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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Disasters India'
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Choudhury, Zahidul Arefin. "Politics of natural disaster : how governments maintain legitimacy in the wake of major disasters, 1990-2010." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1566.
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This dissertation is about major natural disasters, and how they contribute to legitimacy crises of governments. Three major factors explain the emergence of a legitimacy crisis in a post-disaster context: the frequency of disaster occurrence, the quality of the government response to disasters, and the type of regime within which the government operates. Employing a large-N statistical analysis of data on major natural disasters and anti-government domestic political activities for the years between 1990 and 2010, I show that higher counts of disasters, as a rule, increase the risks of anti-government demonstrations, revolutions, riots, guerrilla warfare, and intrastate conflict. The disaster-political opposition relationship is conditional upon the characteristics of political regimes. No regime is entirely free from the political dangers of disasters. Consolidated autocracies and well established democracies are less likely than mixed regimes to observe political crises in the context of a higher frequency of natural disasters.
To evaluate the quality of government response and how it mediates the disaster-legitimacy relationship, I conduct a qualitative analysis of news reports on four major disaster events in South Asia - cyclone Sidr of 2007 and cyclone Aila of 2009 in Bangladesh and cyclone Aila and the Kashmir earthquake of 2005 in India. The case studies reveal that poor preparedness and inadequate immediate and long-term response of a government invite public criticism of the incumbent, antigovernment protest movements, and anti-incumbent voting in elections. When opposition parties translate this public frustration into broader political mobilization, the moral claim of the incumbent to remain in power diminishes substantially, sometimes causing a legitimacy crisis. As opposed to common expectations, democracy may not provide the best political environment for effective disaster response. The quality of government response is influenced rather by a regime's security concerns, the level of administrative efficacy and corruption, the military's role in the disaster response process, socio-economic conditions of the affected people, and leadership competition over the disaster management process.
This study has broader implications for understanding the kinds of political strains that disasters create in a society and how governments function in Bangladesh and India. Much of these governments' energy is devoted to managing disasters, which diminishes their capacity to govern. Political elites in Bangladesh and India use disaster events as opportunities to strengthen clientelism and exclude political opposition in the affected areas
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Parmar, Chandrika. "The pluriverse of disasters : knowledge, mediation and citizenship." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3702194d-8b32-49d5-a37d-55fadeb0bbe1.
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This thesis looks at a variety of stakeholders and how they inform the conversations around disasters and disaster sites. In particular it focuses on the way knowledge frameworks of different actors informs this dialogue and defines the nature of their response. The thesis argues that this has an implication for debates on democracy, governance and citizenship. The thesis looks at four sets of actors: individuals confronting and coping with the everydayness of disasters.; the states of Gujarat and Orissa in India which innovate in the face of disasters to either create a techno-managerial response and institute different methodologies or use the existing structures to embed themselves further and perpetuate the poverty and disaster industry; the Christian and secular humanitarian groups: the former make a transition from charity to rights discourse while intervening in disasters. The latter focus on building methodologies which institute certain norms of responding to disasters and catering to those it considers as more vulnerable when disaster strikes. The thesis finally turns its attention to the response of four Hindu groups who draw on civilizational categories to engage with issues of pain, suffering, healing. Each stakeholder, the thesis argues, in articulating its response to disasters, presents a 'counter model' or at least a complementary understanding of how to think and respond to disasters. This plurality of engagement by questioning the preconceived frameworks adds not just to the democratic imagination but also to the debates on what constitutes governance and citizenship. Methodologically, the thesis is an ethnographic exploration located in two sites in India: Gujarat and Orissa. It keeps storytelling, ethnography, analysis, policy documents together and tries to show that they become a weave in disaster studies.
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Desai, Sagar S. "For Whom the Time Stops: Picking Up the Pieces in a World of Constant Motion." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1460731395.
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Akerkar, Supriya. "The production of rights in disasters in Uttar Pradesh, India : implications for theory and practice." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2011. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/3499/.
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Despite a shift in the practice of international NGOs to a rights-based approach to disasters there is a dearth of substantial theoretical reflections on this linkage within academia. Given this knowledge gap, this research studies the linkages between disaster and rights using the case study of Bahraich, Uttar Pradesh, India. The main contribution that this thesis makes to new knowledge is that of deepening the understanding of the way in which rights are produced in disasters. The thesis proposes a theoretical framework to enable such a critical assessment. The main assertion of the theoretical framework is that the social vulnerability approach to disasters can reduce vulnerability and promote social resilience only through a critical assessment of rights that includes subaltern constructs of rights and moral economy structures, their critique or collusion with the governmental framing and institutionalization of rights. The thesis grounds this claim made in the theoretical framework through its empirical chapters. The thesis has four empirical chapters; the first inquires into the colonial history of modern disaster rights; the second interrogates disaster rights in post-colonial India; the third analyses the implications of a subaltern perspective of rights for disaster risk reduction strategy; and the fourth analyses social change processes through the contestation of rights, partly attributed to the disaster. The concluding chapter of the thesis makes recommendations for a rights based social vulnerability analysis and for action in disasters in Uttar Pradesh, India. These recommendations can act as new directions for rights based disaster risk reduction and recovery work. The thesis uses an interdisciplinary approach to investigate this subject area. In particular, it uses disaster theory, human rights and political theory, subaltern theory and feminist theory. The thesis uses a hermeneutic approach as its dominant research methodology, and ethnographic research methods. It also makes a limited use of archival data and quantitative survey methods.
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Bogg, Anna. "China and India as humanitarian donors : A regional case study in Southeast Asia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-280950.
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Walch, Colin. "Conflict in the Eye of the Storm : Micro-dynamics of Natural Disasters, Cooperation and Armed Conflict." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-268341.
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Many of the most destructive natural disasters have taken place in situations characterized by armed conflict and insecurity: the Indian Ocean tsunami in Sri Lanka and Indonesia in 2004, the floods in Pakistan in 2011, the drought in Somalia in 2011 and typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines in 2013. Surprisingly little research has systematically explored how armed conflict affects natural disaster management, and how shocks from natural disaster influence conflict dynamics. This dissertation addresses these gaps by providing a qualitative and disaggregated analysis of the micro-dynamics underpinning the relationship between armed conflict, natural disasters and cooperation. It asks: what is the relationship between natural disasters and processes of conflict and cooperation in countries affected by civil conflict? To explore this question, the dissertation offers four essays that explore different facets of this relationship, focusing on the rebel group. Examining collaboration between rebel group and humanitarian actors during disaster relief efforts in the Philippines, essay I finds that rebel group behavior after a natural disaster is shaped by the level of hostility between combatant parties and the nature of the ties with the local population. Exploring the effect of natural disasters on conflict dynamics in the case of the Philippines, essay II suggests that natural disasters hinder rebel group recruitment tactics, by increasing hardship for rebel combatants and supporters, by weakening the rebel group’s organizational structure and supply lines, and by leading to a loss of territorial control. Based on a comparative case study between Colombia and the Philippines, essay III revisits ripeness theory and argues that the level of rebel group cohesion will help to predict whether or not rebel groups stay at the negotiation table until an agreement is reached. While a typhoon affected the Philippines during the negotiations, it did not “ripen” the peace talks. Finally, article IV explores pre-disaster evacuation across conflict-affected regions in the Philippines and India, and argues that both experience of previous disaster and the level of trust in government officials influence the likelihood of people evacuating. The dissertation has important implications for both disaster management and conflict resolution, and it calls for more dialogue between both disciplines.
