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Journal articles on the topic 'Discourse founder'
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1
Kułan, Bartosz. "Republika Dziecięca Williama Rubena George’a – jako przykład pracy z młodzieżą niedostosowaną społecznie w Stanach Zjednoczonych." Kwartalnik Pedagogiczny, no. 65/3 (February 17, 2021): 34–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2657-6007.kp.2020-3.3.
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The article presents the history of the children’s republic founded by William Ruben George (1866–1936). The first part of the article focuses on familiarising readers with the figure of William Ruben George – the founder of the George Junior Republic. This figure and his activities have not been known in the Polish scientific discourse so far. The following sections discuss the general characteristics of the fight against juvenile delinquency in the United States and the reasons for the creation of the George Junior Republic. The next part focuses on the governance system in the George Junior Republic and the daily lives of the pupils.
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Leśniczak, Rafał. "The Persuasiveness of a Message and the Problem of Legitimacy." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica 35, no. 5 (2017): 59–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1505-9057.35.05.
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The author analyses several selected speeches of Italian politicians: the founder of the Forza Italia party, Silvio Berlusconi; the founder and leader of the Five Stars Movement, Beppe Grillo; and the current Prime Minister of Italy, Matteo Renzi. The study makes it possible to evaluate whether the conditions for the ideale Sprechsituation (the ideal speech situation) of Jürgen Habermas are fulfilled in analysing the public discourse. Particular attention will be given to the relationship between the persuasiveness of the communication and the problem of legitimacy.
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Cooper, Travis Warren. "‘Cooking with Gordon’: Food, Health, and the Elasticity of Evangelical Gender Roles (and Belt Sizes) on The 700 Club." Religion and Gender 3, no. 1 (2013): 108–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18785417-00301008.
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This article examines evangelical gender paradigms as expressed through a 700 Club cooking segment facilitated by Gordon Robertson, the son of Pat Robertson – founder of the Christian Broadcasting Network (CBN), The 700 Club, Christian Coalition, and one-time presidential candidate. Several themes converge within this cooking show, including health and nutrition, family ritual, and gender roles. Using the cooking segment as data, I draw on scholarship on body, gender, family and ritual to argue that evangelical discourses are labile in their responses to recent socio-cultural shifts and suggest that ‘Sunday Dinners: Cooking with Gordon’ defies caricatures of evangelical gender formation and signals a shift to soft-patriarchy and quasi-egalitarianism, at least within public, visual discourse. ‘Sunday Dinners’ underscores the centrality of the family in evangelical discourse – even as conceptions of gender are in flux – as it seeks to facilitate everyday rituals via cooking and eating together.
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van den Heever, Gerhard. "Introduction: Paul, Founder of Churches. Cult Foundations and the Comparative Study of Cult Origins." Religion & Theology 20, no. 3-4 (2014): 259–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15743012-12341262.
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AbstractIn this introduction to the discussion on James C. Hanges,Paul, Founder of Churches, the significance of the comparative work on the cult founder-figure and typology of cult foundations is discussed. The essay argues that this serves to ground any interpretation of the cult founding work of the apostle Paul in an understanding of the materiality of religion. This gives impetus to a more concrete conceptualisation of Christian origins. Further reflection on this comparative enterprise is offered by means of three discussion foci, namely Discourse, imperial context, spatiality; Diaspora religion; and New Religious Movements. It is argued that the pervasiveness of imperial discourse and its spatial encoding allows us to see Paul’s cult foundations as sites of imperial resistance. Diasporas and diasporic religions provide key illuminations for understanding the broader context of the foundations of cult groups by Paul. Study of new religious movements will also aid in concrete descriptions and analysis of the making of early Christian groups and their organisation.
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AHMAD, IRFAN. "Cracks in the ‘Mightiest Fortress’: Jamaat-e-Islami's Changing Discourse on Women." Modern Asian Studies 42, no. 2-3 (2008): 549–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003101.
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AbstractIslamists' ideas about the position of women are readily invoked to portray them as ‘anti-modern’. The operating assumption is that Islamism (mutatis mutandis Islam) sanctions gender hierarchy. In this paper, drawing on ethnographic research and written sources of the Jamaat-e-Islami of India, founded in 1941, I question such assumptions. While defending Islam against the ‘epidemic’ of westernization, Maududi (b. 1903), the Jamaat's founder, called women ‘the mightiest fortress of Islamic culture’. Invoking the Quran and Prophetic traditions, he argued that women should not step outside of the home, and must veil themselves from head to toe. He stood against any political role for women. For decades, Maududi's interpretation went uncontested. However, from the 1970s onwards many members of the Jamaat began to critique Maududi and offered an alternative reading of Islam. They argued that women could indeed leave the home, assume key economic and political roles, unveil their faces, as well as act in films. By highlighting such voices and analysing the sociological coordinates of the contestations within the Jamaat, I underscore the transformation in the Jamaat's discourse. I conclude by discussing whether the critiques of Maududi by his own followers inaugurate an alternative discourse of Islamic feminism.
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Zulianto, Roni Ardian. "Pemberitaan Dukungan Keluarga Pendiri Nahdlatul Ulama (Nu) pada Prabowo-Sandi dalam Liputan6.Com (Liputan6.com Reporting of NU Founders Family’s Support to Prabowo-Sandi)." JALABAHASA 15, no. 2 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.36567/jalabahasa.v15i2.339.
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Berita yang ditayangkan oleh media massa tidak sepenuhnya sesuai dengan apa yang terjadi di lapangan, tetapi sudah mengalami pengolahan yang disesuaikan dengan ideologi media massa. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini ingin mengkaji teks berita dukungan keturunan keluarga pendiri NU pada capres Prabowo dan Sandi yang ditayangkan oleh Liputan6.com. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini berupa teks berita Liputan6.com pada November 2018. Metode yang digunakan adalah simak-bebas libat cakap dengan teknik klasifikasi terhadap data yang dikumpulkan. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode padan-pragmatis sehingga hasil analisis data disajikan dalam uraian. Selain itu, peneliti menggunakan teori tiga dimensi Fairclough (1995) yang meliputi (1) text, (2) discourse practice, dan (3) sociocultural practice. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa berita yang dimuat tentang dukungan tersebut tidak benar karena pada praktik sosial yang disisipkan pada beberapa kalimat oleh penulis menyatakan bahwa keturunan pendiri NU tersebut memang berkunjung, tetapi bukan untuk mendukung dalam pemilihan suara. The news published by mass media is not suitable with the event in the real life. However, it is processed by the ideology from mass media. That is why, this study wants to examine the critical discourse of the news about the NU founders of descendants family’s support to Prabowo-Sandi aired by the liputan6.com. The data source of this study are the news from liputan6.com in November 2018. The method used simak bebas libat cakap by using classification techniques on the data collected. While for the data analysis, the researcher uses padan-pragmatic method and the results of data analysis present in a description. The researcher uses three dimensions theories from Fairclough (1995) which are (1) text, (2) discourse practice, and (3) sociocultural practice. The result of this study showed that the news about the support of NU founder family was not true because the social practice that was inserted by writer stated that the descendants of the founder of the NU had just visited, but had not supported them in the election.
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Widiyanto, Asfa. "Revelation is Unlimited: Divinely Inspired Speeches, �Testing� and the Spiritual Training in the Subud Movement." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 8, no. 2 (2016): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i2.6144.
