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Journal articles on the topic 'Discounting Techniques'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Maas, William, Kevin Bahr, and Sean Carey. "Maximizing IRA Returns Using FLP/LLC Discounting Techniques." Journal of Finance Issues 8, no. 2 (2010): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v8i2.2333.

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The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential investment benefits of holding real estate inside an IRA and utilizing Family Limited Partnership (FLP) or family Limited Liability Company (LLC) discounting techniques. Statutory authority, administrative authority, and judicial authority was researched to support the conclusion that an IRA may own real estate and the Individual Retirement Account (IRA) value may be discounted for tax and minimum required distribution (MRD) purposes by using properly structured techniques.

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Artikis, T., D. Jerwood, and A. Voudouri. "Analytical and simulation techniques for discounting binomial random sums." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 16, no. 3 (1992): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(92)90045-m.

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Chávez, Melisa E., Elena Villalobos, José L. Baroja, and Arturo Bouzas. "Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of intertemporal choice." Judgment and Decision Making 12, no. 1 (2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500005210.

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AbstractThere is a growing interest in studying individual differences in choices that involve trading off reward amount and delay to delivery because such choices have been linked to involvement in risky behaviors, such as substance abuse. The most ubiquitous proposal in psychology is to model these choices assuming delayed rewards lose value following a hyperbolic function, which has one free parameter, named discounting rate. Consequently, a fundamental issue is the estimation of this parameter. The traditional approach estimates each individual’s discounting rate separately, which discards

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Naudé, Gideon P., Sean B. Dolan, Justin C. Strickland, Meredith S. Berry, David J. Cox, and Matthew W. Johnson. "The Influence of Episodic Future Thinking and Graphic Warning Labels on Delay Discounting and Cigarette Demand." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (2021): 12637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312637.

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Delay discounting and operant demand are two behavioral economic constructs that tend to covary, by degree, with cigarette smoking status. Given historically robust associations between adverse health outcomes of smoking, a strong preference for immediate reinforcement (measured with delay discounting), and excessive motivation to smoke cigarettes (measured with operant demand), researchers have made numerous attempts to attenuate the extent to which behaviors corresponding to these constructs acutely appear in smokers. One approach is episodic future thinking, which can reportedly increase th

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H., R. Ganesha, S. Aithal P., and Kirubadevi P. "Short-Term Discounting Frameworks: Insights from Multiple Experiments." International Journal of Case Studies in Business, IT, and Education (IJCSBE) 4, no. 1 (2020): 8–23. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3762872.

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Ever since the online retailing format has emerged in India, consumers now have wider options available for them to buy a product at a discounted price and notably, as online stores in India are following the product discounting as one of the key drivers for consumer acquisition, consumers’ perspective towards discount at brick-and-mortar store has changed. This change in consumers’ perspective has put the majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India into a quandary and they are losing out their market share slowly to online retailers. In this research which is based on recommen

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H., R. Ganesha, S. Aithal P., and Kirubadevi P. "Long-Term Discounting Frameworks: Insights from Multiple Experiments." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 5, no. 1 (2020): 84–100. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3762939.

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Ever since the online retailing format has emerged in India, consumers now have wider options available for them to buy a product at a discounted price and notably, as online stores in India are following the product discounting as one of the key drivers for consumer acquisition, consumers’ perspective towards discount at brick-and-mortar store has changed. This change in consumers’ perspective has put the majority of brick-and-mortar retailers in India into a quandary and they are losing out their market share slowly to online retailers. In this research which is based on recommen

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Paseda, Oluseun. "A Review of Capital Budgeting Techniques." Issues in Social Science 8, no. 2 (2020): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/iss.v8i2.18034.

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Perhaps the single most important decision faced by management is the selection of investment projects that maximize the present value of shareholders’ wealth. This paper is a review of the literature on capital budgeting procedures. Analytic techniques such as Net present value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Payback, Discounted Payback, Time-adjusted discounting, Accounting Rate of Return, Profitability Index and Modified IRR are reviewed here. Additional supplementary techniques, when some complexities relating to risk and uncertainty are involved, are also discussed. Results of field

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Fanani, Achmad. "Donald Trump’s grammar: How to trivialize facts on coronavirus." Englisia: Journal of Language, Education, and Humanities 9, no. 2 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/ej.v9i2.11742.