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Erramilli, Bala Prasad. "Disaster Management in India: Analysis of Factors Impacting Capacity Building." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/political_science_diss/15.
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Governments are responsible for administrative arrangements dealing with disasters. Effective policies play a vital role in mitigating the impact of disasters and reducing likely losses of life and property. Yet, it had been noted that such losses were increasing, raising questions about efficacy of government policies and the factors that made them effective. This study adopted a comparative method, responding to a long-standing demand of disaster research, for examining the record in India. There were noticeable differences among its states, with some having undertaken comprehensive reform in an all-hazards approach, while others continued with old policies. This research studied four states with the objective of identifying variables that were critical in undertaking policy reform for building capacities. The roles of economic resources, democratically decentralized institutions, political party systems and focusing events were examined. Findings revealed that these factors had varying impact on state capabilities. Economic resources were an inevitable part of disaster management, but did not necessarily translate into policy reform. Panchayati Raj Institutions, which were democratically decentralized bodies, displayed tremendous potential. However, their role was limited mostly to the response phase, with states severely circumscribing their involvement. The nature of political party systems was able to explain policy reform to an extent. Cohesive systems in Gujarat, Tamil Nadu and Orissa correlated with administrative capacities, unlike in fragmented Bihar. However, anti-incumbency sentiments and strong community mobilization impacted contestation more than electoral salience of public goods. The most nuanced and significant explanation was provided by experience of focusing events. States that suffered major disasters revealed unmistakable evidence of double-loop learning, leading to comprehensive policy reform and capacity building. This research provides empirical support to theory about the role of focusing events and organizational learning in policy reform. Methodologically, it underscores the importance of the comparative approach, and its successful application in a federal framework. The significance of this research is most for policy makers and practitioners, as it serves to alert them on the need for reform without waiting for the next big disaster to catch them unprepared.
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Joerin, Jonas. "Enhancing Climate-related Disaster Resilience of Urban Communities in Chennai, India." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157881.
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Asharose. "A Study on the significance of enhancing disaster resilience among communities of disaster prone areas of Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/204597.
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Althoff, Mary. "Of Mud and Men: Rebuilding Community Identity After Disaster A Participatory Architectural Approach." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1269371214.
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Surjan, Akhilesh Kumar. "Resilience to Disaster & Climate Risk through Community Based Environmental Improvement in Urban India." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/123774.
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Kumar, Prashar Sunil. "Prioritizing Community Actions for Climate Related Disaster Resilience: A Participatory Approach in Delhi, India." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/161042.
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Courtney, Claire. "Reporting Death and Disaster: The Paradox beyond the Numbers." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2306.
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The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami killed over two hundred thousand people in the fifteen countries the tsunami struck. Amidst extensive media coverage, the New Zealand Herald published in excess of two hundred online articles focusing on the event and aftermath. Representations of death and the dead within these articles are often stereotypical and formulaic. Discourse analysis revealed that death and the dead are represented through both metaphorical images and abject descriptions on two distinct scales. Both the bodies and the characters of the dead are handled explicitly according to socially acceptable trends. The dead are also situated spatially with specific identities constructed and reported on. Utilising discourses from throughout the social sciences, analysis of online publications reveals the way perceptions of media consumers to death both inform and are informed by media producers.
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Bales, Rodney A. "American Indian Worldviews, Risk Perceptions and Disaster Planning: an Exploratory Study." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2013. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc407742/.
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It is commonly assumed that when confronted with an imminent hazard that people will react rationally, and prepare for, or at least attempt to avoid, danger from pending disasters. However, this conventional wisdom is not as evident as it appears. People prepare for, react to, or take social action to avoid hazards when they perceive the risk of danger to be threatening enough to warrant action, providing one has the will, insight and resources to do so. However, not all people perceive risks similarly. Risk is perceived differently by different people which affects risk perception and responses to hazards. This dissertation explores the relationships between American Indian worldviews, risk perceptions and disaster planning. To carry out this research 28 American Indians were interviewed. The sample consists of 14 American Indians residing in a rural are on the northern plains and 14 urban American Indians. The results only partially support that worldview is linked to risk perception and subsequent disaster planning. Other factors found to relate to risk perception and disaster planning for this non-representative sample of American Indians include various forms of social vulnerability.
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Le, Masson Virginie. "Exploring disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation from a gender perspective : insights from Ladakh, India." Thesis, Brunel University, 2013. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7504.
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Both Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) aim at reducing the vulnerabilities and enhancing the capacities of men and women when facing natural hazards and climate change. Despite conceptual bridges existing between both sectors, the literature suggests a lack of practical integration of objectives and approaches in the design and implementation of climate change-related and DRR initiatives as well as a lack of attention to gender issues. In parallel, studies repeatedly stress the necessity to (i) provide more empirical studies that re-contextualise climate change as just one of many issues faced on a daily basis by local communities, and (ii) emphasise the gender dimension of vulnerability to understand differences between men’s and women’s realities in relation to disasters and climate change. This research explores the local dimension of the (lack of) integration of DRR and CCA through using gender as a lens. It uses the case study of the Himalayan province of Ladakh in India where the predicted impacts of climate change could seriously undermine inhabitants’ access to water. Embedded within the theoretical frames of DRR and feminist political ecology, this research draws on concepts of gender, marginalisation, vulnerability and capacity in order to understand the local impacts of environmental degradation and the implications for policies and development projects. When analysing the ways in which Ladakhi communities experience climate change and natural hazards in relation to their everyday risks, the vulnerability and capacity assessment conducted in this research shows that men and women face different everyday constraints which shape their views of their environment. The gender sensitive methodology and analysis also contribute to focus the attention away from hazards to emphasise the way people’s vulnerabilities are inherently linked to unsustainable development which stresses the importance of designing integrated responses. Yet, when examining current interventions to tackle disaster risk and climate change in relation to Ladakhi communities’ contexts, priorities and needs, a focus on gender and DRR highlights the gap between theories, policies and practices. Evidence from Ladakh contributes to show the dichotomy between the ineffectiveness of top-down interventions targeting climate change and disasters, and the gendered experiences of local communities in the face of a multitude of everyday risks that extend beyond climate change and natural hazards. Current DRR and CCA policies and projects reproduce a dominant focus on hazards and do not challenge established development models that are male-dominated and which promote people’s (and disproportionately women’s) vulnerability. However, development interventions, in the context of Ladakh, appear more adequate to improve people’s livelihoods with greater scope for inputs from the community level, which contribute to enhancing their capacities. Therefore, this thesis argues that emphasis should be placed on sustainable development practices in order to better address disaster risk and climate change as well as communities’ everyday risks. It finally underscores the need to recognise and assess the interconnection of different structures and their impacts on people’s daily lives at the onset of development strategies and to ensure that these are part of a sustainable, holistic and integrated approach to reducing vulnerability.
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Letukas, Lynn Ann. "Is aid a social problem? cross-national media constructions of relief efforts following the Indian Ocean tsunami /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 79 p, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1674100731&sid=5&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Sensarma, Suman Ranjan. "Modeling and Analysis of the Process of Resolving Regional Conflicts under Disaster and Development Risks: Case Studies from Japan and India." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/49137.
