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Journal articles on the topic 'Disciplinary councils'
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HENNESSY, CATHERINE HAGAN, and ALAN WALKER. "Promoting multi-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary ageing research in the United Kingdom." Ageing and Society 31, no. 1 (September 17, 2010): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x1000067x.
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ABSTRACTMulti-disciplinary and inter-disciplinary working has for long been advocated in gerontology, and sometimes contested. Although collaboration between disciplines is common practice in many areas of ageing research, much remains to be done to develop and support such work. Internationally, funding agencies, scientific associations and other stakeholders in ageing research are actively involved in establishing the methods and means to promote cross-disciplinary co-operation in the field. In the United Kingdom (UK) since the late 1990s, the statutory Research Councils with key interests in ageing and older people have been actively pursuing research programmes that feature multi-disciplinarity and inter-disciplinarity. The National Collaboration on Ageing Research (NCAR), a partnership among four of the Research Councils to stimulate cross-disciplinary collaboration, worked with scientists, funding bodies, and research users to develop approaches to multi- and inter-disciplinary research, and their work informed the New Dynamics of Ageing (NDA) Programme, a major cross-Research Council programme of multi-disciplinary research which spans the social, medical, biological and engineering sciences and the arts and humanities. Drawing on the authors' participation in these activities, this article reviews key developments in the promotion of multi-disciplinary science on ageing in the UK and highlights how this is being pursued in the NDA Programme.
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Marshall, Bethan, and Kate Pahl. "Who owns educational research? Disciplinary conundrums and considerations." Qualitative Research Journal 15, no. 4 (November 9, 2015): 472–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrj-04-2015-0030.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the dynamics of submitting arts-based research in a climate that is dominated, in the UK, by the social sciences. Design/methodology/approach – It begins by taking a view on arts-based research, considering mainly Eisner and Dewey but exploring the possibilities of other forms such as baroque research. It goes on to look at some examples of arts-based research that has been carried out, funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council. The authors conclude by saying that interdisciplinary research, while being encouraged by research councils, is also made more difficult by these same research councils’ funding structures. Findings – The authors consider that this has an effect on defining what educational research is and could be. The authors argue that this is important not only in relation to the range of disciplinary perspectives that can be drawn upon within educational settings, for example, the need to engage with disciplines such as English, History, Philosophy, Music and Fine Art, but also in relation to methodological understandings of how research should be conducted within educational settings. Originality/value – The research studies are arts based but with an original educational orientation.
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Solomon, Peter H. "Transparency in the Work of Judicial Councils: The Experience of (East) European Countries." Review of Central and East European Law 43, no. 1 (February 28, 2018): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15730352-04301003.
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In many countries of Europe, including especially its Eastern part, in the 21st century judicial councils have replaced ministries of justice as the bodies that manage judicial careers and govern the judiciary. This model may enhance the autonomy of the judicial branch but also weaken its accountability and lead to judicial corporatism. One way to counter the negative trends is to enhance public accountability of judicial councils, by making the work of councils is open and visible. Not surprisingly, judicial reformers have made transparency into a key criterion for a successful judicial council, leading many countries to promote transparency in their judicial councils. This article evaluates this trend−by (1) providing cases studies of four judicial councils, those of Italy, Poland, Moldova, and Latvia; and (2) comparing the work of empowered judicial councils throughout Europe with regard to the openness of judicial disciplinary hearings and public sessions of judicial councils themselves. On this basis I argue that while legal requirements for transparency are becoming the norm, they do not necessarily make the work of judicial councils open, let alone produce public accountability. This outcome requires as well a genuine commitment of council members and staff to transparency arrangements, the cessation of resistance to such arrangements, and the provision of money and staff to support them.
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Benvenuti, Simone. "The Politics of Judicial Accountability in Italy: Shifting the Balance." European Constitutional Law Review 14, no. 2 (June 2018): 369–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019618000214.
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L'Huillier, Peter. "The Church of the Ancient Councils: The Disciplinary Work of the First Four Ecumenical Councils." Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 8, no. 1 (February 1999): 120–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106385129900800115.
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Tanner, Norman. "The Book of the Councils: Nicaea I to Vatican II." Studies in Church History 38 (2004): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400015692.
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The ecumenical and general councils of the Church have produced arguably the most important documents of Christianity after the Bible. How this ‘book’ of the councils came to be composed is the subject of this paper. In the composition, Christians have had to confront three problems similar to those involved in establishing the book of the Bible. First, which councils are to be considered ecumenical or general, paralleling the question of which books are to be included in the Bible. Secondly, which decrees are to be considered the authentic decrees of a particular council, paralleling the question of which chapters and verses make up a particular book of the Bible. Thirdly, which manuscripts or editions form the best text of a given decree, paralleling the search for the best texts of Scripture. There are, too, the additional issues of establishing some hierarchy in the importance of the councils and their decrees – the great creeds and doctrinal statements outrank, surely, most decrees of a purely disciplinary nature, just as the Gospels have a certain priority within the New Testament or Romans and Galatians outrank in importance the Pastoral Epistles – and secondly the difficulties of translating the original texts into the vernacular languages, alike for the councils as for the Bible. Alongside these similarities between the book of the councils and that of the Bible was the tension between Scripture and Tradition. How far could Tradition, represented cumulatively and retrospectively by the councils, interpret or develop the teaching of Scripture? This tension was never far below the surface, and erupted especially in the Reformation controversies.
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Kosař, David. "Beyond Judicial Councils: Forms, Rationales and Impact of Judicial Self-Governance in Europe." German Law Journal 19, no. 7 (December 1, 2018): 1567–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200023178.
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AbstractA few years ago, judicial councils composed primarily of judges were viewed as a panacea for virtually all problems of court administration in Europe. The burgeoning literature on judicial councils has shown that this is not necessarily the case. This article builds on this literature, but it argues that judicial self-governance is much broader phenomenon than judicial councils and may also take different forms. Therefore, it is high time to look beyond judicial councils and to view judicial self-governance as a much more complex network of actors and bodies with different levels of participation of judges. To that end this article conceptualizes judicial self-governance and identifies crucial actors within the judiciary who may engage in judicial governance (such as judicial councils, judicial appointment commissions, promotion committees, court presidents and disciplinary panels). Subsequently, it shows that both the forms, rationales, and effects of judicial self-governance have varied across Europe. Finally, this article argues that it is necessary to take into account the liquid nature of judicial self-governance and its responsiveness to political, social, and cultural changes. Moreover, the rise of judicial self-governance is not necessarily a panacea, as it may lead to political contestation and the creation of new channels of politicization of the judiciary.
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Obadire, Olufunmilayo Tenidade, and Dzivhonele Albert Sinthumule. "Learner discipline in the post-corporal punishment era: What an experience!" South African Journal of Education 41, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15700/saje.v41n2a1862.
