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1
Israeli peace discourse: A cultural approach to CDA. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2015.
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Ethics and biblical narrative: A literary and discourse-analytical approach to the story of Josiah. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.
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Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.
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What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, the volume opens with a brief historical account of the formation of the academic discourse on shamans. Within the theoretical framework offered by critical discourse analysis and by means of multi-sited ethnographic research, it then weaves together different case studies: three novels by Taguchi Randy, a manga, a TV series and the case of an urban shaman who is mostly active in Tokyo. The main elements emerging from these case studies are explored by situating them in the precise historical and social context within which the discourse has been developed. This shows that the new discourse analysed shares several characteristics with the more ‘traditional’ and accepted discourses on shamanism, while at the same time differing in certain respects. In this work, particular attention is given to how the category and term ‘shaman’ is defined, used and re-negotiated in the Japanese metropolitan context. Through this approach, the book aims to further problematize the categories of ‘shaman’ and ‘shamanism’, by highlighting certain aspects that are not yet accepted by many scholars, even though they constitute a discourse that is relevant and effective.
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Reisigl, Martin. Critical Discourse Analysis. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0004.
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Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has entered the mainstream of linguistic and social science research with a strong transdisciplinary orientation and social engagement. This chapter introduces six variants of CDA: (1) Fairclough’s approach, which is strongly social theoretically embedded and informed by systemic functional linguistics; (2) van Leeuwen’s and Kress’s social semiotic and systemic functional approach; (3) van Dijk’s socio-cognitive approach; (4) the form of CDA promoted by the Duisburg Group around S. and M. Jäger, who keenly draw on Foucault’s approach to discourse analysis and Link’s discourse theory; (5) the Oldenburg approach, which is upheld by Gloy, Januschek, and others; and (6) the “Viennese” and “Lancaster” traditions of CDA, often termed the “discourse historical approach” and sometimes “discourse sociolinguistics.”
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Alberto, Rosa, Valsiner Jaan, and Conference for Socio-Cultural Research (1st : 1992 : Madrid, Spain), eds. Historical & theoretical discourse. Madrid: Fundación Infancia y Aprendizaje, 1994.
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O’Rourke, Michael. Comparing Methods for Cross-Disciplinary Research. Edited by Robert Frodeman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.23.
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The methods of interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research (hereafter, “cross-disciplinary research” or CDR) are “fragmented”, that is, distributed in unconnected ways across the intellectual landscape. Fragmentation results in inefficiency, which motivates systematic organization of methods. Systematic organization has value for both cross-disciplinary practitioners and theorists since it structures thinking about the range of variables that shape CDR, enhancing efficiency and prospects for project success. “Comparing Methods for Cross-Disciplinary Research” contributes a comparative, philosophical perspective to the systematic organization of CDR methods. After a brief historical review, the chapter analyzes and illustrates CDR methods. A comparative assessment of CDR methods is then presented that surveys a sample of prominent approaches to the organization of CDR methods before describing an alternate approach. The chapter closes with a discussion of outstanding challenges for those interested in comparing and organizing cross-disciplinary methods.
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Choueiri, Youssef M. Arab Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0025.
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This chapter traces the principal historiographical developments in the Arab world since 1945. It is divided into two major parts. The first part deals with the period extending from 1945 to 1970. During this period the discourse of either socialism or nationalism permeated most historical writings. The second part presents the various attempts made to decolonize, rewrite, or theorize history throughout the Arab world. The chapter then shows how in the various states of the Arabic world—some but not all of which have become fundamentalist Islamic regimes—Western models continued to be followed, though often with a more explicitly socialist approach than would be the case in America or Western Europe. By the 1970s, well before the shake-up of radical Islamicization that has dominated the past quarter-century, the entire Arabic world began to push hard against the dominance of residual Western colonial history.
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de Luna, Kathryn M. Scales and Units. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0011.
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This chapter uses two case studies to explore how historians study language movement and change through comparative historical linguistics. The first case study stands as a short chapter in the larger history of the expansion of Bantu languages across eastern, central, and southern Africa. It focuses on the expansion of proto-Kafue, ca. 950–1250, from a linguistic homeland in the middle Kafue River region to lands beyond the Lukanga swamps to the north and the Zambezi River to the south. This expansion was made possible by a dramatic reconfiguration of ties of kinship. The second case study explores linguistic evidence for ridicule along the Lozi-Botatwe frontier in the mid- to late 19th century. Significantly, the units and scales of language movement and change in precolonial periods rendered visible through comparative historical linguistics bring to our attention alternative approaches to language change and movement in contemporary Africa.
