is
better than in others, but of none of the provinces it can be said that they comply with all the
recuirements of the act.M. Development and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013
43
Kemec, Serkan. "A Conceptual Framework For 3d Urban Disaster Risk Visualization In Geo-spatial Environment." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613832/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Visualization could be defined as the graphical presentation of information, in which the main aim is to improve the user&rsquos perception. In all phases of the disaster management, decision makers come across huge data sets with spatio-temporal content. It is hard to deal with these sets in order to find answers to the main question of &ldquo
How can we decrease the losses due to disasters?&rdquo
, which is at the core of the disaster management concept. To furnish this aim, disaster risk information has to be transparent and clearly stated to the public, decision makers and disaster managers. This might be more sophisticated than the calculation of the risk. Taking precautions before a disaster to reduce the causalities and lossess engendered by natural disasters is relatively cheaper, and more importantly, better than cure. To achieve enhanced preparations for all kinds of disasters, visualization is quite an important tool for decision support and risk communication. The basic aim of this research is to propose a conceptual framework, with the consideration of all stakeholders related to the disaster management issue to have a better risk communication, and to guide the design, implementation and integration of the 3D urban modeling tools into disaster risk visualization. Moreover, an empirical methodology is also developed for the generation of visualization solutions through the design, and employment of the tool for disaster management framework. The proposed framework has three main phases .These are the definition of visualization components, object representation, and needs assessment. A new LoD hierarchy with indoor is proposed to visualize all the possible 3D urban disaster situations in the first phase. Then, a decision rule with eight attributes is proposed in the second phase to establish a link between the hazard type and the LoD needed in a 3D urban model for visualization. This decision rule is applied in a proposed three-level hierarchycal structure. The assessed objects of these three levels are urban, sub-urban zone and building. Moreover, a method to define the needed sub-urban zone is proposed. Finally, different 3D urban modelling methods are analyzed to define the data and process needs of possible 3D urban disaster visualization situations. Two natural hazard cases are studied within the scope of this dissertation to assess the operability of the proposed framework. These implementations involve one earthquake and one tsunami case. Special attention is paid to finding one specific sample for two modelling viewpoints, namely static and dynamic. The first applications of the proposed framework with all the related features prove quite promising.
44
Ye, Zi. "Supply chain risk management on natural disaster : A study of global supply chain influence by2011Tohoku earthquake." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Akademin för teknik och miljö, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-11327.
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Koc, Ersan. "Commitment Building For Earthquake Risk Management: Reconciling." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612619/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
To a large extent, natural phenomenon like earthquakes, floods, lanslides and etc
may seem &ldquonatural events&rdquo
which are out of human control. In fact, the sociopolitical structure is the main cause of earth tremors which turn into disasters. What is notable and striking is that, because of institutional and social vulnerabilities and little or misguided efforts for disaster loss mitigation, natural events may turn into disasters resulting negative and devastating consequences. Institutional vulnerabilities connote a lack of local administrations&rsquo
capacity for disaster mitigation planning, furthermore awareness for accreting local stakeholders for disaster loss reduction. Social vulnerabilities, refers to miss-knowledge and lack of awareness for disasters in the society. In Turkey, it is hard to say that there has never been efforts for disaster loss reduction, whereas
the main focus of the state agencies has been on post-disaster emergency relief, literally wound healing for decades. Generally speaking, localities which experience a disaster may encounter significant losses in development, hence a significant decrease in local capacities which takes enormous resources to restore. The housing stock and urban fabric, which inherit an historical background weaved by missguided disaster policy that only focus on post-disaster emergency relief phase, pictures the extent of the problem in Turkey. In addition, both &ldquo
institutional errors which lead to underachievement in disaster policy and practice&rdquo
and &ldquo
opportunities for building robust and resilient forms of institutions&rdquo
come into local agenda. Errors, which might have been altered by long term and comprehensive modes of local planning for disasters, may lead to underachievement by local agents. To achieve such a model, we are in need to carry out qualitative and quantitative data collecting and analyzing techniques in different phases. The two analysis techniques are in-depth interviews (IDI) and drawing Concept Maps that will be conducted in the analyses process with local respondents selected by snowball technique.