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This current research reveals how President Trump grammatically constructed his clauses to trivialize the coronavirus (COVID-19). This research uses a discourse analysis approach with a qualitative design. The research data are President Trump’s trivializing clauses (192 main clauses) taken from his speeches, press interviews, remarks, and tweets from January 2020 to June 2020. Hallidayan SFL and Straker’s technique of trivialization are used as the basis of analysis. The result shows that most of the trivializing clauses are declarative while the others are interrogative and imperative. It is

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Adams, Jan Niklas, Cameron Pitsch, Tobias Brockhoff, and Wil M. P. van der Aalst. "An Experimental Evaluation of Process Concept Drift Detection." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 16, no. 8 (2023): 1856–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3594512.3594517.

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Process mining provides techniques to learn models from event data. These models can be descriptive (e.g., Petri nets) or predictive (e.g., neural networks). The learned models offer operational support to process owners by conformance checking, process enhancement, or predictive monitoring. However, processes are frequently subject to significant changes, making the learned models outdated and less valuable over time. To tackle this problem, Process Concept Drift (PCD) detection techniques are employed. By identifying when the process changes occur, one can replace learned models by relearnin

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Naranjo-Campos, Francisco J., Juan G. Victores, and Carlos Balaguer. "Expert-Trajectory-Based Features for Apprenticeship Learning via Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Robotic Manipulation." Applied Sciences 14, no. 23 (2024): 11131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app142311131.

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This paper explores the application of Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) in robotics, focusing on inferring reward functions from expert demonstrations of robot arm manipulation tasks. By leveraging IRL, we aim to develop efficient and adaptable techniques for learning robust solutions to complex tasks in continuous state spaces. Our approach combines Apprenticeship Learning via IRL with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), expert-trajectory-based features, and the application of a reverse discount. The feature space is constructed by sampling expert trajectories to capture essential task ch

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Lazareva, Natalia A., Victor P. Maryanenko, and Vladimir A. Fedorov. "FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF THE COMPANY’S FINANCIAL STRATEGY BASED ON THE FORECAST BALANCE SHEET IN THE CONTEXT OF DISCOUNTED CASH FLOWS AND CHANGES IN THE KEY RATE OF THE CENTRAL BANK OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 6/5, no. 147 (2024): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.06.05.042.

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The article is devoted to the specifics of the formation of a company’s financial strategy based on a forecast balance sheet in conditions of discounted cash flows. The purpose of this study is to establish the degree of impact and materiality criteria for the formation of the company’s financial strategy of such important factors as the forecast balance sheet, discounting of key economic indicators and changes in the key rate of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. To achieve this goal, the essence, significance and procedure for forming a financial strategy based on the impact of the

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Artikis, T., A. Voudouri, and D. Jerwood. "Analytical and computer simulation techniques for a stochastic model arising in discounting continuous uniform cash flows." Mathematical and Computer Modelling 18, no. 9 (1993): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(93)90139-p.

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Friedel, Jonathan E., William B. DeHart, Anne M. Foreman, and Michael E. Andrew. "A Monte Carlo method for comparing generalized estimating equations to conventional statistical techniques for discounting data." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 111, no. 2 (2019): 207–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jeab.497.

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Navarro, Ignacio J., Víctor Yepes, and José V. Martí. "A Review of Multicriteria Assessment Techniques Applied to Sustainable Infrastructure Design." Advances in Civil Engineering 2019 (June 17, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6134803.

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Given the great impacts associated with the construction and maintenance of infrastructures in both the environmental, the economic and the social dimensions, a sustainable approach to their design appears essential to ease the fulfilment of the Sustainable Development Goals set by the United Nations. Multicriteria decision-making methods are usually applied to address the complex and often conflicting criteria that characterise sustainability. The present study aims to review the current state of the art regarding the application of such techniques in the sustainability assessment of infrastr

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Marques-Perez, Inmaculada, Inmaculada Guaita-Pradas, and José-Luis Pérez-Salas. "Discounting in agro-industrial complex. A methodological proposal for risk premium." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 15, no. 1 (2017): e0105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2017151-10225.