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Learner discipline is one of the bases of effective teaching and learning. If learners are not well disciplined, schools will not provide the best possible education. Therefore, it is important that good disciplinary measures and procedures be put in place in any school. In this article we investigate how learners in schools are currently being disciplined without violating their human rights. The nature and the causes of learners’ disciplinary problems are fundamental. A qualitative data-collection approach was employed in this research. Purposive non-probability sampling was used to select the participants for the study. Experienced educators from school disciplinary committees, Representative Councils of Learners (RCLs) and the school principals of 4 schools were interviewed. We found that the common causes of learners’ disciplinary problems varied from school to school. Furthermore, effective school management was found to be at the heart of learner discipline and the general academic performance of the school. We recommend that parents as first teachers should instill values and morals for their children to distinguish right from wrong.
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Palys, Ted, and John Lowman. "Ethical and Legal Strategies for Protecting Confidential Research Information." Canadian journal of law and society 15, no. 1 (April 2000): 39–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0829320100006190.
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AbstractThe paper begins with an outline of some legal and ethical principles regarding research confidentiality that frame researchers' choices, and then reviews the common law on privilege in Canada and the U.S. to show how researchers can design their research to maximise the legal protection of confidential research information. The paper describes various disciplinary ethics codes and the new federal Tri-Council Policy Statement on ethics to illustrate the principles that should be considered in the unlikely event that a Canadian court orders disclosure of confidential information that could harm a research participant. We conclude by proposing that universities and the three granting councils should campaign for statutory protection of research participants along the lines of the confidentiality certificates that are currently available in the United States for research on sensitive topics such as drug use, criminal activities, sexual behaviour, and genetic information.
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Broadhead, Lee-Anne, and Sean Howard. "The Research Assessment Exercise." education policy analysis archives 6 (April 19, 1998): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v6n8.1998.
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In this article it is argued that the recent Research Assessment Exercise (RAE)--undertaken by the United Kingdom's Higher Education Funding Councils (HEFC)--is part of a much larger process of assessment in education generally. By taking the RAE as its focus, this article uses a Foucaultian analysis to amplify the nature and practice of disciplinary power in the setting of Higher Education. Foucault's notion of an "integrated system" of control and production, with its routine operation of surveillance and assessment--and its dependence on coercion and consent--is directly applied to the RAE. The impact on research and teaching is discussed. The critical response of academics to the exercise has failed to challenge the process in any fundamental way. it is argued here that this failure is a reflection of the degree to which disciplinary logic is embedded in the academic system.
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Lowe, Philip, and Jeremy Phillipson. "Barriers to Research Collaboration across Disciplines: Scientific Paradigms and Institutional Practices." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 41, no. 5 (May 2009): 1171–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a4175.
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In a recent paper in this journal it was suggested that the conventional knowledge practices of disciplines are the fundamental obstacle to mutual understanding between academic experts. Such a position, we argue, underplays the institutional relationships that recreate expert and disciplinary divides. To demonstrate our case we discuss how in the UK the evolving relationship between the government and research councils has crucially altered the context for efforts to stimulate interdisciplinary research. Our analysis highlights the scope for changes in institutional structures and practices that would facilitate broader and more encompassing research into complex sustainability problems.
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Rose, Diana, Sarah Carr, and Peter Beresford. "‘Widening cross-disciplinary research for mental health’: what is missing from the Research Councils UK mental health agenda?" Disability & Society 33, no. 3 (January 20, 2018): 476–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2018.1423907.
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Vityaz, Petr A., and Vyacheslav K. Shcherbin. "The institutional development of International Association of Academies of Sciences: from scientific councils to international scientific-technological consortia." Journal of the Belarusian State University. Sociology, no. 2 (October 3, 2020): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2521-6821-2020-2-4-19.
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The article considers the history of creation of formal and informal institutional structures of International Association of the Academies of sciences (IAAS) the functioning of which is based on the technological chains of cognition that are characteristic of traditional disciplinary science. The differences between the technological chains of cognition and the global value chains that have developed in the global economy are shown. The prospects of combining the chains of these types within the framework of international scientific and technological consortia, which are more consistent with the requirements of modern technoscience, are determined. The conclusion is substantiated that the creation of a number of international scientific-technological consortia on the basis of scientific councils of association will allow IAAS to receive a stable source of its additional financing.
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Gręźlikowski, Janusz. "Czym był dla Kościoła Sobór Trydencki (1545-1563)? : (refleksje w 440-tą rocznicę od zakończenia obrad)." Prawo Kanoniczne 46, no. 3-4 (December 20, 2003): 171–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2003.46.3-4.07.
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In the history of canon law, as well as like in history of many other forms and aspects of ecclesiastical life, Trident Council (1545-1563) was of a great importance. Renovation work initiated by Council, thought as remedy for crisis situation intensified by reformation outbreak, was without any doubts a turning point not only in history of church legislation, but also in the history of Church itself. For hundred and forty years from ending of the conference of Trident Council is an occasion for discerning reflection over the role and importance of votes of that significant and grave event in the history of the Church, which was a great gift of the Spirit presented to the Church in hard times of XVIth century and turning point that started big, needed and salutary reform and renovation of the Church. Trident formed and changed the visage of Catholic Church more than any other ordinary Council except of The Und Vatican Council. The other Councils, despite their significance, influenced only specific areas of Church life, impressing their impact on them. It set a new direction and shape to the whole historical epoch. It was this Council that formed „catholic confession Church”, it gave him an order and shape in doctrinal and disciplinary area. Legal resolutions of the Council had first of all reformative character. Besides passing the resolutions, which had fundamental importance for Church’s work, as residency dictation, ban of benefices accumulation, establishing the clerical seminary, enforcing the obligatory legal form of marriages contracting or reform of religious law, the Council implemented all line of improvements and institutions started by Apostolic Capital.
The great gift of the Spirit, reforms and renovation presented to the Church of the half of XVIth century in resolutions of Trident Council was to release comprehensive trend of assimilation by individual countries, nations, church’s provinces and dioceses the basic decrees and resolution, which were taken by Council’s fathers. Before everything else, situation that the Church winded up in required all that, because Church was from one side menaced by developing reformation, from the other side it was afflicted by crisis of its structures and institutions, collapse of discipline of priesthood and declining religious life. This situation forced to take on changes and reforms programmed by the Tridentinum and which concern widely understood religious renovation referring to priesthood and secular congregation, as well as Church structures themselves. In the same time, the point was both to correct recognition of totality of Council’s reformatory resolutions and to definitely implement them and enforce into life of mentioned church units.
