Journal articles: 'Discrimination against people with disabilities – Zimbabwe'

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Sarker, Debashis. "Discrimination against people with disabilities in accessing microfinance." Alter 14, no. 4 (November 2020): 318–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alter.2020.06.005.

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Grudzinskas, Albert J. "Unequal Rights: Discrimination Against People With Mental Disabilities and the Americans With Disabilities Act Hollow Promises: Employment Discrimination Against People With Mental Disabilities." Psychiatric Services 54, no. 4 (April 2003): 577–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.54.4.577.

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DeLeire, Thomas. "Changes in Wage Discrimination against People with Disabilities: 1984-93." Journal of Human Resources 36, no. 1 (2001): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3069673.

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Mattila, Mikko, and Achillefs Papageorgiou. "Disability, perceived discrimination and political participation." International Political Science Review 38, no. 5 (June 22, 2016): 505–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192512116655813.

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Disability affects the lives of hundreds of millions across the world. People with disabilities often experience discrimination and unequal treatment. Sometimes the mere categorization of people into groups, that is, ‘healthy’ vs. ‘disabled’, is enough to trigger discriminatory behaviour against people with disabilities. Previous studies show that in general disabilities depress political participation. However, the effect of disability-based discrimination on participation has received little scholarly attention. We study how perceptions of discrimination affect three forms of political participation: voting; contacting politicians; and participating in demonstrations. Results show that disability decreases voting, especially when associated with perceptions of discrimination. The analysis points in the opposite direction when the other two forms of political participation are analysed. People with disabilities are more likely to partake in demonstrations and contact politicians than non-disabled. Thus, disability-based discrimination is not always a hindrance to participation. It sometimes further motivates people with disabilities to participate.

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Dueker, Alice K. "Unequal Rights: Discrimination against People with Mental Disabilities and the Americans with Disabilities Act." Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 27, no. 3 (June 2002): 519–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03616878-27-3-519.

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Mukushi, A. T., J. C. Makhubele, and V. Mabvurira. "Cultural and Religious Beliefs and Practices Abusive to Children With Disabilities in Zimbabwe." Global Journal of Health Science 11, no. 7 (June 11, 2019): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v11n7p103.

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This study sought to explore religious practices and beliefs that violate the rights of children with disabilities in Zimbabwe. The authors employed a qualitative approach in exploring cultural and religious beliefs and practices abusive to children with disabilities. Authors used exploratory-descriptive case study design and purposive sampling in selecting participants. Data collection took place in Dzivarasekwa, a high-density suburb in Harare among children who were receiving rehabilitation services at Harare Hospital and their caregivers. The study established that children with disabilities who come from some apostolic families are disadvantaged, as their parents believe that demonic spirits causes disability. This then leads to heightened levels of discrimination. The study also found out that there are remedial but harmful cultural and religious practices. The study recommends that rigorous awareness raising is needed for communities to support people with disabilities, formation of support groups amongst people with disabilities themselves, introducing holistic interventions that address issues of cultural and religious beliefs and continuous training for frontline workers to keep in touch with current best practices, policies and laws around disabilities.

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John, Tyler M., Joseph Millum, and David Wasserman. "HOW TO ALLOCATE SCARCE HEALTH RESOURCES WITHOUT DISCRIMINATING AGAINST PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES." Economics and Philosophy 33, no. 2 (November 23, 2016): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267116000237.

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Abstract:One widely used method for allocating health care resources involves the use of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) to rank treatments in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) gained. CEA has been criticized for discriminating against people with disabilities by valuing their lives less than those of non-disabled people. Avoiding discrimination seems to lead to the 'QALY trap': we cannot value saving lives equally and still value raising quality of life. This paper reviews existing responses to the QALY trap and argues that all are problematic. Instead, we argue that adopting a moderate form of prioritarianism avoids the QALY trap and disability discrimination.

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Molero, Fernando, Patricia Recio, Cristina García-Ael, and Daniel Pérez-Garín. "Consequences of perceived personal and group discrimination against people with physical disabilities." Rehabilitation Psychology 64, no. 2 (May 2019): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rep0000277.

