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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

1963-, Sanders Ted, and Sweetser Eve, eds. Causal categories in discourse and cognition. New York, N.Y: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009.

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2

Anderssen, Merete. The acquisition of functional categories. Oslo: Novus Press, 1996.

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3

Obeng, Samuel Gyasi. Conversational strategies in Akan: Prosodic features and discourse categories. Köln: Köppe, 1999.

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4

Grewendorf, Günther, and Thomas Ede Zimmermann. Discourse and grammar: From sentence types to lexical categories. Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, 2012.

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5

Timothy, Fitzgerald. Discourse on civility and barbarity: A critical history of religion and related categories. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

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6

Cuyckens, H. Adpositions of movement. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Pub., 2005.

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7

Lampert, Martina. Die parenthetische Konstruktion als textuelle Strategie: Zur kognitiven und kommunikativen Basis einer grammatischen Kategorie. München: O. Sagner, 1992.

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8

Lampert, Martina. Die parenthetische Konstruktion als textuelle Strategie: Zur kognitiven und kommunikativen Basis einer Grammatischen Kategorie. Bern: Peter Lang International Academic Publishers, 1992.

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9

Mari, Hugo, Renato de Mello, and Ana Maria Nápoles Villela. Categorias e práticas de análise do discurso. Belo Horizonte: Núcleo de Análise do Discurso, FALE-UFMG, 2000.

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10

Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.

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What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, the volume opens with a brief historical account of the formation of the academic discourse on shamans. Within the theoretical framework offered by critical discourse analysis and by means of multi-sited ethnographic research, it then weaves together different case studies: three novels by Taguchi Randy, a manga, a TV series and the case of an urban shaman who is mostly active in Tokyo. The main elements emerging from these case studies are explored by situating them in the precise historical and social context within which the discourse has been developed. This shows that the new discourse analysed shares several characteristics with the more ‘traditional’ and accepted discourses on shamanism, while at the same time differing in certain respects. In this work, particular attention is given to how the category and term ‘shaman’ is defined, used and re-negotiated in the Japanese metropolitan context. Through this approach, the book aims to further problematize the categories of ‘shaman’ and ‘shamanism’, by highlighting certain aspects that are not yet accepted by many scholars, even though they constitute a discourse that is relevant and effective.
11

Floyd, Rick. La estructura categorial de los evidenciales en el quechua wanka. Lima, Perú: Ministerio de Educación, 1997.

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12

Mirchenko, M. V. Vybrani prat︠s︡i z katehoriĭnoï hramatyky ta linhvotekstolohiï. Lut︠s︡ʹk: Redakt︠s︡iĭnyĭ viddil Volynsʹkoho nat︠s︡ionalʹnoho universytetu imeni Lesi Ukraïnky, 2011.

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13

Abdullah, Walid Jumblatt. Islam in a Secular State. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463724012.

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The overtly secular state of Singapore has unapologetically maintained an interventionist approach to governance in the realm of religion. Islam is particularly managed by the state. Muslim activists thus have to meticulously navigate these realities – in addition to being a minority community – in order to maximize their influence in the political system. Significantly, Muslim activists are not a monolith: there exists a multitude of political and theological differences amongst them. Islam in a Secular State: Muslim Activism in Singapore analyses the following categories of Muslim activists: Islamic religious scholars (ulama), liberal Muslims, and the more conservative-minded individuals. Due to constricting political realities, many activists attempt to align themselves with the state, and call upon the state to be an arbiter in their disagreements with other factions. Though there are activists who challenge the state, these are by far in the minority, and are typically unable to assert their influence in a sustained manner. The author draws upon his own experiences as a researcher and as someone who was involved in some of the discourses explored in this book.
14

Sweetser, Eve, and Ted Sanders. Causal Categories in Discourse and Cognition. De Gruyter, Inc., 2009.

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15

Sweetser, Eve, and Ted Sanders. Causal Categories in Discourse and Cognition. De Gruyter, Inc., 2009.