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The Subud Movement is one of the mystical movements which develop in the Indonesian archipelago. This movement originated from the spiritual experience of its founder, Muhammad Subuh Sumahadiwidjojo (1901-1987), in 1925. This paper is devoted to highlighting the nature of revelation in the Subud Movement. I will show that revelation is not a taboo in the movement and even becomes the legitimacy of leadership, in particular for the founder of the Movement. This can be observed most notably from the existence of divinely inspired talks, testing and the latihan kejiwaan (spiritual training) in the movement. In order to grasp more readily the nature of revelation in the Subud Movement, I also provide an overview of the discourse of leadership and revelation in Javanese mystical tradition.
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Hoffmann, Anna Lauren, Nicholas Proferes, and Michael Zimmer. "“Making the world more open and connected”: Mark Zuckerberg and the discursive construction of Facebook and its users." New Media & Society 20, no. 1 (2016): 199–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444816660784.
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The dominance of online social networking sites (SNSs) sparks questions and concerns regarding information privacy, online identity, and the complexities of social life online. Since messages created by a technology’s purveyors can play an influential role in our understanding of a technology, we argue that gaining a complete understanding of the role of social media in contemporary life must include qualitative exploration of how public figures discuss and frame these platforms. Accordingly, this article reports the results of a discourse analysis of Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s public language, foregrounding the evolution of his discourse surrounding Facebook’s self-definitions, the construction of user identity, and the relationship between Facebook and its users.
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Gallagher, Mark. "From asylum to action in Scotland: the emergence of the Scottish Union of Mental Patients, 1971–2." History of Psychiatry 28, no. 1 (2016): 101–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x16678124.
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By analysing a collection of documents authored by Thomas Ritchie, founder of the Scottish Union of Mental Patients (SUMP), this study recounts the emergence of mental patient unionism at Hartwood Hospital, North Lanarkshire, Scotland. The discourse and action employed by Ritchie and SUMP are understood and situated in relation to intended audiences, social and material conditions of the asylum space, and transformations in cultures beyond the asylum, including nascent industrial strife, social liberalism, civil rights, the London ‘underground’ and counter-cultures.
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Irawan, Andi Muhammad. "‘They are not Muslims’: A critical discourse analysis of the Ahmadiyya sect issue in Indonesia." Discourse & Society 28, no. 2 (2017): 162–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926516685462.
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This article examines discourse presentations of the Ahmadiyya sect (a self-defined sect of Islam) as created in texts produced by the Islamic Defender Front ( Front Pembela Islam/the FPI). The FPI considers Ahmadiyya to be a deviant sect because the sect recognises its founder, Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, as a new prophet of Islam after Prophet Muhammad. This teaching is in sharp contradiction to the belief of the majority of Muslims who believe that Muhammad is the seal of prophethood. This study aims to reveal the discourse strategies employed and discourse topics presented by the FPI in its written and spoken texts when presenting Ahmadiyya. The data analysed are two speeches delivered and two articles written by the FPI’s chairman, Habib Rizieq Shihab. The critical discourse analysis (CDA) theoretical framework employed in this study is based on Van Dijk’s ‘ideological square’, namely positive self- and negative other presentations. The findings of the study reveal that Ahmadiyya is depicted negatively as ‘the non-believers of Islam’, ‘the hijacker of Islam’, ‘the enemy of Islam’, and ‘the traitor/betrayer of Islam’, while Shihab has portrayed the FPI as ‘the tolerant Islamic group’
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Anggoro, Ayub Dwi, and Yusuf Adam Hilman. "KISRUH PILKADA KABUPATEN PONOROGO." Jurnal Riset Komunikasi 1, no. 2 (2018): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24329/jurkom.v1i2.32.
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Research is called chaos election district ponorogo (discourse critical analysis model Norman Fairclough about news a lawsuit this election district Ponorogo on may 22 December 2015 - 21 January 2016). Methods used in research is descriptive method the critical analysis discourse model three dimensions “norman fairclough” .The purpose of this research isto review the news textThe result showed that the language of: diction, the use of the word, and selection in the source directly used in research, put the institution the constitutional court in the representation of negative. It is connected to ideology nationalism adopted by institutions the online media more defend sugiri. Nevertheless, representation besides pertaining to ideology adopted, also has connection with political interests from the media is the founder of institutions, in imaging positive on his party.
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Koksvik, Gitte H. "Neoliberalism, individual responsibilization and the death positivity movement." International Journal of Cultural Studies 23, no. 6 (2020): 951–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367877920924426.
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In this article I offer a critical analysis of the loosely defined death positivity movement. Death positivity presents itself as oppositional and liberating, gaining legitimacy by reference to the narratives of death taboo and death denial. I show how the movement encourages extending continuous, self-reflexive engagement in identity and lifestyle to dying and death, arguing that death positivity employs and advocates a particular enterprising culture and furthers a neoliberal discourse of individual responsibilization. To make my argument, I look more closely at the death-positive discourse as it is furthered by two North American initiatives in particular; Death Over Dinner as presented by its founder Michael Hebb in the 2018 book about the initiative, and selected videos published by Order of the Good Death, spearheaded by mortician, author and YouTube personality Caitlin Doughty.
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Love, Nancy S. "“Singing for Our Lives”: Women's Music and Democratic Politics." Hypatia 17, no. 4 (2002): 71–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2002.tb01074.x.
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Although democratic theorists often employ musical metaphors to describe their politics, musical practices are seldom analyzed as forms of political communication. In this article, I explore how the music of social movements, what is called “movement music,” supplements deliberative democrats' concept of public discourse as rational argument. Invoking energies, motions, and voices beyond established identities and institutions anticipates a different, more musical democracy. I argue that the “women's music” of Holly Near, founder of Redwood Records and Redwood Cultural Work, exemplifies this transformative power of musical sound.
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Beeby, Allison, and María Teresa Rodríguez. "Millán-Astray’s Translation of Nitobe’s Bushido: The Soul of Japan." Meta 54, no. 2 (2009): 218–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037677ar.
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Abstract The translation of Inazo Nitobe’s Bushido: the Soul of Japan (1905) by Millán-Astray, the founder of the Spanish Foreign Legion (1941), has been studied from the point of view of the contexts, pretexts and texts of the source text (ST) and the translated text (TT). Nitobe’s context and pretext meant that his discourse was primarily one of cultural mediation, an attempt to build bridges between East and West, but also to strengthen the position of Japan. Millán-Astray’s context and pretext meant that his discourse was intended to inspire the youth of Spain, but also, and this was even more important, to strengthen Franco’s regime and give prestige to the Spanish Foreign Legion. The pretexts of both author and translator can be found in the paratextual elements of the ST (1905) and the TT (1941). However, both texts have been re-edited several times in different formats, without the original introductions and prologues and this raises the question of how the inclusion or omission of this information may affect the reader’s interpretation of text as discourse.
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Boisvert, Donald L. ""I seek my satisfaction in you": The sexual discourses of Eugène Prévost, religious founder." Studies in Religion/Sciences Religieuses 37, no. 3-4 (2008): 427–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000842980803700303.
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Father Eugène Prévost ( 1860-1946) is the founder of two small Roman Catholic religious orders dedicated to the material and spiritual care of priests: for men, the Fraternité Sacerdotale; for women, the Oblates of Bethany. Born in rural Quebec, his religious training and thinking were fairly typical of the French Canadian Catholic environment of that time. His spirituality centres on the motif of Jesus as priest and victim. Father Prévost's extensive writings, often rather sentimental in the extreme, are remarkable for their sexual overtones, particularly their use of homoerotic language and imagery. This article examines some of the more significant themes of this "eroticized" discourse.
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Nugraha, Hendra. "REPRESENTATION OF KIM JONG-UN’S SUCCESSION IN BBC NEWS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS." JURNAL ARBITRER 3, no. 1 (2016): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/ar.3.1.27-35.2016.
