Academic literature on the topic 'Discourse-historical approach to CDA'
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Journal articles on the topic "Discourse-historical approach to CDA"
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Abidin, Nur Fatah, Hermanu Joebagio, and Sariyatun Sariyatun. "Penilaian Pembelajaran Sejarah Konstruktivistik: Pendekatan Critical Discourse Analysis." Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (August 11, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26523/yupa.v1i1.13.
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This paper discusses about the assessment in the historical learning based on the constructivism paradigm and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach. CDA approach consists of in-depth analysis, includes linguistic, social, and cultural analysis. Three related layers of a dynamic analysis compose the CDA: (1) analysis of the text, (2) analysis of the practice of discursive, and (3) analysis of social practices. In the context of the historical learning based on constructivism paradigm, the third layer used to assess the development of the system and the structure of the thinking of learners. CDA approach used to analyze and assess the work of learners. The work of learners that analyzed by the CDA approach is descriptive test. In the learning process, CDA needs a rubric based on the discourse analysis and the level of development of thinking learners. Based on the results of the research, the CDA used to assess the historical learning process, particularly in the constructivism paradigm. The learning assessment expected to be an alternative assessment, which is not only quantitatively assessing the student knowledge, but also to measure the development of the system and the structure of the thinking of learners.
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Omar, Abdulfattah, Wafya Ibrahim Hamouda, and Mohammed Aldawsari. "A Discourse-Historical Approach to Populism in the Right-Wing Discourse on Immigration." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n3p151.
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This study is concerned with investigating the implications of the new nationalist and populist discourse of the far right-wing movements to immigration in different Arab countries, with a focus on Egypt, Lebanon, and Jordan. For this purpose, the study is based on a corpus of different genres, including political speeches, newspaper articles, as well as social media posts and comics. Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is used in order to explore speakers’ ideologies and how rhetoric and discursive strategies are employed to influence public opinion and persuade citizens about certain views and policies and even prompt them to take the desired action. Results indicate that the new nationalist and populist discourse adopted by different politicians and far right-wing parties and movements have negative impact on the rights of migrants and refugees in Arab countries. Migrants and refugees are used as scapegoats for political gains. They are blamed for all social, economic, and political challenges and crises these countries are suffering today. Right-wing movements are embedding some hidden ideologies in their political discourse that are related to the hate and rejection of migrants and refugees. It can also be concluded that the increasing popularity of anti-immigration movements and radical right-wing political leaders hint at the influence of the nationalist and populist discourse on the public opinion in their countries. Populist discourse has led to fear and rejection of the “Other”, and even to racist acts and xenophobia.
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Farid Khafaga, Ayman. "Discourse Interpretation: A Deconstructive, Reader-oriented Approach to Critical Discourse Analysis." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 6, no. 2 (January 4, 2017): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.2p.138.
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This paper is based on the premise that discourse is always under the influence of different ideological readings which not only formulate its meaning but inspire various interpretations as well; hence, it needs a theoretical cover that could justify its multiplicity of meaning. This paper, therefore, discusses the possibility of introducing a deconstructive, reader-oriented approach (DRA) to Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) as a model of discourse interpretation. The paper tries to appraise the theoretical framework of CDA and to offer an overview of the fundamental propels of its interpretative task in the light of two poststructuralist literary theories: the deconstruction theory and the reception theory. The paper also endeavours to emphasize the deconstructive nature of CDA by shedding lights on its relationship with the above mentioned theories. The conclusion drawn from this paper shows that introducing a deconstructive, reader-oriented approach to CDA is relevant to the latter's interpretative nature enough to diminish a part of the criticism levelled against its interpretative framework concerning plurality of meaning; and to establish some sort of exoneration for its theoretical shortcomings. The paper recommends that DRA will bridge the gap between theory and practice as it offers a theoretical base to discourse which could advocate its critiques regarding diversity of interpretation.Keywords: Critical discourse analysis, deconstructive, reader-oriented approach, deconstructionism, interpretation, responsiveness
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Al-Khazraji, Nidaa Hussain Fahmi. "Insights into CDA: Socio-cognitive Cultural Approach." International Journal of English Linguistics 8, no. 2 (December 23, 2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v8n2p115.
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The overall purpose of the study is to make visible various aspects of CDA. It presents various approaches to discourse analysis and critical discourse analysis to justify the adoption of certain models over others. A general theoretical account of the various influential approaches to the text will be presented first, followed by a critical approach next to arrive at their range of usefulness as a means to an end. Besides the absence of a general terminological consensus among text linguists, the fact is that there is no one generally accepted theory of discourse analysis that undertakes to provide the complete analysis of texts. While all text analysts acknowledge the fact that a text has structure, coherence, function, organisation, character and development, their approaches differ as to how each of these properties is realised and mutually related to other properties, hence the advantages of the eclectic approach which provides for the necessary step of integrating a variety of compatible systems of discourse analysis whenever these are found useful and adaptable to the requirements of each study. Such an approach, while lessening the problems of indeterminacy and partiality, remains just one model yielding one specific interpretation. However, variation in interpretations is resorvable and can ultimately be made definitive given a text and the same vital background information and approache(s).
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Ali, Ameer, and Mohammad Ibrahim Mohammad Ibrahim. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of Donald Trump’s Inaugural Address in 2017." International Journal of Linguistics and Translation Studies 1, no. 1 (May 2, 2020): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36892/ijlts.v1i1.10.
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The current research work is a critical discourse analysis of Donald Trump's Inaugural Address (2017). The researcher has made use of Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Model (2004) to study the inaugural address. Moreover, the current research work is qualitative in its approach and analysis, as it answers the research questions in accordance with Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Model (2004). Furthermore, research design used in this research is both descriptive and explanatory; and, it also contains purposive sampling as a data collection method. Although much CDA research has been already carried out on Trump’s speeches, the current research studies Trump’s speech in the context of history and power using Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Model (2004). The researcher has focused lexical and syntactic items in Trump’s speech. Besides, the researcher has found out that power relations, historical norms, ideological constraints, and American values have played a significant role in the discursive construction of Trump’s Inaugural address (2017). Finally, the current research convincingly achieves its objectives and answers its questions.
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Al-Radhi, Hanan. "Strategic Functions in CNN’s Media Discourse An Ideological Strategy To Win People’s Support A Critical Discourse Analysis Study." International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature 9, no. 3 (May 31, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.9n.3p.43.