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Vandrei, Martha. Queen Boudica and Historical Culture in Britain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816720.001.0001.
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This innovative and distinctive book takes a long chronological view and a wide-ranging, interdisciplinary approach. It is the definitive work on the posthumous reputation of the ever-popular warrior queen of the Iceni, Queen Boadicea/Boudica. It explores her presence in British historical discourse, from the early modern rediscovery of the works of Tacitus to the first historical films of the early twentieth century. In doing so, the book seeks to demonstrate the continuity and persistence of historical ideas across time and throughout a variety of media. This focus on continuity leads into an examination of the nature of history as a cultural phenomenon and the implications this has for our own conceptions of history and its role in culture more generally. While providing contemporary contextual readings of Boudica’s representations, this book also explores the unique nature of historical ideas as durable cultural phenomena, articulated by very different individuals over time, all of whom were nevertheless engaged in the creative process of making history. Thus this book presents a challenge to the axioms of cultural history, new historicism, and other mainstays of twentieth- and twenty-first-century historical scholarship. It shows how, long before professional historians sought to monopolize historical practice, audiences encountered visions of past ages created by antiquaries, playwrights, poets, novelists, and artists, all of whom engaged with, articulated, and even defined the meaning of ‘historical truth’. This book argues that these individual depictions, variable audience reactions, and the abiding notion of history as truth constitute the substance of historical culture.
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Pioske, Daniel. Memory in a Time of Prose. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190649852.001.0001.
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Memory in a Time of Prose investigates a deceptively straightforward question: what did the biblical scribes know about times previous to their own? To address this question, the following study focuses on matters pertaining to epistemology, or the sources, limits, and conditions of knowing that would have shaped biblical stories told about a past that preceded the composition of these writings by a generation or more. The investigation that unfolds with these interests in mind consists of a series of case studies that compare biblical references to an early Iron Age world (ca. 1175–830 BCE) with a wider constellation of archaeological and historical evidence unearthed from the era in which these stories are set. What this approach affords is the opportunity to examine the relationship between the past disclosed through these historical traces and that past represented within the biblical narrative, thus bringing to light meaningful details concerning the information drawn on by Hebrew scribes for the prose narratives they created. The results of this comparative endeavor are insights into an ancient world of oral, living speech that informed biblical storytelling, where knowledge about the past was elicited more through memory and word of mouth than through a corpus of older narrative documents. For those Hebrew scribes who first set down these stories in prose writing, the means for knowing a past and the significance attached to it were, in short, wed foremost to the faculty of remembrance.
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Childs-Johnson, Elizabeth, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Early China. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328369.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook on Early China celebrates the research of multidisciplines ranging from history and archaeology, paleography and textual analysis to art historical and technological material. The coverage in 35 chapters is treated chronologically, beginning with the Neolithic and ending with the Springs and Autumns Period (ca 5000BCE–500BCE). Each chapter innovates in providing the most up-to-date content whether due to new archaeological discoveries or to new methodological approaches. Material is up-to-date and meticulously documented, in dealing with issues such as the origins of new military technical views of Warring States date, the historiography and political thought of the Springs and Autumns Period, new inscriptional data for Western Zhou ritual, the identity of a Shang woman warrior, Middle Shang periodization, the development of iron technology, the Jade Age issue, and the southern Neolithic revolution. This volume brings together a wealth of interdisciplinary data, which will be useful for both novice and expert in the field of Sinological studies.
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Nachtomy, Ohad. Living Mirrors. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190907327.001.0001.
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This work presents Leibniz’s view of infinity and the central role it plays in his theory of living beings. Chapter 1 introduces Leibniz’s approach to infinity by presenting the central concepts he employs; chapter 2 presents the historical background through Leibniz’s encounters with Galileo and Descartes, exposing a tension between the notions of an infinite number and an infinite being; chapter 3 argues that Leibniz’s solution to this tension, developed through his encounter with Spinoza (ca. 1676), consists of distinguishing between a quantitative and a nonquantitative use of infinity, and an intermediate degree of infinity—a maximum in its kind, which sheds light on Leibniz’s use of infinity as a defining mark of living beings; chapter 4 examines the connection between infinity and unity; chapter 5 presents the development of Leibniz’s views on infinity and life; chapter 6 explores Leibniz’s distinction between artificial and natural machines; chapter 7 focuses on Leibniz’s image of a living mirror, contrasting it with Pascal’s image of a mite; chapter 8 argues that Leibniz understands creatures as infinite and limited, or as infinite in their own kind, in distinction from the absolute infinity of God; chapter 9 argues that Leibniz’s concept of a monad holds at every level of reality; chapter 10 compares Leibniz’s use of life and primitive force. The conclusion presents Leibniz’s program of infusing life into every aspect of nature as an attempt to re-enchant a view of nature left disenchanted by Descartes and Spinoza.