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This research attempts to reveal representation of Kim Jong-Un’s succession in BBC News through textual and discursive practice analysis. The data of this thesis are taken from BBC News website on 29 and 31 December 2011. The theory applied to seek the objective of the research is Critical Discourse Analysis developed by Fairclough. Through textual and discursive practice analysis, the writer finds pthat BBC employs more passive material clauses than active material clauses in depicting Kim Jong-Un’s succession. BBC also represents Kim Jong-Un’s succession as premature process where Kim Jong-Un is portrayed as a young and inexperienced leader. Besides the prematurity of the succession, the present writer finds that BBC represents Kim Jong-Un’s succession as continuity of Kim’s family dynasty. Thus, the succession is based on his resemblance to Kim Il-Sung, the founder of Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, rather than Kim Jong-Un ability and competency.
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Mukuka, Bridget N. M. "Rethinking land and religion." Jumuga Journal of Education, Oral Studies, and Human Sciences (JJEOSHS) 1, no. 1 (2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.35544/jjeoshs.v1i1.21.
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This article is a by-product of a missiological research that examined the power of naming some congregations in the local language, through the concept of culture in the Mutima Walowa wa Makumbi1 Church popularly known as the Mutima Church of Zambia. The article examines how the founder of the Mutima Church acquired land in the name of religion in many parts of the country. Upon the death of the church founder in February 2015, some of the land has been repossessed by either his own relatives or by the Zambian government. To gain ‘ownership’ of the land, the church founder established some congregations across the country which he named under his own Bemba2 cultural worldview. Critically important is the fact that this research wasconducted in six congregations; and strongly indicates that due to lack of proper documentation, some acres of church land have been repossessed by the government and by some relatives of the church founder who donated it a couple of years ago. To make the research valid, thirty church members were interviewed. They comprised of eleven males, nine females, six male youths and four female youths. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, focus group approach, participant observation and document review. Consequently, guided by the feminist narrative methods of inquiry, the article adopts a qualitative approach to answer a key research question: How does the missional policy of the Mutima Church affect some members’ understanding of land and religion in the power of naming? The above discourse is viewed through the lenses of Michel Foucault (1978) and Elisabeth Schussler Fiorenza’s (2009) respectively.
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Bandari, Mahya Rafiee. "Study of Ethics and Human Rights in Western Schools and Discourse of Political Islam." Review of European Studies 9, no. 1 (2017): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/res.v9n1p130.
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According to the invariance of many provisions of Islamic teachings on the one hand and existence of interest on the other hand, political Islam by interpreting repeated primary and secondary rules meaning tries to strengthen Islamic state.Therefore, moral meaning and discourse of human rights concepts such as freedom, equality, justice and ... is different from many traditional and political jurists and implications in the moral bases at west (Kant’s own good school and school of profitability) and Western human rights. Accordingly, in this paper, we try that according to the views of Imam Khomeini as the founder of political Islam in Iranand Ayatollah Mesbah Yazdi as one of the most important theorists of this discourse that have different ideas about ethics and discourse concepts of human rights and explain the position of political Islam with regard to the domestic interests in the west moral education with an emphasis on Kant’s own good and utility schools and moral concepts of human rights.Now the question in study is that according to the ethics discourse of human rights concepts and some basic precepts of Islamic teachings, whether political Islam and more has functionality the consistency with Kant’s ethics or due to the use of evidence deemed, is consistent with profitability school or not or finally by rejecting the aforementioned schools, offers a third way? And according to his moral system in contrast to the concepts of human rights discourse, provides what position?
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Saidin, Mohd Irwan Syazli. "THE THIRD WAVE: DEMOCRATIZATION IN THE LATE TWENTIETH CENTURY, BY SAMUEL P HUNTINGTON. OKLAHOMA: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA PRESS, 1991, 384 PAGES. ISBN: 9788475099606." Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS) 6, no. 1 (2021): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp394-400.
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The discourse on democratization features prominently in the work of Samuel P. Huntington (1927-2008) entitled ‘The Third Wave’ which was published in 1991. Huntington was one of the most influential political scientists and previously held the position of university professor at the prestigious Harvard Kennedy School in the US. He authored many academic books on comparative politics and was the founder of the Foreign Policy Journal as well as the former president of the American Political Science Association (IPSA). Written in six interesting chapters, Huntington’s Third Wave provides a clear-cut discussion on fundamental questions of when, why and how democratization occurs in different parts of the world. This fascinating book has contributed significantly to the empirical analyses on comparative transition to democracy and autocracy in around thirty global southern states, primarily in Latin America and Asia, and remains relevant for discourses on any future wave of global democratization.
 
 Cite as: Syazli Saidin, M. I. (2021). The third wave: Democratization in the late twentieth century. (Book review). Journal of Nusantara Studies, 6(1), 394-400. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol6iss1pp394-400
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KARA, SEYFEDDIN. "The Collection of the Qurʾān in the Early Shīʿite Discourse: The traditions ascribed to the fifth Imām Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad al-Bāqir". Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 26, № 3 (2015): 375–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186315000425.
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In the introduction to his article, entitled “The Murder of Ibn abī l-Ḥuqayq: On the Origin and Reliability of SomeMaghāzīReports”, Harald Motzki summarises “special biases” by which western scholars deal with the Muslim sources concerning the life of the Prophet. For Motzki, one of the most important biases held against the Muslim sources is that “The background is theological, in that the traditions tried to create a specific theology of history, or in that the Muslims simply tended to put a halo around the founder of their religion”.2
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MOORE, ANDREA. "Neoliberalism and the Musical Entrepreneur." Journal of the Society for American Music 10, no. 1 (2016): 33–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175219631500053x.
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AbstractIn 2012, the flutist Claire Chase, founder of the International Contemporary Ensemble, received a MacArthur Award for her work as an “arts entrepreneur and flutist.” The award's emphasis on Chase's entrepreneurship reflects the growing demand among classical musicians, educators, and critics for self-driven musical projects, promoted as an engine of classical music's concert culture and as crucial to its renewal in the United States. Entrepreneurship curricula are now in place at almost every music school in the country.In this article, I offer a critique of the increasingly institutionalized push for musical entrepreneurship, demonstrating that it is rooted in the discourse and ideals of neoliberalism. Drawing on scholarship by economist Guy Standing and political theorist Wendy Brown, I analyze the discourse supporting musical entrepreneurship training, demonstrating the ways it advances neoliberal values through the association of “freedom” and “innovation” with the dismantling of collectivity and valorization of precarious labor structures. This discourse produces an expectation of radical self-sufficiency throughout U.S. society, across multiple economic sectors and including non-economic areas of life. I argue that musical entrepreneurship training serves not as a progressive alternative to other forms of musical career building, but instead habituates musicians to precariousness and insecurity through its rhetoric and institutional endorsement.
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Robertson, Paul. "The Polemic of Individualized Appellation in Late Antiquity." Studies in Late Antiquity 2, no. 2 (2018): 180–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sla.2018.2.2.180.