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The present study investigates the possibility of utilizing the four strategic functions of political discourse initiated by Chilton and Schaffner (1997) to analyze media discourse. The paper is concerned with how Cable News Network (CNN) employs the four strategic functions within its media discourse to convey its media message to its readers, reflecting the concept of ‘Self’ and ‘Other’. Hence, this research contributes to the realization of strategic functions notion in media discourse, in general, CNN’s news discourse, in particular, by analyzing presupposition and the hidden ideologies behind. It seeks to answer the following question: Can strategic functions be established and utilized within the media discourse to convey ideological media message to the recipients? van Dijk’s theory of Ideological Square (1998) will be utilized to clarify CNN’s presentation of positive ‘Self’ and negative ‘Other’ (in and out groups). Wodak’s historical discourse approach for CDA (2009) will be integrated to provide the readers with the needed background information to understand the text. Fairclough’s 2-dimentional approach for CDA (1995) will be employed to organize the process of analysis. The linguistic analysis of CNN’s news text that concerns with Arab-spring Yemen approves that the strategic functions concept can be detected within media discourse.
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Khan, Fouzia Rehman, Sumaira Shafiq, and Ayaz Qadeer. "The Autobiographic Discursive Construction of Immigrant Identity: A Discourse Historical Analysis of 'My Life's Journey'." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. IV (December 31, 2019): 324–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-iv).42.
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The present critical discourse study explores the discursive construction of immigrant identity of Mohajir/Urdu Speaking people in Pakistan through the analysis of an autobiographic discourse in the form of My Lifes Journey by Altaf Hussain. Discourse Historical Approach of CDA serves as the theoretical and analytical framework for this study. This framework is based on themes and discursive strategies. The analysis of the selected discourse reveals that the interview based autobiography of the political figure is based on the recurring theme of political transformation and reconstruction of immigrant identity. The discourse is also constituted of several discursive strategies; the most prevalent ones are those of victimization, topos of history, topos of definition and positive self and negative other presentation. The autobiographical discourse highlights the transformational phases the immigrant identity of Mohajirs has gone through. The readers of this discourse under analysis often encounter terms like parochial difference, biased attitudes, and discrimination.
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Mullet, Dianna R. "A General Critical Discourse Analysis Framework for Educational Research." Journal of Advanced Academics 29, no. 2 (February 20, 2018): 116–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1932202x18758260.
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Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is a qualitative analytical approach for critically describing, interpreting, and explaining the ways in which discourses construct, maintain, and legitimize social inequalities. CDA rests on the notion that the way we use language is purposeful, regardless of whether discursive choices are conscious or unconscious. CDA takes a number of different approaches and incorporates a variety of methods that depend on research goals and theoretical perspectives. This methodological guide presents a general CDA analytic framework and illustrates the application of that framework to a systematic literature review of CDA studies in education. CDA research studies are no less likely than other forms of scholarly research to reproduce ideological assumptions; qualitative rigor and trustworthiness are discussed.
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Assaiqeli, Aladdin. "Palestine in UN Discourse: A Critical Discourse Analysis." Journal for the Study of English Linguistics 8, no. 1 (October 8, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jsel.v8i1.15596.
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This paper examines UN resolutions 242 and 338 to find whether these two milestone texts of UN discourse on the Palestine Question, taken as the basis for “the establishment of a just and lasting peace in the Middle East,” genuinely and practically work towards an amicable solution to this prolonged problem, this almost century-long unequal conflict. The study seeks to find out whether such UN discourse is linguistically structured to achieve such an end; with the ultimate goal being offering us “the possibility that we might profitably conceive the world in some alternative way” (Fowler, 1981 cited in Jaworski & Coupland, 1999, p. 33) as is the case with any discourse study that adopts ‘critical’ goals. The study therefore employs Ruth Wodak’s Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) — an approach within the pluralistic framework of CDA. The findings show that temporisation of the Palestine Question has been an indirect result of the bad faith and linguistic manipulation of the powerful forces; that the way these discourses are structured is responsible for perpetuating rather than ending Israeli occupation. So rather than redressing the ethnic cleansing of Palestine and ending Israeli occupation as the core of the Palestine Question, UN discourse is found to protract the status quo — the consolidation of Israeli power and expansionism.
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Rafiah, Siti. "Understanding CDA: Histories, Remembering, And Futures." Script Journal: Journal of Linguistic and English Teaching 3, no. 2 (October 13, 2018): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24903/sj.v3i2.170.
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The aim of this library research article is trying to give us a deep understanding of what Critical Discourse Analysis is. The article starts with a discussion of the origin of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), then exploring interdisciplinary based on the theory proposed by Fairclough renowned expert in DA field, in the last part of the article discussed the principles of CDA form Fairclough point of view. The present article uses a descriptive qualitative approach from reputable references which is relevant to the topics.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Discourse-historical approach to CDA"
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Ko, Wing-shum, and 高穎森. "The Asian American voice: a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach to rap lyrics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46960235.
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Rapping has long been used by people who are from the margin of society as a way to give a voice (Campbell, 2005; Ibrahim, 1999). As a member of the marginalized group and as the first and only Asian who claimed a seven-time victory on Freestyle Friday on Black Entertainment Television (BET), Jin Au-Yeung has received a noticeable amount of attention. At the same time, he has faced a lot of unfavourable experience as an Asian rapper in American society. This study employs Fairclough’s (1989) model of CDA approach to find out how Jin constructs his identity and establishes his ideology through his lyrics, and how his construction of identity and establishment of ideology reflect the social practice in American society. Fifteen songs written by Jin were chosen for the analysis according to the three interrelated stages in CDA: description, interpretation and explanation. Results show that Jin constructs his personal identities as a professional rapper and as a Chinese American and establishes his ideology of having one human nation despite the difference in races through his rap lyrics. These are achieved through the co-occurrence of “I” and “to be”, and promoted through the use of rhyming and code-switching. It was also interpreted that Jin’s personal identities and ideology are shaped through the social ideology on Asian Americans, which is probably reflected through the social practice in American society.published_or_final_version
Applied English Studies
Master
Master of Arts in Applied Linguistics
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Hargan, Janine M. "Mental ill health in nursing and midwifery education : a critical discourse analysis." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15925.