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The estimation of the discount rate is decisive for a reliable economic valuation. The discount rate has to be adjusted for the risks related to the company, the sector which the company has its market, and the risks related to the investment project. We present a proposal to incorporate the risk premium to the discount rate. The novelty of the methodology is that difference risk groups according to activity as a factor to adjust the cost of capital to companies. The study applies the methodology to the Agro-Industrial Complex (AIC) in Spain. The AIC is formed by industries that add value to f

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Jana, Dipak Kumar, K. Maity, M. Maiti, and T. K. Roy. "A Multiobjective Multi-Item Inventory Control Problem in Fuzzy-Rough Environment Using Soft Computing Techniques." Advances in Decision Sciences 2014 (April 7, 2014): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/617989.

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The optimal production and advertising policies for an inventory control system of multi-item multiobjective problem under a single management are formulated as an optimal control problem with resource constraints under inflation and discounting in fuzzy rough (Fu-Ro) environment. The objectives and constraints in Fu-Ro are made deterministic using fuzzy rough expected values method (EVM). Here, the production and advertisement rates are unknown and considered as control (decision) variables. The production, advertisement, and demand rates are functions of time t. Maximization of the total pro

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Gharbi, Leila. "A critical analysis of the use of fair value by Islamic Financial Institutions." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 7, no. 2 (2016): 170–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-10-2013-0037.

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Purpose This paper aims to address a specific question over the compatibility of International Financial Reporting Standards with Islamic finance regarding the use of interest rate as discounting rate in impairment testing and valuation techniques. Design/methodology/approach Inductive methodology and qualitative-narrative methods are used to explore the available texts and literature. Findings There are two main findings: first, the use of reference rate obtained in non-Islamic financial system is inappropriate from the Islamic perspective. Interest-based valuation techniques have not been ad

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Liu, Xiaoliang, and Mei Su. "Double Strength Reduction Method for Slope Stability Analysis Based on Water Content Variation: A Study and Engineering Application." Water 15, no. 6 (2023): 1194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061194.

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Soil moisture content changes caused by rainfall and other factors can significantly affect slope stability and potentially lead to geological disasters, such as landslides and debris flows. However, conventional finite element methods for strength reduction do not consider the impact of water content on slope stability. This paper examines classical finite element methods for reducing the double strength coefficient and then introduces a novel approach using changes in moisture content. The new method is implemented through the use of an ABAQUS FE program’s USDFLD user-defined subroutine. Thi

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He, Shenjing. "Urban entrepreneurialism 2.0? Financialization, cross-scale dynamics, and post-political governance." Dialogues in Human Geography 10, no. 3 (2020): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2043820620921030.

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In this commentary, while I acknowledge the value of differentiating varieties of urban entrepreneurialism by focusing on different forms and geographies of innovation in public services, three major pitfalls impeding a renewed understanding of urban entrepreneurialism are identified. First of all, financialization, either as a means or an end, plays a central role in contemporary urban entrepreneurialism and deserves a more thorough scrutiny. Second, discounting the fluidity of spatial scales and multidirectionality in entrepreneurial policy-making, a taxonomy of urban entrepreneurialism is a

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Godwin Adie Akeke and Melody Sunday Osok. "Analysis of different impact rates on the forecasts cost of building project using sensitivity analysis techniques." World Journal of Advanced Engineering Technology and Sciences 4, no. 1 (2021): 040–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjaets.2021.4.1.0083.

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Over the years, Life Cycle Costing (LCC) has been recognized and used as an important technique for evaluating, forecasting and discounting the future costs of building to the present day value, from conception, design to completion, operation, maintenance, down to decommissioning. This work presents a study of Analysis on different discount rate of the forecasts cost of building project using sensitivity analysis techniques, the case study being Calabar International Conference Center (CICC) building project. Life cycle cost analysis was conducted and forecast for 51 years using Net present v

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Yermak, S. O., L. V. Frolova, and S. I. Buhenko. "The Systematics of a Methodical Instrumentarium for Assessing the Efficiency of the Entrepreneurial Structures’ Innovative Activities." Business Inform 9, no. 524 (2021): 266–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-9-266-275.