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Rumrill, Philip D., and Shawn M. Fitzgerald. "Employer Characteristics and Discharge-Related Discrimination Against People With Disabilities Under the Americans With Disabilities Act." Advances in Developing Human Resources 12, no. 4 (August 2010): 448–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1523422310379212.

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Panocchia, Nicola, Viola D'ambrosio, Serafino Corti, Eluisa Lo Presti, Marco Bertelli, Maria Luisa Scattoni, and Filippo Ghelma. "COVID-19 pandemic, the scarcity of medical resources, community-centred medicine and discrimination against persons with disabilities." Journal of Medical Ethics 47, no. 6 (April 7, 2021): 362–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-107198.

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This research aims to examine access to medical treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic for people living with disabilities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the practical and ethical problems of allocating limited medical resources such as intensive care unit beds and ventilators became critical. Although different countries have proposed different guidelines to manage this emergency, these proposed criteria do not sufficiently consider people living with disabilities. People living with disabilities are therefore at a higher risk of exclusion from medical treatments as physicians tend to assume they have poor quality of life, whereas access to medical treatment should be based on several parameters, including clinical data and prognosis. However, the COVID-19 pandemic shifts the medical paradigm from person-centred medicine to community-centred medicine, challenging the main ethical theories. We reviewed the main guidelines and recommendations for resources allocation and examined their position toward persons with disabilities. Based on our findings, we propose criteria for not discriminating against people with disabilities in allocating resources. The shift from person-centred to community-centred medicine offers opportunities but also risks sacrificing the most vulnerable people. The principle of reasonable accommodation must always be considered to guarantee the rights of persons with disabilities.

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Mrsevic, Zorica. "On the strategy of prevention and protection against discrimination as the basic document of the state’s anti-discrimination policy." Temida 17, no. 2 (2014): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1402045m.

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The article presents legal and political aspects of the Strategy of prevention of and protection against discrimination. This is a binding commitment from the state given to its citizens in relation to reaching certain goals, principally towards eliminating discrimination in social life. The main aim of the presentation is to highlight factors which are necessary to ensure the Strategy is efficient in combating a culture of intolerance; in identifying what is necessary in practice to tackle discrimination, particularly discrimination against unpopular groups; so that a culture of intolerance among state agencies and organizations of civil society would be replaced by culture of mutual respect and equal opportunities. The article considers all categories that may be protected against discrimination, such as women, LGBT persons, people with disabilities, Roma people, elderly people, children, refugees, national minorities, internally displaced persons and people whose health condition might be the ground of discrimination.

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Tanjevic, Natasa, and Filip Miric. "Suppression of discrimination against people with disabilities in the field of labor and employment: Situation and prospects." Temida 16, no. 1 (2013): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem1301133t.

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Discrimination based on disability is a complex phenomenon that is present in all spheres of social life, especially in the world of work. The reasons that led to this are numerous: living conditions, social and economic policies of different times, but also many social factors such as ignorance, carelessness, neglect, fear and prejudice. Therefore, various documents on the international and national levels are adopted which contain provisions prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities and that provide a legal framework for their employment. Accordingly, the Serbian national legislation is now significantly closer to the standards of the international community and the European Union in this field, which opened the way for more effective protection of persons with disabilities. However, one of the main problems is the application of the law in practice. The authors tried to, through the presentation of relevant documents of international and domestic law, point out their individual shortcomings while proposing certain amendments to the existing legal solutions for the purpose of finding effective ways to combat discrimination against persons with disabilities in the labor and employment area, which is the main aim of this paper.

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Marson, Stephen M. "Book Section: Essay and Review: Hollow Promises: Employment Discrimination against People with Mental Disabilities." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 32, no. 1 (March 2004): 105–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318530403200109.

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김진우. "Critical Review on 「Korean Anti-Discrimination Against Disabled People Act」 in Respect of People with Intellectual Disabilities." Social Welfare Policy ll, no. 35 (December 2008): 169–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15855/swp.2008..35.169.

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Dali, Keren. "The lifeways we avoid." Journal of Documentation 74, no. 6 (October 8, 2018): 1258–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-04-2018-0057.