Acceptance of Trident resolutions meant the beginning of reforms on many areas of church and religious life. So no wonder, that efforts of popes from the end of XVIth century and the subsequent centuries were directed to propagate a conviction in Church’s consciousness, that Tridentinum should be recognized as not only the ultimate principle of faith, but also as rule of church discipline. Norms established earlier were integrated, specified and updated by Trident becoming a significant motor of further legislative activity of legislators in the Church. On the Council, foundations for development of modern canon law and its application in the Church were also set. Hereof, taking this all into consideration we can state, that this Council is a beginning of a new epoch for history of canon law. Its resolutions explained and determined dogmatic matters, strengthened organization and discipline in the Church, gave a new impulse to maintain shaken internal cohesion of the Church and created convenient conditions to take up offensive priestly action on wider scale. Thus they had significant impact on four centuries of life, activity and history of the church.
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Fennell, Kate. "Call of duty: an exploration of the factors influencing NHS professionals to report adult protection concerns." Journal of Adult Protection 18, no. 3 (June 13, 2016): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-11-2015-0034.
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Purpose – The Adult Support and Protection (Scotland) Act 2007 places a duty on Councils to investigate the circumstances of adults who, because of a disability, health condition or illness are unable to safeguard themselves from harm. Public partner agencies, including the NHS have a statutory obligation to bring to the attention of the Council those individuals who may be at risk of harm. Health professionals cooperate with adult protection investigations and participate in the development of adult support and protection plans, yet do not appear to be initiating adult protection referrals with the Council. Low reporting by health has also been recognised as a national issue. The purpose of this paper is to explore what promotes and what prohibits the identification and reporting of situations of abuse within the Scottish Legislative Framework. Understanding the decision-making processes of prospective reporters would potentially allow the barriers to be reduced and the supports to be strengthened. Design/methodology/approach – The research strategy is based on a literature review, a web-based survey and semi-structured interviews with health professionals within community learning and community mental health teams. Findings – The findings point to a number of inter-related factors which impinge upon the professional’s confidence to initiate adult protection referrals. Workers must first recognise harm as conduct which needs to be reported and addressed. They need to be familiar with referral procedures and be assured that their concerns will be dealt with appropriately. Health professionals are more likely to report if they are based in an environment which supports honest and open discussion regarding harm, without over-concern about agency reputation or resources. Access to multi-disciplinary consultation and support, particularly in relation to more ambiguous protection situations, was viewed as fundamental to reporting. Originality/value – This small scale study adds to a developing bank of literature providing a Scottish perspective on protecting adults. It offers some insight into reporting decisions from the viewpoint of community health professionals.
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Sawa, Przemysław. "Napięcie między subiektywnym a obiektywnym. Rozpoznanie działania Ducha Świętego w tradycji zachodniej i wschodniej." Studia Teologii Dogmatycznej 6 (2020): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/std.2020.06.08.
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Tension between personal experience and community discernment, a prophesy and Church’s teaching, judgement of conscience and trueness of moral doctrine is still alive. Ultimately, it is all about what in the Church is subjective and what is objective. This reconciled opposition is inscribed in the identity of Christianity. Evangelical testimony of disciples going to Jerusalem after encountering Jesus in Emmaus and theirs confrontation with Peter’s experience demonstrates a model of appropriate route: subjective does not transgress objective, personal it is in tone with ecclesiastical. Despite an agreement among Christians in terms of general direction, a diff erence at level of details between particular traditions is noticed. Without depreciating individual and discerned, Catholic Church invariably supports the necessity to acknowledge The Teaching Office of the Church and the power of bishops within diocese. Of course all faithful take part in carrying and development of the legacy, especially through testimony and creative dialogue. Synods, councils and other bodies serve an example. However they do not cover doctrinal and disciplinary issues. Formation, obedience and spiritual guidance are important at personal level. Recognition of bishop’s authority, adherence to the Tradition and cannons and obedience to spiritual guide (the elder) are key elements of Orthodox tradition. Special attention is given to conciliarity (synodality) on various levels of Church. On the other side, for the post-reformation communities the fundamental and practically the only rule is Sola Scriptura. Bible does not give answer to each particular question and does not describe every form of Holy Spirit’s action therefore different conclusions and options arise in various denominations. Undertaking the process of discernment itself, historical Churches follow more codified path of Church’s discernment such as synods, councils, conferences while evangelical communities accept even more individual approach, recommending of course pastoral prudence and consultations with pastor or elders of the congregation. It is especially necessary among Pentecostal Christians accepting the presence of charismatic gifts, to include prophecy.
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Petukhov, Nikolai, Ekaterina Ryabtseva, Yuri Tuganov, and Vladimir Aulov. "Preventing Corruption in the Judicial System of the Russian Federation: Opportunities for Corruption Connected with the Discretionary Powers of the Court Chairperson." Russian Journal of Criminology 14, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 823–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-4255.2020.14(6).823-833.
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At the present moment, corruption crimes committed by civil service employees not only interfere with the work of public officials endowed with authority, but they also undermine the credibility of state power, the trust and respect of people for state institutions and, primarily, for equitable justice. The article describes the experience of counteracting corruption in the practice of courts and judicial bodies, including the High Qualification Board of Judges, the Councils of Judges of the Russian Federation and of its regions. Adhering to the requirements of international law and taking into consideration the national law systems, the authors based their research on the inter-disciplinary systemic approach, which is necessary for the effective prevention of corruption in the court system. The theoretical results of the research were reflected in determining both the general regularities of combating corruption in the court system and the specific characteristics that take into consideration the structural and functional features of court power and the legal status of public officials. The practical results include suggestions on optimizing the organization of corruption prevention in the court system, the cooperation of courts and judicial bodies with other state bodies and public institutions on counteracting corruption while preserving the independence of the judicial power. The practical conclusions could be used for optimizing the work of courts and judicial bodies connected with the organization and implementation of anti-corruption measures.
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Szuromi, Szabolcs. "St. King Ladislaus and the Council of Szabolcs (1092)." Saeculum Christianum 25 (April 25, 2019): 124–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/sc.2018.25.11.
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The present article examines the council of Szabolcs (1092) on the political, legal and ecclesiastical field. Firstly, the conciliar and canonical disciplinary background in Hungary is explained in order to show in the next part of the paper the importance, proceeding and provisions of the council of Szabolcs. Then, the precise survey of proceeding and provisions of the council is made with analysis of the content of the chapters and their textual correlation. In the conclusion is stressed that the council’s chapters standing close to the Eastern discipline are derived from universal canonical collections, and that the above-mentioned council should be regarded as first step in the longer process of reception of the Gregory VII’s canonical reform.
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Lamy, Jérôme. "Sociology of a disciplinary bifurcation: Bruno Latour and his move from philosophy/theology to sociology in the early 1970s." Social Science Information 60, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018420984053.