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16

Jones, David Andrew. Blurring Categories of Identity in Contemporary French Literature: Jean Genet's Subversive Discourse. Edwin Mellen Pr, 2008.

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17

Georgievna, Koshevai͡a︡ Inna, and Moskovskiĭ gosudarstvennyĭ pedagogicheskiĭ institut imeni V.I. Lenina., eds. Grammaticheskie kategorii v tekste: Mezhvuzovskiĭ sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Moskva: Moskovskiĭ gos. pedagog. in-t im. V.I. Lenina, 1985.

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18

Fitzgerald, Timothy. Discourse on Civility and Barbarity: A Critical History of Religion and Related Categories. Oxford University Press, 2007.

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19

Renker, Elizabeth. Reality Categories in Periodical Poems. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808787.003.0003.

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One of the larger questions hovering over scholarship in American literary realism is how certain orders of experience came to count as “real,” and, crucially, as opposed to what. Yet, ironically, most scholarship on realism has not “counted” poems as part of the evolving discourse of realism. Periodical poems about reality categories are in fact extremely common in print culture after 1866. This chapter traces the larger dialogic scene in which poems articulate an array of emergent realist and idealist positions as antitheses. Individual poems work out (or take confused sides in) these larger debates about reality categories as philosophical concepts, as artistic concepts, and as both pertain to the sphere of “poetry” in particular. The meanings of these poems are social ones, arising in public scenes of conversation, dispute, and debate.
20

Van Dijk, Teun A. Ideology and Discourse. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.007.

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This chapter focuses specifically on the neglected discursive and cognitive dimensions of the theory of ideology, as part of Critical Discourse Studies (CDS). Ideologies are defined as basic shared systems of social cognitions of groups. They control group attitudes (e.g. about immigration, abortion, divorce, etc.) and mental models of group members about specific events and experiences. Polarized (Us versus Them) ideological representations and their categories (identity, actions, goals, norms/values, reference groups, and resources) control all levels of ideological discourse (topics, lexicon, meanings, interaction, etc.). The overall strategy of ideological discourse is the enhancement of Our Good Things, and Their Bad Things, and the Mitigation of Our Bad Things and Their Good Things, at all levels of discourse structure—the so-called Ideological Square. A debate in British Parliament on Asylum Seekers is used as an illustration of the theory.
21

Floyd, Rick. The Structure of Evidential Categories in Wanka Quechua (SIL International and the University of Texas at Arlington Publications in Linguistics, vol.131). SIL International, 1999.

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22

Potter, Jonathan. Discourse of community and conflict: The organization of social categories in accounts of a "riot". 1987.

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23

Narrog, Heiko. The Expression of Non-Epistemic Modal Categories. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.5.

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This chapter gives an overview of the cross-linguistic expression of non-epistemic modality. Following the issue of morphological expression, including covert (implicit) expression, deviations from one-meaning–one-form, and biases in the expression of non-epistemic possibility and necessity are presented. Then morphosyntactic aspects of the expression of non-epistemic modality are discussed, especially non-canonical case marking associated with the use of non-epistemic modal expressions, and the question of order between modal expressions and expressions of other grammatical categories. The chapter ends with a brief subsection on modal concord and on the use of non-epistemic modal expressions in discourse.
24

A, Plungi︠a︡n V., Gusev V. I︠U︡, Urmanchieva A. I︠U︡, and Institut i︠a︡zykoznanii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Problemnai︠a︡ gruppa po teorii grammatiki., eds. Grammaticheskie kategorii v diskurse. Moskva: Gnozis, 2008.

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25

A, Plungi︠a︡n V., Gusev V. I︠U︡, Urmanchieva A. I︠U︡, and Institut i︠a︡zykoznanii︠a︡ (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Problemnai︠a︡ gruppa po teorii grammatiki., eds. Grammaticheskie kategorii v diskurse. Moskva: Gnozis, 2008.