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学位授与大学：京都大学 ; 取得学位: 博士(工学) ; 学位授与年月日: 2007-09-25 ; 学位の種類: 新制・課程博士 ; 学位記番号: 工博第2847号 ; 請求記号: 新制/工/1419 ; 整理番号: 25532Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第13376号
工博第2847号
新制||工||1419(附属図書館)
25532
UT51-2007-Q777
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻
(主査)教授 岡田 憲夫, 教授 小林 潔司, 教授 多々納 裕一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Steinberg, Abby D. "Personal narratives : collective grief, the echoes of a disaster." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112612.
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The purpose of this thesis is to locate the experience of individuals in the shared experience of a cultural community, to reveal a collective experience. Further, this thesis aspires to demonstrate that the experience of trauma is transmitted, often silently, intergenerationally. This is an attempt to define a community of distant survivors, and to locate the echoes of the voice of trauma hidden in the narratives of its members. The study explores the events of the December 2004 Southeast Asian tsunami. At the moment of the tsunami disaster all the participants in this study, Indonesian International Students, were studying in Montreal Canada. The impetus behind this qualitative inquiry into the essential experience of trauma is the desire to bring the experience of distant survivors to the foreground; to recognize vicarious victims by listening for echoes in their narratives. The aim of this thesis is to (1) locate personal narratives in the context of collective grief, (2) detect the re-creation of that grief in subsequent generations. This project has been undertaken with the hope of determining ever more effective social work practices for today's survivors, and of sparking interest in trauma research for tomorrow's victims.
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Rajarshi, Dasgupta. "Enhancing Coastal Community's Disaster and Climate Resilience in the Mangrove Rich Indian Sundarban." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215362.
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Juran, Luke Robert. "Churning the water after the wave: water components of housing reconstruction in post-tsunami south India." Diss., University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3476.
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This dissertation provides an authoritative account of reconstruction in the water sector after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami in coastal, deltaic South India. In particular, this study examines 14 newly constructed housing settlements in the adjacent study areas of Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, and Karaikal District, Puducherry. There is currently a paucity of literature dedicated to water components of reconstruction. Thus, this study expands the discourse and posits water elements of post-disaster processes as unique and therefore deserving of increased scholarly attention. The study is informed by a multi-methods approach and a geographical perspective. The methodologies include, inter alia, qualitative and quantitative survey instruments; key informant interviews; focus group discussions; the employment of primary documents; and environmental analyses through bacteriological and chemical water quality testing. Geographically, data, information, and actions are perceived as the coalescence of localized socio-cultural, politico-economic, and environmental fabrics. This approach to viewing circumstances is imperative for dissecting the outcomes of reconstruction processes in a specific context, and consequently for understanding problems, identifying solutions, and gauging the appropriateness of particular configurations in place-based systems.
This dissertation critiques the models utilized for reconstruction in the two study areas. The scales of inquiry are demographically and geo-physically similar, yet differ in political organization. It is argued that Nagapattinam executed a model of reconstruction founded on collaborative governance, while Karaikal exercised a single agency approach. Thus, various governmental agencies were responsible for specific reconstruction activities in Nagapattinam, whereas a single agency was responsible for all activities in Karaikal. In general, the latter approach, which was less layered, produced comparatively better outcomes. Moreover, both jurisdictions implemented 'hard' paths for water management and operationalized panoptic and revenue-based methods of reconstruction, albeit inefficiently. Numerous shortcomings in reconstruction outcomes were uncovered (e.g., water quality, quantity, and pressure), as were an array of organic coping mechanisms established by affectees in order to surmount such inadequacies. To that end, it is contended that: the coping mechanisms fail to remedy the condition; much of the waterscape is beyond the control of the subjects; and the governments are ultimately deficient in responding to the needs of their citizens. The post-tsunami waterscapes are also analyzed quantitatively through the development of a contextualized, multi-scalar Water Poverty Index (WPI). The WPI is deployed with three distinct weighing schemes and reveals that, on the whole, the sites situated in Karaikal generally perform better than those in Nagapattinam. Interestingly enough, the sites located in rural Nagapattinam outperform their urban counterparts. This case--primarily a product of different water treatment processes--challenges conventional rural-urban dichotomies. Given the occurrence of poor water quality, an investigation of boiling as a method of household water treatment (HWT) surfaces several barriers to and caveats of its adoption. Data indicate that boiling is less effective than could be; thus, it is argued that boiling may not be the optimal strategy for HWT. Lastly, advised by the corpus of data, this dissertation presents a novel framework for managing water components of post-disaster reconstruction. The framework identifies common project failures, can be harnessed independently or alongside existing instruments, and possesses diagnostic, management, and evaluative potential.
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Leopold, Teresa Ingeborg, and n/a. "The construction of a disaster destination : rebuilding Koh Phi Phi, Thailand." University of Otago. Department of Tourism, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080430.100246.
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The popular tourist destination island of Koh Phi Phi Don, Thailand was heavily affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami in December 2004, which resulted in a destroyed tourism infrastructure and complete downturn of tourism. Extensive recovery and rebuilding work by emerging community groups, returned locals, international volunteers and Thai government units provided an efficient but hasty reconstruction of the destination. Ethnographic research conducted in the community provided insights into the complex stakeholder interactions and their roles and influences on the reconstruction of the community.
The community�s level of vulnerability on Koh Phi Phi Don was influenced by social processes and interactions during the destination�s recovery process as the various stakeholders (e.g. government vs. locals) had differing perceptions of the island�s economic, environmental and social vulnerability. These disputes are grounded in different social time processes, particularly illustrated through land law disputes among locals, landowners and the government. Other factors which influenced the reconstruction of Koh Phi Phi as a tourist destination were pre-tsunami conditions (past overdevelopment), the empowerment of the community, the reconstructed place identity, various anniversary celebrations and the early warning system.
A model is suggested to illustrate and discuss Koh Phi Phi Don as a disaster destination, which provides insights into the dynamics which govern a destination�s post-disaster recovery period. Thus, it illustrates how stakeholder interaction is influenced by distinct understandings of the multiple notions of vulnerability. Furthermore, this study establishes essential links between disaster and tourism theories and suggests an extended tourism disaster management framework, which calls for an inclusion of post-recovery processes.
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Wueger, Diana Beth. "Deterring war or courting disaster: an analysis of nuclear weapons in the Indian Ocean." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/45278.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedOne of the core assumptions of nuclear strategy is that submarine-based deterrent assets stabilize deterrent relationships by providing an assured second-strike capability. As India progresses toward an operational sea-based deterrent, this thesis seeks to qualify this foundational assumption by exploring the empirical conditions under which this principle operated during the Cold War. It then examines whether these conditions—and by extension the standard logic regarding sea-based deterrence—apply in South Asia. Using the India-China and India-Pakistan dyads as discrete cases, this thesis analyzes the potential effects of India’s introduction of a ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) on each dyad. While an operational sea-based deterrent should hypothetically provide India with a greater sense of existential security vis-à-vis China, there is little evidence to suggest that India will cease to pursue additional nuclear or conventional capabilities. India’s SSBN thus fails to resolve perceived security threats from China, even as it exacerbates arms racing tendencies in Pakistan. Furthermore, it is likely to generate conventional maritime arms races in both dyads that could prove destabilizing in a crisis. This thesis finds that assumptions based on Cold War-era analyses do not accommodate the geographic, bureaucratic, operational, or strategic realities of South Asia. Thus, this thesis concludes that traditional assumptions about SSBNs fail to acknowledge the conditionality of their strategic value while overlooking the potential dangers posed by the introduction of these systems.