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This article analyzes Bruno Latour’s transition from theology to sociology between the late 1960s and the mid-1970s. The study cross-analyzes the philosophical field of the 1970s with the progress of interaction rituals specific to disciplinary integration. By examining his Master’s degree in philosophy and a lecture carried out during his thesis, plus the report of his stay in Ivory Coast, it is possible to identify several stages of a disciplinary bifurcation. First anchored to the metaphysical sector of the philosophical field, Latour – like his masters André Malet, Jean Brun and Claude Bruaire – tried to dissolve the boundary between philosophy and theology. Nourished with Rudolf Bultmann’s hermeneutics – which generates a particularly powerful emotional energy –, the young philosopher drew from the new theological resources provided by Vatican II Council the instruments for a conversion to sociology. Before that, following in the Council’s focus on prayer as the very core of the practice of believers, he had tried to turn prayer into an adequate mode of litany for analyzing texts. He then drew on the post-colonial opening of Vatican II to engage in the field of sociology, the Council having exhausted classical metaphysical questions. His discovery of the effects of colonial domination also played a fundamental role in mobilizing once again some emotional energy. Latour’s disciplinary reclassification just before beginning his laboratory ethnography in California is based on a reassessment of the epistemological possibilities born from the theological innovations of Vatican II.
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Bland, B. "Singapore to speed up medical council's disciplinary procedures." BMJ 338, jan21 1 (January 21, 2009): b226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b226.
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C., Beauty, and Thomas K.T. "Disciplinary Procedures, Employee Punctuality and Employee Performance at Ndola City Council (Zambia)." African Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Research 4, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajsshr-lafoqgop.
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The purpose of the research was to assess the effect of disciplinary procedures on employee punctuality and performance at Ndola City Council. The research questions were: What is the relationship between disciplinary procedures, employee punctuality and performance? How have the institution’s disciplinary procedures influenced employees on their punctuality? In what ways have the institution’s disciplinary procedures influence employees’ performance? Four hypotheses, i.e., disciplinary procedures positively affect employee performance; disciplinary procedures positively affect employee punctuality; employee punctuality positively affects employee performance; disciplinary procedures and employee performance was moderated by employee punctuality were tested. The hypothesis, disciplinary procedures positively affect employee performance was supported. It was concluded that factors including organizational culture, public institutional entity, and delayed payment of employees’ motivational remunerations could possibly affect employee performance, hence punctuality not being a moderator. The main recommendation was that management should review issues related to organizational culture in relation to punctuality to improve performance.
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Fakurdinova, A. G. "Practical Activities of the Disciplinary Comrades’ Court under District Trade Union of Railways No. 11 at the Moscow-Bryanskaya Station through the Archival Materials." Pravo istoriya i sovremennost, no. 2(15) (2021): 029–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17277/pravo.2021.02.pp.029-034.
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Using the example of the disciplinary comrades’ court at the district trade union of railway workers No. 11 of the Moscow-Bryanskaya station, the practical law enforcement activity and the legal basis for the activities of the comrades’ court are considered; the personnel of the court and the punishments applied by it are established. The legal basis for the activities of a comrades’ court in early Soviet times is the decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of 11/14/1919 “On workers’ disciplinary comrades’ courts (Regulation)”, the decree of the Council of People’s Commissars of the RSFSR of 04/05/1921 “Regulations on disciplinary comrades’ courts”. The specificity of the cases examined by the considered court is considered. The most indicative cases considered by the disciplinary comrades’ court under the district trade union of railway workers No. 11 of the Moscow-Bryanskaya station have been identified.
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Fastiggi, Robert. "The Contributions of the Council of Trent to the Catholic Reformation." Perichoresis 18, no. 6 (December 1, 2020): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/perc-2020-0032.
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AbstractThis article begins by examining what is meant by the Catholic Reformation and how it relates to the other frequently used term, Counter–Reformation. It then discusses the different ways Catholics and Protestants in the early 16th century understood ecclesial reform. Next there is a consideration of the call for a general or ecumenical council to resolve the differences between the Catholics and Protestant reformers; the reasons for the delay of the council; and the reasons why the Protestants did not participate. The article then provides a summary of the three main periods of the Council of Trent: 1545–1547; 1551–1552; and 1562–1563 along with the 1547–1549 Bologna period. This is followed by a detailed overview of the reforms of the council, which were both doctrinal and disciplinary. The article shows that, while abuses related to various Catholic practices and the sacraments were addressed, the main concerns in the various disciplinary decrees related to clerical corruption and immorality. The article addresses the need for bishops to reside in their dioceses; stop clerical corruption, greed, and nepotism; and establish seminaries for the proper formation of priests. After the review of the disciplinary reform decrees, attention is given to the Catechism of the Council of Trent that served as a resource for parish priests in their instruction of the faithful. The final section considers viewpoints of different historians regarding the effect of the Council of Trent on reform within the Catholic Church.
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Roele, I. "Disciplinary Power and the UN Security Council Counter Terrorism Committee." Journal of Conflict and Security Law 19, no. 1 (August 13, 2013): 49–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krt018.
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Clair, Scott, Wei Teng, Tom Stopka, Jianghong Li, and Hassan Saleheen. "Living in an Inverted World: Experiences of Non-Anthropologists in an Anthropologically Driven Research Center." Practicing Anthropology 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.25.3.60452405008q588k.
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Every organization possesses a specific organizational culture and history, including university-based and freestanding research centers. In most research centers organizational culture is guided by a particular disciplinary emphasis (for a fuller discussion of the organizational culture of the Hispanic Health Council, see Singer 1990). When anthropologists are employed at health research centers, as they have been in growing numbers in recent years (Hahn 1999), they usually constitute a minority group functioning under the sway of another discipline's (e.g., psychology, epidemiology) worldview, methods, traditions and institutional control (e.g., Price, 1992). By contrast, anthropologists co-founded the Hispanic Health Council (in collaboration with community health activists) and the Director of the Hispanic Health Council's (HHC) Center for Health Research. The primary research arm of the organization, has, except for a brief period early in the organization's history, always been an anthropologist. Moreover, anthropologists have constituted the majority of researchers at the HHC over the last two and a half decades. However, in recent years, while anthropology remains the dominant discipline at the HHC, the research program is increasingly multidisciplinary. What has the experience been like for psychologists and other non-anthropological public health professionals at the HHC who inhabit this "inverted world"?
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Urbaniak, Monika. "Najwyższa Rada Sądownictwa we Włoszech." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 119 (January 20, 2020): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.119.21.
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HIGH COUNCIL OF THE JUDICIARY IN ITALYThe High Council for the Judiciary in Italy Consiglio Superiore della Magistratura is a constitutional organ, autonomous and independent of all other powers. It stands as a guardian of the independence of the judiciary and judges. The primary objective of the Council is to guarantee the autonomy and independence of ordinary magistrates, especially towards the executive power and the Minister of Justice. The Council also has jurisdiction for employment, assignments and transfers, promotions and disciplinary measures of judges.