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This article describes rhetorical innovations in late antique Christian polemic around the construction of orthodoxy/heresy and Christianity more broadly. Late antique Christian polemicists label groups as heretical by using their founders' names as eponymous proxies for an entire group and set of ideas: Marcionism/ites, Valentinianism/ites, and so forth. This type of group construction, which I term the polemic of individualized appellation due to the pejorative labeling of a group after an individual founder, is an intentional and often artificial type of elite, literary polemic put to service in the wider creative mythmaking and boundary/identity construction by heresiologists such as Justin, Irenaeus, Tertullian, Eusebius, and Epiphanius. In identifying both precursor ingredients in various ancient Mediterranean comparanda and novel developments in the Christian heresiologists' discourse, I also engage with recent scholarship on heresy, orthodoxy, and identity constructions in Late Antiquity. I explain why the polemic of individualized appellation was especially effective in constructing difference, its role in this particular late antique context, and its function in effacing apparent similarities in widespread practices and beliefs. I conclude with a methodological discussion, arguing that scholars in religion and history should reject their sources' categories of group identity construction due to their inherent bias.
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IQTIDAR, HUMEIRA, and DAVID GILMARTIN. "Secularism and the State in Pakistan: Introduction." Modern Asian Studies 45, no. 3 (2011): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x11000229.
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Pakistan occupies an uncertain and paradoxical space in debates about secularism. On the one hand, the academic consensus (if there is any), traces a problematic history of secularism in Pakistan to its founding Muslim nationalist ideology, which purportedly predisposed the country towards the contemporary dominance of religion in social and political discourse. For some, the reconciliation of secularism with religious nationalism has been a doomed project; a country founded on religious nationalism could, in this view, offer no future other than its present of Talibans, Drone attacks and Islamist threats. But on the other hand, Pakistan has also been repeatedly held out as a critical site for the redemptive power of secularism in the Muslim world. The idea that religious nationalism and secularism could combine to provide a path for the creation of a specifically Muslim state on the Indian subcontinent is often traced to the rhetoric of Pakistan's founder, Muhammad Ali Jinnah. But debate among Muslim League leaders specifically on the relationship of religious nationalism with secularism—and indeed on the nature of the Pakistani state itself—was limited in the years before partition in 1947. Nevertheless, using aspects of Jinnah's rhetoric and holding out the promise of secularism's redemptive power, a military dictator, Pervez Musharraf, was able to secure international legitimacy and support for almost a decade.
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Kovářová, Helena. "Travels by the Czech teacher and school director František Slaměník in the footsteps of Comenius in Poland and the Netherlands as evidence of commitment to the comeniology." Siedleckie Zeszyty Komeniologiczne, seria PEDAGOGIKA VI (December 22, 2019): 385–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.6264.
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At the turn of the 20th century, the interest in John Amos Comenius’ legacy was on the rise. While various basic monographs and studies were published at the time, his biography still contained a lot of uncertainties and the list of his works was incomplete. In addition to histori-ans, some teachers who admired Comenius engaged in searching for new facts that would con-tribute to answering some issuable questions. One of them was František Slaměník, the founder of the oldest Comenius Museum. This paper focuses in detail on Slaměník’s reports from his private travels abroad to places linked to Comenius’ life. Slaměník’s texts are interesting evi-dence of comeniological discourse in the Czech lands at the last quater of 19th century with overlap to the beginning of 20th century.
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Kisiel, Piotr. "The Sanctuary of a sacred nation: National discourse in the style and décor of the Licheń Sanctuary." Nationalities Papers 44, no. 2 (2016): 319–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2015.1087990.
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The Basilica of Our Lady of Licheń, located near Konin in the Greater Poland Voivodeship, provides a unique insight into a nationalistic discourse in contemporary Poland. It was created not only as a Catholic shrine but also as a place of patriotic indoctrination. This paper examines not only the architecture and design of the Church and the surrounding Sanctuary, but also the ideas of Rev. Eugeniusz Makulski, the site's founder, and Barbara Bielecka, its architect, in order to understand one of the important currents in a debate on the Polish post-Communist identity. A close analysis of this religious shrine is intended not only to understand this particular site but also to examine how national identity is (re)defined in architecture. As this paper shows, the employment of symbolic devices allows the creation of a coherent story of the Polish nation as a religious community with a history intrinsically linked to the Catholic Church. However, the annexation of the lay sphere (nation) by the sacred one (religion) leads to problematic results when it comes to the universality of the religion and the “nationalization” of the Catholic Church itself.
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Jansen, Jan. "Polities and Political Discourse: Was Mande Already A Segmentary Society in the Middle Ages?" History in Africa 23 (January 1996): 121–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3171937.
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Stephan Bühnen has applied some of my ideas to a wider region than southwestern Mali, and shown that the principles of Mande status discourse make possible new interpretations on sources and political processes in the entire West African Sudan. Inspired by Bühnen's analysis, I am convinced that the principles of Mande status discourse may shed light on various processes, varying from political struggles between families to the construction of contemporary ethnic identities. I hope that this reply will not be the end of the discussion on West African genealogies, and that others will join us.Although Bühnen ideas are fruitful, there are also points to contest. Lack of space forces me to focus on three points of Bühnen's critique: the way I elaborate the term “segmentary;” his remarks that I overlook a “bulk of testimony recorded in medieval Arabic sources;” and his complaint of my “inadequate understanding of historical polities.”Since Bühnen accepts my analysis of the Mande genealogies and their relation to nineteenth-century society, I will take this as my point of departure. I will argue that we cannot deduce the “historical reality of polities” for the available material without being misled by our own prejudices and fallacies. The ‘old’ sources are not as one-dimensional as Bühnen thinks: a status claim does not necessarily represent an irreversible hierarchy in a relationship. Bühnen ignores the context, overlooks the dynamics of Mande status discourse, and presupposes his model of chiefdoms.I admit that I am vague about the way I operationalize the term “segmentary,” but a definition of “segmentary” is not necessary to my argument since I focus on a discourse which shows that any relation in Mande is hierarchical as well as based on a dichotomy—for instance, ‘older-younger’ or ‘founder-stranger.’
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Fujii, Jinshi. "Yanagita Kunio and the Culture Film: Discovering Everydayness and Creating/Imagining a National Community, 1935–1945." Arts 9, no. 2 (2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9020054.
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In wartime Japan, folklore studies (minzokugaku) as an academic discipline emerged at the same time as the rise of the culture film (bunka eiga). Both helped mobilize peripheral areas and firmly created the image of a unitary nation. This paper focuses on Living by the Earth (Tsuchi ni ikiru, 1941), directed by Miki Shigeru, and its spinoff photo album titled People of the Snow Country (Yukiguni no minzoku, 1944). Miki filmed rural life and ordinary people in the Tohoku region under the strong influence of Yanagita Kunio, a founder of Japanese folklore studies, and published the photo album in collaboration with Yanagita. In this project, vanishing customs were paradoxically regarded as objects impossible to photograph. However, that paradox enhanced the value of the project and made it easier to construct an imagined national community through the discourse of folklore studies.
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Nye, Andrea. "The Hidden Host: Irigaray and Diotima at Plato's Symposium." Hypatia 3, no. 3 (1988): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.1988.tb00188.x.
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Irigaray's reading of Plato's Symposium in Ethique de la difference sexuelle illustrates both the advantages and the limits of her textual practise. Irigaray's attentive listening to the text allows Diotima's voice to emerge from an overlay of Platonic scholarship. But both the ahistorical nature of that listening and Irigaray's assumption of feminine marginality also make her a party to Plato's sabotage of Diotima's philosophy. Understood in historical context, Diotima is not an anomaly in Platonic discourse, but the hidden host of Plato's banquet, speaking for a pre-Socratic world view against which classical Greek thought is asserted. Understood in historical context, Plato is not the authoritative founder of Western thought against whom only marginal skirmishes can be mounted, but a rebellious student who manages to transform Diotima's complex teaching on personal identity, immortality, and love into the sterile simplicities of logical form.
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Lidin, Konstantin. "a garden city and/or a socialist city?" проект байкал 18, no. 68 (2021): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.51461/projectbaikal.68.1800.