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Prince, Breeanna Carroll. "Access to Water: Advancement of Multidimensional, Multiscalar, and Participatory Methods of Measurement in the Global South." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83823.
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This project deploys a modified Water Poverty Index (WPI) in villages reconstructed after the 2004 tsunami in southeastern India. While previous measurements of access to water have advanced understandings of waterscape complexities, this modified WPI improves past efforts and deconstructs some of the previous misunderstandings and notions regarding access to water. The traditional WPI is multidimensional and seeks to measure water access in a holistic fashion; the WPI presented here employs this approach, but is adapted to include new place-based indicators (e.g., Secondary Sources). Furthermore, unlike previous iterations of the WPI, our modified index incorporates water quality testing, three weight schemes, and operates at several scales. Ultimately, the construction and arrangement of our modified WPI enables statistical analyses, geospatial analyses, and water poverty mapping -- which are absent in most prior studies-- while still remaining easy to populate and descriptively analyze among non-academicians. Statistical tests of original household level data from a total of 24 villages in Nagapattinam District, Tamil Nadu, and Karaikal District, Puducherry, indicate significant differences between the two districts in indicator scores as well as total WPI score. Additionally, the urban and rural areas within each district were found to be significantly different in level of water poverty, and trends were similar across the three weight schemes. Multiple linear regressions show correlation of independent socioeconomic variables (i.e., Income, Education, and Assets-Networks) with the dependent indicator of Capacity, but not with the other indicators or total WPI score. Global Moran's I tests indicate positive spatial autocorrelation, demonstrating that indicator and WPI scores tend to cluster in space. Overall, the results match what was anticipated, yet serve to challenge commonly held assumptions on urban-rural hierarchies and the role of socioeconomic variables in determining water poverty. The construction, deployment, and analytical potential of this modified WPI can be used by scholars to improve existing conceptualizations and measurements of access to water, while the results can be used by local governments and nonprofits to improve resource allocation and inform spatially-targeted interventions.Master of Science
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Aswalap, Supaluk Joy O'Connor Brian C. "Tsunami disaster response a case analysis of the information society in Thailand /." [Denton, Tex.] : University of North Texas, 2009. http://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12075.
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Sultanem, Nicolas. "Resilience Thinking For Common Pool Resources Management - Avoiding Drought Induced Disaster Threats in Indian Rajasthan." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190707.
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Drought related problems are a major stress source on the livelihood of communities in several areas of the world. Due to inefficient water resources management people leave their traditional habitat in search for security in larger agglomerations. This creates a big stress on the carrying capacity of urban centers and leaves deserted rural areas incapacitated. Setting Sustainable Development Goals as targets to reach, using Resilience Thinking to provide for resilience, adaptability and transformability, and planning for Integrated Water Resources Management can be a solution to reduce this outmigration. Rajasthan is a state in India where communities have been surviving with very little available water for ages. Contemporaneous implementations in parts of Rajasthan fulfill the framework set for this study. After identifying a promising SES in terms of drought resilience a field investigation was conducted for adequate assessment and model of resilient SES was reverse engineered from the findings. Reading thru this document one can explore the uniqueness of Rajasthan water governance from pasts long gone and to the current date. In the end of the study strategic adaptive planning recommendations can be found for creating a similar SES.
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Nafesa, Binti Ismail. "Livelihood Changes After the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami Disaster: Case Study in Banda Aceh, Indonesia." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232441.
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Jigyasu, Rohit. "Reducing Disaster Vulnerability through Local Knowledge and Capacity. The Cace of Earthquake Prone Rural Communities in India and Nepal." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Urban Design and Planning, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1995.
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This dissertation investigates the past and present status of local knowledge, skills and capacity of rural communities in India and Nepal for reducing their vulnerability to earthquakes. Disaster vulnerability is investigated not only as pre disaster condition but also as a continuous process, which is influenced by underdevelopment, process and various response decisions in post disaster situation. To get an integrated and dynamic picture of how local knowledge and capacity and disaster vulnerability influence each other, three case studies are investigated, namely Marathwada region in India, Kutch and Saurashtra regions in Gujarat in India and Kathmandu valley in Nepal. While the first case looks into the impact of post earthquake rehabilitation after seven-eight years, the second case looks in detail into the immediate transition phase from relief to rehabilitation, in a span of one year after the quake. To get an overview of total situation in both the cases, post disaster situation is essentially linked to the pre-disaster vulnerability situation. The third case looks into various transformation processes in rural communities, which create conditions for predisaster vulnerability. The three case studies are analysed for various underlying structural and non-structural causes that create negative conditions in which disaster vulnerability of these communities is increasing because of weakening local knowledge and capacity.
These case studies throw significant light on three inter-related aspects. First, they show key features of local knowledge and capacity of rural communities for mitigation, preparedness and recovery from earthquakes. They are embodied in physical planning and buildings, skills for using local resources, mutual support systems and informal livelihood mechanisms. Second, these (especially the Kathmandu case) provide an in-depth understanding of various transformation processes (pertaining to changes in built form, land use and ownership, occupational structure and social and economic structure) and their impact on traditional knowledge and capacity and resulting pre-disaster vulnerability to earthquakes. Third, these (especially Marathwada and Gujarat cases) show the implications of post earthquake rehabilitation on disaster vulnerability in the long run. These show, how certain decisions taken as part of rehabilitation not only reinforce pre-disaster vulnerabilities but also create new ones.
Five main issues and challenges in the context of rural communities of India and Nepal are pointed at for reducing their disaster vulnerability through building local knowledge and capacities. These are loss of material and land resources, loss of traditional skills, cultural incompatibility of external interventions, increasing social and economic inequity and weakening of local governance. The issue of culturally insensitive "transfer" of local knowledge is also taken up here. The research concludes by articulating socio-cultural, territorial and eco-developmental perspectives that can contribute towards developing a new framework (paradigm) for disaster management in India and Nepal.
Finally, I suggest strategies for introducing disaster management into strategies for rural development by regenerating rural livelihoods, formulating strategies for rural land management, improving spatial planning and building, improving quality of education on disaster mitigation and preparedness and most importantly finding out ways of intervening in local power structure. Several measures for improving post earthquake rehabilitation are also suggested.
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Pasupuleti, Ram Sateesh. "Understanding the role of culture in the post disaster reconstruction process : the case of tsunami reconstruction in Tamilnadu, Southern India." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2011. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8zzv4/understanding-the-role-of-culture-in-the-post-disaster-reconstruction-process-the-case-of-tsunami-reconstruction-in-tamilnadu-southern-india.