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Badylo, Yulia M. "Disciplinary Authorities of Chambers of Lawyers as Subjects of Protection of Professional Rights of Attorneys." Advocate’s practice 2 (April 1, 2021): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1999-4826-2021-2-10-12.
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The article reveals the role of the Qualification Commission and the Council of the Bar Chamber of the subject of the Russian Federation in the protection of the professional rights of the lawyer in carrying out disciplinary proceedings against him. In particular, the author singles out procedural and substantial ways of defense lawyers’ rights protection by disciplinary bodies of the chamber, the analysis of corresponding norms of the Code of Professional Ethics of Lawyers.
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Dyjak, Daniel. "Najwyższa Rada Korpusu Urzędników Sądowych we Francji." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 119 (January 20, 2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.119.5.
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HIGH COUNCIL OF THE JUDICIARY IN FRANCEThe article elaborates the political position of the High Council of the Judiciary in France, as well as the number of changes that this body has undergone as a result of several amendments to the Constitution of the Fifth Republic. The High Council, established initially as a body subordinate to the executive, evolves over time towards greater independence. This results from the increasing representation of judges and prosecutors in the structure of the High Council, strengthening of its competences in the process of appointing judges, and expanding the powers related to disciplinary matters. Nevertheless, this process has not ended yet, as further changes are planned to enhance the emancipation of the High Council.
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Eckhardt, Krzysztof. "Najwyższa Rada Sprawiedliwości Ukrainy." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 119 (January 20, 2020): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.119.16.
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UKRAINE — SUPREME COUNCIL OF JUSTICEIn 2016, the Constitution of Ukraine was amended in the area of the judiciary. This amendment contained a thorough reorganisation of the body competent in matters related to disciplinary proceedings against judges and entitled to submit candidates for judges to the President. This amendment implemented most of the recommendations formulated by the institutions of the Council of Europe regarding the composition and operating principles of this body. The study presents the genesis, composition, competences, principles and practice of the functioning of the Supreme Council of Justice in Ukraine.
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Ahearn, Mary C. "Why Economists Should Talk to Scientists and What They Should Ask: Discussion." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 29, no. 1 (July 1997): 113–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800007604.
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Although interest in cross-disciplinary research is not new, expressions of the importance of collaboration are increasing. A focus on agricultural sustainability issues, which explicitly recognizes the links among agricultural production activities, the environment, and communities, is an example of this interest. Among agricultural economists, a 1996 Council on Food, Agriculture, and Resource Economics (C-FARE) survey regarding professional priorities indicated that the profession overwhelmingly (92%) believes there is a need for more cross-disciplinary collaboration. This view is common across all sciences (physical and social), and not limited to the agricultural sciences.
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Seroka, Dominik. "Disciplinary Liability of Members of Collective Bodies of the Self-Government of Legal Advisers." Przegląd Prawa Administracyjnego 3 (September 5, 2021): 161–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/ppa.2020.3.161-187.
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The subject of this study is to examine the possibility of holding members of the collective bodies of the self-government of the National Bar of Attorneys-at-Law to disciplinary action for decisions made by the body on which they sit. The key question that can be asked in this respect is: Can an attorney-at-law who is a member of the Bar Association of Attorneys-at-Law or the National Bar Council of Attorneys-at-Law be held liable in disciplinary action with a decision made in a collegial manner by an authority in whose structures is a member?
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Ortega, José Luis. "Disciplinary differences in the use of academic social networking sites." Online Information Review 39, no. 4 (August 10, 2015): 520–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-03-2015-0093.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to detect and describe disciplinary differences in the users and use of several social networking sites by scientists. Design/methodology/approach – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) (Spanish National Research Council) researchers registered in the most currently relevant academic social network sites (Google Scholar Citations, Academia.edu, ResearchGate (RG) and Mendeley) were analysed. In total, 6,132 profiles were classified according the eight research areas of the CSIC. Findings – Results show that Academia.edu is massively populated by humanists and social scientists, while RG is popular among biologists. Disciplinary differences are observed across every platform. Thus, scientists from the humanities and social sciences and natural resources show a significant activity contacting other members. On the contrary, biologists are more passive using social tools. Originality/value – This is the first study that analyses the disciplinary performance of a same sample of researchers on a varied number of academic social sites, comparing their numbers across web sites.
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Kostkina, Yu. "Peculiarities of exercise by the High Council of Justice of powers of temporary suspension of judges from justice." Herald of criminal justice, no. 4 (2019): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-5372.2019.4/115-122.
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Judicial reform was intended to strengthen the safeguards of judges and to ensure the independence of the judiciary as a whole. In order to achieve these goals, the legislature, in the framework of judicial reform, has reorganized the old High Council of Justice and created on its basis a new body. These changes were positively estimated not only by domestic scientists and practitioners, but also by the international community. The newly created body is authorized with a wide range of powers, designed to ensure the proper administration of justice, to protect judges and their independence, and to form a virtuous and highly professional corps of judges in Ukraine. Goal of article. In connection with the fact that the competence of the High Council of Justice, the successor to the judiciary, the specified group of powers did not included, arose the need for their research and determine the peculiarities of their implementation. In particular, the powers of the new High Council of Justice include the decision-making authority on temporary suspension of judges from justice in connection with criminal prosecution, during a qualification assessment, and in the order of disciplinary action. The author investigates the peculiarities of a temporary suspension of judges from justice in connection with criminal prosecution, and analyzes the Supreme Court's practice regarding the procedure for extending such temporary suspension. In addition, the article deals with the procedure for temporarily suspension of judges from justice for the period of qualification assessment of a judge, which is carried out by the Qualification Commission of Judges of Ukraine. Finally, the peculiarities of the legal regulation of the procedure for temporarily suspension of judges from justice, which is applied to a judge as a disciplinary sanction in the framework of disciplinary proceedings, are analyzed, deficiencies and gaps of the current legislative regulation are identified, and appropriate changes are proposed. Based on the needs of law enforcement activities, the author of the article The of substantiated the necessity of concretization of the obligation of a high Council of justice to determine the course of professional development, which must pass the judge during the suspension, That will ensure the delimitation of its powers with the competence of the High Qualifications Commission of judges.
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Cumberlidge, Jane. "The Visual Research Centre at Dundee Contemporary Arts." Art Libraries Journal 28, no. 3 (2003): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307472200013249.
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Dundee Contemporary Arts was created through a partnership between Dundee City Council, Dundee Contemporary Arts Ltd and the University of Dundee. Its unique building gives the University of Dundee’s Visual Research Centre scope for multi-disciplinary research, events and exhibitions, an archive and an artist books collection. But Gaelic culture, environmental issues and a library – just what, exactly, is the VRC all about?
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Erakat, Noura. "Taking the Land without the People: The 1967 Story as Told by the Law." Journal of Palestine Studies 47, no. 1 (2017): 18–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jps.2017.47.1.18.