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The concept of a socialist city took shape in a keen struggle between supporters of the idea of a garden city and adherents of the social city. Every movement has an officially recognized founder, its own philosophy and program. The confrontation of concepts in the Soviet architecture has acquired an irreconcilable and uncompromising character. But to what extent are these movements really antagonistic?
 The issue is considered on the basis of both historical and theoretical materials and on specific examples of urban planning solutions in the cities of Eastern Siberia, the Urals and Kuzbass.
 We continue to focus on strengthening the factual basis of the history of this still unexplored period. In the articles about Sevastopol and Magnitogorsk, a number of documents are published for the first time and thus are introduced into the scientific discourse.
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Ajariyah, Lilis Sarifatul, and Agus Sriyanto. "WACANA KOMPAS TERHADAP PEMBERITAAN MUKTAMAR NU KE-33 DAN MUHAMMADIYAH KE-47." KOMUNIKA: Jurnal Dakwah dan Komunikasi 10, no. 2 (2017): 231–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24090/komunika.v10i2.946.
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In August 2015, there are two major Islamic organizations in Indonesia, NU and Muhammadiyah held a consultative forum which is the highest in the conference organization. 33 NU congress held in Jombang, East Java began 1 to 5 August 2015. As at August 3 to 7 held 47 Muhammadiyah congress in Makassar, South Sulawesi. One of the print media that provide accounts is Kompas. Interestingly, Kompas has a history as the founder of the mass media-founders are Catholic figures. As P. K. Ojong, Oetama, R. G. Doeriat, Frans Xaverius Seda, Polycarp Swantoro, R. Soekarsono, there are also representatives of the Supreme Council of hierarchical elements of the Indonesian Bishops (Mawi), Catholic party Union of Catholic University Students of the Republic of Indonesia (PMKRI). Kompas discourse about NU and Muhammadiyah that are the focus of research. How the two types of the news media is manufactured into a text. Because the media really is in the middle of a social reality that is loaded with a variety of interests, but has been linked with the social reality. As Aart Van Zoest once said, that a text has never been separated from ideology and have the ability to manipulate the reader toward an ideology. In the text of the media, reporters, also the editor, full power over the choice of words to beworn. He may or must select one word in between the rows of words that are quite similar yet different “flavors” of his. This research is a library (library research) with a focus on the study of print media ie newspapers Kompas, while the object to be studied is the preaching of NU and Muhammadiyah 33rd to 47th. In conducting the study, researchers used a discourse analysis approach Norman Fairclough. Fairclough focused discourse on language. Therefore, this analysis will focus on how it is formed and shaped the language of social relationships and social context. From this analysis, there are three points which were highlighted by researchers that democracy, state, and religious. Based on these three points, then the compass which in this case represented by the reporter had identified himself as part of the Muhammadiyah. In doing news about Muhammadiyah Congress, journalists tend to bring out the themes of good and using the words positive connotation. While in Congress proclaim the Nahdlatul Ulama, there was some news that gave rise to unfavorable theme of the NU and use words negative connotation.
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Hamdi, Bahrul, and Ayen Saputra. "TEORI HUKUM JA’FARIYAH (Analisis Historis Mazhab Fikih Ja’far As-Shadiq Dan Implikasinya Pada Produk Hukumnya)." ALHURRIYAH: Jurnal Hukum Islam (ALHURRIYAH JOURNAL OF ISLAMIC LAW) 3, no. 2 (2018): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.30983/alhurriyah.v3i2.749.
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<em>There are two major streams in Islam which up to now have a very significant influence in the Islamic community, namely the Shiite sect and the Ahlus Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah sect. Apart from differences in theological discourse, the differences between these two sects also touch the jurisdictions (fiqh). The most obvious differences in fiqh products, for example, appear in the permissibility of marriage if married (contract marriage). Some non-fundamental differences occur in other discourses, such as in prayer, azan, etc. This article intends to discuss legal theory that animates legal products in the Ja'fari school. The presence of Imam Ja'far in his capacity as a respected founder of the Ja'fari school, both Sunni and Shiite, will be discussed specifically in this paper. In addition, this article also discusses a number of fiqh Ja'fari products which may be fundamentally different from the Sunni fiqh products, including about khumus and mut'ah. The legal sources used in the Ja'fari school are not much different from the legal sources used in Sunni schools, which revolve around the Qur'an, Sunnah, Ijma', and Intellect. Although there is an understanding of the different definitions of the sources of the law, this does not indicate that Syi'ah and Sunni have different principles in determining the law.</em>
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Zawadzki, Andrzej. "Etyka, hermeneutyka i myśl słaba. Vattimo, Rovatti, Dal / Ethics, Hermeneutics , and ‘Weak Thought’: Gianni Vattimo, Pier Aldo Rovatti, Alessandro Dal Lago." Ruch Literacki 54, no. 2 (2013): 129–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10273-012-0060-9.
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Summary As ethics has acquired an increasingly prominent place in modern hermeneutics, this article attempts to show how ethical aspects of a broadly conceived process of interpretation function in the area of ‘weak thought’ (pensiero debole), which is one of the main developments - not just in Italy - in contemporary hermeneutics. A discussion of the concept of communication (crucial in the hermeneutic ethics of the founder of the ‘weak thought’ Gianni Vattimo, but no less significant in the work of Heidegger, Derrida and Gadamer) is followed by an examination of the contributions of Pier Aldo Rovatti and Alessandro Dal Lago. The latter have developed a distinctly ethical strand of ‘weak thought’ by concentrating on the issues of subjectivity (‘weakening’ of the subject as an ethical gesture) and language (ethical relinquishment of the quest for an absolutely clear and unequivocal manner of expression in favour of eg. metaphors, especially in philosophical discourse).
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KOSICKI, PIOTR H. "MASTERS IN THEIR OWN HOME OR DEFENDERS OF THE HUMAN PERSON? WOJCIECH KORFANTY, ANTI-SEMITISM, AND POLISH CHRISTIAN DEMOCRACY’S ILLIBERAL RIGHTS-TALK." Modern Intellectual History 14, no. 1 (2015): 99–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244314000857.
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Prior to World War II, the founder and key theorist of Poland's Christian Democratic movement—the Silesian political revolutionary Wojciech Korfanty—developed a sophisticated “Catholic rights-talk” in conversation with trends in Western European Catholic thought. In the wake of the Holocaust, however, both in ephemeral political opposition on Polish soil and in subsequent exile, Poland's Christian Democrats abandoned their interwar rights discourse. This essay explores that shift, locating its source in interwar Polish Catholic anti-Semitism. Given the Holocaust's perverse fulfillment of Polish Christian Democracy's crucial 1930s advocacy of restricting the political and economic life of Poland to rights-endowed Christians—necessitating the removal of Jewish “non-persons”—the Poles’ transnational postwar advocacy vacillated between Cold War cooperation with American-aligned governments and a desire to participate in the governance of a Poland that, even if Communist, had finally become a “nationally homogeneous state.”
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McLain, Karline. "Holy superheroine: a comic book interpretation of the Hindu Devī Māhātmya scripture." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 71, no. 2 (2008): 297–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x08000554.
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AbstractAmar Chitra Katha (Immortal Picture Stories) is India's leading comic book series, featuring hundreds of mythological titles about the Hindu gods. Founder Anant Pai initially eliminated all miracles, believing them to be unscientific interpolations. But while producing Tales of Durga (no. 176, 1978), he declared that the comic must be an “authentic” recreation of the Devī Māhātmya scripture, and that all miracles in the classical Sanskrit text must be faithfully rendered in the comic. This article examines the discourse of authenticity that surrounds the production of Tales of Durga in particular and this comic book series more generally. Through a careful reading of the Devī Māhātmya, content analysis of Tales of Durga, a consideration of the unique characteristics of the comic book medium, and interviews with comic book producers, this study provides insight into modern interpretations of the Devī Māhātmya and evolving Hindu attitudes towards the martial goddess Durga.