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26

El-Issa, Anwar. The Lexico-Grammatical Categories of Theme as an Index of Genre in Discourse Analysis: A Functional Approach. AuthorHouse, 2016.

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27

Jaquet, Chantal. Variations of the Mixed Discourse. Translated by Tatiana Reznichenko. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474433181.003.0006.

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Lastly, on the basis of this definition, the author shows how affects shed light on the body-mind relationship and provide an opportunity to produce a mixed discourse that focuses, by turns, on the mental, physical, or psychophysical aspect of affect. The final chapter has two parts: – An analysis of the three categories of affects: mental, physical, and psychophysical – An examination of the variations of Spinoza’s discourse Some affects, such as satisfaction of the mind, are presented as mental, even though they are correlated with the body. Others, such as pain or pleasure, cheerfulness (hilaritas) or melancholy are mainly rooted in the body, even though the mind forms an idea of them. Still others are psychophysical, such as humility or pride, which are expressed at once as bodily postures and states of mind. These affects thus show us how the mind and body are united, all the while expressing themselves differently and specifically, according to their own modalities.
28

Dudoignon, Stéphane A. History and Memory. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190655914.003.0002.

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A geographical survey of Iranian Baluchistan highlights the modern transformation of the desert/oasis dichotomy, and the socioeconomic impact of this evolution upon political and religious authority within the Baluch world. Examining the discourses of different categories of primary sources on the Baluch, the chapter highlights the changing perception by diverse observers of Baluch religiosity and religious identity since the early twentieth century. It also shows, notably, how Iranian anticolonial discourse in the 1960s-70s exposed the impact of Shia migration to the country’s Sunni-peopled periphery upon the consolidation of an ethno-social Sunni minority identity. Dealing with Baluch historiography, the chapter discusses how Baluch chroniclers have promoted, since the 1960s, a typology of heroes and values in which the ulama and Islamic discourse tend to replace tribal leaders and pastoral ethics of previous centuries. The chapter underlines the role played in this discursive change and the contest of the tribal chieftains’ power, by representatives of the oases world and of minor tribal groups of landowning status.
29

Weinreb, Alice. Blood and Soil. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190605094.003.0003.

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This chapter analyzes the food economy of the Third Reich, arguing that the Nazi state relied on individual food acts (eating, cooking, and shopping) to create and maintain racial categories. It looks at the ways in which the country’s rationing program gave new categories of race, and especially the category of the Jew, bodily significance by shaping what people could and should eat. This also meant that racial belonging determined life by determining food supply. Not only Jews and other undesirable races but also Aryans were defined through the food system. This was done by Nazi agricultural discourse that linked racial health with controlling Eastern European farming land, as well by as the valorization of specific foods like the casserole (Eintopf) and whole-grain bread.
30

Llano, Samuel. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199392469.003.0001.

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The introduction analyzes the impact of modernization and population growth on Madrid’s society from the 1850s to the 1930s, attending to the widening of social inequalities and the escalation of problems such as crime, epidemics, and poverty. In addition, the introduction lays out the theoretical framework of the book. On one hand, it explores the different ways in which the relationship between marginality and social control can manifest in society and accounts for the way in which music can help to negotiate those tensions. On the other hand, it explores the construction of discourse around the categories music, noise, and sound. The media used those categories to marginalize certain sound and musical practices and to prompt legal and police action against the groups that owned them.
31

Rahmani, Masoumeh. Drifting through Samsara. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197579961.001.0001.