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Students diagnosed with long-term mental health conditions have been the focus of policy development for over a decade. Student mental health is on the increase and universities are legally obliged to make reasonable adjustments for disabled students. Therefore it is crucial that nursing and midwifery education provides an inclusive learning environment, while maintaining fitness to practice standards. The focus of this study was to explore how discourses of mental health, reasonable adjustments and fitness standards influence nursing and midwifery education for students with a mental health condition. Principles of Wodak’s (2001) critical discourse analysis approach, which gives prominence to dominant discourses, their justifications and persuasive nature was utilised. Ten key written texts and 23 semi-structured interviews with students, lecturers and clinical mentors were conducted to acquire the constructions of mental health, reasonable adjustments and fitness requirements. The findings show that the dominant discourses attributed to students experiencing mental ill health were around medicine, difference and blame, all of which reinforced mental health stigma. In addition, mental health discourses within both verbal and written texts were not underpinned by disability discourses, allowing the exclusion of students who disclose mental ill health from accessing reasonable adjustments. In conclusion, students considered to have a mental health label faced discriminatory barriers and legislative and regulatory requirements of equality were not implemented.
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Gourpil, Geraldine. "Discursive representation of the migrant crisis in two UK broadsheets during the summer of 2015 : Approaching newspaper discourse from a corpus-based and critical discourse analytical perspective." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-25484.
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By linguistically examining 162 articles published during the summer of 2015 in two UK broadsheets: The Guardian (TG) and The Daily Telegraph (TDT), this essay aims to analyse the discursive representation of the ‘migrant crisis’. To do so, the representation of the social actors migrating (SAM) during the ‘crisis’ was focused on. A combined Corpus Linguistic (CL) and Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach was implemented to investigate the most frequently used terms to refer to the SAM. Once the terms were found, their usage across the corpora was examined by looking at frequency distributions. Next, collocates of the terms referring to SAM were analysed by way of Van Leeuwen’s (2008) Social Actor Network. Collocate and concordance analyses helped to show how the SAM were represented in the articles and how the representation varied across the two newspapers. The results of the analyses indicated that the most frequent terms used to refer to the SAM were migrant, people and refugee. It also indicated differences in connotations of those three words, with refugee ‘sympathetically’ connoted, migrant negatively connoted and people connoted both negatively and positively. The overall conclusion was that the SAM’s representation was more ‘sympathetic’ in TG than in TDT.
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Slavickova, Tess. "The rhetoric of American Memorial Day : a discourse historical approach." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.578271.
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This thesis works with the discourse historical approach (DHA) as the primary framework for the diachronic analysis of a corpus of commemorative speeches by United States presidents at the annual Memorial Day event. The study integrates micro-text and narrative analysis with study of parallel co-texts (especially the Gettysburg address), and seeks to align these with the context provided by social, cultural and historical rituals. I have sought to demonstrate the means by which speakers seek to use Memorial Day in their politolinguistic repertoire to secure a self-serving, legitimizing 'common ground' that elevates the normative value of war in preference to alternative peace-oriented discourses. In addition to analysis of legitimizing strategies, I focus on aesthetic or poetic rhetorical devices typical in the Memorial Day text," and demonstrate their important function in reinforcing and maintaining collective attitudes to memory and history. American Memorial Day thus serves as a case study for the exploration of discourses that perpetuate and legitimize war as activity that is necessary and integral to historical 'progress'.
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Conner, Angelo C. "An historical approach to physics instruction." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1070.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Education
Education
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Kadlecová, Veronika. "Propaganda in International Relations: A Case Study of the Russian-Ukrainian Conflict." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-202088.
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The thesis identifies and further examines the role of propaganda in the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, more specifically in the period around the annexation of the Crimean peninsula by the Russian Federation in March 2014. Critical discourse analysis is employed in order to analyse selected speeches of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, and the President of the United States of America, Barack Obama, relevant to the topic and in the period under investigation. The first chapter introduces a theoretical framework on propaganda in international relations, its definition, history and research. The methodology is described in detail in the second chapter. The historical context of the conflict is provided at the beginning of the empirical part of the thesis closely followed by a detailed analysis of the selected speeches. The findings support the prediction that there is a presence of propaganda identified within the speeches of both political leaders, thus in the conflict itself, and offer valuable insights into the hidden meanings and possible motives behind its use. The study advances our understanding of the phenomenon and helps us to expose and confront propaganda further.
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El, Nakkouzi Rania. "Legitimating past actions through strategic manoeuvring : a framework for integrating the discourse-historical approach and pragma-dialectics." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/88530/.
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This thesis is mainly interested in the legitimation of controversial past actions and/ or decisions. The thesis examines the discursive means used to regain legitimacy in contexts of controversy. The thesis approaches Hassan Nasrallah’s argumentative discourse from an interdisciplinary perspective. It, therefore, proposes a model for incorporating pragmadialectics into the analytical toolkit of the Discourse-Historical Approach (DHA). Moreover, insights from cognitive pragmatics, in particular research related to epistemic vigilance, are incorporated into the model. The main objective of the model is to investigate the construction of in/out-groups through carrying out argumentative analysis. To this end, four speeches delivered by Nasrallah at moments of heightened controversy are analysed based on the proposed model and the procedural steps for implementation. The findings are then discussed in order to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed model and Nasrallah’s retrospective argumentation.
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Fujimura, Tomoko. "A Multimodal Discourse Analysis of Student Explanations in Content and Language Integrated Learning." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/494247.
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Teaching & LearningEd.D.