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This thesis is developed in built environment context on the premise that integrating cultural aspects in development produces sustainable ways of living for communities affected by natural disasters. It employs a conceptual framework to validate the argument that cultural dimensions of the affected communities are not effectively and sufficiently addressed in the current post disaster humanitarian and development processes. This has been well articulated in this study from the analysis of shelter reconstruction process in 2004 tsunami hit fishing villages of Tamilnadu. The main contribution of this thesis to theory and practice is delivered in three sections. Firstly, it explains the relevance of the conceptual framework that synthesises two different fields of enquiry i.e. cultural anthropology and urban design to analyse the role of culture in the evolution and development of traditional settlements in post disaster contexts. As culture has got multiple interpretations in different contexts, this framework contextualises and defines the cultural dimensions through which communities tend to give meanings to their living or built spaces in the post disaster development contexts. This is followed by the analysis of reconstruction processes in three tsunami hit fishing villages in Tamilnadu, Southern India, in which the author has carried out primary research as part of his PhD study. It also explains the relevance of the conceptual framework in selecting the casestudy areas for this study. It is aimed to identify how diversified cultural settings respond to the tsunami reconstruction processes to sustain their lives and livelihoods. The analysis of this primary research unfolds the specific impacts and the reasons for such responses in the post tsunami reconstruction process, by comparing and contrasting the findings from the three case studies. From the comparative and combined analysis general development issues that are observed from all the case studies has been elaborated briefly. This thesis discusses the disaster reconstruction process in two different ways. Instrumentally – in a positivist way. Physical distances are increased due to relocation and extended families have separated, certain activities are no longer possible and ultimately the family suffers. Development agencies operate at an instrumental level in their discussion of vulnerability. Here the frame of discussion is about the role of governance, agencies and its direct physical relations. The findings of this research have demonstrated that the impact of development on traditional settlements (pre and post disaster) raises broader issues from the side of both beneficiary and development groups. Secondly, the findings on the outcome of the reconstruction process have been discussed from the perspective of cultural anthropology. Here the consideration is of a ‘way of life’ – a habitus. This was changing for the fishermen anyway in pre and post disaster development processes and the tsunami represented the prospect of a cataclysmic change. The concept of habitus is not determinist and as the ‘way of life’ is inevitably altered, different individuals and families have different responses. At the extreme, cataclysmic change can also lead to increased vulnerability. This perspective is addressed from a different philosophical framework to positivism of development studies and draws on cultural anthropology – that is looking at the world as a social construct that operates through a physical spatial field. When the spatial relations change, this has an impact on social relations, but the relationship is not direct and deterministic, because the social and the spatial are mutually constructed. In this research, urban design concepts have operated at both levels. The layout can be viewed instrumentally and functionally in terms of the way it supports (or not) the issues of income and livelihood and it can be interpreted as a socio-spatial construct that supports the performances of social and cultural life that have been identified in this study. Some of the findings and process of this research either has already been disseminated in various international conferences including TCDPAP, conference (2007) in Pakistan, IASTE conference (2008) at Oxford, Culture Space (2009) symposium at Istanbul, Understanding Places symposium (2009) at London. Very recently, in 2010 this has been presented in the Knowledge Exchange Series at School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal, which has been mentioned in leading ‘Pioneer’ news paper. In 2011, an article has been published in ABACUS journal.
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Hausmann, Stephen Robert. "Inventing Indian Country: Race and Environment in the Black Hills Region, 1851-1981." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/601514.
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HistoryPh.D.
In 1972, a flood tore through Rapid City, South Dakota, killing 238 people. Many whose lives and homes were destroyed lived in a predominately Native American neighborhood known as “Osh Kosh Camp.” This dissertation asks: why did those people lived in that neighborhood at that time? The answer lies at the intersection of the histories of race and environment in the American West. In the Black Hills region, white Americans racialized certain spaces under the conceptual framework of Indian Country as part of the process of American conquest on the northern plains beginning in the mid-nineteenth century. The American project of racializing Western spaces erased Indians from histories of Rapid City, a process most obviously apparent in the construction of Mount Rushmore as a tourist attraction. Despite this attempted erasure, Indians continued to live and work in the city and throughout the Black Hills. In Rapid City, rampant discrimination forced Native Americans in Rapid City to live in neighborhoods cut off from city services, including Osh Kosh Camp After the flood, activists retook the Indian Country concept as a tool of protest. This dissertation claims that environment and race must be understood together in the American West.
Temple University--Theses
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Muttarak, Raya, and Wiraporn Pothisiri. "The Role of Education on Disaster Preparedness: Case Study of 2012 Indian Ocean Earthquakes on Thailand's Andaman Coast." The Resilience Alliance, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-06101-180451.
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In this paper we investigate how well residents of the Andaman coast in Phang Nga province, Thailand, are
prepared for earthquakes and tsunami. It is hypothesized that formal education can promote disaster preparedness because
education enhances individual cognitive and learning skills, as well as access to information. A survey was conducted of 557
households in the areas that received tsunami warnings following the Indian Ocean earthquakes on 11 April 2012. Interviews
were carried out during the period of numerous aftershocks, which put residents in the region on high alert. The respondents
were asked what emergency preparedness measures they had taken following the 11 April earthquakes. Using the partial
proportional odds model, the paper investigates determinants of personal disaster preparedness measured as the number of
preparedness actions taken. Controlling for village effects, we find that formal education, measured at the individual, household,
and community levels, has a positive relationship with taking preparedness measures. For the survey group without past disaster
experience, the education level of household members is positively related to disaster preparedness. The findings also show that
disaster-related training is most effective for individuals with high educational attainment. Furthermore, living in a community
with a higher proportion of women who have at least a secondary education increases the likelihood of disaster preparedness.
In conclusion, we found that formal education can increase disaster preparedness and reduce vulnerability to natural hazards.
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Aswalap, Supaluk Joy. "Tsunami disaster response: A case analysis of the information society in Thailand." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2009. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc12075/.
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The December 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami wrecked thousands of lives, homes, and livelihoods - losses that could have been avoided with timely and better information. A resource such as information is needed at a fundamental level much like water, food, medicine, or shelter. This dissertation examines the development of the Thai information society, in terms of the share of information workforce and the level of diffusion of information and communication technologies (ICT), as well as, the role of the Thai information society in response to the tsunami disaster. The study combined the historical and political economy analyses in explaining factors influencing the growth of information workforce and the development of ICT in Thailand. Interviews conducted in 2007-08 revealed the Thai information society responded to the 2004 Tsunami - the first global internet-mediated natural disaster - in two areas: on-site assistance in collecting and recording identification information of tsunami disaster victims and on-line dissemination of disaster relief information. The effectiveness of ICT institutions in providing the tsunami disaster relief efforts and increasing the development of the information society were assessed using statistical procedures analyzing the perceptions of the Internet-based survey respondents. The disaster effects on survey respondents were also assessed. The study's findings include: (1) the Thai information sector development pattern confirmed a key difference between development patterns of information sectors in developed and developing countries, (2) the increasing number of Thai information workers was due more to the expansion of government than the expansion in the manufacturing and service sectors during the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis, (3) Thailand's expansion of ICT infrastructure was influenced not only on the basis of economic profitability but also by political desirability, and (4) volunteers were crucial in humanitarian aid and disaster relief.
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Yegge, David Arnold. "Residential fire sprinklers requirement in single and multi-family homes: Survey of attitudes among the citizens of the city of Indio." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/42.
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Yotsui, Saki. "Fatality Modeling of Tsunami Disaster Taking into Account Geographical Factors and Demographic Components." Kyoto University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/232442.