46
Catalino, Joseph. "The Impact of Federal Emergency Management Legislation on At-Risk and Vulnerable Populations for Disaster Preparedness and Response." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/572.
Full textAbstract:
It is well documented that in the aftermath of a natural or human caused disaster, certain at-risk and vulnerable populations suffer significantly more than do other population groups. As a result, Congress enacted the Post-Katrina Emergency Management Reform Act (PKEMRA) in part to address deficiencies in providing aid to vulnerable populations, though little is known if the PKEMRA has resulted as it was intended. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to assess the impact of the PKEMRA on addressing emergency preparedness deficits related to at-risk and vulnerable populations. The theoretical framework followed Howard's conceptualization of game and drama theory. The research questions focused on the extent to which the PKEMRA recommendations improved disaster lifecycle outcomes for at-risk and vulnerable groups in Orleans Parish, LA between Hurricanes Katrina in 2005 and Isaac in 2012. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 5 emergency managers with knowledge and experience local to Orleans Parish, LA. Interview data were systematically reviewed using inductive coding and categorized for thematic analysis. Key study findings indicated that the improvements made to family location registries, evacuation procedures, and disaster resources for these populations in Orleans Parish were not a result of the PKEMRA, but of the state and local emergency agencies without input from the federal government. This study contributes to social change by promoting greater transparency of federal programs targeting at-risk and vulnerable populations, making direct recommendations to use Orleans Parish as a relevant example to address the needs of these populations. Such a review will serve as an exportable model for similar communities across the country.
47
SUAREZ, PABA MARIA CAMILA. "A paradigm shift in Natech risk management : Development of a framework for evaluating the performance of industry and enhancing territorial resilience." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/244537.
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48
Sufri, Sofyan. "Community Engagement in the Early Warning System to Improve Disaster Preparedness in Aceh Province, Indonesia." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/391065.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, disasters cause tremendous impacts on humans, economies and the environment. In the past 20 years, the world has focused on how to best reduce these impacts through a series of global policy frameworks. The disaster risk reduction and management concept adopted by the Sendai Framework for DRR (SFDRR 2015-2030) in the third United Nations World Conference on DRR (WCDRR) promotes the reduction of hazards against people and the environment. The framework also encourages member countries to enhance their disaster preparedness capacities for effective responses. An Early Warning System (EWS) is an essential component of disaster preparedness and includes four elements (risk knowledge; monitoring and warning; dissemination and communication; and response capability) in order to provide effective and timely information to people at risk. The International Network for Multi-Hazard EWSs was a major agenda of the session on the Early Warning System in the third UN WCDRR. This network was established to strengthen Multi-Hazard EWSs (MHEWSs) as an integral part of national strategies for disaster risk reduction and building resilience in order to support the implementation of the SFDRR and it recognises the importance of involving the community within the system. Considering multi-hazards EWS and explicitly identifying the role of community engagement (CE) approaches is crucial to achieve the effectiveness of EWS design and operation, so as to prevent loss of lives, injuries and to protect the environment. However, the research suggests that EWSs in many settings still heavily focus on a single hazard using technology without comprehensively including all elements or involving the community in the system, leading to ineffective preparedness to disaster response.
Aceh, the westernmost province in Indonesia, is vulnerable to multiple disasters. Although since the catastrophic 2004 tsunami much progress has been achieved in infrastructure, legislation and capacity building for various actors in disaster preparedness and management in the province, inadequate disaster preparedness leading to less than optimal response has continued to occur in Aceh. For example, in the 2007 and 2012 earthquakes, most people did not use evacuation buildings and they fled using motorcycles causing 10 deaths due to panic. As a result, motorists blocked main roads, hampering evacuation processes. Further, during the November 2018 floods, although no casualties were reported, many people (over 210) were trapped, stranded and lost their homes and property because they did not have sufficient time to evacuate due to the absence of effective dissemination of information in advance. There are numerous areas where preparedness could be improved, one of which is in the area of CE in the EWS design and operation.