This study was an investigation of students’ explanations of disciplinary knowledge in content and language integrated learning (CLIL). In recent years, an increased interest in teaching content subjects in a foreign language (FL) has brought a growing body of research on CLIL (e.g., Dalton-Puffer, 2007; Llinares, Morton, & Whittaker, 2012), which has yielded valuable insights into CLIL classroom discourse. However, there is a paucity of studies that examined the development of student discourse in CLIL settings because most of existing CLIL research draws on large-scale corpus data and cross-sectional data. Thus, I investigated the processes in which students engaged with disciplinary knowledge and discourse in this case study. The participants included 25 students enrolled in a 15-week content-based English course on sociolinguistics at a Japanese university and a teacher who taught the course. In the sociolinguistics course, the students conducted a group research project in which they carried out sequenced tasks: writing and revising a research proposal, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings in oral and written forms. Data were collected in the sociolinguistics course through class observations, video-recordings of the lessons, seven focal students’ group work and oral presentations, and interviews with the focal students and the teacher. Moreover, written reports by the focal students were collected. Informed by a sociocognitive approach to second language acquisition (SLA) (Atkinson, 2002; Atkinson, Churchill, Nishino, & Okada, 2007), a multimodal interaction analysis was conducted on explanations of disciplinary knowledge in the instructional and student discourses. Data analysis suggested that content knowledge was represented at various degrees of abstraction in the textbook and teacher explanations (e.g., specific examples, decontextualized propositional claims). Moreover, the teacher drew on multimodal resources including gestures, body movement, and slides to make dense academic knowledge accessible to the students. Regarding student discourse in group work, the focal students flexibly coordinated diverse semiotic resources including talk, written texts, and gestures, which enabled them to appropriate content knowledge and advance their discussion. In this process, their explanations of disciplinary knowledge tended to change from descriptive ones to complex ones. In the oral presentations, the students made the structure of their explanations explicit and represented disciplinary knowledge at various degrees of abstraction (e.g., specific linguistic behaviors, sociolinguistic interpretations). In the question and answer sessions that followed the oral presentations, the teacher interactionally provided feedback, which likely led some students to produce more discipline-appropriate explanations (e.g., elaborated content, increased precision). Although there was a variation among the students, the written reports exhibited the increased use of metadiscourse markers including hedges, which likely resulted in careful explanations of propositional knowledge. These findings suggest that diverse discursive contexts afforded by sequenced tasks and access to varied semiotic resources can facilitate the appropriation of content knowledge by students and support the formulation of context-specific and discipline-appropriate explanations.
Temple University--Theses
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Norstad, Lille Kirsten. "Nineteenth-Century Travel Writing and the Nuclearization of the American Southwest: A Discourse Analytic Approach to W.W.H. Davis's El Gringo New Mexico and Her People." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145450.
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Travel narratives of the nineteenth century frequently became vehicles for colonialist discourse, strategically representing the Other(s) in order to justify their subjugation, and their land as a site of opportunity. W.W.H. Davis's travel narrative, El Gringo: New Mexico and Her People (1857) was no exception. This dissertation begins by arguing that we need to read El Gringo as a rhetorical text, that Davis's objective in portraying both the land and the people was to represent New Mexico as inherently "disponible," a term used by Mary Louise Pratt to indicate "available for capitalist improvement." Working from this assertion, I use the methodology of the Discourse-Historical Approach developed by Martin Reisigl and Ruth Wodak to explore the development of racialized constructions of New Mexican identity, their ideological relationship to "disponibility," and how these constructs have been reproduced intertextually through discourse. As accepted beliefs concerning the state, they continue to be recontextualized in new situations, notably to justify the disproportionate location of nuclear weapons-related industries, waste, and research activities within the state. Just as Davis and other earlier writers had used words such as "barren," "isolated," "unpopulated," and "wasteland," to rationalize the US presence, US government officials used these very terms a century later to argue that New Mexico was the location-of-choice for building and testing the first nuclear weapon. I argue that a direct discursive connection exists between the US colonization of New Mexico in 1846 and its nuclear colonization in 1942. As part of the ongoing legacy of colonialism, the language used to justify New Mexico's nuclear burden has marginalized the state's original inhabitants, diminishing their land rights and creating situations of environmental racism, such as the Church Rock incident on the Navajo Reservation. In some cases, Native Americans and Nuevomexicanos were "disappeared" from the discourse entirely, as with several Pueblo communities living adjacent to the site of the Manhattan Project. Dialectically, the nuclear colonization of New Mexico has transformed Manifest Destiny as well, reconfiguring its initial purpose to ensure US hegemony internally, to the ability of the US to maintain nuclear hegemony worldwide.
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Gahan, Deborah. "In Search of a Childhood Landscape : Historical Narratives From a Queensland Kindergarten 1940-1965." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16288/.
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This dissertation details the study of the influences of historical discourses of early childhood on the recalled experiences of children, parents and teachers in a Queensland kindergarten between 1940 and 1965. The study investigates the interweaving of discourses of childhood and recounted experiences of kindergarten, drawing on the view that "different discursive practices produce different childhoods, each and all of which are 'real' within their own regime of truth" (James & Prout, 1997, p.26). The study builds a case for using an interpretive/constructionist historical approach to reframe the recounted narratives of those present in an historical kindergarten landscape, particularly the narratives of those who were children in that landscape. To date, historical studies of early childhood education in Australia have largely focused on "big picture" issues of policy, practice and training, rather than on investigating and documenting the lived experiences of children and adults in particular early childhood contexts and historical eras. In contrast, this study takes a micro-history approach, focusing on one early childhood setting in a way that Mills & Mills (2000, p.165) argue enables the "complexity and richness of the big picture to be understood". Reiger (1993) suggests that growing interest in the social construction of childhood has increased awareness of "the agency of children as contributors to interpretations ... of their development" (p.4).While participants in my study look back on childhoods lived in a past era, their interpretations and feelings about events and practices that they observed and experienced as children at kindergarten provide a valuable perspective on the discourses which framed their childhoods. Findings from this study have the potential to broaden understandings of the impact on children of pedagogical approaches to early childhood education, and deepen awareness of the meaning of childhood at particular points in time.
Books on the topic "Discourse-historical approach to CDA"
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Israeli peace discourse: A cultural approach to CDA. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.
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Ethics and biblical narrative: A literary and discourse-analytical approach to the story of Josiah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
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Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.
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What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, the volume opens with a brief historical account of the formation of the academic discourse on shamans. Within the theoretical framework offered by critical discourse analysis and by means of multi-sited ethnographic research, it then weaves together different case studies: three novels by Taguchi Randy, a manga, a TV series and the case of an urban shaman who is mostly active in Tokyo. The main elements emerging from these case studies are explored by situating them in the precise historical and social context within which the discourse has been developed. This shows that the new discourse analysed shares several characteristics with the more ‘traditional’ and accepted discourses on shamanism, while at the same time differing in certain respects. In this work, particular attention is given to how the category and term ‘shaman’ is defined, used and re-negotiated in the Japanese metropolitan context. Through this approach, the book aims to further problematize the categories of ‘shaman’ and ‘shamanism’, by highlighting certain aspects that are not yet accepted by many scholars, even though they constitute a discourse that is relevant and effective.