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This paper seeks to show how Israel has deployed Occupation Law in strategic ways to incrementally take the land of Palestine without its people. It argues that Israel has used UN Security Council Resolution 242 to retroactively legitimate those colonial takings in a political framework shaped by U.S. intervention. In themselves, the constituent pieces of the argument are not new and they have been extensively discussed in legal, political science, and historical literature. Rather than consider them as the sum of their parts, this paper attempts to view the issues that have been kept distinct and separate within disciplinary silos as a mutually-reinforcing whole, demonstrating that the United States' political position made an otherwise bankrupt legal argument effective and showing how the Security Council's deliberations gave Israel ample room for maneuver in spite of the drafting parties' original intent. In examining the relationship between law and political power, the article points to the ways in which the balance of power bears upon the meaning and significance of law in international conflict. Thus, the failure of Occupation Law to regulate the occupation of the Palestinian Territories ultimately reflects the outcome of a political, not a legal, contest: Israel's legal argumentation that the territories are merely under its administration would have no value were it not for the power politics that shape international relations in the region.
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Murano, Tiffany, Michal Gajewski, Michael Anana, Machteld Hillen, Anastasia Kunac, Daniel Matassa, Lisa Pompeo, and Neil Kothari. "Mandated State Medical Licensing Board Disclosures Regarding Resident Performance." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2019): 307–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-18-00970.1.
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ABSTRACT Background State medical licensing boards ask program directors (PDs) to complete verification of training (VOT) forms for licensure. While residency programs use Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education core competencies, there is no uniform process or set of metrics that licensing boards use to ascertain if academic competency was achieved. Objective We determined the performance metrics PDs are required to disclose on state licensing VOT forms. Methods VOT forms for allopathic medical licensing boards for all 50 states, Washington, DC, and 5 US territories were obtained via online search and reviewed. Questions were categorized by disciplinary action (investigated, disciplined, placed on probation, expelled, terminated); documents placed on file; resident actions (leave of absence, request for transfer, unexcused absences); and non-disciplinary actions (remediation, partial or no credit, non-renewal, non-promotion, extra training required). Three individuals reviewed all forms independently, compared results, and jointly resolved discrepancies. A fourth independent reviewer confirmed all results. Results Most states and territories (45 of 56) accept the Federation Credentials Verification Service (FCVS), but 33 states have their own VOT forms. Ten states require FCVS use. Most states ask questions regarding probation (43), disciplinary action (41), and investigation (37). Thirty-four states and territories ask about documents placed on file, 36 ask about resident actions, and 7 ask about non-disciplinary actions. Eight states' VOT forms ask no questions regarding resident performance. Conclusions Among the states and territories, there is great variability in VOT forms required for allopathic physicians. These forms focus on disciplinary actions and do not ask questions PDs use to assess resident performance.
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Khumalo, Bongani. "Procedural unfairness occasioned by unreasonable delay in finalising a disciplinary inquiry: Stokwe v Member of the Executive Council: Department of Education, Eastern Cape [2018] ZACC 3." Obiter 41, no. 3 (January 1, 2021): 651–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/obiter.v41i3.9588.
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“Justice delayed is justice denied” is a legal maxim which denotes that if legal redress is available to a party that has suffered, or is suffering an injustice but is not dispensed timeously, it has the same effect as having no redress at all (see Steenkamp J sentiments in Road Accident Fund v Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration [2016] ZALCJHB 139 par 5; see also the definition at Definitions and Translations https://www.definitions.net/definition/justice+delayed+is+justice+denied (accessed 2019-09-12)). In this context, the maxim is used to emphasise that delays in finalising employment disciplinary processes may amount to a denial of justice. Research shows that unreasonable delays in finalising disciplinary cases affect the health and can even cause excruciating distress on the employees concerned (Van der Bank, Engelbrecht and Strumpher “Perceived Fairness of Disciplinary Procedures in the Public Service Sector: An Exploratory Study: Empirical Research” 2008 6(2) SA Journal of Human Resource Management 8).
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Lavorgna, Anita, Stuart E. Middleton, Brian Pickering, and Geoff Neumann. "FloraGuard: Tackling the Online Illegal Trade in Endangered Plants Through a Cross-Disciplinary ICT-Enabled Methodology." Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 36, no. 3 (March 20, 2020): 428–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986220910297.
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This article presents a part of the ongoing Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded project “FloraGuard: Tackling the illegal trade in endangered plants” that relies on cross-disciplinary approaches to analyze online marketplaces for the illegal trade in endangered plants, and explores strategies to develop digital resources to assist law enforcement in countering and disrupting this criminal market. This contribution focuses on how the project brought together computer science, criminology, conservation science, and law enforcement expertise to create a tool for the automatic gathering of relevant online information to be used for research, intelligence, and investigative purposes. The article also discusses the ethical standards applied and proposes the concept of “artificial intelligence (AI) review” to provide a sociotechnical solution that builds trustworthiness in the AI approaches used for this type of cross-disciplinary information and communications technology (ICT)-enabled methodology.
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Tait, E. J. "Research Policy and Review 14. Environmental Issues and the Social Sciences." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 4 (April 1987): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a190437.
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The important contribution of the social sciences to research on a wide range of environmental issues is increasingly being recognised, and a major programme of the Economic and Social Research Council is focusing particularly on aspects of risk, rural land use, environmental economics, and energy conservation. The programme emphasises a cross-disciplinary approach to research and some of the reasons for this are discussed in this paper, and also the difficulties of putting it into practice.
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Maldonado-Fuentes, Ana Carolina, and Francisco Enrique Rodríguez-Alveal. "Innovación en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje: Un estudio de casos con la enseñanza justo a tiempo y la instrucción entre pares." Revista Electrónica Educare 20, no. 2 (May 1, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/ree.20-2.14.
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Learning quality constitutes one of the main challenges faced by Higher Education, thus a student centered teaching and the development of educational innovations that use active methodologies have been promoted. This article aims to evaluate the impact of using Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction on the results of teaching a subject, of disciplinary character, in 17 students of a career on an initial teacher training belonging to Chile’s Council of Rectors. A pre and postest model was applied between August and December 2012. The analysis used descriptive techniques that allowed the characterization of the admission profile and inferentials to explain, statistically, the observed differences in the performance of the subjects. In terms of perception, a positive assessment of the relationship between students and the teacher in the classroom was observed, this stood out above the improvement in the handling of disciplinary content.
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Smirnova, Ekaterina A. "Disciplinary system of higher education of the capital in the early 20th century: the establishment and activities of the professorial court." Historia provinciae – the journal of regional history 5, no. 1 (2021): 106–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23859/2587-8344-2021-5-1-3.