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Over the past decades, against the background of the innovative directedness of economic development, the role of innovative processes in the activities of entrepreneurial structures has been growing rapidly. Thus, scientific researches related to the innovative activity of entrepreneurial structures, its efficiency and methods of its evaluation become actualized. The present research is aimed at systematizing the existing methodological instrumentarium for assessing the efficiency of entrepreneurial structures, identifying its features and shortcomings for further improvement. The article car

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Moffitt, Robert. "The Econometrics of Kinked Budget Constraints." Journal of Economic Perspectives 4, no. 2 (1990): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.4.2.119.

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In the last several years, a branch of applied econometrics has developed that is devoted to the development of techniques for the estimation of demand and other functions when the budget constraint is “piecewise-linear,” or “kinky”—that is, when the constraint consists of a number of segments joined together at kink points. Such constraints most frequently arise from government tax and transfer programs. But kinked constraints sometimes arise in nongovernment contexts, a well-known example being the block pricing schedule commonly set by utilities and volume discounting in general. Kinked bud

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Manihuruk, Ira Dita Stevani, Gene Henfried Meyer Kapantow, and Jenny Baroleh. "Strategi Pengembangan Agrowisata Café Attaya di Desa Paslaten Kecamatan Kakas Kabupaten Minahasa Provinsi Sulawesi Utara." Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development (Jurnal Agribisnis dan Pengembangan Pedesaan) 5, no. 3 (2023): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.35791/agrirud.v5i3.52634.

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Tourism activities are not only an alternative for recreational activities, but these activities can increase income, if managed properly. For this reason, the right strategy is needed so that a business can develop properly. One of the businesses that is developing and utilizing agricultural areas is Cafe Attaya. This study aims to determine the development strategy for Cafe Attaya Agrotourism in Paslaten Village, Kakas District, Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. The sampling method in this study was taken using a combination of purposive sampling and accidental sampling techniques.

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Chand, Khem, R. V. Kumar, S. S. Meena, et al. "Financial and environmental impact analysis of developing common pasturelands." Range Management and Agroforestry 44, no. 01 (2023): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.59515/rma.2023.v44.i1.22.

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The present study analyzed environmental benefits and economic feasibility of developing pasturelands in Tonk district of Rajasthan, India. The project evaluation techniques such as internal rate of return, benefit-cost ratio, payback period and net present worth were used for assessing the financial viability. Quantification of the environmental benefit in term of carbon sequestration was done analysing total soil organic carbon concentration using isotopic mass spectrometer. Assuming project life of 7 years and discounting rate of interest 10.5 per cent, analysis showed that net present wort

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Novranda, Fahmi, Idwal, and Romi Adetio Setiawan. "TRANSFORMASI PERILAKU KONSUMTIF MAHASISWA DI PERANTAUAN (STUDI KASUS MAHASISWA EKONOMI SYARIAH UINFAS BENGKULU )." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi, Manajemen dan Ekonomi Islam (JAM-EKIS) 7, no. 1 (2024): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36085/jamekis.v7i1.5796.

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The aim of this research is to determine and explain student consumption behavior patterns, and to determine the factors that cause the transformation of student consumptive behavior in overseas sharia economics study programs at Fatmawati Sukarno State Islamic University, Bengkulu. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, data collection techniques are interviews, observation and documentation. The social situation used in this research was 15 sharia economics study program students class of 2019. The data analysis technique used was the Miles and Huberman model. Fr

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Hasan, Md Kamrul, and M. Serajul Islam. "An Ex-Post Analysis of Ginger (Zingiber officinalis) Research and Extension Investment in Bangladesh." Agriculturists 12, no. 2 (2015): 103–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/agric.v12i2.21738.

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The study estimated the benefit and rate of returns to investment on ginger research and extension in Bangladesh. The Economic Surplus Model with ex-post analysis was used to determine the returns to investment and their distribution between production and consumption. Several discounting techniques were also used to assess the efficiency of ginger research. The adoption rate was found increasing over the period. The yield of modern varieties of ginger developed by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) was 78 per cent higher than that of the local varieties. Society got net benefit

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Kandanuri, Varalakshmi. "Economic Feasibility of Functional Meat Products for Commercial Production in India." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 5, no. 7 (2017): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v5i7.701-709.554.