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Goenka’s Vipassana movement is distinguished for its consistent refusal to identify as Buddhist and its rich rhetorical repertoire for repackaging Theravada Buddhist teachings in pseudo-scientific and secular language. This book is an in-depth qualitative study of Goenka’s movement in New Zealand. It illustrates the implication of the movement’s discourse on shaping unique processes and narratives of conversion and disengagement. It argues that conversion to this movement is tacit and paradoxically results in the members’ rejection of religious labels and categories. The book subsequently examines disengagement in the context of tacit conversion, outlining three pathways: (1) pragmatic leaving, (2) disaffiliation, and (3) deconversion. Pragmatic leavers refer to individuals who disengaged prior to developing a commitment and their language is characterised by pragmatisms, dualistic discourse, and ambivalence, and their post-disengagement involves an active gravitation towards practices with easily accomplished goals. Disaffiliates and deconverts are individuals who disengaged after years of intense commitment to the movement. One of the distinguishing features of disaffiliation narratives is self-doubt resulting from the movement’s ambiguous discourse regarding progress, and that post-disengagement often involves the retrospective adoption of the Buddhist identity. The book argues that consequential to its linguistic strategies as well as the movement’s relation to the host culture, deconversion from this movement is a rare exit pattern. The book thus also questions the normative participant recruitment approach in conversion studies and argues that a simple reliance on the informants’ identification or rejection of categories fails to encompass the tonalities of conversion in the contemporary spiritual landscape.
32

Ward, Gregory, Betty J. Birner, and Elsi Kaiser. Pragmatics and Information Structure. Edited by Yan Huang. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199697960.013.10.

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Information structure deals with the question of how—and specifically, in what order—we choose to present the informational content of a proposition. In English and many other languages, this content is structured in such a way that given, or familiar, information precedes new, or unfamiliar, information. Because givenness and newness are largely matters of what has come previously in the discourse, information structuring is inextricably tied to matters of context—in particular, the prior linguistic context—and this is what makes information structure quintessentially pragmatic in nature. While it has long been recognized that various non-canonical word orders function to preserve a given-before-new ordering in an utterance, a great deal of research has focused on how to determine the specific categories of givenness and newness that matter for information structuring. A growing body of psycholinguistic work explores the role that these categories play in language comprehension.
33

Bhatia, Aditi. The Discursive Portrayals of Osama bin Laden. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038860.003.0002.

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This chapter illustrates how the creation of illusive categories and perceptions through the use of religious metaphor, among other rhetorical tools, culminated in the inevitable dichotomy in the way the world perceived Osama bin Laden. It thus conceptualizes bin Laden's discourse as a set of discursive illusions, in which the dual faces created of and by him turn out to be two sides of the same coin. Drawing on a combination of analytical tools, which include the historical approach, membership categorization analysis, and discourse as metaphor, the chapter analyzes a selection of speeches by Osama bin Laden and George W. Bush in an attempt to illustrate how both parties use almost identical forms of discourse in order to produce diametrically opposed conceptualizations of reality. It illustrates how Osama bin Laden played the role of both the evil terrorist and the brave champion of Islam through the creation of discursive illusions.
34

Leader-Picone, Cameron. Black and More than Black. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496824516.001.0001.

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This book analyzes twenty-first century African American fiction through the proliferation of post categories that arose in the new millennium. These post categories—post-black, post-racialism, post-Soul—articulate a shift away from the racial aesthetics associated with the Black Arts Movement and argue for the individual agency of Black artists over the meaning of racial identity in their work. Analyzing key works by Colson Whitehead, Alice Randall, Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Paul Beatty, Jesmyn Ward, and Kiese Laymon, this book argues that twenty-first century African American fiction highlights the push and pull between claims of post-civil rights progress and the recognition of the entrenchment of structural racism. The book contextualizes this shift through the rise of, and presidency of, Barack Obama and the revision of Du Boisian double consciousness. It examines Obama through an analysis of the discourse surrounding his rise, Obama’s own writings, and his appearance as a character. The book concludes that while the claims of progress associated with Barack Obama’s presidency and the post era categories to which it was connected were overly optimistic, they represent a major shift towards an individualistic conception of racial identity that continues to resist claims of responsibility imposed on Black artists.
35

Sauer, Michelle M., and Jenny C. Bledsoe, eds. The Materiality of Middle English Anchoritic Devotion. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781641894883.