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Reisigl, Martin. Critical Discourse Analysis. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0004.
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Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has entered the mainstream of linguistic and social science research with a strong transdisciplinary orientation and social engagement. This chapter introduces six variants of CDA: (1) Fairclough’s approach, which is strongly social theoretically embedded and informed by systemic functional linguistics; (2) van Leeuwen’s and Kress’s social semiotic and systemic functional approach; (3) van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach; (4) the form of CDA promoted by the Duisburg Group around S. and M. Jäger, who keenly draw on Foucault’s approach to discourse analysis and Link’s discourse theory; (5) the Oldenburg approach, which is upheld by Gloy, Januschek, and others; and (6) the “Viennese” and “Lancaster” traditions of CDA, often termed the “discourse historical approach” and sometimes “discourse sociolinguistics.”
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Alberto, Rosa, Valsiner Jaan, and Conference for Socio-Cultural Research (1st : 1992 : Madrid, Spain), eds. Historical & theoretical discourse. Madrid: Fundación Infancia y Aprendizaje, 1994.
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O’Rourke, Michael. Comparing Methods for Cross-Disciplinary Research. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.23.
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The methods of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research (hereafter, “cross-disciplinary research” or CDR) are “fragmented”, that is, distributed in unconnected ways across the intellectual landscape. Fragmentation results in inefficiency, which motivates systematic organization of methods. Systematic organization has value for both cross-disciplinary practitioners and theorists since it structures thinking about the range of variables that shape CDR, enhancing efficiency and prospects for project success. “Comparing Methods for Cross-Disciplinary Research” contributes a comparative, philosophical perspective to the systematic organization of CDR methods. After a brief historical review, the chapter analyzes and illustrates CDR methods. A comparative assessment of CDR methods is then presented that surveys a sample of prominent approaches to the organization of CDR methods before describing an alternate approach. The chapter closes with a discussion of outstanding challenges for those interested in comparing and organizing cross-disciplinary methods.
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Choueiri, Youssef M. Arab Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0025.
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This chapter traces the principal historiographical developments in the Arab world since 1945. It is divided into two major parts. The first part deals with the period extending from 1945 to 1970. During this period the discourse of either socialism or nationalism permeated most historical writings. The second part presents the various attempts made to decolonize, rewrite, or theorize history throughout the Arab world. The chapter then shows how in the various states of the Arabic world—some but not all of which have become fundamentalist Islamic regimes—Western models continued to be followed, though often with a more explicitly socialist approach than would be the case in America or Western Europe. By the 1970s, well before the shake-up of radical Islamicization that has dominated the past quarter-century, the entire Arabic world began to push hard against the dominance of residual Western colonial history.
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de Luna, Kathryn M. Scales and Units. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0011.
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This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.
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Vandrei, Martha. Queen Boudica and Historical Culture in Britain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816720.001.0001.
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This innovative and distinctive book takes a long chronological view and a wide-ranging, interdisciplinary approach. It is the definitive work on the posthumous reputation of the ever-popular warrior queen of the Iceni, Queen Boadicea/Boudica. It explores her presence in British historical discourse, from the early modern rediscovery of the works of Tacitus to the first historical films of the early twentieth century. In doing so, the book seeks to demonstrate the continuity and persistence of historical ideas across time and throughout a variety of media. This focus on continuity leads into an examination of the nature of history as a cultural phenomenon and the implications this has for our own conceptions of history and its role in culture more generally. While providing contemporary contextual readings of Boudica’s representations, this book also explores the unique nature of historical ideas as durable cultural phenomena, articulated by very different individuals over time, all of whom were nevertheless engaged in the creative process of making history. Thus this book presents a challenge to the axioms of cultural history, new historicism, and other mainstays of twentieth- and twenty-first-century historical scholarship. It shows how, long before professional historians sought to monopolize historical practice, audiences encountered visions of past ages created by antiquaries, playwrights, poets, novelists, and artists, all of whom engaged with, articulated, and even defined the meaning of ‘historical truth’. This book argues that these individual depictions, variable audience reactions, and the abiding notion of history as truth constitute the substance of historical culture.
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Pioske, Daniel. Memory in a Time of Prose. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649852.001.0001.
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Memory in a Time of Prose investigates a deceptively straightforward question: what did the biblical scribes know about times previous to their own? To address this question, the following study focuses on matters pertaining to epistemology, or the sources, limits, and conditions of knowing that would have shaped biblical stories told about a past that preceded the composition of these writings by a generation or more. The investigation that unfolds with these interests in mind consists of a series of case studies that compare biblical references to an early Iron Age world (ca. 1175–830 BCE) with a wider constellation of archaeological and historical evidence unearthed from the era in which these stories are set. What this approach affords is the opportunity to examine the relationship between the past disclosed through these historical traces and that past represented within the biblical narrative, thus bringing to light meaningful details concerning the information drawn on by Hebrew scribes for the prose narratives they created. The results of this comparative endeavor are insights into an ancient world of oral, living speech that informed biblical storytelling, where knowledge about the past was elicited more through memory and word of mouth than through a corpus of older narrative documents. For those Hebrew scribes who first set down these stories in prose writing, the means for knowing a past and the significance attached to it were, in short, wed foremost to the faculty of remembrance.
Book chapters on the topic "Discourse-historical approach to CDA"
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Hart, Christopher. "Moving beyond metaphor in the cognitive linguistic approach to CDA." In Critical Discourse Studies in Context and Cognition, 171–92. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dapsac.43.09har.
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Charteris-Black, Jonathan. "The Discourse-Historical Approach." In Analysing Political Speeches, 123–52. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-36833-1_6.
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Nakamura, Momoko. "Historical Discourse Approach to Japanese Women's Language." In The Handbook of Language, Gender, and Sexuality, 378–95. Hoboken, US: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118584248.ch19.
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Hackert, Stephanie. "A discourse-historical approach to the English native speaker." In World Englishes – Problems, Properties and Prospects, 385–406. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/veaw.g40.23hac.
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Boukala, Salomi. "(Re)Introducing the Aristotelian Topos/Topoi in the Discourse Historical Approach: Key Methodological Concepts." In European Identity and the Representation of Islam in the Mainstream Press, 85–125. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93314-6_4.