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Hosseini, Seyed Mohammad Amin. "Sustainability in the post-disaster temporary housing management for urban areas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/403845.
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Many people lose their homes every year due to natural disasters. One of the major challenges to mollify displaced persons is the provision of adequate post-disaster accommodations, temporary housing (TH) being the most common alternative. While the need for TH is dramatically increasing, this is criticized from a sustainability standpoint. Contrarily, a universal approach to temporary housing cannot successfully deal with this issue because each recovery has singular conditions.
In this context, temporary housing units (THUs) have been used to serve as an alternative residence while the permanent housing process is being completed. This model has been widely used in previous recovery programs even though several drawbacks have been reported. Nonetheless, the lack of potential of certain areas persuades decision-makers to implement THUs. In view of this contradictory panorama, it is evident that decision-makers need to be supported in selecting adequate type of THUs to reduce the negative impacts of TH when there is no other possibility.
To this end, this research presents a novel approach to determine sustainable solutions for TH in terms of economic, environmental and social requirements while integrating the stakeholders' preferences and the local conditions. This has been calibrated and validated with 5 study cases: (1) earthquakes in Turkey (1999), (2) Iran (2003), (3) Italy (2009), (4) and tsunami in Indonesia (2004), and (5) hurricane and flood in USA (2005).
The proposed approach results in four new models: (1) a conceptual model oriented to assess the sustainability of post-disaster temporary housing alternatives; (2) a model to support decision-makers in discriminating the optimal site location of temporary housing; (3) a model to determine potential area subsets that meet certain area requirements to settle the THUs; and (4) a model for choosing optimized THUs. These models are directly based on the sustainability concept integrating the three main accepted pillars (economic, environmental and social).
It should be emphasized that the MIVES method has been used throughout the research to deal with the sustainability assessment. This method permits minimizing the subjectivity in the decision-making process and relies on the value function concept.
This new general approach is meant and designed to be a decisive support for decision-making in the field of TH management.Gran quantitat de persones perden el seu habitatge cada any a causa dels desastres naturals. Un dels reptes més importants per atendre aquestes persones desplaçades és proveir-los d'allotjaments després del desastre, essent l'habitatge temporal (HT) l'alternativa més comuna. Tot i que la necessitat per HT està creixent dramàticament, aquesta solució es critica des del punt de vista de la sostenibilitat. Per contra, un enfoc universal al tema de l'habitatge temporal no pot fer front amb èxit amb aquest problema, ja que cada cas de recuperació té condicions singulars. En aquest context, les unitats d'habitatge temporal (UHTs) s'han utilitzat per a servir com a residència alternativa mentre el procés de construcció de l'habitatge permanent s'està acabant. Aquest model ha estat àmpliament utilitzat en els programes de recuperació anteriors tot i que s'han detectat diversos inconvenients. No obstant això, la manca de potencial de recuperació de certes àrees persuadeix als prenedors de decisions a implementar UHTs. A causa d'aquest contradictori panorama, és evident que els prenedors de decisions necessiten ser recolzats en la selecció adequada del tipus de UHTs per així reduir els impactes negatius dels HTs quan són la única alternativa possible. Amb aquesta finalitat, aquesta investigació presenta un nou enfoc per determinar solucions sostenibles per a HT tenint en compte requeriments econòmics, ambientals i socials; al mateix temps que integra les preferències dels actors implicats i les condicions locals singulars. Això ha estat configurat i validat amb 5 casos d'estudi : (1) terratrèmols a Turquia (1999), (2) Iran (2003), (3) Itàlia (2009), (4) i tsunami a Indonèsia (2004), i (5) huracans i inundacions a EUA (2005). L'enfoc proposat resulta en quatre nous models: (1) un model conceptual orientat a avaluar la sostenibilitat de les alternatives d'habitatge temporal després d'un desastre; (2) un model per donar suport a la presa de decisions en la discriminació de la ubicació del lloc òptim d'allotjament temporal; (3) un model per a determinar subconjunts d'àrees amb potencial que compleixen amb certs requisits de superfície on allotjar UHTs; i (4) un model per a l'elecció d'UHTs optimitzats. Aquests quatre models es basen directament en el concepte de sostenibilitat que integra els tres principals pilars reconeguts (econòmic, ambiental i social). Cal fer èmfasi en que el mètode MIVES s'ha utilitzat durant tota la investigació per a dur a terme l'avaluació de la sostenibilitat. Aquest mètode permet reduir al mínim la subjectivitat en el procés de presa de decisions i es basa en el concepte de funció de valor. Aquest nou enfocament general està destinat i dissenyat a ser un suport decisiu per a la presa de decisions en l'àmbit de la gestió d'HT.
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Sari, Siswani [Verfasser]. "The governmental and non-governmental approaches to maintain medium and long-term disaster resilience after a mega-disaster : Case study: Aceh Province, Indonesia after 2004 the Indian Ocean Tsunami / Siswani Sari." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1194464785/34.
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Mayer, Jouanjean Isabelle. "L'île de La Réunion sous l'œil du cyclone au XXème siècle. Histoire, Société, et catastrophe Naturelle." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00780487.
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Une histoire globale des cyclones à La Réunion, prenant en compte leurs composantes (géographique, sociale, économique, culturelle), est traduite ici. Les risques naturels ont été et restent le domaine privilégié des sciences exactes. Mais l'apport scientifique des historiens, celui de comprendre la manière dont, en fonction des époques, une société vit et gère les événements catastrophiques, et comment elle s'adapte et/ou redoute le risque, n'est plus à négliger. Il s'agit alors d'essayer de saisir la définition du risque et la notion de vulnérabilité données par la société réunionnaise, noms qui varient dans le temps et dans l'espace, en fonction des groupes et de leurs modes de vie. Ces termes tiennent compte des événements, donc des faits, à l'exemple de Jenny (28/02/1962), un cyclone révélateur d'une société fragile en quête de changements. Cette histoire intègre davantage encore les mutations d'une société luttant contre un météore qui fait peser une menace quasi-permanente sur le territoire. Notre thèse présente donc une approche sociale et environnementale de l'histoire des cyclones dans la société réunionnaise : il s'agit d'évaluer l'impact d'un événement destructeur, le cyclone, dans la mémoire collective et individuelle, dans l'évolution des sciences, des techniques, des alertes, de la gestion de la crise, de l'organisation des secours et de l'aménagement du territoire. Le cyclone peut donc être un objet d'Histoire à part entière. Parallèlement, notre recherche consiste à comprendre les conséquences des cyclones d'un point de vue géographique et humain. L'impact des cyclones est différent selon le lieu frappé et l'habitat ainsi que de leur évolution dans le temps. Par ailleurs, l'histoire des comportements humains apporte d'autres éléments à l'enquête avancée : la solidarité intègre cette région du monde dans un contexte national et international par l'aide sollicitée auprès de la métropole et d'autres pays. Les autorités et les services compétents entrent en compte pour l'administration de l'île et les choix à faire tant en terme de prévention, que d'information et de mobilisation. Parmi les cyclones marquants du XXème siècle, le cyclone des 26 et 27 janvier 1948 est communément appelé " le cyclone du siècle ". Cependant, le cyclone Jenny (28 février 1962), par ses apports, semble être le point de départ d'un demi-siècle de mutations. Et de fait, une césure dans l'histoire de la société réunionnaise. L'objectif final de notre recherche est de contribuer au progrès d'une prise de conscience collective des cyclones afin de mieux limiter les dégâts humains et matériels lors de leurs passages.