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Anchorites and their texts, such as <i>Ancrene Wisse</i>, have recently undergone a reevaluation based on material circumstances, not just theological import. The articles here address a variety of anchoritic or anchoritic-adjacent texts, encompassing guidance literature, hagiographies, miracle narratives, medical discourse, and mystic prose, and spanning in date from the eighth through the fourteenth centuries. Exploring reclusion and materiality, the collection addresses a series of overlapping themes, including the importance of touch, the limits of religious authority, and the role of the senses. Objects, metaphorical and real, embodied and spiritual, populate the pages. These categories are permeable, with flexible and porous boundaries, demonstrating the conflation of ideas, concepts, and manifestations in medieval materiality. In fact, the permeability of these categories demonstrates how materiality can reshape our approach to medieval texts. It leaves room for directions for future study, including the application of material analysis to previously unstudied objects, spaces, and literary artifacts.
36

Kripal, Jeffrey J. Sexuality and the Erotic. Edited by John Corrigan. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195170214.003.0010.

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The biological, psychological, cultural, and ethical complexities of what we today call sexuality, gender, sexual orientation, and sexual trauma have been the focus of intense research for well over a century now. It would be difficult to overestimate the importance of this corporate knowledge for how we have come to see “religion,” and it is worth noting that both the modern categories of religion and sexuality as signs marking fields of rational discourse and critical study were born more or less together within the same time period (the nineteenth and twentieth centuries) and within the same cultural institution (the Western university). This article examines the abstract categories of sexuality, gender, sexual orientation, the erotic, desire, and sexual trauma. It concludes with two individual fields of sexual-religious emotion and, in this case, two historical female bodies, one (apparently) heterosexual, the other homosexual or bisexual: Mother Ann Lee, the charismatic founder of the American Shaker community, and the contemporary Hollywood actress, Anne Heche.
37

Owen, Stephen. Key Concepts of “Literature”. Edited by Wiebke Denecke, Wai-Yee Li, and Xiaofei Tian. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199356591.013.1.

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“Literature” is a discursive field that is bounded by other discursive fields that are “not literature.” Reflection on that field as such can be traced to the early second century ce under the category wen. Wen was a much older and broader category that characterized certain qualities in a text, a person, or even the condition of an age. Critical reflection on wen was sustained for about four centuries, but the elusiveness of the term blurred the bibliographical category. Gradually, in the eighth and ninth centuries, critical discourse shifted to the large genre categories, to poetry and to wen redefined as “prose.”
38

Williamson, George S. Myth. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.35.

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This chapter examines the nineteenth-century discourse on myth and its influence on Christian theological and cultural debate from the 1790s to the eve of the First World War. After preliminary comments on the eighteenth century, it examines five ‘key’ moments in this history: the Romantic idea of a ‘new mythology’ (focusing on Friedrich Schelling); the ‘religious’ turn in myth scholarship c.1810 (Friedrich Creuzer); debates over the role of myth in the gospels (focusing on David Strauss and Christian Weisse); theories of language and race and their impact on myth scholarship; and Arthur Drews’ The Christ Myth and the debate over the historicity of Jesus. This chapter argues that the discourse on myth (in Germany and elsewhere) was closely bound to the categories and assumptions of Christian theology, reproducing them even as it undermined the authority of the Bible, the clergy, and the churches.
39

Gelbart, Matthew. Musical Genre and Romantic Ideology. Oxford University PressNew York, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190646929.001.0001.