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Larbi, Isaac, Clement Nyamekye, Fabien C. C. Hountondji, Gloria C. Okafor, and Peter Rock Ebo Odoom. "Climate Change Impact on Climate Extremes and Adaptation Strategies in the Vea Catchment, Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_95-1.
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AbstractClimate change impact on rainfall and temperature extreme indices in the Vea catchment was analyzed using observation and an ensemble mean of bias-corrected regional climate models datasets for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5) scenario. Rainfall extreme indices such as annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT), extremely wet days (R99P), consecutive wet days (CWD), consecutive dry days (CDD), and temperature indices such as warmest day (TXx) and warmest night (TNx) from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) were computed for both the historical (1986–2016) and future (2020–2049) period using the RClimdex. The parametric ordinary least square (OLS) regression approach was used to detect trends in the time series of climate change and extreme indices. The results show an increase in mean annual temperature at the rate of 0.02 °C/year and a variability in rainfall at the catchment, under RCP 4.5 scenario. The warmest day and warmest night were projected to increase by 0.8 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, in the future relative to the historical period. The intensity (e.g., R99p) and frequency (e.g., CDD) of extreme rainfall indices were projected to increase by 29 mm and 26 days, respectively, in the future. This is an indication of the vulnerability of the catchment to the risk of climate disasters (e.g., floods and drought). Adaptation strategies such as early warning systems, availability of climate information, and flood control measures are recommended to reduce the vulnerability of the people to the risk of the projected impact of climate extreme in the future.
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Larbi, Isaac, Clement Nyamekye, Fabien C. C. Hountondji, Gloria C. Okafor, and Peter Rock Ebo Odoom. "Climate Change Impact on Climate Extremes and Adaptation Strategies in the Vea Catchment, Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1937–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_95.
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AbstractClimate change impact on rainfall and temperature extreme indices in the Vea catchment was analyzed using observation and an ensemble mean of bias-corrected regional climate models datasets for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5) scenario. Rainfall extreme indices such as annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT), extremely wet days (R99P), consecutive wet days (CWD), consecutive dry days (CDD), and temperature indices such as warmest day (TXx) and warmest night (TNx) from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) were computed for both the historical (1986–2016) and future (2020–2049) period using the RClimdex. The parametric ordinary least square (OLS) regression approach was used to detect trends in the time series of climate change and extreme indices. The results show an increase in mean annual temperature at the rate of 0.02 °C/year and a variability in rainfall at the catchment, under RCP 4.5 scenario. The warmest day and warmest night were projected to increase by 0.8 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, in the future relative to the historical period. The intensity (e.g., R99p) and frequency (e.g., CDD) of extreme rainfall indices were projected to increase by 29 mm and 26 days, respectively, in the future. This is an indication of the vulnerability of the catchment to the risk of climate disasters (e.g., floods and drought). Adaptation strategies such as early warning systems, availability of climate information, and flood control measures are recommended to reduce the vulnerability of the people to the risk of the projected impact of climate extreme in the future.
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Atwell, Mary Stewart. "“You Will Be Surprised that Fiction Has Become an Art”: The Language of Craft and the Legacy of Henry James." In New Directions in Book History, 79–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53614-5_3.
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AbstractAs some scholars have noted, the technical principles that modern creative writing workshops identify as “the craft of fiction” owe a great deal to Henry James and the prefaces to the New York edition of his novels, later published in a single volume as The Art of the Novel. However, James, far from setting out to help aspiring writers to develop their technical knowledge, was in fact fairly hostile to the very idea of craft, famously declaring that he “cannot imagine composition existing in a series of blocks.” The prefaces were instead intended to provide a sort of Cliff’s Notes to his own work, naming the tricks of his trade for the edification of his most dedicated readers, and it was these readers, most notably including Percy Lubbock, Joseph Warren Beach, and Caroline Gordon, who adapted James’s principles in some of the first literary handbooks used in the creative writing classroom. Though Lubbock, Beach, and Gordon borrowed significantly from James, they balanced his emphasis on aesthetics with the more accessible and egalitarian approach of earlier authors of fiction-writing handbooks, including the work of Walter Besant. This essay argues that a scholarly examination of the historical development of the discourse of the craft of writing serves not only to correct an over-emphasis on James’s influence, but also to address the equally erroneous assumption that principles of technique are eternal and universal, and thus exist apart from subject position and historical contingency.
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Gavriely-Nuri, Dalia. "Cultural approach to CDA (CCDA)." In The Routledge Handbook of Critical Discourse Studies, 120–32. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315739342-9.
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Verheijen, Lotte. "What Women Want? A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of UK Media Constructions of (LGBTQ+) Female Voters." In Language, Gender and Hate Speech A Multidisciplinary Approach. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-478-3/007.
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Sexist media depictions of female politicians have been studied. However, studies regarding portrayals of female voters and their hetero/cisnormative narratives are lacking. Therefore, this study explores UK media constructions of female voters in the context of the 2016 EU Referendum and the 2017 General Election via corpus-assisted CDA. It mainly focuses on the exclusion of LGBTQ+ women as voters via hetero/cisnormative language use. Female voters tend to be depicted in relation to men, or children and a family in general, while mentions of queer women are rare. Moreover, LGBTQ+ rights chiefly feature in political discourse to further a nationalist agenda through homonationalist arguments.
Conference papers on the topic "Discourse-historical approach to CDA"
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Shi, Qimeng. "CDA Approach to News Discourse on U.S.’ Arms Sale to Taiwan." In 2020 4th International Seminar on Education, Management and Social Sciences (ISEMSS 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200826.230.
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Ramnath, Satchit, Payam Haghighi, Ji Hoon Kim, Duane Detwiler, Michael Berry, Jami J. Shah, Nikola Aulig, Patricia Wollstadt, and Stefan Menzel. "Automatically Generating 60,000 CAD Variants for Big Data Applications." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97378.