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Collares, Marco Antônio. Civilização Barbárie em Conan, de Robert Howard - Vol. II. Brazil Publising, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-563-7.
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The book discusses the representations of civilization and barbarism considering the narratives of Conan Cycles by Robert Ervin Howard. The adventures of the character Conan the Barbarian were produced between 1932 and 1936. There are twenty-one literary and fictional texts that are part of a specific genre called “Sword and Witchcraft”. Such literary genre approaches fabulous worlds cha racterized by the presence of the superna tural, where fantastic characters venture into action and fantasy plots. Conan’s adventures were published in the so-cal led pulp magazines (or pulp fictions), low-quality graphic magazines — usually processed from paper pulp — that were very popular in the US between the 1920s and 1950s. Despite Howard placed his great famous character in the “Sword and Witchcraft” genre, he drew philosophical aspects in his plots, insofar as the central theme of these narratives is linked to the opposition between civilization and barbarism. Conan usually represents a violent, bloodthirsty, and crude human conduct, but honest and honorable in the face of the corrupt and greedy actions of civilized men, so an expression of barbarism would be somewhat necessary in his creator eyes, especially in the face of a Civilizational crisis. In addition, Conan and other characters have traces of the so-called western frontier men: the men who would represent the Ame rican trailblazers, so much worshiped by the creator of the character, largely because their rusticities were considered to be the basis for the formation of the country. Howard, a Texan native, was very concerned about the historical context of the economic and social crisis of the twentieth century, and more specifically, the Great Depression of the 1930s. Conan, therefore, expresses some aspects of a more rustic and truthful conduct, closer to the idealized manners of the men who made the West and the US, meaning that the narratives of the Conan Cycles are part of so-called fron tier literature. This is not just a study of civilization and barbarism, but it is also about the conception of the US border in Robert Howard’s own historical context
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Rublack, Ulinka, ed. The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646920.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of the Protestant Reformations covers the “long Reformation” period from ca.1400 to 1750 in its European and global dimensions. Thirty-eight contributors offer cutting-edge research. This is the most comprehensive handbook of Protestant Reformations ever published to investigate the beliefs, practices, and institutions which followed medieval reform movements and Martin Luther’s Reformation in Germany. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provide a particular focus as the central time for the initial developments of faiths which began to be called “Protestant.” Contributors explore the Protestant Reformations in relation to the Catholic Renewal before and after Trent and repeatedly point to areas of convergence among Protestants and Catholics. The handbook highlights the significance of cultural—historical approaches and the history of emotions to understand confessional identities. It also thoroughly engages with revisions of Max Weber's influential arguments about the impact of Protestantism on attitudes toward work, capital accumulation, and rational lifestyles. The handbook emphasizes the importance of radical traditions, especially from a global perspective. Previous handbook literature omits global Protestantism, and the influential confessionalization paradigm was entirely European-based. The point of incorporating global dimensions is that it demonstrates the vitality of varied traditions, which confronted very different institutional milieux, could significantly challenge political and cultural ideas of mainstream European faiths, and in turn reshape European Protestantisms. The handbook thus aims to be an indispensable guide to reshaping future discussions in the field, to recover the early history of Protestantism as part of our account about a history of the world.
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Greve, Martin, ed. Writing the History of "Ottoman Music". Ergon Verlag, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783956507038.