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Abstract European Romanticism gave rise to a powerful discourse equating genres to constrictive rules and forms that great art should transcend; and yet without the categories and intertextual references we hold in our minds, “music” would be meaningless noise. This book teases out that paradox, charting the workings and legacies of Romantic artistic values such as originality and anti-commercialism in relation to musical genre. Genre’s persistent power was amplified by music’s inevitably practical social, spatial, and institutional frames. Furthermore, starting in the nineteenth century, all music, even the most anti-commercial, was stamped by its relationship to the marketplace, entrenching associations between genres and target publics (whether based on ideas of nation, gender, class, or subtler aspects of identity). These newly strengthened correlations made genre, if anything, more potent rather than less, despite Romantic claims. In case studies from across nineteenth-century Europe engaging with canonical music by Bizet, Chopin, Verdi, Wagner, and Brahms, alongside representative genres such as opéra-comique and the piano ballade, Gelbart explores the processes through which composers, performers, critics, and listeners gave sounds, and themselves, a sense of belonging. He examines genre vocabulary and discourse, the force of generic titles, how avant-garde music is absorbed through and into familiar categories, and how interpretation can be bolstered or undercut by genre agreements. Even in a modern world where transcription and sound recording can take any music into an infinite array of new spatial and social situations, we are still locked in the Romantics’ ambivalent tussle with genre.
40

Trencsényi, Balázs, Michal Kopeček, Luka Lisjak Gabrijelčič, Maria Falina, Mónika Baár, and Maciej Janowski. Toward a Conservative Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198737155.003.0005.

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The interwar radicalization of politics in East Central Europe was linked to the proliferation of a discourse of crisis. Symptoms of crisis could be localized in certain social groups, institutions, and social relations, such as the generational cleavage. Since the topos of crisis was not bound to any particular ideology, the very same discourse was used by liberal and leftist intellectuals as well. Nevertheless, the most plausible ideological framework offering a way out of the crisis seemed to be the “conservative revolution,” promising to restore the continuity of traditions that had been interrupted by the breakthrough of modernity. This led to the proliferation of “national metaphysics,” defining the specificity of the respective nation with ontological categories. Another face of this “conservative revolution” was the politicization of religion, linked to the renewed interest in myth and popular religiosity. At the same time, there was also a conservative anti-totalitarian stance and, in a few cases, a left-wing reorientation of certain religious subcultures.
41

Stirr, Anna Marie. Sounding and Staging Village Nepal. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190631970.003.0005.

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This chapter turns to how commercial dohori represents an idealized version of a rural hill village through music, lyrics, dance, and visual aspects, and how such representations contribute to dohori’s mediating role among social categories, spaces, and places. Looking at representations of the rural in songs, music videos, and urban dohori restaurant performance in Nepal and in the UK, it examines how a particular version of “the Nepali village” has been constructed as normative. Building on the discussion in the preceding chapters, I argue that ways of staging the village as “country” in dohori come directly to bear on the issues of gender, caste, ethnicity, class, and region that currently dominate Nepali political discourse.
42

Shuy, Roger W. Deceptive Ambiguity in Language Elements of the Inverted Pyramid. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190669898.003.0008.

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This chapter provides an overview of the uses of deceptive ambiguity by representatives of the government, including police, prosecutors, undercover agents, and complainants. The chapter summarizes the findings of the preceding chapters under the six categories of speech events, schemas, agendas, speech acts, conversational strategies, and lexicon/grammar. These language elements make up what is referred to here as the Inverted Pyramid, a sequential approach to analyzing language evidence that is used by representatives of the government during their criminal investigations, hearings, and trials. These six language elements, when viewed as a whole, range from larger language units to smaller ones and provide the discourse context in which the government’s perceptions of smoking gun evidence must be seen.
43

Nash, Geoffrey. Religion, Orientalism and Modernity. Edinburgh University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474451680.001.0001.