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Abstract Machine learning is opening up new ways of optimizing designs but it requires large data sets for training and verification. While such data sets already exist for financial, sales and business applications, this is not the case for engineering product design data. This paper discusses our efforts in curating a large Computer Aided Design (CAD) data set with desired variety and validity for automotive body structural compositions. Manual creation of 60,000 CAD variants is obviously not viable so we examine several approaches that can be automated with commercial CAD systems such as Parametric Design, Feature Based Design, Design Tables/Catalogs of Variants and Macros. We discuss pros and cons of each method and how we devised a combination of these approaches. This hybrid approach was used in association with DOE tables. Since the geometric configurations and characteristics need to be correlated to performance (structural integrity), the paper also demonstrates automated workflows to perform FEA on CAD models generated. Key simulation results can then be associated with CAD geometry and, for example, processes using machine learning algorithms for both supervised and unsupervised learning. The information obtained from the application of such methods to historical CAD models may help to understand the reasoning behind experiential design decisions. With the increase in computing power and network speed, such datasets together with novel machine learning methods, could assist in generating better designs, which could potentially be obtained by a combination of existing ones, or might provide insights into completely new design concepts meeting or exceeding the performance requirements.
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Schopper, Dominik, and Stephan Rudolph. "From Model-Driven Architecture and Model-Based Systems Engineering via Formal Concept Analysis to Graph-Based Design Languages and Back: A Scientific Discourse." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-86392.
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Most modern digital approaches to engineering are based on models and their model transformations. Most of these model transformations are mathematically speaking non-bijective mappings — so-called projections — where some information of the original model is lost during the mapping. From a theoretical point of view it is therefore of great interest to exactly examine the properties of these model transformations. In this paper at first the characteristics of a model are briefly explained. Then some of the most common model-based engineering approaches are reviewed and compared regarding their models and model transformations. In this examination the missing existence of an inverse transformation (a so-called text-to-model transformation, T2M) of a typical model transformation (a so-called model-to-text transformation, M2T) is identified. That discovery may well hold the key to the realization of a so-called round-trip engineering. The required existence of the inverse transformation to this round-trip engineering is then generically postulated as having the nature of a pattern recognition problem. For illustration purposes and a better understanding of the interpretation of the inverse transformation as a pattern recognition problem, a case study for the reconstruction of an abstract model from the concrete model is given using CAD-Data of a satellite. Since CAD models belong to geometry, dimensionless geometric moment invariants play a key role in the generic solution of the pattern recognition problem contained in this example.
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M. SjØen, Martin, and Sissel H. Jore. "How the Counter-radicalization Discourse Securitizes Education and Why this Might not be an Effective Approach to Preventing Terrorism." In Proceedings of the 29th European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2724-3_0588-cd.
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Zhang, Limeng, and Andong Lu. "A study on the history of urban morphology in China based on discourse analysis." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5981.
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A study on the history of urban morphology in China based on discourse analysis Limeng Zhang¹, Andong Lu¹ ¹School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University. Nanjing University Hankou Road 22#, Gulou District, Nanjing, China E-mail: 554361151@qq.com, andonglu@gmail.com Key words: urban morphology, terminology, discourse analysis Conference topics and scale: Literature review (Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No.: 51478215) Urban morphology is a method widely used in China in the field of urban design and urban conservation. Since its first introduction to the Chinese context about 20 years ago, the key ideas and concepts of urban morphology underwent a significant phenomenon of ‘lost in translation’. Different origins of morphological thoughts, different versions of translation, as well as different disciplinary context, have all together led to a chaotic discourse. This paper reviews the key Chinese articles in the field of urban morphology since 1982 and draws out a group of persistent keywords, such as evolution, axis, urban fringe belt, plan unit and plot, that characterize the morphological approach to urban issues. By reviewing the transformation of the definition of these keywords, this paper aims to generate an evolutionary map of landmark ideas and concepts, based on which, four stages in the development of urban morphology in China can be identified: emergence, growth, maturity, practice. The mapping methodology could be extrapolated to other words, and the obtained evolutionary map could be a basic tool for further study. References Conzen M. R. G., Alnwick, Northumberland: A Study in Town-plan Analysis [M] 1960. ( London, George Philip). J. W. R. Whitehand, and Kai Gu. ‘Urban conservation in China: Historical development, current practice and morphological approach’ [J], Town Planning Review, 2007 (5), 615-642. Duan Jin, and Qiu Guochao. 'The Emergence and Development of Overseas Urban Morphology Study' [J], Urban Planning Forum, 2008(5):34-42. M. P. Conzen, Kai Gu, J. W. R. Whitehand. Comparing traditional urban form in China and Europe: a fringe belt approach [D]. Urban Geography, 2011.
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Zheng, Gangyang, Paul Nelson, Vera Moiseytseva, Ernie Kee, and Fatma Yilmaz. "A RISMC Perspective of the Reasonable Risk-Protection Measures." In 2014 22nd International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone22-31174.
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The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is mandated to ensure “adequate protection” to the public health and safety, regardless of cost. It also has steadfastly declined to specify precisely what constitutes “adequate protection,” except that it does not mean “zero risk.” Rather it judges on a case-by-case basis whether the “adequate protection” standard has been met. NRC also seems to reserve the right to require an even higher level of protection, when that can be achieved in a manner that it judges to meet similarly imprecisely specified criteria such as “practicality” and “reasonableness.” In Regulatory Guide 1.174 NRC comes close to a concrete specification of “adequate protection,” albeit one that depends upon the historical licensing basis for a specific plant. And the technical portion of this paper begins with a description of how the approach of Regulatory Guide 1.174 can be viewed from the perspective of Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization. Meanwhile, in this research, in order to better understand the role of regulation, a microeconomic model of a price-taking nuclear power plant is constructed, particularly of the cost (C) of achieving any specified level of core damage frequency (CDF). Solution of this model reveals an economic optimum, at a point that balances plant value against risk of losing the plant via an accident involving core damage. For CDFs slightly smaller than this economic optimum there is scope for a regulatory mandate of even smaller CDF, should that be deemed either necessary to attain “adequate protection,” or reasonably attainable in order to achieve greater than adequate protection of the public health and safety. It is argued that regulatory bodies must have scope for discretionary decisions, because the information necessary to formulate a reasonable approximation to the cost curve C (fortunately) does not exist.
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Becker, R. G., S. Reitenbach, C. Klein, T. Otten, M. Nauroz, and M. Siggel. "An Integrated Method for Propulsion System Conceptual Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-43251.