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van, der Vlist Joanne. "When a natural disaster occurs during a conflict – Catalyst or obstacle for peace? : A comparative case study of the insurgency in Aceh, Indonesia and the Sri Lankan civil war in relation to the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-414202.
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Superficial information of the civil wars in Aceh, Indonesia and Sri Lanka creates the idea that both conflicts were in similar situations when they were hit by the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. It thus seems surprising that in the wake of the tsunami, the Free Aceh Movement and the Government of Indonesia signed a peace agreement, while the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the Government of Sri Lanka returned to war. This thesis aims to explore what factors related to the tsunami contributed to this difference and whether rational choice theory can serve as an explanation for this difference. In order to find out, I conducted a qualitative comparative case study though the analysis of secondary documents. The results suggest that the factors that contributed to the difference can be divided into four broad themes: (1) the timing of the tsunami and thus the pre-disaster context; (2) the geographical situation and with that, the military impact; (3) the types of guerilla groups, including their abilities to rule, their access to financial capital and their strategic; (4) the role of the international community, which can be further divided into firstly, the geopolitical relevance of these countries, and secondly, internationalization, community engagement and separating the tsunami and conflict. I believe that rational choice theory explains the difference in outcome between the two conflicts very well. This theory assumes that people, given the circumstances, and in view of all the possible options, will act in line with the option that is expected to satisfy them most and minimize their losses. Applying this theory to the case studies of Aceh and Sri Lanka following the tsunami, it was appealing for the Free Aceh Movement to settle, but this was not the case for the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. As a result, the former chose to sign a peace agreement with the Government of Indonesia, whereas the latter chose to continue its fight against the Government of Sri Lanka.
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Suryanarayan, Renuka. "U.S. Elite Newspapers' Pre- and Post-tsunami Coverage, 2003-2006: A Case Study of Sri Lanka." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1213978333.
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Thiruppugazh, V. "Post-disaster reconstruction : policies, performance and politics ; a comparative study of three states in India." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150774.
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The study compares evidence from the major reconstruction programs undertaken in three states in India after catastrophic disasters: Maharashtra earthquake (1993), Gujarat earthquake (2001) and Asian tsunami in Tamil Nadu (2004). It poses the central question: why, within the same broad political, social, economic and cultural framework, did some reconstruction programs go beyond pre-impact restoration to build back better?
I argue that post-disaster reconstruction is a political process in which vision, political leadership, political will and political culture are key ingredients. Reconstruction prescriptions must, therefore, go beyond the technical and embrace the political realm. One of the basic policy dilemmas is the choice between restoration status quo ante and betterment reconstruction. Discussions on the factors that contribute to effective use of post-disaster opportunity have remained largely normative with very little validation through intensive empirical research, particularly in the Indian context. This study has attempted to bridge this gap. This research has identified some of the key factors behind success in "building back better." This has been accomplished using extensive primary data (compiled from household-level surveys, village meetings and interviews), rigorous field visits, archival research, international comparison and personal experience. The study has identified, analyzed and categorized the myriad factors driving the reconstruction programs. The findings emphasize that disaster reconstruction cannot be depoliticized. It finds that the commitment of the State is a critical variable determining the leap forward after a disaster and that vision and political leadership define the scope and role of the State. Since betterment reconstruction is a long-drawn-out process, continued political commitment is needed to go beyond short-term objectives. The evidence indicates that the determinants of political will are not confined to the narrow domain of leadership, but are inseparable from the specific political cultures. The research finds that political culture is an over-arching determinant of policy choices, program implementation and the nature of stakeholder engagement. The study demonstrates that in a country like India, besides the national ethos, the political cultures of different states or even sub-cultures within them shape the larger contours of the reconstruction. This finding underscores the importance of understanding political culture while formulating policy prescriptions and designing programs. The thesis is in three parts. The first examines the recovery after the three disasters in three areas: housing reconstruction, economic transformation and disaster management. The second isolates and analyses key factors behind differential outcomes from the perspective of stakeholders and global literature. The third dwells on reconstruction as a political process.
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Swamy, Raja Harish. "Disaster capitalism : tsunami reconstruction and neoliberalism in Nagapattinam, South India." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-3461.
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This dissertation examines the impacts of the tsunami of 2004 on economic development priorities in Nagapattinam, South India. By focusing on the manner in which the disaster was cast as an opportunity by the state and multilateral agencies, the unprecedented scale and ambiguous character of involvement by NGOs in reconstruction, and the distinction drawn between economic development and humanitarian aid in the constitution of a reconstruction agenda predicated on the relocation of artisanal fisher communities from the coast, this study demonstrates how post-disaster outcomes are increasingly being shaped by priorities tied to neoliberal globalization. At the same time the processes that unfold are also characterized by significant complexities particularly on account of efforts by affected populations to deploy various strategies to defend their interests, and substantive differences in the approach of NGOs.text
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Hussain, Shehla. "Disaster Rehabilitative Housing In India." 2010. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/522.
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The project explores the design development of housing within the scenario of Post Disaster Rehabilitation of populations displaced by natural disasters. By looking at the house as a system that combines two distinct phases of rehabilitative housing, namely Transitional Housing and Durable Housing, the design seeks to reduce the complications of relocation every time there is a need to move on to the next phase of shelter aid.
To truly make the house construction an owner driven experience, the system aims to be designed such that it can manipulated by the owner/user to suit their long term needs and personal tastes. By doing so, the house strives to imbibe a sense of belonging, making it less likely for the shelter to be rejected by the owner.
For this purpose, the aesthetic of the shelter would need to be carefully designed and organic patterns of settlement growth studied to realize the need of the types of public, semi public and private spaces.
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Sabhlok, Anu. "SEWA in relief gendered geographies of disaster relief in Gujarat, India /." 2007. http://www.etda.libraries.psu.edu/theses/approved/WorldWideIndex/ETD-1744/index.html.
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Laughlin, Kim. "Writing "Bhopal": Rhetorical perspectives on India, environmentalism and the politics of disaster." Thesis, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/16640.
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This dissertation explores the ways contemporary environmental politics in India combine older Leftist agendas with important new critiques of the role of science and technology in societal development. The primary case study is Bhopal, where micro-level issues of health care, vocational rehabilitation and housing are addressed alongside macro-level issues of international law, technology transfer and trade liberalization. The Bhopal material is situated within broader patterns of opposition through comparison with the resistance strategies of other victimized areas.
Theoretically, this dissertation is an analysis of the rhetorical strategies used by Indian environmental activists in their attempts to respond to and shape contemporary politics. Each section is both an example of a specific rhetorical strategy and an analysis of the kind of information which can be carried through the specified writing form. Threaded throughout the dissertation is an accounting of how questions about writing occur not only when confronted with the task of scholarly representation but also throughout the work of political activism, particularly when it is working within an emerging discourse such as that of environmentalism. Also emphasized is the connection between rhetorics, the contexts in which they are produced and their effects on social change.
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Kushwaha, M. K. "Disaster management in India with special reference to the role of armed forces." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/4305.