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Purpose In the context of increasing interdisciplinarity in academia and professional practice, the purpose of this paper is to focus on the contribution of information science (IS) to education and practice in social work (SW), specifically in the area of disabilities at the workplace. As a case in point, a work environment of academia and faculty members with disabilities and their managers are chosen. The paper also stands to improve interdisciplinary understanding between IS and SW. Design/methodology/approach Combining SW and IS perspectives and building off selective exposure, cognitive dissonance and uncertainty management theories, the paper looks at one of the root-causes of continuous workplace discrimination against and bullying of people with disabilities – information avoidance (IA). Findings The paper conceptualises discrimination and bullying as an inherently information problem, for which an SW solution could be proposed. Two types of information are noted to be avoided: information about disabilities and information about the effect of discrimination and bullying on employees with disabilities. The paper distinguishes between defensive and deliberate IA, each of which poses different challenges for social workers who are likely to intervene in the cases of bullying and discrimination in their capacity as workplace counsellors and advisors. Originality/value It is the first known paper that explores the intellectual and practice-based synergy between SW and IS in application to change-related interventions and preventative plans that counteract discrimination against people with disabilities at the workplace. It proposes creative solutions for intervention, including bibliotherapy. It also opens up a broader conversation on how critical the knowledge of IS is for social workers.

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Marson, Stephen M. "Book Section: Essay and Review: Unequal Rights: Discrimination against People with Mental Disabilities and the Americans with Disabilities Act." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 32, no. 1 (March 2004): 101–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318530403200108.

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Nothdurft, John, and Hilary Astor. "Laughing in the Dark—Anti— Discrimination Law and Physical Disability in New South Wales." Journal of Industrial Relations 28, no. 3 (September 1986): 336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218568602800302.

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Legislation in New South Wales proscribes discrimination, both direct and indirect, against people with disabilities. The coverage of the legislation is wide and includes dis crimination in all aspects of employment and the provision of education, accommo dation, goods and services, and in registered clubs. The procedures that must be followed by a person with a disability to establish that discrimination has taken place have, however, caused problems. This paper reviews the New South Wales legislation and its operation, particularly in relation to equal employment opportunity programmes and people with physical disabilities. It concludes with reconunendations for refining the law and the methods by which it is implemented.

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Masłowiecka, Agnieszka, and Małgorzata Dmochowska. "Other areas of discrimination. do you speak of discrimination against people with disabilities in space policy based on Polish?" Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne 22 (2013): 201–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/pss.2013.22.14.

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Zielińska, Sylwia. "Other areas of discrimination. do you speak of discrimination against people with disabilities in space policy based on Polish?" Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne 22 (2013): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/pss.2013.22.15.

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Friedman, Carli, and Mary C. Rizzolo. "Fair-Wages for People With Disabilities: Barriers and Facilitators." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 31, no. 3 (May 12, 2020): 152–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1044207320919492.

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Subminimum wage is a prominent and problematic issue affecting the lives of many people with disabilities. For this reason, the aim of this study was to identify the correlates of fair-wages (at least minimum wage) for people with disabilities—which factors facilitate and hinder people with disabilities’ access to fair-wages. We utilized Personal Outcome Measures® interview data from approximately 1,500 people with disabilities to examine how individual, employment, and organizational-level factors correlate with people with disabilities’ access to fair-wages. Binary logistic regression models revealed at the individual-level support needs, guardianship, and residence type all significantly correlate with people with disabilities’ odds of receiving fair-wages. In addition, the ability to experience a number of employment options, as well as decide where to work, produce higher odds of having fair-wages. Finally, our findings also revealed the key role service organizations can play in facilitating people with disabilities’ access to fair-wages. Attention to the facilitators that promote access to fair-wages for people with disabilities, and the barriers that hinder this access is one of the first steps toward ending this discrimination against people with disabilities.

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REY PÉREZ, JOSÉ LUIS. "BASIC INCOME AND THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES." Age of Human Rights Journal, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17561/tahrj.n12.1.