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Pilipey, O. V. "P. KULISH IN CREATIVE THINKING M. KHVILOVY AND M. ZEROV." Literary Studies, no. 59 (2020): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-6346.1(59).135-140.
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In the literary and artistic discourse of the 20–30’s of the XX century. Interest in P. Kulish is growing among literary scholars. It was in the 1920s that the archive of P. Kulish was transferred to the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, which became a serious documentary, source base for the study of works, literary-critical views, and outlook of this writer. P. Kulish is considered to be one of the first Europeanists of Ukrainian culture to lay the foundation for the modern modern culture of the 1920s. For example, G. Grabovych called P. Kulish a driving force and the founder of the newest Ukrainian intellectual, critical thought and those dimensions of national consciousness that underlie it, and a key figure in the formation of modern Ukrainian culture. He quite rightly noted about P. Kulish M. Dragomanov: “… one of the Ukrainophiles hits the point of world, human culture, which will lift our people”.
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DUNNING, DAVID E. "“ALWAYS MIXED TOGETHER”: NOTATION, LANGUAGE, AND THE PEDAGOGY OF FREGE'S BEGRIFFSSCHRIFT." Modern Intellectual History 17, no. 4 (2018): 1099–131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244318000410.
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Gottlob Frege is considered a founder of analytic philosophy and mathematical logic, but the traditions that claim Frege as a forebear never embraced his Begriffsschrift, or “conceptual notation”—the invention he considered his most important accomplishment. Frege believed that his notation rendered logic visually observable. Rejecting the linearity of written language, he claimed Begriffsschrift exhibited a structure endogenous to logic itself. But Frege struggled to convince others to use his notation, as his frustrated pedagogical efforts at the University of Jena illustrate. Teaching Begriffsschrift meant using words to explain it; rather than replacing spoken language, notation became its obverse in a bifurcated style of argument that separated deduction from commentary. Both registers of this discourse, however, remained within Frege's monologue, imposing a consequential passivity on his students. In keeping with Frege's visual understanding of notation, they learned by silently observing it, though never in isolation: notation and language were always mixed together.
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Karaçoban, Atanas, and Patricia Denisa Dita. "Painting, Poetry and the Interference of the Genres in English Art: The Case of William Blake." Border Crossing 10, no. 1 (2020): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/bc.v10i1.931.
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Throughout the history of Western culture and art, there are numerous examples of those who, in their creativity, went beyond the limits of a particular art, embarking instead on attempts to combine in one artistic discourse the practices of various arts, such as music and poetic text, drama and dance, literature and sculpture, literature and painting, and so on. One of these artists is William Blake, acclaimed as a major poet and painter of romanticism in English and world art. He is accredited as the founder of a whole new and original method of producing artistic works, called “illuminated printing”, which is a remarkable combination of poetic text, decoration, and picture. Apart from revealing Blake’s appurtenance to romantic tradition, the present study aims to present the specificity of his technique and, primary, to disclose the ways in which it combines the artistic practice of poetry with that of painting as to render and strengthen the meaning by mutually sustaining and illuminating each other.
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Shok, Nataliya. "From “Bioethics” to “Christian Bioethics”: Significance of H.T. Engelhardt’s Legacy in Today’s Russia." State Religion and Church in Russia and Worldwide 38, no. 4 (2020): 7–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2073-7203-2020-38-4-7-43.
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A perception of “Christian bioethics” developed by the American philosopher Hugo Tristram Engelhardt in Russia requires a systematic interdisciplinary analysis. This is due to the realities of medical practice, as well as cultural and historical differences between the Russian and American societies. In Russia, there are certain difficulties in the open discussion of ethical issues in the public sphere. However, the recently growing participation of the Orthodox Church in public debates on the issues of medicine and biotechnology produce a basis for a reception of Engelhardt’s Christian bioethics. This article presents an analysis of how Engelhardt’s academic carrier was connected to his personal transformation, and how a “logical positivist” and physician interested in genetics, through his studies of continental philosophy, history of medicine, Catholicism and bioethics, came up finally as a founder of Christian bioethics based on Eastern Christian Orthodoxy. This analysis is purposed to expand the theoretical discussion of moral dilemmas posed at the intersection of medicine, religion and philosophy within the Russian academic discourse.
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Waqar, Sajid, Anita Bilal Burki, and Musarrat Jahan. "Hidden Curriculum in Schools: A Comparison of Religious Otherness in Pakistani ELT Textbooks." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 1 (2019): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n1p194.
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The emphasis of this research was religious otherness depiction in high school English textbooks issued by four State controlled Pakistani textbook boards of i.e., BTB Quetta, STB Jamshoro, KTB Peshawar and PTB Lahore. It besets a broad contrast among the religious otherness descriptions as depicted in provincial ELT textbooks and the otherness related notions of their corresponding students. To achieve the goals, the study was alienated in 2 phases: In phase 1, the textbooks of government textbook publishing boards were investigated and in the second phase their corresponding readers&rsquo; religious otherness ideas were obtained and evaluated. The research devised a modified model of analysis by blending Van Dijk (1998) and Fairclough (2001) CDA model for interpretation and explanation of religious otherness in representative text extracted from textbooks&rsquo; discourse. The study discovered the prevalence of religious otherness- related themes in all ELT textbooks. It was also found that STB discourse had improved religious otherness images and students&rsquo; otherness ideas than other provincial textbook boards and their respective readers. The study also revealed that Muslim male and female students had peculiar otherness notions about minority religious communities. The readers&rsquo; responses to questionnaire items in phase 2 of research suggested that textbooks had a significant part in molding otherness related notions of young readers. The study recommended an otherness-based investigation of the textbooks prior to publication at federal government level to ensure citizenship equality as envisioned by founder of the nation.
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Isomae, Jun'ichi. "The discursive position of religious studies in Japan: Masaharu Anesaki and the origins of religious studies." Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 14, no. 1 (2002): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006802760198758.
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AbstractIn Japan today, the issue of religious cults is a frequent topic of discussion, particularly in the aftermath of the Aum Shinrikyo incident. However, at the time of the Aum incident, the views of scholars in religious studies were scarcely heeded. This can be attributed to the fact that for many people, religious studies was thought to lean too much toward a defense of religion. Focusing upon Masaharu Anesaki, the founder of religious studies in Japan, this article explores the fundamental characteristics of the discourse of religious studies as it has come down to the present day. It seeks to elucidate the close relationship of religious studies to the political situation in Japanese society during the Meiji period (1868-1912), and how this contributed to the development of the field. It further maintains that in conjunction with state policies for national education, the discourse of religious studies helped instantiate religion as an integral component of modern society, one defined particularly by the vacillation between individualism and nationalism. After World War II, there were few in Japan who would openly express admiration for nationalist ideology, but in religious studies a tendency toward nationalism remained evident in its yearning for the solidarity of religious groups and other kinds of communal bodies. Thus, even as its outward form underwent change, this tendency toward nationalism not only served as a defense of religion, but it also continued to uphold the existing discursive positionality of religious studies.
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Lim, Timothy C., and Changzoo Song. "Ideas, Discourse, and the Microfoundations of South Korea’s Diasporic Engagement: Explaining the Institutional Embrace of Ethnic Koreans Since the 1990s." International Journal of Korean History 26, no. 2 (2021): 41–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2021.26.2.41.