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The article considers government measures to establish professorial disciplinary court at higher education institutions of the capital (the court conducted its work from August 27, 1902 to February 22, 1917), the work of the commission on the development of regulations for this body, and the main normative legal acts to implement it. The article examines the issues of the activity of the professorial disciplinary court and the relationship between the participants of this disciplinary system: students, professors, and the authorities. The students who appeared before the professorial disciplinary court were accused of violation of the norms of administrative law of their educational institution, and in accordance with the university charter and the rules of the university, they had to abide by the decision of the court. Professors were in the same position of dependence: membership in the Council of the educational institution obliged them to assume the role of judges. The article explains why the professorial courts did not have the opportunity to become an autonomous body, why the professors themselves did not want to take on the responsibility of judges, and whether all students were hostile to their work. Analyzing the cases of violations which were considered at that time and concerned the rules and order at a university, the author comes to the conclusion that it was not possible to ensure order and create conditions for the restoration of the proper course of academic life by introducing the system of university disciplinary proceedings. The compromise between the authorities and the students, which should have been facilitated by the existence of the professorial court, was not reached. Resistance from students and professors forced the Ministry of Public Education to reconsider the need for the existence of professorial courts and exclude them from the draft of the new university charter.
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Clarke, Kevin, Jack Flanagan, and Sharron O'Neill. "Success in winning Australian Research Council grants as a measure of comparative professionalised disciplinary research activity." Pacific Accounting Review 24, no. 1 (April 20, 2012): 51–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01140581211221551.
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De Vos Malan, Jacques. "INVITED EDITORIAL Transdisciplinary Research Management: the Case For Specialised Skills." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 25 (September 30, 2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n25p1.
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An increasing proportion of research projects are interdisciplinary or even trans-disciplinary in nature, particularly in the case of research directed at addressing the ‘wicked’ problems that arise in public policy-making. Transdisciplinary work is complex, contestable, often culture-specific and messy. In these projects, the role of the research project manager, as facilitator and intermediary, often becomes crucial. An experienced transdisciplinary project manager will play an important function as a member of the leadership group, bridging and translating between the various disciplinary stakeholders, holding together the conceptual and practical elements of the project. This paper examines four of the specialised skills required of transdisciplinary project managers: the capacity for rigorous scoping; the development of a collaborative culture; familiarity with serious and pervasive ambiguity; and a clear understanding of target audiences. The findings draw on practical experience gained by the Australian Council of Learned Academies (ACOLA) research management team, through the delivery of the program Securing Australia’s Future, between 2012 and 2016.
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El Kaddouri, Hamza, and Modar Ajeeb. "The introduction of legal audit within French universities: The impact on the managerial latitude of managers." Corporate Governance and Sustainability Review 5, no. 2 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cgsrv5i2p3.
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The adoption of the Law relative to the Liberties and Responsibilities of Universities (LRU) in 2007 has sought to “modernize” the governance system of French universities. Article 18 of this Law stipulated “the accounts of the university are subject to an annual audit by a legal auditor” (Law no. 2007–1199 of 10 August 2007). This paper explores management teams’ perceptions of the role of legal audit in the governance system of French universities and its impact on the managerial latitude of university managers. Based on twenty-five interviews carried out with members of the management teams in three universities, the results of this study are threefold. Firstly, legal audit plays a disciplinary role by reducing the information asymmetry and cognitive conflicts between university managers and the stakeholders involved in governance particularly the financial supervisory authorities and the accounting agency. Secondly, the audit report is used by university managers to reinforce the legitimacy and the objectivity of their decisions, in the face of internal and external political pressure coming mainly from the university council, faculties, and the supervisory authorities. Thirdly, legal audit plays a complementary role to the governance system in place, including the controls of the accounting agency, the Council, and the Rectorate. Therefore, the results of this research are part of an integrated governance approach (Wirtz, 2006) which is characterized by the complementarity between the disciplinary and cognitive dimensions (Williamson, 1991; Charreaux, 1997)
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Skrynkovskyy, Ruslan, Myroslav Kovaliv, Andriy Pryveda, Mariana Khmyz, Sviatoslav Kniaz, and Dmytro Pavlov. "Features of Development of Professional Self-Government in the System of Prosecution, Judiciary and the Bar of Ukraine." Path of Science 7, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 1049–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.71-8.
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Based on a comparative analysis of the sectoral legislation of Ukraine and the practice of its application, the article studies the features of the development of professional self-government in the system of prosecutors, judicial authorities and the bar. It has been found out that prosecutorial self-government in Ukraine is conducted through the Council of Prosecutors of Ukraine (the highest body of prosecutorial self-government in the period between all-Ukrainian conferences of prosecutors) and the all-Ukrainian conference of prosecutors (the highest body of judicial self-government). It has been determined that prosecutorial self-government is a collective independent decision of prosecutors on issues related to the activities of prosecutorial bodies. It has been established that the system of bar self-government bodies in Ukraine is formed by: 1) the Congress of advocates of Ukraine; 2) the Bar Council of Ukraine; 3) the Supreme Qualification and Disciplinary Commission of Advocacy; 4) the Supreme Audit Commission of the Bar; 5) the Regional Conference of Advocates; 6) the Council of Advocates of the region; 7) the Qualification and Disciplinary Commission; 8) the Audit Commission of the region. It has been found that the bodies of judicial self-government in Ukraine are: 1) a meeting of judges, which is a gathering of judges belonging to the corresponding court aimed at discussing the internal activities of such a court and making appropriate collective decisions based on the discussion of such issues; 2) the Council of Judges of Ukraine (the highest body of judicial self-government, which also functions as the executive body of the Congress of Judges of Ukraine); 3) the Congress of Judges of Ukraine (the body that makes decisions that are binding on all bodies of judicial self-government and all courts in Ukraine). It is noted that the prospects for further research in this area are to determine the role of the judiciary in the constitutional and legal mechanism for the protection of human rights and freedoms and to study the requirements for incompatibility of a judge, prosecutor and lawyer with other activities in the context of comparative constitutional law.
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Gręźlikowski, Janusz. "Przygotowanie kandydatów do kapłaństwa w diecezji włocławskiej w świetle potrydenckich synodów diecezjalnych." Prawo Kanoniczne 45, no. 1-2 (June 15, 2002): 251–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.2002.45.1-2.06.