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Falling within the disciplines of postcolonial religious and literary studies this book examines the colonial dimensions behind the development of three modern mahdi movements: the Babis and Baha’is of Iran and the Ahmadiyya from South Asia. The book attempts to evaluate western interest in these religious movements according to key thematic paradigms: Orientalism, race, and the politics of empire. It questions whether movements with mahdi claims and reform agendas emerging in the Islamicate world in the period in question adopted the Orientalist discourse of the coloniser, and if so, why? The main objective of the study is to situate the rationale for deployment of Orientalist discourse in Baha’i narratives and to probe their connections to categories of empire and modernity. This is in turn linked to ideas about the revival of religion in the Islamicate domains and beyond, the relationship between religion and modernity and, in particular, the way in which European notions about the backwardness of Muslim states in relation to their indigenous minorities was inscribed into Baha’i literature in English
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Casadio, Giovanni. Historicizing and Translating Religion. Edited by Michael Stausberg and Steven Engler. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198729570.013.2.

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This chapter justifies the general application of the taxon ‘religion’ as a unitary analytical concept situated in history, and locates religions as interculturally translatable and communicable systems of beliefs and practices related to superhuman agents. It argues that the postmodern claim that religion was an exclusive invention of modern European scholarship should be dismissed. The author shows that European discourse did not impose on non-European cultures alien colonial configurations such as the separation of the sphere of religion from other spheres of human culture. That this separation was not ‘invented’ is implied by the universal process of construction of boundaries between distinct domains of social life and the consequent elaboration of cross-cultural categories. The possibility itself of defining and translating religion into the most diverse historical and geographical milieus shows the panhuman character of this historical constellation.
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Reeves, Gene. A Perspective on Ethics in the Lotus Sūtra. Edited by Daniel Cozort and James Mark Shields. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198746140.013.27.

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Because the Lotus Sūtra is primarily soteriological rather than philosophical, its ethics do not readily fit into standard categories of Western philosophical discourse. What the Lotus Sūtra cares about is that every human being becomes a buddha, and it often uses unconventional or unorthodox ideas to advance that cause. Accordingly, the Lotus Sūtra gives little attention to Buddhist precepts. It is somewhat patriarchal, but only in part, as can be seen from important parts of the Sūtra itself. The ethics of the Lotus Sūtra can best be characterized as ‘the bodhisattva way’, a way of appropriate, skilful, and effective action through helping others, and which involves practising wisdom and compassion in everyday life. Moreover, helping others is not understood as solely a matter of helping individuals. Rather, the Lotus Sūtra supports what is today called ‘Engaged Buddhism’.
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Platte, Nathan. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199371112.003.0015.

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Understanding the musical collaboration behind Selznick’s films does not require embracing every one of the producer’s decisions—some missed their mark. But Selznick’s productions do invite a re-evaluation of dominant prejudices in film-music discourse regarding, the involvement of a non-musicians in the scoring process, the sharing of compositional duties among multiple personnel, and film music’s relationship to commercial interests. These factors are crucial to understanding music’s function in Selznick’s films and its success within films and beyond. Although Selznick’s emphasis on film music reflected priorities born of prestige filmmaking (and literary adaptations in particular), his musical ideas spread far beyond these categories in the hands of other filmmakers. A concluding section shows that the mosaic-like construction of scores for Selznick presents not a crisis of authorship, but rather an opportunity to assess the dynamic and messy collaborations that produced some of Hollywood’s most memorable scores.
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Faxneld, Per. Subversive Satanic Women in Decadent Literature and Art. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190664473.003.0007.

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Chapter 7 discusses Decadence as a highly visible counter-discourse, which popularized tactics of counter-reading. Félicen Rops’s enthusiastically debauched engravings and paintings of Satanic women are examined. Next, J.-K. Huysmans’s novel Là-bas (1891) is considered, especially the female Satanist Mme Chantelouve who is portrayed in it. She is a self-governing woman with modern ideas about free love and described as hysterical. Hysteria carried connotations of feminism, and the independent Chantelouve can be seen as a caustic caricature of an emancipated New Woman. Certain bohemian females were undaunted and approached her as an object of identification. Finally, Stanislaw Przybyszewski’s highly ambivalent attitude towards the demonic feminine is read in view of his œuvre at large, which makes it difficult to understand his at times quite ghastly descriptions of female Satanists as a simple condemnation. At times unwittingly, Decadents contributed to a destabilization of gendered categories and ideals.
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Morales, Harold D. Latino and Muslim in America. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190852603.001.0001.