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The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities presents a social approach to disabilities. In accordance with this conception, the origin of the discrimination suffered by persons with disabilities is mainly social because we have designed our society without universal access for everybody. There is a normality criterion, based on physical capabilities, intelligence, race and gender that excludes many people from that canon. The different contemporary liberal theories of justice have discussed disabilities thinking about how the State could compensate brute luck. In this context, does universal basic income play some role? Van Parijs in Real Freedom for All defends a unanimous criterion to compensate for brute luck. That compensation would be made before distributing an equal basic income among everybody. In this paper, UBI will be studied in the context of the debate about rights of persons with disabilities. Firstly, the argument given by Van Parijs will be discussed because the unanimous requirement does not fit with a social understanding of disabilities. Secondly, if we consider a right to UBI, it is necessary to study which role this right can play in the life of people with disabilities and if we can say that this right has a universal design. In this point, it will be studied whether UBI can establish some type of indirect discrimination against people with disabilities and if so, which type of reasonable accommodation would be necessary to eliminate that discrimination.

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Connell, Blake. "Some Parents Are More Equal than Others: Discrimination against People with Disabilities under Adoption Law." Laws 6, no. 3 (August 23, 2017): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws6030015.

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May, Deborah C., Kenneth E. Dobush, Eliza K. Endres, Dale A. Getto, Scott K. Paterson, Dianne S. Zipkin, and Deborah K. Kundert. "Housing Discrimination: Apartment Rentals to People Who are Blind or Mentally Retarded." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 23, no. 2 (June 1, 1992): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.23.2.26.

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A telephone survey examined the attitudes of landlords towards renting apartments to a person with a disability. Callers contacted 50 landlords about renting an apartment to a person with mental retardation and 50 landlords about renting to a person who was blind. Twenty-four percent would not rent to a person who was mentally retarded, and 16% would not rent to a person who was blind. While the proportion of landlords discriminating against potential tenants who were mentally retarded was not significantly different than those discriminating against potential tenants who were blind, it appears that there is a need for continued education to permit acceptance of full integration of people with disabilities into the community.

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Alfaris, Muhammad Ramadhana. "PAYUNG HUKUM PENYANDANG DISABILITAS DALAM KONTEKS DUKUNGAN DAN AKSESIBILITAS TERHADAP PEMBANGUNAN SOSIAL BERKELANJUTAN." Widya Yuridika 1, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/wy.v1i2.748.

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Disability is a condition experienced by a person with various kinds of physical limitations. The thing of unfair is a sensitive part for people with disabilities, starting from discrimination, less of support, community stigma, and many inadequate access for people with disabilities. Therefore, the identification of problems in this study discusses the legal umbrella for persons with disabilities as well as support and accessibility to sustainable social development. This study uses descriptive analytical methods to explain the existing situation by using a normative juridical approach to identify and examine the law. The result is there are still many discriminatory attitudes towards persons with disabilities, such as from education access that is not yet the totality of persons with disabilities, then economic access for people with disabilities is less considered, then in health access that is still not fulfilled, especially health against physical disabilities, and less education of political access access for people with disabilities.Kata Kunci: payung hukum disabilitas, dukungan, aksesibilitas, pembangunan sosial.

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Milivojević, Tatjana, Ljiljana Manić, and Nataša Simeunović Bajić. "Double discrimination of elderly women in the media." Northern Lights: Film & Media Studies Yearbook 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/nl_00026_1.

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The topic of this article is the phenomenon of double, namely cross or additive discrimination against senior women in the media sphere. Many studies and articles are devoted to ageism, discrimination against the elderly and gender inequality as discrimination against women. Rarely and hardly ever in Serbia, research is focused on the topic of gender differences that determine the quality of life in old age. While some believe that gender inequality and stereotypes end with age, which is in itself a basis for discrimination, and that gender differences are equalized, others believe that gender differences are particularly pronounced in old age, especially when considering marginalized elderly populations such as elderly people belonging to the Roma nationality, people with disabilities, LGBT people and HIV-positive people. This article is a comprehensive literature review article. The authors applied theoretical and interpretative methods of research, discursive and critical thematic analysis. The interpretative method is based on the meanings and representation of different aspects of the issue. The main finding of this article is the existence and prevalence of a gap and contradiction between the reality of longer and better quality of life and outdated media representation of old age, especially of elderly women.

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Hatch, Margaret “Jenny”, Samantha Alexandra Crane, and Jonathan G. Martinis. "Unjustified Isolation Is Discrimination: The Olmstead Case Against Overbroad and Undue Organizational and Public Guardianship." Inclusion 3, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/2326-6988-3.2.65.