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This paper analyses the production of functional chicken meat products from economic perspectives. It analyses and compares the economics and investment feasibility on different size groups of processing plants in India. The primary data on input use and output yield were taken from studies of NRCM and data was analysed using economic analysis and investment appraisal techniques like NPV, IRR(%), BC ratio, and Break even analysis. The results indicated that the cost of production of functional products was 5.2 and 5.18 and 4.59 US dollars per kg on small, medium and large scale units respectiv

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Gold, Kevin. "Learning to Efficiently Pursue Communication Goals on the Web with the GOSMR Architecture." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 27, no. 1 (2013): 1227–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v27i1.8469.

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We present GOSMR ("goal oriented scenario modeling robots"), a cognitive architecture designed to show coordinated, goal-directed behavior over the Internet, focusing on the web browser as a case study. The architecture combines a variety of artificial intelligence techniques, including planning, temporal difference learning, elementary reasoning over uncertainty, and natural language parsing, but is designed to be computationally lightweight. Its intended use is to be deployed on virtual machines in large-scale network experiments in which simulated users' adaptation in the face of resource d

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Han, Ke, Mingming Zhu, Pengzhen Li, Jie Dong, Haoyang Xie, and Xiyan Zhang. "An Efficient Multi-Branch Attention Network for Person Re-Identification." Electronics 13, no. 16 (2024): 3183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13163183.

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Due to the absence of tailored designs that address challenges such as variations in scale, disparities in illumination, and instances of occlusion, the implementation of current person re-identification techniques remains challenging in practical applications. An Efficient Multi-Branch Attention Network over OSNet (EMANet) is proposed. The structure is composed of three parts, the global branch, relational branch, and global contrastive pooling branch, and corresponding features are obtained from different branches. With the attention mechanism, which focuses on important features, DAS attent

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Kesto, Dakito Alemu, and Jaladi Ravi. "Capital Budgeting Practices in Financial Institutions (FIs): An Empirical Study in the Case of Ethiopia." Global Disclosure of Economics and Business 6, no. 1 (2017): 29–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/gdeb.v6i1.114.

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Capital budgeting is the process that requires planning for setting up budgets on projects expected to have long-term implications, which is used as a standard for decision making for any organization. This study attempts to explore the capital budgeting practices in FIs and to ascertain if they had guidelines for capital budgeting techniques. The finding shows that, even if the firms in the sector have made significant investment on long-term assets only 42.9% of the firms were properly practiced the modern approaches of investment evaluation methods. Moreover, the most commonly used long-ter

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Hasan, MK, and MAA Mahmud. "The contribution of turmeric research and development In the economy of Bangladesh: an ex-post analysis." International Journal of Agricultural Research, Innovation and Technology 4, no. 1 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v4i1.20968.

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The study estimated the benefit and rates of returns to investment on turmeric research and development in Bangladesh. The Economic Surplus Model with ex-post analysis was used to determine the returns to investment and their distribution between the production and consumption. Several discounting techniques were also used to assess the efficiency of turmeric research. The adoption rate was found increasing trend over the period. The yield of BARI developed modern varieties of turmeric was 41 to 73% higher than those of the local variety. Society got net benefit Tk. 9333.88 million from the in

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Halsband, Aurélie. "Sustainable AI and Intergenerational Justice." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (2022): 3922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073922.

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Recently, attention has been drawn to the sustainability of artificial intelligence (AI) in terms of environmental costs. However, sustainability is not tantamount to the reduction of environmental costs. By shifting the focus to intergenerational justice as one of the constitutive normative pillars of sustainability, the paper identifies a reductionist view on the sustainability of AI and constructively contributes a conceptual extension. It further develops a framework that establishes normative issues of intergenerational justice raised by the uses of AI. The framework reveals how using AI

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Hasan, Md Kamrul, and Bhagya Rani Banik. "Economic Cost and Returns from Research and Development: The Case of Chili in Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 12, no. 1 (2015): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2015.12.1.5.