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Amongst many legal and disciplinary warrants and orders of Trident Council (1545-1563) which undertook energetic action to reform and revival of the church, there was a Cum adolescentium aetas decreefound, accepted on May 8th 1563, orduring to the bishops to create theological seminaries. This decree also changed the from of preparation of candidates for priesthood. Implementation into being and realization of Council’s resolutions, including the decree for theological seminaries, was depended in big extent from personal involvement of the bishops. The most effective tool for realization of Tridentinum resolutions by the bishops in individual dioceses were Diocesan Synods, pointed anyway by the Council itself as important factors of the reform. Trident reform, within the range of priests preparation for priesthood in Włocławek Diocese, found favorable conditions and resulted already in 1568 with foundation, and in 1569 with erection of diocesan seminary in Włocławek by bishop Stanislaw Karnkowski, later the primate. This seminary went through different difficulties and not always was able to fully fulfil its function. However thanks to efforts and care of Stanislaw Karnkowski’s successors, especially bishop Paweł Wolucki and Maciej Lubieński as well as the chapter, this seminary prepared candidates for priesthood according to Tridentinum spirit. Also the other seminary, called Schothand or Gdańsk seminary was to serve for that purpose, and this seminary was designated to educate candidates for holy orders inpart of Pomerania diocese, and those ones who contributes the most to this idea were bishops Hieronim Rozrażewski and Paweł Wolucki. Formation of the candidates for holy orders was outhined mainly by the following synods: Stanislaw Karnkowski’s from 1568, Wojciech Baranowski’s from 1607, Paweł Wolucki’s from 1620, Andrzej Lipski’s from 1622 and 1628 and Maciej Lubieński from 1634 and 1641. These synods, according to spirit of Trident decree, determined detailed requiremants set for aspirants for priesthood as well as they determinal wurse of the formation leading to priesthood. Big credit should be granted to initiative of bishops: Karnkowski, Baranowski and Wolucki in reference to field of awaking and shaping the priest vocation. All three men mentioned above displayed their understanding not only to dispositions and orders of Trident Council but also to real needs of the diocese. Through synod legislators who made legal regulations, the big care and concern appeared that the diocese would get well prepared and to same extent versatile formed priests for priest’s service.
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Furuya, Takashi, and Naoshi Hirata. "Interdisciplinary and Industry-Academia Collaboration Research for Enhancing Social Resilience to Natural Disasters in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area –DEKATSU Activity–." Journal of Disaster Research 16, no. 4 (June 1, 2021): 676–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2021.p0676.
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In 2007, we initiated a 5-year-research project named the “Tokyo Metropolitan Resilience Project.” This project is intended to improve the resilience to natural disasters, particularly earthquakes, in the Tokyo metropolitan area. For this purpose, we have organized multi-disciplinary research including social sciences, natural sciences such as seismology, and civil engineering, with a focus on earthquake engineering. In addition, we facilitate mutual communication between industry and academia. We established the “Data Use and Application Council for Resilience” (Japanese abbreviation: DEKATSU) to organize private and public stakeholders. The DEKATSU council consists of four sectors: industry, government, NPO/NGOs, and academia. The policy promoted to the participating organizations is “When we make organizations resilient, the Tokyo metropolitan area also becomes resilient.” To date, 67 organizational members and 13 personal members have joined, and the targeted idea is becoming accepted but not fully implemented in society.
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Shamsi-Gooshki, Ehsan, Alireza Parsapoor, Fariba Asghari, Mojtaba Parsa, Yasaman Saeedinejad, Saeed Byroudian, Mohsen Fadavi, et al. "Developing "Code of Ethics for Medical Professionals, Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran"." Archives of Iranian Medicine 23, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 658–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/aim.2020.83.
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Background: The medical profession has always been an inspiration for human societies throughout its diverse history. This position and historical authority in the field of ethics has had a different and higher status, in such a way that many of the norms of general ethics and professional ethics, especially principles, such as trust, confidentiality and respect for human dignity, have been developed by medical professionals. Developing guidelines of general and professional ethics is one of the inherent duties of the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRIMC) as a professional organization. In this regard, the Supreme Council of IRIMC has approved the "Code of Ethics for Medical Professionals" and, in accordance with its legal authority, has annexed it to the disciplinary regulations of IRIMC. Methods: A draft document, the result of extensive literature review, was discussed in 27 expert panel meetings and after receiving and endorsing the stakeholders’ point of view, was approved by the IRIMC Supreme Council. Results: The first edition of "Code of Ethics for Medical Professionals, Medical Council of Islamic Republic of Iran" was developed on July 6, 2017 by the Supreme Council of IRIMC. The guideline was set to take effect one year after its enactment. The first edition was revised and completed and final edition was adopted on August 9, 2018 by IRIMC in 13 chapters and 140 articles (original full text is available in the Supplementary file 1). Conclusion: According to the approved decision by the Supreme Council of IRIMC on May 10, 2018, the final edition takes effect as of October 7, 2018.
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Nandeke, Erick, Sammy K. Chumba, and Catherine Kiprop. "Rethinking of Public Secondary Schools Discipline in Kenya." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 19 (July 31, 2017): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n19p156.
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Student Council is a representative structure through which students in a secondary school become involved in school affairs. The study set out to investigate student council participation in the management of discipline in public secondary schools in Teso North Sub-County in Busia County, Kenya. The study sought to establish: the influence of student council participation in the formulation of rules and regulations on management of discipline, and the influence of student council involvement in formulating punishment on the management of discipline. The target population was 7379 students and 189 teachers and 27 principals from 27 schools. The research employed descriptive survey design using a random sample of 365 students, 18 teachers and 9 principals. This sample size was determined using Krejcie and Morgan’s table of sample determination and using coefficient variation of 30% and a standard error of 2% through stratified simple random sampling technique. The data was collected using a selfadministered questionnaire. The study established that schools involved students in designing punishment but students never took punishment positively and that common disciplinary problems experienced in schools was due to lack of students involvement. It was further established that students were haphazardly involved in the school management of students’ discipline. Thus the study recommends schools to empower students’ council in which students’ views and ideas are heard and discussed; Ministry of education to organize and offer seminars where school heads are well sensitized on involving students in school management.
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Joanna Misztal-Konecka. "Wytknięcie rażącej obrazy przepisów w ustawie z dnia 22 marca 2018 roku o komornikach sądowych/Reproach for a flagrant violation of the law in the Act of 22 March 2018 on Court Bailiffs." Forum Prawnicze 1, no. 51 (October 10, 2019): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.32082/fp.v1i51.59.
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The Act of 22 March 2018 on Court Bailiffs introduced to the system provisions regulating the profession of court bailiffs the institution of reproach for a flagrant violation of the law. This institution derives from the Law on the Organization of Common Courts, but the lawmaker opted for extensive modifications in comparison to the original source: the ground for issuing a reproach is a flagrant violation of the law by the bailiff, and the only competent authority to issue it is the district court. Even though the imposition of this sanction affects, among other things, eligibility to serve as a bailiff-inspector or member of a disciplinary board, has to be disclosed on the roll of bailiffs kept by the National Bailiff Council, is binding in disciplinary proceedings and affects the severity of the penalty imposed in them, the affected bailiff has no legal recourse to challenge the reproach. The opportunity to present the district court with an explanation can hardly be regarded as a sufficient remedy to deal with an unfounded reproach.