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The conceptual design of future, potentially highly integrated aircraft engines pose a variety of new design options to the propulsion system engineers. In order to find the best conceptual design, rapid evaluation of many design choices is essential. However, traditional, fast evaluation methods employing historical and empirical data can only be applied to novel engine concepts to a very limited degree. Thus, swift conceptual design methods based on physical approaches providing a sophisticated level of detail are needed. The current paper presents a methodology focused on conceptual engine design. The methodology is based on the gas turbine simulation framework GTlab, which integrates software tools for engine performance, component aerodynamics and structural design. For conceptual design a dedicated set of design tools exists — the so called GTlab-Sketchpad. Sketchpad tools have full access to the thermodynamic design data of the engine performance module. Based on cycle analysis, the tool set generates parametric representations of the propulsion system components and stores the results back to the frameworks data model. Computational time is limited to a few seconds, to ensure interactivity during the design process. The graphical user interface provides means to interactively modify the design parameters and to immediately evaluate their impact on the overall design. Since the internal data model facilitates three dimensional parameterizations of the engine components, 3D representations of the engine designs can be generated by interfacing an open source CAD-kernel. For the present paper, the conceptual design process of a commercial jet engine utilizing GTlab-Sketchpad is shown. The underlying computational methods are described and the resulting 3D-geometry is presented.
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Gershman, Harvey W. "The Latest and Greatest on the Resurgence of Waste-to-Energy and Conversion Technologies." In 18th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec18-3503.
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This presentation will provide a historical perspective on the development of waste-to-energy (WTE) and conversion technologies in the 1970s and 1980s. During this time period, U.S. EPA provided grant assistance to a variety of projects and technologies including refuse derived fuel (RDF) production, RDF combustion, pyrolysis, gasification and anaerobic digestion. This presentation will also provide the latest, up-to-date information about WTE and alternative technologies, including data on costs, and current status of projects developing across North America as they exist in 2010. It will provide a review of WTE technologies as an element of integrated solid waste management systems and highlight some of the advances which have been moved into production units to make WTE environmentally friendly. It will also include a brief look at plants worldwide, followed with a focus on facilities, technologies and companies operating in the U.S. Specific examples of technologies and associated facilities will include: –Mass Burn; –Modular; –RDF - Processing & Combustion; –RDF - Processing Only; –RDF - Combustion Only. Municipal waste combustors are regulated under the federal Clean Air Act (CAA), originally passed by Congress in 1963 and amended in 1967, 1970, 1977, 1990 and 1995 and 1998. The U.S. EPA may implement and enforce the requirements or may delegate such authority to state or local regulatory agencies. The CAA places emissions limits on new municipal waste combustors. In addition, the 1995 amendments to the Clean Air Act (CAA) were developed to control the emissions of dioxins, mercury, hydrogen chloride and particulate matter. By modifications in the burning process and the use of activated carbon injection in the air pollution control system, dioxins and mercury, as well as hydrocarbons and other constituents, have effectively been removed from the gas stream. The presentation will also review the companies offering WTE in the form of alternative technologies being promoted and considered in the U.S., and several recent and current procurements will be reviewed. GBB tracks over 150 different companies offering technologies, facilities and services whose developmental stages range from engineering drawings and laboratory models to full-scale operating prototypes. The presentation will provide an overview of these systems and their status. Implementation of new WTE projects — whatever technology is selected — will involve local governments in the process because MSW management is a local responsibility. Implementation will involve risks for local government and any private entities involved. A comprehensive review of the risks and challenges associated with implementing various technologies will be provided. The presentation will conclude with key elements to keep in mind when implementing WTE and/or conversion technologies. The last new MSW-processing WTE facility constructed in the U.S. commenced operations in 1996. Since that time, no new greenfield commercial plant has been implemented. In the past few years, however, interest in WTE and waste conversion has begun to grow, again. This renewed interest in waste processing technologies is due to several factors: successful CAA retrofits, proven WTE track record, increasing cost of fossil fuels, growing interest in renewable energy, concern of greenhouse gases, reversal of the Carbone Supreme Court Case, and the change in U.S. EPA’s hierarchy, which now includes WTE. Since 2004, several municipalities commissioned reports in order to evaluate new and emerging waste management technologies and approaches. These will be summarized. With the passage of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, the U.S. DOE has been working to advance innovative green energy technologies, which can be applied to MSW as well as other bio-feedstocks. DOE has made a number of grant awards to projects where MSW is used as a feedstock. This presentation will summarize the status of these projects and discuss how they should be viewed when considering new projects. The presentation will also outline policies for governments to consider when considering recycling goals with WTE. This review will be done in the context of environmental and energy considerations as well as public policy considerations. Comments will be included regarding current legislation and regulations, specifically for greenhouse gas emissions, being considered by the U.S. or state governments. The presentation will provide participants with: –A historical reference for experiences with WTE/alternative technologies in the U.S. in the 1970s and 1980s; –Latest information on the state of WTE/alternative technologies in the U.S., including their environmental performance; –A global understanding of current technologies and trends; –Understanding of the risks and challenges associated with implementing various technologies; –Understanding the key elements to keep in mind when implementing WTE; –Suggested policy for recycling and WTE to co-exist as components of a local solid waste system; and –Comments about current legislation being considered by the U.S. and state governments.
Reports on the topic "Discourse-historical approach to CDA"
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Oltarzhevskyi, Dmytro. HISTORICAL FEATURES OF CORPORATE MEDIA FORMATION IN UKRAINE AND IN THE WORLD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11067.
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The article examines the world and Ukrainian history of corporate periodicals. The main purpose of this study is to reproduce an objective global picture of the emergence and formation of corporate periodicals, taking into account the business and socio-economic context. Accordingly, its tasks are to compare the conditions and features of corporate media genesis in different countries, to determine the main factors of their development, as well as to clarify the transformations of the terminological apparatus. The research is based on mostly foreign secondary scientific works published from 1915 to the present time. The literature was studied using methods such as overview, historical, functional and thematic analysis, description, and generalization. A systematic approach was used to determine the role and place of each element in the system, as well as to comprehensively consider the object in the general historical context and within the current scientific discourse. The method of systematization made it possible to establish internal and external connections, patterns and contradictions in the development of the object of study. The main historical milestones on this path are identified, examples of the first successful corporate publications and their contribution to business development, public relations, and corporate communications are considered. It was found that corporate media emerged in the mid-nineteenth century spontaneously, on the wave of practical business needs in response to industrialization, company increase, staff growth, and consumer market development. Their appearance preceded the formation of the public relations industry and changed the structure of the information space. The scientific significance of this research is that the historical look at the evolution of corporate media provides an understanding of their place, influence, capabilities, and growing communicative role in the digital age.