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The study estimated the benefit and rate of returns to investment on chili research and development (R&D) in Bangladesh. The Economic Surplus Model with ex-post analysis was used to determine the returns to investment and their distribution between production and consumption. Several discounting techniques were also used to assess the efficiency of chili research. The adoption rate showed an increasing trend over the period. The yield of modern variety, BARI-Chilli-1, developed by the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) was 72 percent higher than that of the local variety. So

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Liu, Jiahuan, Ping Jian, Desheng Liu, and Wei Xiong. "Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Evidence Theory and Its Application in Capability Evaluation of a Satellite Communication System." Entropy 26, no. 1 (2024): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26010094.

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Evaluating the capabilities of a satellite communication system (SCS) is challenging due to its complexity and ambiguity. It is difficult to accurately analyze uncertain situations, making it difficult for experts to determine appropriate evaluation values. To address this problem, this paper proposes an innovative approach by extending the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DST) to the probabilistic hesitant fuzzy evidence theory (PHFET). The proposed approach introduces the concept of probabilistic hesitant fuzzy basic probability assignment (PHFBPA) to measure the degree of support for propos

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Amirsadri, Mohammadreza, and Niloufar Dorri. "154: A PHARMACOECONOMIC EVALUATION TO MAKE DECISION: IS THE USE OF SIMVASTATIN 10 MG AS AN OTC MEDICATION COST-EFFECTIVE FOR THE PRIMARY PREVENTION OF STROKE AMONGST WOMEN IN IRAN?" BMJ Open 7, Suppl 1 (2017): bmjopen—2016–015415.154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015415.154.

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Background and aims:Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important causes of death and disability in Iran. Stroke is a serious cardiovascular situation which poses many problems for both patients and societies. Considering the pleiotropic effects of statins and their safety, particularly in low doses, as well as the increasing trend of stroke in Iranian populations, the economic evaluation techniques were used in this study to support decision-making regarding the use of simvastatin 10mg as an OTC drug for the primary prevention of stroke among women with an average CVD risk in Iran

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Pelzer, Peter, Roger Hildingsson, Alice Herrström, and Johannes Stripple. "Planning for 1000 Years: The Råängen Experiment." Urban Planning 6, no. 1 (2021): 249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i1.3534.

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While traditional forms of urban planning are oriented towards the future, the recent turn towards experimental and challenge-led urban developments is characterized by an overarching presentism. We explore in this article how an experimental approach to urban planning can consider the long-term through setting-up ‘conversations with a future situation.’ In doing so, we draw on a unique experiment: Råängen, a piece of farmland in Lund (Sweden) owned by the Cathedral. The plot is part of Brunnshög, a large urban development program envisioned to accommodate homes, workspaces, and world-class re

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Zikrillah, Abdu, Aditia Muara Padiatra, Indra Gunawan, Bambang Setiawan, and Muhamad Zaenal Muttaqin. "Perspektif Komunikaksi Islam Terhadap Perilaku Kekerasan Verbal Dalam Permainan Daring (Studi Kasus Game Mobile Legends: Bang Bang)." Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 6, no. 1 (2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.29240/jdk.v6i1.2960.

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In everyday life in the present, it is common for young people or teenagers to play online games. In playing online games there is communication in it which is not uncommon verbal violence. This study examines the Islamic perspective in seeing verbal violence that often occurs in online game play, which in this case is represented by the MOBA Mobile Legends Bang-Bang game. The research method uses content analysis techniques with a descriptive discussion. The communication process is seen based on the recordings of game players uploaded via YouTube and other social media. There are several fac

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Cooper, William D., Michael F. Cornick, and Alonzo Redmon. "Capital Budgeting: A 1990 Study Of Fortune 500 Company Practices." Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 8, no. 3 (2011): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v8i3.6140.

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Capital budgeting investment decisions are fertile ground for researchers because these decisions both involve the use of a large portion of a firms assets and require predictions of the future. Various techniques are used to analyze capital budgeting projects. Among these are (1) net present value (2) internal rate of return (3) payback and (40 several averaging methods. This paper seeks to determine what methods are currently used by major American firms to determine if the more theoretically correct methods are employed and how firms implement and monitor the techniques used. The authors su

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Kahraman, Cengiz, and İhsan Kaya. "INVESTMENT ANALYSES USING FUZZY PROBABILITY CONCEPT / INVESTICIJŲ ANALIZĖ TAIKANT TIKIMYBINĘ NEAPIBRĖŽTŲJŲ AIBIŲ KONCEPCIJĄ." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 16, no. 1 (2010): 43–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.03.