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Abstract Over the past 3 decades, research has found that overbroad and undue guardianship—guardianship imposed on people who can use less restrictive alternatives to guardianship in order to make their own decisions, with or without support—can lead to negative life outcomes and deny basic rights and opportunities. This article presents the case of Margaret “Jenny” Hatch, a woman with Down syndrome who, even though she had successfully lived and worked in the community and wished to continue to do so, was placed under plenary, organizational guardianship and forced to live in a segregated group home and work in a sheltered workshop. After recounting Ms. Hatch's case, this article reviews the harm that can result from overbroad and undue guardianship and argues that Ms. Hatch's guardianship violated her rights under Title II of the Americans With Disabilities Act. Finally, the article makes recommendations for future “Olmstead” advocacy focused on ensuring access to integrated, community-based living and employment for people with disabilities under organizational or public guardianship.

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Ameri, Mason, Lisa Schur, Meera Adya, F. Scott Bentley, Patrick McKay, and Douglas Kruse. "The Disability Employment Puzzle: A Field Experiment on Employer Hiring Behavior." ILR Review 71, no. 2 (June 23, 2017): 329–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019793917717474.

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The authors investigate potential discrimination against people with disabilities through a field experiment that sent job applications to 6,016 accounting positions for which the applicants’ disabilities are unlikely to affect productivity. One-third of the cover letters disclosed that the applicant had a spinal cord injury, one-third disclosed the presence of Asperger’s syndrome, and one-third did not mention disability. The disability applications received 26% fewer expressions of employer interest. This gap was concentrated among experienced applicants and small private companies that are not covered by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). Tests suggest possible positive effects of the ADA, but not of state laws, in reducing the disability gap. Results indicate there may be substantial room for employer and policy initiatives to improve employment opportunities for people with disabilities.

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DAVIES, BEN. "Bursting Bubbles? QALYs and Discrimination." Utilitas 31, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 191–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820818000249.

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The use of Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) in healthcare allocation has been criticized as discriminatory against people with disabilities. This article considers a response to this criticism from Nick Beckstead and Toby Ord. They say that even if QALYs are discriminatory, attempting to avoid discrimination – when coupled with other central principles that an allocation system should favour – sometimes leads to irrationality in the form of cyclic preferences. I suggest that while Beckstead and Ord have identified a problem, it is a misdiagnosis to lay it at the feet of an anti-discrimination principle. The problem in fact comes from a basic tension between respecting reasonable patient preferences and other ways of ranking treatment options. As such, adopting a QALY system does not solve the problem they identify.

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Longmore, Paul K. "Medical Decision Making and People with Disabilities: A Clash of Cultures." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, no. 1 (1995): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1995.tb01335.x.

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In discussions of medical decision making as it applies to people with disabilities, a major obstacle stands in the way: the perceptions and values of disabled people (particularly disability rights advocates and disabled social scientists) and of many nondisabled people (particularly health care professionals, ethicists, and health policy analysts), regarding virtually the whole range of current health and medical-ethical issues (treatment decision making, health care access and health care rationing, medical costcontainment, and assisted suicide), seem frequently to conflict with one another. This divergence in part grows out of the sense, common among people with disabilities, that their interactions with “the helping professions,” medical and social service professionals, are adversarial. But those differences of opinion also stem more basically from a clash of fundamental values.This paper addresses, in historical perspective, the ways in which the status of persons with disabilities as a stigmatized minority group affects medical decision making. It also examines the efforts of disability rights activists to prevent discrimination against persons with disabilities in current medical culture. Finally, it raises questions about how the rights of people with disabilities will fare as new care standards are developed and implemented.

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THURLOW, MARTHA L., JAMES E. YSSELDYKE, and BETH SILVERSTEIN. "Testing Accommodations for Students with Disabilities." Remedial and Special Education 16, no. 5 (September 1995): 260–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074193259501600502.

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With a national reform agenda that includes all american students and federal legislation barring job discrimination against individuals with disabilities, concerns have mounted about how to accurately assess persons with disabilities. including these individuals in the assessment process often requires the modification of tests and testing procedures. along with these modifications come many complicated issues. this article reviews the literature pertaining to testing accommodations for people with disabilities. we address policy and legal considerations, existing standards, research on current practice, and research on technical concerns. we examine the relatively limited set of empirical studies on accommodations and assessments (many of which were conducted by test publishers) and recommend a significant program of research on testing accommodations for students with disabilities.