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Even as many people view Latinos and Muslims as growing threats in US discourse, Latino Muslims celebrate their intersecting identities in their daily lives and in their mediated representations. The story of Latinos embracing Islam is set in an American religious landscape that is characteristically “diverse and fluid.” It follows distinctive immigration patterns and laws, metropolitan spaces, and new media technologies that have increasingly brought Latinos and Muslims into contact with one another. It is part of the mass exodus out of the Catholic Church, the digitization of religion, and the growth of Islam. It is set in a national context dominated by particular media politics, information economies, and the hyper-racialization of its inhabitants and their religious identities. The historically specific character of groups like Latino Muslims increasingly compels scholars to approach the categories of race, religion, and media as inextricably intertwined. This monograph therefore draws on and engages central categories, theories, and issues in the fields of religious, ethnic, and media studies. By carefully attending to the stories that Latino Muslims tell about themselves, the work examines the racialization of religion, the narrating of religious conversion experiences, the dissemination of post-colonial histories, and the development of Latino Muslim networks across the United States. This study of how being Latino and Muslim in America becomes mediated is a cautionary analysis of how so-called minority groups are made in the United States and how they become fragmented and nevertheless struggle for recognition in a “diverse and fluid” landscape.
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Atrey, Shreya. Intersectional Discrimination. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198848950.001.0001.

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Why has intersectionality fallen by the wayside of discrimination law? Thirty years after Kimberlé Crenshaw coined the term ‘intersectionality’, discrimination lawyers continue to be plagued by this question across a range of jurisdictions, including the US, UK, South Africa, India, Canada, as well as the UN treaty body jurisprudence and the jurisprudence of the EU and the ECHR. Claimants continue to struggle to establish intersectional claims based on more than one ground of discrimination. This book renews the bid for realizing intersectionality in comparative discrimination law. It presents a juridical account of intersectional discrimination as a category of discrimination inspired by intersectionality theory, and distinct from other categories of thinking about discrimination including strict, substantial, capacious, and contextual forms of single-axis discrimination, multiple discrimination, additive discrimination as in combination or compound discrimination, and embedded discrimination. Intersectional discrimination, defined in these theoretical and categorial terms, then needs to be translated into doctrine, recalibrating each of the central concepts and tools of discrimination law to respond to it—including the text of non-discrimination guarantees, the idea of grounds, the test for analogous grounds, the distinction between direct and indirect discrimination, the substantive meaning of discrimination, the use of comparators, the justification analysis and standard of review, the burden of proof between parties, and the range of remedies available. With this, the book presents a granular account of intersectional discrimination in theoretical, conceptual, and doctrinal terms, and aims to transform discrimination law in the process of realizing intersectionality within its discourse.
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Danielson, J. Taylor, and Robin Stryker. Cultural Influences on Social Policy Development. Edited by Daniel Béland, Kimberly J. Morgan, and Christopher Howard. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199838509.013.032.

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Meaning-making is the core of all cultural mechanisms influencing policy development. Culture includes ideas; ideologies; values; concepts and theories; categories; beliefs; attitudes; opinions; norms; cognitive schema and paradigms; frames; discourse; spoken, written, or signed language; and any material object to which meaning is attached. Each shapes policies through meaning-making. This chapter explores how diverse aspects of culture play cognitive, normative-evaluative, and strategic roles in U.S. social policy development. It reviews exemplary research exploring the relationship between various cultural forces and that development, offering methodological and theoretical suggestions for future research. Cultural factors alone are unlikely to provide a sufficient explanation for any aspect of U.S. social policy development. However, understanding how they operate in the background and foreground of social policy debates is essential, because fully explaining the nature, timing, causes, and consequences of any particular American social policy development will require elucidating multiple aspects of—and roles played by—culture.
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