This research aims to investigate the opportunities and challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS to improve disaster preparedness in Aceh. To achieve this aim, a qualitative approach was adopted, utilising diverse data collection methods: a systematic review of grey and peer-reviewed literature to understand CE in EWSs globally; in-depth interviews with 39 key stakeholders from provincial to village levels including persons involved in disaster management and the EWS operation, and decision makers, Imuem mukim, village chiefs, and other adat stakeholders; discussion with 6 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) in two case villages and reviews of local government regulations, reports and other documents from provincial to village levels.
A systematic literature review of 15 journal articles and 16 project reports focused on research that included EWS elements and community engagement in a disaster context. The review identified a lack of reported CE activities across the four elements of EWSs when examining cases from around the world. Key challenges for engaging the community in EWSs identified through the review included constraints on the sustainability of CE in EWSs due to insufficient technical, financial and human resources; the absence of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for CE in EWSs; insufficient incorporation of CE activities into formal EWSs; insufficient integration of traditional and scientific knowledge in the system; and lack of inclusion, and hence recognition, of the needs of all vulnerable groups in the EWSs context.
The major findings based on the setting, Aceh, are categorised into four areas: (1) existing EWS structure and governance, and roles of actors involved in the system, (2) current CE conditions across the four elements of EWS in the province, (3) enabling factors for enhancing CE in the EWS to improve disaster prepredness, and (4) barriers that can hinder CE in the EWS.
Some of the key issues relating to the existing EWS governance and structure and actors involved in the system include: (1) the EWS management that focuses only on tsunami, (2) an over-reliance on technology, (3) the absence of legal authority of the EWS manager (Pusdalops), (4) the linear nature of the EWS model adopted, (5) various information dissemination interruptions—delayed information flows between actors, lack of media engagement in warning dissemination, information dissemination disruption from and to rural locations, (6) disaster response challenges relating to staff shortcomings—actors being constrained by their internal regulations (bureaucracy); egocentrism that leads to inadequate coordination between response agencies; staff turnover that leads to poor coordination among actors and inadequate skilled staff; limited workforce at Pusdalops in the Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD or District Disaster Management Agency) in Pidie district; and the dominance of military/police in disaster responses.
The other key issues in relation the current status of CE across the four elements of the EWS include the following: (1) communities were commonly involved in government or NGO projects in a few target areas but not across all the four EWS elements, (2) for the risk knowledge element, some communities understand well the risks within their areas based on their experience, (3) most people are not formally engaged in hazard monitoring and warning activities, though they independently monitor and predict some risks through observing natural signs, (4) communities commonly receive information through televisions, radios and the Internet (one-way communication engagement), (5) two-way communication engagement with the community is commonly facilitated by the Radio Antar Penduduk Indonesia (RAPI or Indonesian Inter-Citizen Radio) using “Handy Talkies”, (6) some communities in particular areas were often engaged with short-term response activities such as disaster drills and simulations, but the activities were not formalized in contingency plans, which were lacking, hence sustainability is problematic, and (7) some communities prepare for disaster responses independently of government leadership utilising their own resources and networks.
Further, the key findings identified opportunities for enhancing CE in the EWS to improve disaster prepredness, including (1) improving CE with disaster management and Community Based Disaster Risk Reduction (CBDRR) programs initiated and supported by governments or NGOs e.g. TAGANA (Disaster Alert Teams), Search and Rescue (SAR) operation, Public Safety Centres (PSC), Disaster Preparedness School, Community Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP), and Desa Tangguh Bencana (Destana or Resilient Village), (2) utilising the respected figures within communities and disaster experienced communities, (3) utilising existing local customary (adat) and sharia practices that align with EWS principles and goals, (4) using the existing community infrastructure such as meunasahs (village community centres) and mosques for preparedness and response activities.