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In an uncertain economic decision environment, an expert's knowledge about discounting cash flows consists of a lot of vagueness instead of randomness. Cash amounts and interest rates are usually estimated by using educated guesses based on expected values or other statistical techniques to obtain them. Fuzzy numbers can capture the difficulties in estimating these parameters. Fuzziness is one aspect of uncertainty. It is the vagueness found in the definition of a concept or the meaning of a term. Fuzzy memberships represent similarities of objects to imprecisely denned properties, while proba

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Xiaodong Kong, Sheldon, and JoAnn Stubbings. "Assessing the Economic Value of Pharmaceutical Products and Services." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 8, no. 4 (1995): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719009500800402.

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The evaluation of drug therapy in the US has undergone major transformations in the 20th century. Since 1962, the primary indicators for a drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration have been safety and efficacy. Due to increased public demand for value for money, the economic outcome (efficiency) has become the third objective (in addition to safety and efficacy) in the evaluation of pharmaceuticals. Pharmacoeconomic analyses identify, measure, and compare the costs and consequences of two or more programs from one or several perspectives, which provide explicit sets of criteria

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Safaie, Nasser, Amir Sadighi, and Majid Mirzaee Ghazani. "Analyzing the interrelations among investors’ behavioral biases using an integrated DANP method." Decision Science Letters 13, no. 1 (2024): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2023.11.003.

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This research investigates the relationships between investors’ behavioral biases and compares their relative importance. For this purpose, a survey is conducted, and analytical methods are used. The sample for this study has been 512 individual investors of the Tehran Stock Exchange who completed an online questionnaire. The respondents replied about their behavior in different situations to analyze the prevalence of asymmetric discounting, mental accounting, shifting risk preference, loss aversion, regret aversion, overconfidence, proxy decision making, ambiguity aversion bias, anchoring, an

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Beulah, Evelyn Lazarus*1 A. Magesh2 &. Dr. Sanjeevi Prasad3. "FORECASTING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT AND METHANE EMISSIONS IN GREATER CHENNAI METROPOLITAN." GLOBAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND RESEARCHES 6, no. 4 (2019): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2633085.

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Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is a source of large scale emissions of green house gases. Methane and Carbon-di-oxide are primary drivers of climate change and global warming. Methane more specifically has 21 times the capacity to create global warming than Carbon-di-oxide.  This study estimates the emission potential of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) collected for the baseline year 2016 using UNFCCC’s Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). It was found that the amount of methane that is generated from the SWDS in the baseline scenario in year 2016 is 19,527 (t CO2e/yr). This solid waste in t

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Poti, Jamhur, and Mahadiansar Mahadiansar. "Evaluasi Kebijakan Revitalisasi Pasar Tradisional : Studi Pasar Akau Potong Lembu Kota Tanjungpinang." Kolaborasi : Jurnal Administrasi Publik 6, no. 3 (2020): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.26618/kjap.v6i3.4165.

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Revitalizing traditional markets is a form of improving the quality of public space as a policy of the regional government in cooperation with local communities. The purpose of revitalizing traditional markets is not merely to improve the physical form of traditional markets but also to manage these traditional markets. The researcher raised a case study on the policy after revitalizing the Lembu Market, Tanjungpinang City, to what extent the policies that have been implemented before and after the market revitalization match the public's expectations, it is necessary to evaluate the programs

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Ren, Buxin, Di Wu, and Jiayi Zhang. "Research on the Influence of Discount on Consumers’ Purchase Attractiveness and Coping Strategies -- Taking Consumers Aged 26-35 as an Example." BCP Business & Management 34 (December 14, 2022): 461–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v34i.3050.

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Promotions are the driving force of consumption for E-commerce platforms, such as the “Double Eleven” shopping carnival in China, in which major e-commerce platforms participate, which has been setting new records for its volume over the past decade. Statistics from the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) show that online payment services exceeded ¥1.4 trillion in the shopping frenzy in 2019 (PBOC, 2019). The same is true in other parts of the world. For example, “Prime Day” in the United States is equivalently attractive for American shoppers. In addition to policy support and market dividends, dis

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Fusaro, Michelangelo, Pier Giuseppe Giribone, and Alessio Tissone. "Analysis of numerical integration schemes for the Heston model: a case study based on the pricing of investment certificates." RISK MANAGEMENT MAGAZINE 18, no. 2 (2023): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47473/2020rmm0125.