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Bulling, Agustin A. Julio, and 古立鷗. "ASEAN and Disaster Management in the New Century: Response and Implications of the 2004 Indian Ocean Disaster." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47119390303986737302.
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碩士淡江大學
國際事務與戰略研究所碩士班
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This thesis examines the response and regional cooperation in Southeast Asia, specifically by the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the context of Disaster Management in the 21st century, having as an example the damage caused by the earthquake and tsunami in the Indian Ocean in 2004, and its actions taken until today in order to reduce the risks of future hazards in the region. It explores the concept of disaster (natural and man-made) and disaster management. The conceptual framework used, Security Community, guides the entire research and makes the connection between Non-Traditional Security issues and International Relations and it also serves to propose criticisms and challenges to the final construction of a desired ASEAN Community by 2015. It is analyzed the most important disaster management mechanisms before, during and after the 2004 Indian Ocean Disaster. The response for that particular event resulted to be a turning point for ASEAN, encouraging it to implement solid institutions with the aim of preventing and coping internal/transboundary disasters in the ASEAN region. That entire purpose is answered throughout one final question: is the ASEAN Disaster Management still a work in progress? Yes, it is still a work in progress that it needs to be assessed urgently to ensure the stability and security of the region with the purpose of development, key aim of a proper Security Community.
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Koerner, Bruce A. "Templates for creating standardized cartographic products for Montana county pre-disaster mitigation plans." 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-04102007-154727/.
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Courtney, Claire E. "Reporting death and disaster the paradox beyond the numbers /." 2007. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20070823.152722/index.html.
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Mohapatra, Romasa. "Community Based Planning in Post-Disaster Reconstruction:A Case Study of Tsunami Affected Fishing Communities in Tamil Nadu Coast of India." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/4727.
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In the past few years, natural disasters have been taking more lives and, especially more in the lesser-developed countries. There have been debates in the scientific world on what could be the best ways to mitigate disasters and reduce their impacts. In addition, there is a growing concern about finding the best way of restoring normal lives in the disaster affected communities. Traditional top-down approaches practiced by local governments, aid-agencies, and NGOs have now been replaced by community-based disaster management approaches. International aid-agencies such as the World Bank, UNDP, CIDA, USAID etc., emphasize on the involvement of the community for development purposes and long term sustainability. However, experiences from catastrophic disasters such as the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 or the Hurricane Katrina of 2005 revealed post-disaster scenario to be chaotic and at times insensitive to local cultures and needs of victims.
Literature review of past theories indicated the widening gap in disaster management approaches for establishing effective models to deal with recurrent mega-disasters. To address some of the gaps and issues related to disaster management strategies and approaches, an ongoing reconstruction process of the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004 was evaluated in the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, India. Four underlying objectives were set. The first was to review the evolving disaster paradigm and related theories and concepts in literature and to build connections with planning models and community based planning. Gaps in the literature were identified and a ‘common framework’ to study both the domains of environmental planning and disaster management was designed. The ‘framework’ was designed using other interdisciplinary planning frameworks, and suffices the second objective of this dissertation.
The third objective was to assess an ongoing reconstruction process using an appropriate methodology and suitable indicators. Environmental issues and disaster related problems have risen over the last decade with its effects worsening in the developing countries. Despite technological advancements, it seems almost impossible to make disaster related losses negligible. However, losses can be minimised with proper interventions and community preparedness. Case studies were carried out within disaster affected fishing communities in the coastal areas of Tamil Nadu, India.
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Eriksson, Lina M. "Natural Disasters and National Election : On the 2004 Indian Ocean Boxing Day Tsunami, the 2005 Storm Gudrun and the 2006 Historic Regime Shift." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-314534.
Full textAbstract:
The 2006 Swedish parliamentary election was a historic election with the largest bloc transfer of voters in Swedish history. The 2002-2006 incumbent Social Democratic Party (S) received its lowest voter support since 1914 as roughly 150,000, or 8%, of the 2002 S voters went to the main opposition, the conservative Moderate Party (M). This became the most decisive factor in ousting S from power after 12 years of rule. As a result, the M-led Alliance (A) with the People's Party (FP), the Center Party (C), and the Christian Democrats (KD) won the election. Natural Disasters and National Election makes the novel contribution of proposing two natural disasters, the Indian Ocean’s 2004 Boxing Day Tsunami and 2005 Storm Gudrun (Erwin), which struck only two weeks following the tsunami, as major events that impacted government popularity in the 2006 election and contributed to the redistribution of voter support, within and across party-blocs. The core findings from this thesis show that the S government’s poor crisis response to Gudrun, which is the hitherto most costly natural disaster in Swedish history, alone has an estimated effect of a magnitude that likely contributed to the 2006 historic regime shift, while the tsunami also seems to have mattered. The tsunami is particularly interesting, as S’s poor international crisis response to the event constitutes the first natural disaster situation to knowingly have affected an election on the other side of the planet. Moreover, to some degree voters recognized the active opposition by C as effective representation and rewarded the party for its strong stance on the poor handling of both events by S. In fact, the active voice of C concerning these disasters likely helped move the party from the periphery of party politics to becoming the third-largest party in Swedish politics. In sum, this research investigates accountability and effective party representation via retrospective voting, which is an essential mechanism for the legitimacy of democracy. Findings suggest that the average Swedish voter indeed may be voting retrospectively to hold publically elected officials accountable, which suggest a healthy status of the retrospective voting mechanism and Swedish democracy.
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Wang, Chun Yuan, and 王俊元. "Rational choice, social capital, and global cooperation in disaster reduction: A Case study on Indian ocean tsunami warning system (IOTWS)." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03778950554695400158.
Full textAbstract:
博士國立政治大學
公共行政研究所
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Writing on the issue of global environmental security, the World Bank has noted that approximately “25 million square kilometers (about 19 percent of the Earth’s land area) and 3.4 billion people (more than half of the world’s population) are relatively highly exposed to at least one hazard.” With the coming of the globalization era, we .also live in a shared risk society. Since global environmental security is seen as a global public good, how to act for global crisis management under the logic of collective action has become a primary subject for global actors. Coping with the crises of SARS or Bird Flu through international cooperation has become a significant issue for these global actors. One of the main dilemmas of international cooperation for disaster reduction is the reconciliation of different individual actions. Interestingly, in spite of two decades efforts of international cooperation, the amount of damage caused by natural disasters and the total number if people affected have gradually increased since the 1960s. This research focuses on two questions in the present research: why do global actors cooperate in disaster reduction, and how does this cooperation operate? The frameworks of international cooperation in disaster reduction, rational choice and global social capital are employed here, to explore the issue of international cooperation. Several factors, such as awareness of risk, capacity, preferences, institutional constraints, information, credible commitment, and trust, are used to examine how an actor engages in decision-making and how cooperation occurs. Because of the tremendous damage that resulted from the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 and the engagement of the global society in disaster recovery and reduction, the above issues will be explored through a case study of the development of the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning System (IOTWS). Twenty-two interviews were conducted in four countries and these constitute the qualitative data for this analysis. 591 questionnaires also have been sent to the participants in the IOTWS to collect the quantitative data. I analyzed the quantitative data from 59 returned questionnaires (10.32% returning rate) and the qualitative data from 22 interviewees in four countries. These analyses resulted in several suggestions to facilitate international cooperation for disaster reduction.