However, the identified challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS include (1) inadequate integration of CE activities into formal EWS processes, (2) the weakening of existing supporting practices such as meuseraya, (3) inadequate recognition of the roles of Imuem mukim to maintain adat and sharia practices that align with the goals of EWS, (4) lack of funds to maintain CE programs, (5) unsustainability of CE programs due to the lack of community ownership of CBDRR programs and disaster management infrastructure, and (6) religious beliefs about disasters which hamper CE in the EWS design and operation.
These four major findings concerning opportunities and challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS in Aceh were discussed to draw out the implications of these findings for the Aceh government to improve disaster preparedness for effective disaster response.
In addition, this research provides key recommendations for changes of policy and practice, and future research for provincial and Pidie district governments including Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Aceh (BPBA or Aceh Provincial Disaster Management Agency), Pidie district BPBD as well as other involved agencies to improve the existing EWS structure, governance and the roles of stakehoders involved in the system, CE conditions in the EWS, as well as to enhance the enabling factors and reduce barriers to engaging the community in the EWS in Aceh.
This research is the first study that has systematically examined the EWS elements to understand the opportunities and challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS in Aceh by interviewing various key respondents at provincial, district and sub-district levels, as well as conducting interviews and FGDs at kemukiman and village/gampong level with key respected stakeholders e.g. traditional Islamic leaders, an Imuem mukim, Keuchiks, adat stakeholders, and other important figures based on sharia and adat practices.
While a few of the findings relate to the unique cultural and religious context of Aceh province, others should be useful for other disaster vulnerable areas throughout Indonesia and other developing countries where similar concerns exist about how to enhance CE in EWSs to improve disaster preparedness.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medicine
Griffith Health
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49
PARK, Hyejeong. "Development of a Community-Based Natech Risk Management Framework Through the Lenses of Local Community, First Responders and Government." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259026.
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50
Turhan, Ayca. "Reconsidering The Role Of Civil Initiatives In The Disaster Management System Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606123/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The 1999 earthquakes revealed serious gaps in the Turkish disaster management system. The lack of coordination and cooperation between governmental and non-governmental organizations, limits in the legal framework and the lack of policies and plans about disaster preparedness and mitigation are basic. It is highly relevant therefore to expose these deficiencies and find which changes are necessary for capacity building in civil initiatives and which policies can be put into practice to form a strong and a sustainable organizational structure between governmental organizations and civil initiatives. This required reconsidering the events of 1999 Marmara earthquakes and civil initiatives&rsquoactivities. The analyses have been made among civil initiatives to expose their objectives, their response to earthquakes and future plans. Futher, this required discussion of the current state of disaster management system and legal structure. Findings are that a number of creative activities of civil initiatives can be observed after the Marmara earthquakes. However, the existing level of collaboration with governmental organizations is inadequate, considering the magnitude of disasters taking place in Turkey and the degree of the people&rsquo
s vulnerability. Efforts such as new draft of law of Turgey Emergency Management General Directorate (TEMGD) seem to provide means to meet the requirements. This draft law could provide the tools to accommodate civil initiatives The law could be revised so as to maintain a legal basis for civil initiatives&rsquo
activities as part of disaster management system indicating that governmental organizations should work together in coordination with civil initiatives. Secondly, to encourage voluntary activities, a number of provisions should be available such as life insurance against accidents for the accredited volunteers. Thirdly, TEGMD should also act to find partners for supporting civil initiatives in their financial, personnel training and management needs. With increasing conviction in the need for participatory approaches and people-oriented developments, civil initiatives are committed to face challenges in mitigating and preparing for the variety of disasters facing Turkey.