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This article endeavors to explain South Korea’s institutional turn to “diaspora engagement,” which began in earnest in the late 1990s. This shift can easily be attributed to instrumentalist calculations on the part of the South Korean state, i.e., as an effort to “tap into” or exploit the human and capital resources of ethnic Koreans living outside of the country. But instrumental calculations and interests, while significant and clearly proximate, were not the only nor necessarily the most important (causal) factors at play. Using a discursive institutional and microfoundational approach, we argue that underlying the institutional shift to diaspora engagement, was both an intentional and unintentional reframing of the Korean diaspora as “brethren” and “national assets,” a powerful discursive combination. This reframing did not come about automatically but was instead pushed forward by sentient or discursive agents, including Chŏng Chu-yŏng (the founder of Hyundai) and Yi Kwang-gyu, who was a Seoul National University professor and later the third president of the Overseas Koreans Foundation. Journalists, religious leaders and other activists within South Korea’s NGO community, as well as ethnic Koreans themselves, also played key roles as discursive agents in this reframing process. Central to our discursive institutional and microfoundational approach is the assertion that ideas and discourse were key causal factors in the institutional shift to South Korea’s engagement with the Korean diaspora.
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Tubalova, Inna V. "Dialectological Materials in the Archive of Alexander Grigoriev, the Founder of the Tomsk Dialectological School." Tekst. Kniga. Knigoizdanie, no. 24 (2020): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/23062061/24/5.
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The article presents an analytical description of the Siberian dialectological materials of the founder of the Tomsk Dialectological School Alexander Dmitrievich Grigoriev, a Russian ethnographer, historian, dialectologist, folklorist, and public figure. Grigoriev’s dialectological materials are records of the Russian Siberian dialect speech of the first third of the 20th century. They have practically not been described in the domestic studies and have not been introduced into the research discourse. Grigoriev’s research and teaching activities at Tomsk University are Siberian dialectological studies. He investigates the Russian dialects of Siberia, organizes expeditions and actively participates in them. The materials collected during these expeditions were the basis for further research of the Russian dialects of Siberia, which Grigoriev continued in Czechoslovakia. His personal handwritten and typewritten archival fund is stored in Prague. Part of Grigoriev’s Prague archive is housed in the Slavonic Library, a division of the National Library of the Czech Republic (Clementinum, Prague). It is here that the Siberian dialectological materials this article describes are located. The archive under study includes (1) several copies of the publication Program for Collecting Information Necessary for Compiling a Dialectological Map of the Russian Language in Siberia: North Great Russian and Middle Great Russian Dialects by A.D. Grigoriev, and (2) handwritten records of the speech of Siberians made during dialectological expeditions. The Program was analyzed for its content and the nature of handwritten notes, including researchers’ and respondents ones. The expedition materials were analyzed for the information they contain and for the organization of their recording. As a result, it has been revealed that Grigoriev’s dialectological materials consistently reflect the specifics of the research paradigm linguistics used at the origins of dialectological studies. The notes that are significant for the study can also be used for solving modern dialectological problems. The materials of the studied archive correspond to the initial stage of the formation of methods of field linguistics.
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Stevens, James. "Post Human Craft: A Humble Attempt to Reorient Makers to the Inevitable." Cubic Journal, no. 3 (November 2020): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31182/cubic.2020.3.029.
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Nearing the end of the second decade of the twenty-first century many craftspeople and makers are waking up to the inevitable reality that our next human evolution may not be the same, that this time it could be different. Klaus Schwab, Founder and Executive Chairman of the World Economic Forum refers to what we are beginning to experience as the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Schwab 2017, 01). Schwab and his colleagues believe that this revolution could be much more powerful and will occur in a shorter period than the preceding industrial and digital revolutions. This revolution will cause a profound change in how we practice, labour and orient ourselves in the world. Rapidly evolving technologies will proliferate the use of robotics and personalised robots (co-bots) that can sense our presence and safely work alongside us. Digital algorithms are already becoming more reliable predictors of complex questions in medicine and economics than their human counterparts. Therefore, the gap between what a computer can learn and solve and what a robot can do will quickly close in the craft traditions. This article will engage in the discourse of posthumanism and cybernetics and how these debates relate to craft and making. Intentionally this work is not a proud manifesto of positions, strategies, and guidelines required for greatness. Alternatively, it is a humble attempt to reorient makers to the necessary discourse required to navigate the inevitable changes they will face in their disciplines. Thus, the article seeks to transfer posthumanist literary understanding to intellectually position craft in the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
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Williams, Dana A., and Marissa K. López. "More Than a Fever: Toward a Theory of the Ethnic Archive." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 127, no. 2 (2012): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2012.127.2.357.
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During its 2008 annual meeting at mla headquarters, the committee on the literatures of people of color in the united states and Canada (CLPC) took up the question of archival work in the study of ethnic literatures. After much discussion of the various ways ethnic literatures are rendered “illiterate” or unreadable, the CLPC proposed a session titled “Practices of the Ethnic Archive” for the 2009 MLA Convention in Philadelphia. That session revealed, and for some of us confirmed, that scholarly discourse on the archive continues, for the most part, to ignore the ethnic archive as distinct from its white, European counterpart. Four of the five essays included here (Carr, Cruz, Kaufman, and Washburn) grew from the conversation the session engendered; the PMLA editorial board invited Nicolás Kanellos, founder and director of the project Recovering the U.S. Hispanic Literary Heritage, to participate in the discussion as well. We are grateful to the contributors for their insights about what the ethnic archive reveals and about the unintended consequences of applying to its holdings the theoretical practices informing archival studies writ large.
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Kabylinskii, B. V. "The Ideological Perspective of Modern Conflict Reality in a Closed Society: the North Korean Case." Discourse 6, no. 1 (2020): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2020-6-1-38-48.
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Introduction. Socio-philosophical studies of the patterns of conflict being in modern discourse need to be clarified from the point of ontology. The analysis of the conflict specifics of a closed society in an ideological perspective allows us to discover the ontological foundations of self-conflict. In order to empirically reinforce conflict research, the relationship of conflict and ideology should be considered on the basis of specific cases. North Korean sociocultural realities are among the most visible forms of a closed society in modern discourse and provide ample opportunity to comprehend the conflicting reality modeled by ideological tools of influencing the mass consciousness.Methodology and sources. Methodologically, the work is based on social and philosophical reflection based on direct observations in North Korea during a visit to Pyongyang in the autumn of 2016 and a content analysis of Russian literature acquired in North Korea (works by Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il, fundamental scientific works by North Korean scientists and periodicals of an ideological nature).Results and discussion. Ideology is understood as a variety of views and ideas transmitted to the subject with the goal of reorienting or keeping his perception in a certain mode of sociocultural reality. The subject's ideological programming in modern discourse claims to be a leader in the field of modeling sociocultural life in general and, in particular, the “conflict reality” cluster. The author analyzes the ideological foundations of North Korean conflict reality, laid down by the founder of the state, Kim Il Sung, and continued by his heir Kim Jong Il in the militarized Songun doctrine.Conclusion. On the base of study of the ideological aspects of conflict reality in the DPRK, it can be concluded that in a closed society, the ontological boundary between the real and the apparent in everyday life is eliminated. At the same time, a closed society with a paramilitary ideology meets the criteria for a successful development for a third world country, as embodied in globalist dogma.
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Falola, Toyin. "Yoruba Writers and the Construction of Heroes." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 157–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172023.