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Bruyère, Susanne M., Sarah von Schrader, Wendy Coduti, and Melissa Bjelland. "United States Employment Disability Discrimination Charges: Implications for Disability Management Practice." International Journal of Disability Management 5, no. 2 (December 1, 2010): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jdmr.5.2.48.

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AbstractIt is 20 years since the passage of the Americans With Disabilities Act, yet employment and economic inequities continue for people with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to inform and encourage disability management leading practices to contribute toward reducing these disparities. The approach is an examination of where in the employment process applicants and incumbent employees perceive employment disability discrimination, leading to the filing of charges against an employer. Employment disability discrimination claims filed by individuals over 15 years (1993–2007) with the United States (US) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission or state and local Fair Employment Practice Agencies are studied. The authors analyse employment discrimination charges by year, basis (i.e., protected class characteristics, such as disability, age, or race), issue (i.e., actions of the employer, such as discharge, hiring, or harassment), employer characteristics (i.e, size of business and industry sector), and joint filings under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act (gender, race/ethnicity, and religious discrimination) and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA). Special attention is paid to where in the employment process people with specific impairments are perceiving discrimination. Implications of these research findings for the practice and administration of disability management and employer policies are discussed.

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Whitehurst, David G. T., and Lidia Engel. "Disability discrimination and misdirected criticism of the quality-adjusted life year framework." Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 11 (March 3, 2018): 793–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2016-104066.

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Whose values should count – those of patients or the general public – when adopting the quality-adjusted life year (QALY) framework for healthcare decision making is a long-standing debate. Specific disciplines, such as economics, are not wedded to a particular side of the debate, and arguments for and against the use of patient values have been discussed at length in the literature. In 2012, Sinclair proposed an approach, grounded within patient preference theory, which sought to avoid a perceived unfair discrimination against people with disabilities when using values from the general public. Key assumptions about general public values that beget this line of thinking were that ‘disabled states always tally with lower quality of life’, and the use of standardised instruments means that ‘you are forced into a fixed view of disability as a lower value state’ (Sinclair, 2012). Drawing on recent contributions to the health economics literature, we contend that such assumptions are not inherent to the incorporation of general public values for the estimation of QALYs. In practice, whether health states of people with disabilities are of ‘lower value’ is, to some extent, a reflection of the health state descriptions that members of the public are asked to value.

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김명수. "Research on a Enactment Background and the Improvement of Prohibition of Discrimination against People with Disabilities Act." Journal of hongik law review 20, no. 1 (February 2019): 283–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.16960/jhlr.20.1.201902.283.

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Goldstein, Marc B. "Examining the Impact of a State Law Prohibiting Discrimination Against Group Homes for People With Developmental Disabilities." Journal of Disability Policy Studies 2, no. 2 (July 1991): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104420739100200202.

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Corman, Sorina, Raluca Sassu, Mihaela Bucuţă, Silviu Morar, and Alina Ungureanu. "Discrimination of Various Vulnerable Groups - Perception Among the Students of the Faculty of Engineering (“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu)." Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education 1, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 188–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cplbu-2015-0022.

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AbstractThe purpose of this article is to highlight students’ perception of the Faculty of Engineering concerning discrimination, particularly discrimination against certain vulnerable groups. This issue is part of a broader research that aims to assess the attitude of students towards discrimination.The method used in the study is questionnaire-based survey. The questionnaire includes scales and subscales for measuring the attitudes of subjects, their emotions, cognitions and behaviors in relation to discrimination in general, and specifically in relation to certain vulnerable groups such as the Roma population, people with HIV/AIDS, people with a different sexual orientation or people with disabilities and mental illness.The main results of our research have demonstrated that the students from engineering believe that there is discrimination within society, including at the level of educational institutions; the most discriminated category is Roma population.These results reflect the importance of training engineering students in the field of ethics and non-discrimination. We conclude that there is a need of such courses in the context of promoting inclusive societies and of the rebirth of business ethics education at an international level.