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Martin Greve: Introduction Bülent Aksoy: Preliminary Notes on the Possibility (or Impossibility) of Writing Ottoman Musical History Ralf Martin Jäger: Concepts of Western and Ottoman Music History Ruhi Ayangil: Thoughts and Suggestions on Writing Turkish Music History Ersu Pekin: Neither Dates nor Sources: A Methodological Problem in Writing the History of Ottoman Music Nilgün Dogrusöz: From Anatolian Edvâr (Musical Theory Book) Writers to Abdülbâkî Nâsir Dede: An Evaluation of the History of Ottoman/Turkish Music Theory Walter Feldman: The Musical “Renaissance” of Late Seventeenth Century Ottoman Turkey: Reflections on the Musical Materials of Ali Ufkî Bey (ca. 1610-1675), Hâfiz Post (d. 1694) and the “Marâghî” Repertoire Kyriakos Kalaitzidis: Post-Byzantine Musical Manuscripts as Sources for Oriental Secular Music: The Case of Petros Peloponnesios (1740-1778) and the Music of the Otto-man Court Gönül Paçaci: Changes in the Field of Turkish Music during the Late Ottoman/Early Republican Era Arzu Öztürkmen: The Quest for “National Music”: A Historical-Ethnographic Survey of New Approaches to Folk Music Research Okan Murat Öztürk: An Effective Means for Representing the Unity of Opposites: The Development of Ideology Concerning Folk Music in Turkey in the Context of Nationalism and Ethnic Identity Süley-man Senel: Ottoman Türkü Fikret Karakaya: Do Early Notation Collections Represent the Music of their Times? Sehvar Besiroglu: Demetrius Cantemir and the Music of his Time: The Concept of Authenticity and Types of Performance Andreas Haug: Reconstructing Western “Monophonic” Music Recep Uslu: Is an Echo of Seljuk Music Audible? A Methodological Research
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Bhatia, Aditi. The Discursive Portrayals of Osama bin Laden. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038860.003.0002.
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This chapter illustrates how the creation of illusive categories and perceptions through the use of religious metaphor, among other rhetorical tools, culminated in the inevitable dichotomy in the way the world perceived Osama bin Laden. It thus conceptualizes bin Laden's discourse as a set of discursive illusions, in which the dual faces created of and by him turn out to be two sides of the same coin. Drawing on a combination of analytical tools, which include the historical approach, membership categorization analysis, and discourse as metaphor, the chapter analyzes a selection of speeches by Osama bin Laden and George W. Bush in an attempt to illustrate how both parties use almost identical forms of discourse in order to produce diametrically opposed conceptualizations of reality. It illustrates how Osama bin Laden played the role of both the evil terrorist and the brave champion of Islam through the creation of discursive illusions.
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Busse, Beatrix. Speech, Writing, and Thought Presentation in 19th-Century Narrative Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190212360.001.0001.
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The present study investigates speech, writing, and thought presentation in a corpus of 19th-century narrative fiction including, for instance, the novels Frankenstein, Jane Eyre, Wuthering Heights, Oliver Twist, and many others. All narratives typically contain a reference to or a quotation of someone’s speech, thoughts, or writing. These reports further a narrative, make it more interesting, natural, and vivid, ask the reader to engage with it, and, from a historical point of view, also reflect cultural understandings of the modes of discourse presentation. To a large extent, the way a reader perceives a story depends upon the ways discourse is presented, and among these, speech, writing, and thought, which reflect a character’s disposition and state of mind. Being at the intersection of linguistic and literary stylistics, this study develops a new corpus-stylistic approach for systematically analyzing the different narrative strategies of historical discourse presentation in key pieces of 19th-century narrative fiction, thus identifying diachronic patterns as well as unique authorial styles, and places them within their cultural-historical context. It shows that the presentation of characters’ minds reflects an ideological as well as an epistemological concern about what cannot be reported, portrayed, or narrated and that discourse presentation fulfills the narratological functions of prospection and encapsulation, marks narrative progression, and shapes readers’ expectations as to suspense or surprise.
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Patton, Paul. 33. Foucault. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0033.
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This chapter examines Michel Foucault's approach to the history of systems of thought, which relied upon a distinctive concept of discourse he defined in terms of rules governing the production of statements in a given empirical field at a given time. The study of these rules formed the basis of Foucault's archaeology of knowledge. The chapter first considers Foucault's conception of philosophy as the critique of the present before explaining how his criticism combined archaeological and genealogical methods of writing history and operated along three distinct methodological axes corresponding to knowledge, power, and ethics. It then describes Foucault's archaeological approach to the study of systems of thought or discourse, along with his historical approach to truth. It also discusses Foucault's theory of freedom, his views on the nature and tasks of government, and his ideas about subjectivity in relation to care for the self.
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Schlieter, Jens. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190888848.003.0005.