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The Heston model is one of the most used techniques for estimating the fair value and the risk measures associated with investment certificates. Typically, the pricing engine implements a significant number of projections of the underlying until maturity, it calculates the pay-off for all the paths thus simulated considering the characteristics of the structured product and, in accordance with the Monte Carlo methodology, it determines its theoretical value by calculating its mean and discounting it at valuation time. In order to generate the future paths, the two stochastic differential equat

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Sussman, Fran, Christopher P. Weaver, and Anne Grambsch. "Challenges in applying the paradigm of welfare economics to climate change." Journal of Benefit-Cost Analysis 5, no. 03 (2014): 347–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbca-2014-9001.

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Abstract: This paper discusses the challenges inherent in developing benefit-cost analysis (BCAs) of climate change. Challenges are explored from three perspectives: meeting the foundational premises for conducting BCA within the framework of welfare economics, methodological considerations that affect the application of the tools and techniques of BCA, and practical limitations that arise out of resource constraints and the nature of the question, project, or policy being evaluated. Although economic analysts frequently face – and overcome – conceptual and practical complications in developin

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Kalyebara, Baliira, and Abdullahi D. Ahmed. "Capital markets, corporate governance and capital budgeting: Implications for firm value." Corporate Ownership and Control 9, no. 3 (2012): 9–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv9i3art1.

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The conventional discounting capital budgeting techniques have been widely criticized for being inappropriate in incorporating multi-criteria interactions and for focusing on one-off single objective of maximizing net present value. This paper modifies a Multiple Objective Linear Programming (MOLP) optimization model of Levary and Seitz (1990). It adds to the objective function the mitigation of agency costs as a proxy of good corporate governance principles and capital market interactions. The goal of the study is to examine the impact of agency costs on the present value of a long term capit

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Moro, Andrea Stefano, Daniele Saccenti, Alessandra Vergallito, et al. "Evaluating the Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Symptom Relief and Cognitive Function in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder, Substance Use Disorder, and Depression: An Insight from a Naturalistic Observational Study." Applied Sciences 14, no. 14 (2024): 6178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14146178.

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The utilization of non-invasive neurostimulation techniques, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), is increasingly prevalent in psychiatry due to their efficacy and safety. Although the precise therapeutic mechanisms remain partially unclear, repetitive TMS, particularly high-frequency stimulation, may enhance cognitive functions, contributing to therapeutic benefits. This within-subjects study examined the impact of TMS on cognitive and symptomatic outcomes in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), substance use disorder (SUD), and major depressive disorder (MDD). A tot

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Fortin, Joseph. "The Anatomy of the Lateral Branches of the Sacral Dorsal Rami: Implications for Radiofrequency Ablation." Pain Physician 5;17, no. 5;9 (2014): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2014/17/459.

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Background: The sacroiliac joint (SIJ) is a major source of pain in patients with chronic low back pain. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the lateral branches of the dorsal sacral rami that supply the joint is a treatment option gaining considerable attention. However, the position of the lateral branches (commonly targeted with RFA) is variable and the segmental innervation to the SIJ is not well understood. Objectives: Our objective was to clarify the lateral branches’ innervation of the SIJ and their specific locations in relation to the dorsal sacral foramina, which are the standard RFA la

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Sloan, Brian, Olubukola Tokede, Sam Wamuziri, and Andrew Brown. "Cost analysis error? Exploring issues relating to whole-life cost estimation in sustainable housing." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 19, no. 1 (2014): 4–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-02-2013-0003.

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Purpose – The main purpose of the study is to promote consideration of the issues and approaches available for costing sustainable buildings with a view to minimising cost overruns, occasioned by conservative whole-life cost estimates. The paper primarily looks at the impact of adopting continuity in whole-life cost models for zero carbon houses. Design/methodology/approach – The study embraces a mathematically based risk procedure based on the binomial theorem for analysing the cost implication of the Lighthouse zero-carbon house project. A practical application of the continuous whole-life c

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