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In 1986 the University of Ife (later renamed Obafemi Awolowo University) unveiled a wood statue of Oduduwa, the mythical founder of the Yoruba nation. Present at the occasion was Chief Obafemi Awolowo, the most famous Yoruba politician of the twentieth century. Either for political gain, or to celebrate or praise him, an Ife intellectual told Chief Awolowo that the statue looked exactly like him and that, in trying to represent the image of Oduduwa, the carver, the highly distinguished Chief Lamidi Fakeye, had simply used Awolowo as a model.Chief Awolowo was very happy with this comparison, and gladly affirmed it. The story spread like wildfire. As the statue came to be interpreted, Awolowo and Oduduwa had the same physical build, elegance, and cap which they wore in the same style! Here indeed was the modern Oduduwa. To those in search of heroes, the Yoruba now had two “national” ones—Oduduwa, the progenitor and Awolowo, the modernizer—and a host of other aspiring and local ones. If Oduduwa founded the nation, Awolowo would unite it, after a period of internal division.Both in Yoruba popular and intellectual discourse, the hero commands prominent attention. The Yoruba appear to be seeking the equivalent of a Mahdi, the reformer in Islam, a cultural, folk, and political hero. The ambition of many Yoruba elite, especially the politician, is to become a hero of the nation. Many have tried in vain—men such as Chief Adisa Akinloye, a longtime veteran politician, and the Chairman of the National Party of Nigeria during the Second Republic, and, until recently, Chief M.K.O. Abiola, the business magnate and politician who was denied the presidency of the country by the military regime in collaboration with powerful civilians.
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Strang, Cameron B. "Measuring souls: Psychometry, female instruments, and subjective science, 1840–1910." History of Science 58, no. 1 (2019): 76–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0073275319847065.
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This essay focuses on the history of psychometry, the science of soul measuring. For its founder, Dr Joseph Rodes Buchanan, the soul was simultaneously an object for anthropological research and a measuring instrument capable of revealing human character, interpreting natural history, and demonstrating the reality of an immortal soul. Psychometry taught that human souls, especially those of women, were capable of acting as instruments because they could feel the mysterious energies that people and objects radiated. Although orthodox male scientists rejected the visions of sensitive women as the antithesis of reliable data, psychometric researchers believed that the feelings of women were both the instruments and information that made their science possible. Psychometry promised to revolutionize science by insisting that sympathy and subjectivity, not detachment and objectivity, ought to undergird research. Yet as male experimenters worked to prove psychometry’s effectiveness, they almost invariably cast themselves as detached observers accurately recording the data provided by their female instruments. Thus, despite pushing for scientific reform, the methods and discourse of male psychometric experimenters eroded their field’s core arguments about connectedness and subjectivity and, instead, reinforced the notion that detachment and objectivity were essential to legitimate science. Challenges to objectivity could prove just how thoroughly it dominated scientific discourse and practice. Still, some psychometers, particularly women who practiced at home, were untroubled by the fact that their research was predicated on subjective feelings, and psychometry remained a viable pursuit among spiritualists even as it faded from the realm of science. Psychometry emerged and, ultimately, fractured amid tensions between widespread enthusiasm for sciences that emphasized spiritual connectedness and the mounting pressure to legitimize scientific knowledge through the language and practices of objectivity.
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Seong, Haeyoung. "The Basis for Coexistence Found from within: The Mystic Universality and Ethicality of Donghak (東學, Eastern Learning)". Religions 11, № 5 (2020): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11050265.
Full textAbstract:
The rush of Western civilization, headed by Christianity, caused a considerable identity crisis in the 19th century Joseon dynasty. The founder of Donghak 東學, Suun Choe Je-u 水雲 崔濟愚, sought a way out of the crisis through religion. Suun contended that the religions of both east and west are grounded in the same Way of Heaven, and that it can be ascertained through an experience of mystical union induced by chanting a 21-character incantation. He also emphasized the importance of practicing this Way of Heaven in real life. According to him, the Western invasion is an act of selfishness, and goes against the Heavenly Way. The Heavenly Way is considered a foundation that enables communication and coexistence in a religiously diverse society. Despite the fact that his belief in the universality of the Heavenly Way is based on a personal experience—which is problematic to all mysticisms—Donghak provided a powerful discourse to deal with a variety of challenges of his time. In this age of religious pluralism, Suun’s universalism is significant in exploring the intellectual and spiritual foundation of the modern pluralistic thoughts of Korea.
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Thorpe, Benjamin J. "Eurafrica: A Pan-European Vehicle for Central European Colonialism (1923–1939)." European Review 26, no. 3 (2018): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798718000200.
Full textAbstract:
‘Eurafrica’, the continental-scale fusion of Europe and Africa into one political entity, was first developed as a political concept in the 1920s by the Pan-European Union, and named as such in a 1929 article by its founder and leader Richard Coudenhove-Kalergi. Within five years, this neologism had become a commonplace, as Eurafrica exploded across public political discourse. This paper unpacks what Eurafrica entailed in its original expression, what made it a useful concept for the Pan-European Union to employ, and what made it so appealing to a wider (European) public. It does so with particular reference to the way in which Eurafrica was presented as a means of opening up colonialism to those European states that lacked their own colonies. Partly, this meant appealing to German colonialists resentful at the stripping of Germany’s colonies at Versailles. Crucially, however, it also meant appealing to the broader ‘historical injustices’ that meant that Central European countries did not have access to colonies, and promising a future in which these intra-European ‘injustices’ could be transcended and Central Europeans could thus become equal partners in Europe’s mission civilisatrice in Africa.
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Protsyk, Iryna. "Ivan Bobersky as the creator of the Ukrainian football terminology in Halychyna." Ukrainska mova, no. 1 (2021): 75–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrmova2021.01.075.
Full textAbstract:
This article analyzes the football terms proposed for use in the Ukrainian football discourse by a well-known public figure, the founder of the national physical education and sports tradition Ivan Bobers’kyi. Emphasis is placed on the basic approach of Bobers’kyi to the development of the Ukrainian football terminology – the search for specific equivalents to foreign names (se-mantic derivation) and the creation of terms on national grounds (morphological and syntactic word formation), which would be clear to the general public, easily perceived and assimilated. The most important thematic groups of football vocabulary used by Bobers’kyi in his text-book Zabavy i Hry Rukhovi. Chast III. Kopanyi Miach (Entertainments and Moving Games) have been singled out. The content of these groups of names is demonstrated through a series of syno-nyms to outline a special concept at the initial stage of term formation. Also, modern analogues to the football terms of the early 20th century, unknown today to both football fans and profes-sionals and linguists, are presented. It is argued that the football terminology suggested by Bo-bers’kyi in the first Ukrainian football textbook Kopanyi Miach (Football) proved successful in the creation of the names of football concepts on a national basis. In fact, there are more Ukrai-nian names in all the thematic groups of football vocabulary used by the author in this manual than borrowings, barbarisms, and hybrid names found in the text. Bobers’kyi did not copy foot-ball terminology used in other European languages but searched for a verbal definition for foot-ball concepts trying to preserve the spirit of the native language. In an effort to demonstrate the richness of his native language and its word-formation potential, Bobers’kyi coined the Ukrai-nian term for football kopanyi miach (a kicked ball) – a term that most accurately conveys the dy-namics of the football game itself. It is emphasized that Ukrainians owe to Bobers’kyi not only the dissemination of informa-tion about football but also the beginning of the Ukrainian football discourse in the native lan-guage and the creation of football terminology on a national basis. Keywords: football discourse, Ukrainian football terminology, Ivan Bobers’kyi, native terms, loan-words.