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Stambekova, A., M. Shmidt, and G. Yerzhanova. "BARRIERS TO ACCESS TO HIGHER EDUCATION FOR PERSONS WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS." BULLETIN Series of Pedagogical Sciences 70, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.51889/2021-2.1728-5496.09.

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The article is devoted to the problem of equal access of persons with disabilities to higher education. The problem of eliminating discrimination against the rights of persons with disabilities is relevant for the whole world, including for the Republic of Kazakhstan. The purpose of the study is to identify barriers to admission to higher education institutions for applicants with disabilities, as well as to identify possible ways to overcome and eliminate them. The methods of mixed research were used: qualitative and quantitative. The study involved 120 students of grades 10-11 of schools in the Almaty region with disabilities. The results of the survey revealed barriers to university admission. A model for overcoming barriers to university admission for people with disabilities is proposed, which will increase the level of accessibility of higher education.

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Ernst, Anne. "STEPS ‐ Structures Towards Emancipation, Participation and Solidarity: A European Project to Combat Discrimination against People with Learning Disabilities." Tizard Learning Disability Review 7, no. 4 (October 2002): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13595474200200032.

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Soetemans, Julia K., and Lynne M. Jackson. "The Influence of Accessibility on Perceptions of People with Disabilities." Canadian Journal of Disability Studies 10, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 185–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cjds.v10i1.734.

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Prejudice and discrimination against people with disabilities can be masked through seemingly benign expressions such as communications of pity and provision of unwanted help. Such forms of paternalism have been theorized to arise in response to social conditions that fail to highlight people’s competencies. Following this logic, the present study assessed how the accessibility of an environment shapes perceptions of competence of, and feelings of pity toward, people with disabilities. Undergraduate students (N= 111) read vignettes that described a person with one of three disabilities (related to mobility, sight or hearing) in either an accessible or an inaccessible environment and subsequently reported their perceptions of, and reactions to, the target person. In support of the hypothesis, non-disabled people viewed people with disabilities more positively in an accessible compared to an inaccessible environment. Specifically, they perceived disabled people as more competent and warm, and pitied them less, compared to in inaccessible or neutral (control) environments. The more positive responses to the disabled targets in accessible environments compared to inaccessible environments was largely consistent across disability types, although the deaf target was uniquely viewed as equally positive in the neutral (control) environment and the accessible one. These findings indicate that provision of appropriately accessible environments can be a tool of prejudice reduction.

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Temple, Jeromey B., Margaret Kelaher, and Ruth Williams. "Disability discrimination and avoidance in later life: prevalence, disability differentials and association with mental health." International Psychogeriatrics 31, no. 9 (December 7, 2018): 1319–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610218001722.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Later life is a period of increased risk of disability, but there is little quantitative evidence regarding the exclusion of older people (through discrimination and avoidance) due to their health conditions. This study aims to (1) measure the prevalence of disability exclusion in later life, (2) examine how experiences of exclusion differ by disability type, and (3) investigate the association of exposure to exclusion with psychological distress.Methods:Using data from the 2015 ABS Survey of Disability, Ageing and Carers, we calculated the prevalence of people aged 55 years and over with a disability experiencing discrimination and engaging in avoidance behaviors, disaggregated by 18 detailed disability types. Modified Log-Poisson models were fitted to estimate Prevalence Ratios to measure the association between exclusion and psychological distress, stratified by disability type.Results:In 2015, about 5% of Australians aged 55 years and over with a disability reported experiencing an instance of disability discrimination, and one in four reported avoiding a situation or context due to their disability. Accounting for psychosocial comorbidities and with extensive demographic controls, exposure to disability avoidance (PR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.7, 2.1) or discrimination (PR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4, 2.1) almost doubled the probability of experiencing psychological distress. Effects were heightened for individuals reporting specific disabilities including sensory and speech and physical disabilities as well as those reporting a head injury, stroke, or acquired brain injury.Conclusions:Despite protections against disability discrimination in legislation, discrimination and avoidance due to disability is prevalent and is associated with poor mental health outcomes.

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Perlin, Michael L. "International Human Rights and Comparative Mental Disability Law: The Role of Institutional Psychiatry in the Suppression of Political Dissent." Israel Law Review 39, no. 3 (2006): 69–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021223700013145.