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This introduction to the historical part outlines how earlier work on “near-death experiences” by Carol Zaleski, Peter Dinzelbacher, or Gregory Shushan took modern near-death experiences as a homogeneous group of phenomena that can be directly compared with ancient and medieval visions of the otherworld. Significantly, the configuration of experiences near death in the 18th, 19th, and the first half of the 20th centuries has mostly been skipped. Pointing to the necessity of including the formation period of modern near-death discourse, the chapter highlights the shortcomings of an approach that takes narratives of experiences as indicating transcultural traits.
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Trousdale, Graeme. Using Principles of Construction Grammar in the History of English Classroom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190611040.003.0010.
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This chapter addresses teaching the History of English from a construction grammar perspective, one in which language is viewed as comprised of form-meaning pairings on a gradient between lexical and grammatical constructions and language change is viewed as a series of micro-steps that involve closely related changes in syntax, morphology, phonology, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse functions. It considers the creation of new constructions, changes to existing constructions, and the relationship between individual words and the constructions in which they frequently appear. The chapter provides specific examples, drawn from all periods of English, from Old to contemporary English, to demonstrate to students this new and productive approach to historical linguistics.
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von Daniels, Detlef. Sources and the Normativity of International Law. Edited by Samantha Besson and Jean d’Aspremont. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198745365.003.0032.
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This chapter finds that questioning the normativity of the sources of international law inevitably leads into the domain of legal philosophy. For showing that legal philosophy itself is a contested field of approaches, a hermeneutic perspective on the question of normativity is developed that stresses historical and contextual forms of understanding. Incidentally, Kelsen’s theory serves as a switchboard to relate a variety of historical debates to the contemporary discourse in the tradition of analytical jurisprudence. In practical terms, the relevance of this approach is discussed regarding three contested topics: the status of general principles, soft law, and practical reasoning. The historical and theoretical awareness thus achieved provides reasons to oppose contemporary attempts to moralize the legal point of view.
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Covey, Alan, and Sonia Alconini. Conclusions. Edited by Sonia Alconini and Alan Covey. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190219352.013.57.
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This chapter is an editorial conclusion to Part 6, building on ideas that appeared in chapters on Inca aesthetics and the production of art and craft goods. The concluding chapter draws attention to the ways that Inca media and technology diverged from European value systems, and the ways that those differences led to biased interpretations of Andean cultural achievements. Questions of Inca civilization were central to the discourse of Spanish imperial expansion in the Andes, influencing written accounts intended to denigrate or defend the Inca legacy. Spanish writers did not appreciate the value of Inca craft production, nor did they fully comprehend the ways that Inca people preserved and deployed historical knowledge, technology, and cosmology. Modern scholars continue to wrestle with the expectations of colonial authors as they seek a more complete reconstruction of a distinctively Inca approach to the arts and sciences.
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Ferguson, Sam. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198814535.003.0001.
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An introductory discussion takes stock of previous studies of the diary, establishes the distinct approach for the present work, and sets out some useful critical concepts. This book will reconsider some of the historical landmarks identified by previous studies, and address certain gaps in the historical account (particularly the decades after the Second World War). It adopts a more sensitive and flexible approach to fictivity than previous studies. The important concept of otherness in the diary is discussed with reference to Jacques Lacan. The author-figure and the œuvre are to be treated as products of literary discourse with a complex relationship to reality (discussed with reference to Michel Foucault). The concept of the supplement (following Jacques Derrida) will be useful in examining the marginal and subversive role of the diary. Finally, the role of gender in the history of diary-writing is addressed.
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Chaganti, Seeta. The Time of Reenactment in Basse Danse and Bassadanza. Edited by Mark Franko. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314201.013.44.
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Fifteenth-century dance manuals reveal an important distinction between the work of historical reconstruction and that of theoretical reenactment. Basse danse and bassadanza manuals clarify that the difference between reenactment and reconstruction is a difference in temporal experience. When we use these documents simply to reconstruct—to piece together and attempt to replicate a past step pattern—we discern in the manuals and in their dances an anticipatory temporality that privileges looking toward the future. When, however, we approach these texts through the theoretical discourse of reenactment, we discover a different kind of time. It is recursive, multidirectional, and far more layered than the anticipatory model that the dance instructions appear on the surface to adopt. When this more complex temporal structure becomes visible, this chapter argues, we recognize how these early dances and their instruction manuals theorize their own uses of time and thus their own reenactment.
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Asquer, Enrica. Domesticity and Beyond: Gender, Family, and Consumption in Modern Europe. Edited by Frank Trentmann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561216.013.0029.
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This article discusses the relationship between gender history and the history of the family, especially in the field of consumer studies, and examines works that consider the rise of a ‘modern’ public sphere, structured around mass consumption and potentially more inclusive with respect to women. Reframing Jürgen Habermas's account with a gender-conscious approach and recognizing the power of the discourse in shaping historical processes, some of the studies it considers critically utilize the Habermasian assumption that commercial culture caused a radical transformation of the classic bourgeois public realm. Focusing on the contemporary debate about women shoppers and the challenge they posed to the masculine public sphere, these works explore the tensions between different ‘publics’ that were emerging in the nineteenth century within European societies and the changing ways in which domesticity and motherhood were linked to consumer culture. The article also looks at the politicization of everyday life in twentieth-century Europe.
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Rajner, Mirjam. The Orient in Jewish Artistic Creativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912628.003.0008.
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This chapter examines the “Oriental” theme and self-Orientalization among Jewish artists such as Samuel Hirszenberg and Leopold Pilichowski. In postcolonial discourse, the Western imagining of the Orient is often understood as being part of a pejorative and politically charged ideology known as Orientalism. More recently, the art-historical approach has revealed that Orientalist art does not only comprise works that reflect a Western or European construction of the “other,” but also the Oriental response to Western culture and modernization. The chapter considers the “Oriental” works of Maurycy Gottlieb as an expression of an emerging alignment of Jewish artists with modernism and universalism. It also discusses the 1873 World Exhibition in Vienna and Gottlieb’s encounter with the Orient before concluding with the argument that the unexpected, imaginative abandonment and self-fashioning by Jewish artists as non-European “others” might be a Jewish version of European Orientalism, which found expression in the art of Gottlieb.
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Powers, Shawn M., and Michael Jablonski. Geopolitics and the Internet. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.003.0001.
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This book proposes a broader perspective of cyber war, conceptualized as the utilization of digital networks for geopolitical purposes, including covert attacks against another state's electronic systems as well as the myriad ways the Internet is used to further a state's economic and military agendas. In particular, it examines the historical genesis of the “internet freedom” movement and considers the political, economic, and geopolitical factors driving internet-freedom policies, such as the U.S. State Department's freedom-to-connect doctrine. The book argues that efforts to create a singular, universal internet built upon Western legal, political, and social preferences alongside the “freedom to connect” is driven primarily by economic and geopolitical motivations rather than the humanitarian and democratic ideals that typically accompany related policy discourse. This introduction discusses the geopolitics of information and introduces the debates over internet freedom and information sovereignty. It also offers a brief review of the literature, describes a political economy approach to internet freedom, and provides an overview of the book's chapters.
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Wagenaar, Hendrik, Helga Amesberger, and Sietske Altink. Introduction. Policy Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324249.003.0001.
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The introduction describes the historical involvement of the state in the regulation of prostitution. It introduces the concept of public policy and its neglect in the academic literature on prostitution. We argue that the literature avoids a systematic discussion of public policy by focusing on a host of other factors that shape prostitution in society, such as large extraneous influences, broad (national) policy regimes, international human rights governance, discourse, broad shifts in governmentality. Instead, it is the concerted actions of national and local policy makers in designing regulation that shape the different manifestations of prostitution: the places where it is practised, the type of prostitution that is prevalent in a society, and the position and rights of sex workers. The chapter describes the three goals of the book: to provide an overview and critique of how prostitution policy has been analysed; to provide a policy analytical approach that both recognizes the particular challenges of the field and applies the concepts and tools of public policy analysis; and to provide suggestions for how policy-makers can move forward in establishing a fairer and more humane policy.
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Joyce, Justin A. Gunslinging justice. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526126160.001.0001.
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Gunslinging justice explores American Westerns in a variety of media alongside the historical development of the American legal system to argue that Western shootouts are less overtly “anti-law” than has been previously assumed. While the genre’s climactic shootouts may look like a putatively masculine opposition to the codified and mediated American legal system, this gun violence is actually enshrined in the development of American laws regulating self-defense and gun possession. The climactic gun violence and stylized revenge drama of seminal Western texts then, seeks not to oppose "the law," but rather to expand its scope. The book’s interdisciplinary approach, which seeks to historicize and contextualize the iconographic tropes of the genre and its associated discourses across varied cultural and social forms, breaks from psychoanalytic perspectives which have long dominated studies of film and legal discourse and occluded historical contingencies integral to the work cultural forms do in the world. From nineteenth century texts like Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans (1826) and Reconstruction era dime novels, through early twentieth century works like The Virginian, to classic Westerns and more recent films like Unforgiven (1992), this book looks to the intersections between American law and various media that have enabled a cultural, social, and political acceptance of defensive gun violence that is still with us today.
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Biebuyck, William, and Judith Meltzer. Cultural Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.140.
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Cultural political economy (CPE) is an approach to political economy that focuses on how economic systems, and their component parts, are products of specific human, technical, and natural relations. Notwithstanding longer historical roots, CPE emerged as part of the “cultural turn” within the social sciences. Although it is often seen as countering material determinism and the neglect of culture in conventional approaches in political economy, the cultural turn was less about “adding culture” than about challenging positivist epistemologies in social research. For some, cultural political economy continues to be defined by an orientation toward cultural or “lifeworld” variables such as identity, gender, discourse, and so on, in contrast to conventional political economy’s focus on the material or “systems” dimensions. However, this revalorization of the nonmaterial dimensions of political economic life reinforces a sharp distinction between the cultural and the material, an issue which can be traced to the concept of “(dis)embedding” the economy and subordinating society. A more noticeable development, however, is the increasing orientation of critical (CPE) analyses of global development toward the “economization” of the cultural in the context of mutating forms of neoliberalism. Concomitant to the economization of the cultural in narratives of global development is the “culturalization” of the economic. Here attention is paid not just to the growth of cultural industries but to the multiple ways in which culture has been normalized in discourses of global and corporate development.
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Lloyd, Howell A. Jean Bodin, ‘This Pre-eminent Man of France’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198800149.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
This book presents the only rounded treatment of a key figure in the intellectual history of France and Europe. Jean Bodin (1529/30–1596), jurist, associate of kings and courtiers, and participant in key political events, was the author of works of lasting interest and enduring significance in the fields of political science, historical writing, witchcraft, and a great deal else besides. Best known for his contribution to formulating the modern doctrine of sovereignty, Bodin has also been credited with developing the quantity theory of money and with advocating religious toleration at a decidedly unpropitious time. Yet, while certain aspects of his thought have long attracted and continue to receive a great deal of lively attention, no attempt has been made until now to approach this challenging thinker on a broad front, to consider all his writings, major and minor, and to examine his ideas contextually and in the round. That is precisely what is offered in this deeply researched and wide-ranging study. Deploying a multilingual array of source materials, it devotes particular attention to Bodin’s own use of sources and modes of discourse in the course of analysing each of his works in turn and in considerable detail. And, beyond Bodin himself and his writings, the book sheds far-reaching light on the intellectual world of the late Renaissance writ large—a dynamic environment shaped through the interaction of multiple traditions of thought.
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Wolf, Anne. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190670757.003.0008.
Full textAbstract:
We are for reconciliation. As for the details, they can be discussed. The project may be amended, but it will pass.Rachid Ghannouchi1This book sheds light on Ennahda’s historical evolution, the backdrop to understanding its current ideological and political orientation. Following Tunisia’s 2010–11 uprisings, many pundits analysed political developments through the prism of ‘Islamists versus secularists’ or ‘modernists versus obscurantists’. Whilst typically contrasted with more secular currents, Ennahda actually has much in common with them. Since the mid-2000s its leaders have attempted to position their movement within the traditions of the nineteenth-century Tunisian reformist movement just as Bourguiba and Ben Ali had sought to do decades earlier. Like them, senior Ennahda figures have engaged in a rewriting of history to portray their organisation as entirely non-violent and democratic, attempting to erase from its memory periods that conflict with this narrative. Bourguiba did so by downplaying, if not denying outright, his violent crackdown on the Ben Youssef opposition, an approach both he and Ben Ali later adopted regarding a range of dissidents. Ennahda leaders have taken a similar approach, if on a smaller scale, when dismissing the existence of plans in the 1980s to overthrow the regime by force. They have also downplayed the past violence of some of its own members. Rather than acknowledging past mistakes and controversies, the vast majority of its activists have internalised a one-sided discourse of victimisation and suffering....
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Gordon, Gregory S. Atrocity Speech Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190612689.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Hate speech is widely considered a precondition for mass atrocity. Since World War II a large body of case law has interpreted the key offenses criminalizing such discourse: (1) incitement to genocide; and (2) persecution as a crime against humanity. But the law has developed in a fragmented manner. Surprisingly, no volume has furnished a comprehensive analysis of the entire jurisprudential output and the relation of each of its parts to one another and to the whole. Atrocity Speech Law fills this gap and provides needed perspective for courts, government officials, and scholars. Part 1, “Foundation,” explores the historical relationship between speech and atrocity and the foundations of the current legal framework. Part 2, “Fragmentation,” details the discrepancies and deficiencies within that framework. Part 3, “Fruition,” proposes fixes for the individual speech offenses and suggests a more comprehensive solution: a “Unified Liability Theory,” pursuant to which there would be four criminal modalities placed in one statutory provision and applying to genocide, crimes against humanity, and war crimes: (1) incitement; (2) speech abetting; (3) instigation; and (4) ordering. Apart from the issue of fragmentation, experts have failed to find an accurate designation for this body of law. “International Incitement Law” and “International Hate Speech Law,” two of the typical labels, do not capture the law’s breadth or its proper relationship to mass violence. So with a more holistic and accurate approach in mind, this book proposes a new name for the overall body of international rules and jurisprudence: “atrocity speech law.”
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Elledge, C. D. Resurrection of the Dead in Early Judaism, 200 BCE-CE 200. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199640416.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Belief in resurrection of the dead became one of the most adamant conceptual claims of Christianity and rabbinic Judaism. This book provides a focused analysis of the gradual emergence and diverse receptions of the discourse of resurrection within early Jewish literature, from its early emergence within portions of 1 Enoch (c.200 BCE), until its standardization as a non-negotiable eschatological belief in the Mishnah (c.CE 200). Within this historical environment, resurrection emerged as an insurgent and controversial theodicy that challenged more traditional interpretations of death. The study further demonstrates how scribal circles legitimated the controversial eschatological claim by clothing it in the raiment of earlier scriptural language, grounding it in the theology of creation, and insisting that it was essential to the affirmation of divine justice. As resurrection gained a reception in multiple movements within early Judaism, a diverse range of conceptions flourished, including a fascinating variety of assumptions about the embodied character of eschatological life, as well as how resurrection would transpire within larger cosmic-spatial parameters of the world. The hope also maintained a somewhat tensive relationship with belief in the immortality of the soul, another popular approach to the afterlife within early Judaism. Supportive chapters explore the emergence of resurrection within specific literary texts and collections, including 1 Enoch, the Dead Sea Scrolls, Josephus, 4 Ezra, 2 Baruch, and select inscriptions. As the nascent church and early rabbinic Judaism developed their own approaches to resurrection, they remained both the heirs and creative reinterpreters of earlier Jewish theologies of resurrection.
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Cloete, Nico, Ian Bunting, and François van Schalkwyk. Research Universities in Africa. African Minds, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928331872.
Full textAbstract:
From the early 2000s, a new discourse emerged, in Africa and the international donor community, that higher education was important for development in Africa. Within this zeitgeist of converging interests, a range of agencies agreed that a different, collaborative approach to linking higher education to development was necessary. This led to the establishment of the Higher Education Research and Advocacy Network in Africa (Herana) to concentrate on research and advocacy about the possible role and contribution of universities to development in Africa. This book is the final publication to emerge from the Herana project. The project has also published more than 100 articles, chapters, reports, manuals and datasets, and many presentations have been delivered to share insights gained from the work done by Herana. Given its prolific dissemination, it seems reasonable to ask whether this fourth and final publication will offer the reader anything new. This book is certainly different from previous publications in several respects. First, it is the only book to include an analysis of eight African universities based on the full 15 years of empirical data collected by the project. Second, previous books and reports were published mid-project. This book has benefited from an extended gestation period allowing the authors and contributors to reflect on the project without the distractions associated with managing and participating in a large-scale project. For the first time, some of those who have been involved in Herana since its inception have had the opportunity to at least make an attempt to see part of the wood for the trees. Different does not necessarily mean new. An emphasis on the newness of the data and perspectives presented in this book is important because it shows that it is more than a historical record of a donor-funded project. Rather, each chapter in this book brings, to a lesser or greater extent, something new to our understanding of universities, research and development in Africa.