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For many years, institutional psychiatry was a major tool in the suppression of political dissent. Moreover, it appears painfully clear that, while the worst excesses of the past have mostly disappeared, the problem is not limited to the pages of history. What is more, the revelations of the worst of these abuses (and the concomitant rectification of many of them) may, paradoxically, have created the false illusion that all the major problems attendant to questions of institutional treatment and conditions in these nations have been solved. This is decidedly not so.Remarkably, the issue of the human rights of persons with mental disabilities had been ignored for decades by the international agencies vested with the protection of human rights on a global scale. Within the legal literature, it appears that the first time disability rights were conceptualized as a human rights issue was as recently as 1993 when, in a groundbreaking article, Eric Rosenthal and Leonard Rubenstein first applied international human rights principles to the institutionalization of people with mental disabilities.For people with mental disabilities, in particular, the development of human rights protections may be even more significant than for people with other disabilities. Like people with other disabilities, people with mental disabilities face degradation, stigmatization, and discrimination throughout the world today. But unlike people with other disabilities, many people with mental disabilities are routinely confined, against their will, in institutions, and deprived of their freedom, dignity, and basic human rights. People with mental disabilities who are fortunate enough to live outside of institutions often remain imprisoned by the social isolation they experience, often from their own families. They are not included in educational programs, and they face attitudinal barriers to employment because they have not received the education and training needed to obtain employment or because of discrimination based on unsubstantiated fears and prejudice. Only recently have disability discrimination laws and policies in the United States and elsewhere focused on changing such attitudes and promoting the integration of people with disabilities into our schools, neighborhoods, and workplaces.The question remains, however: to what extent has institutional, state-sponsored psychiatry been used as a tool of political suppression, and what are the implications of this pattern and practice? After an Introductory section (Part I), I discuss, in Part II, the first revelations of the dehumanization inflicted on persons with mental disabilities, primarily (but not exclusively) in Soviet Bloc nations. In Part III, I discuss developments after these revelations were publicized. In Part IV, I weigh the extent to which the post-revelation reforms have been effective and meaningful. In Part V, I explain the meanings of sanism and pretextuality, and discuss how they relate to the topic at hand. Then, in Part VI, I raise questions that have not yet been answered, and that, I believe, should help set the research agendas of those thinking about these important issues.

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Dali, Keren. "The right to be included." Information and Learning Science 119, no. 9/10 (October 8, 2018): 486–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ils-04-2018-0032.

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PurposeIn the spirit of the growing Time is Up movement in North America, this paper aims to focus on the human dimension of academic learning environments and delves into the reasons for the continuous oppression, discrimination and bullying (ODB) of faculty members with disabilities in academia, showing the particularly detrimental effect of ODB in the small professionally oriented field of information science.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptualizing of continuous ODB of people with disabilities in academia is done by carefully scrutinizing the state of affairs; presenting a nuanced survey of utilized terminology; providing a new and inclusive definition of everyday oppression; introducing a new model of an oppressive workplace environment experienced by people with disabilities; showing the centrality of information behaviours and phenomena in ODB; highlighting the high relevance of this discussion to learning science; and outlining potential detrimental effects of ODB on the psychological climate in and the process of professional higher education.FindingsThe model of an oppressive workplace environment experienced by people with disabilities is presented.Originality/valueUnlike previous models of ODB at the workplace, the current model puts information phenomena as decisive factors in continuous ODB against people with disabilities; particular attention is paid to information avoidance behaviours; distorted or delayed information messages transmitted by managers to employees; gossip as an informal information-based tactic of ODB; the insufficient protection of privacy and confidentiality of information about disabilities and personal health; and vague information messages that diminish the usefulness of university policies on disabilities.

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Moroney, Julie. "Reviving Negotiated Rulemaking for an Accessible Internet." Michigan Law Review, no. 119.7 (2021): 1581. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.119.7.reviving.

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Web accessibility requires designing and developing websites so that people with disabilities can use them without barriers. While the internet has become central to daily life, websites have overwhelmingly remained inaccessible to the millions of users who have disabilities. Congress enacted the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) to combat discrimination against people with disabilities. Passed in 1990, it lacks any specific mention of the internet Courts are split as to whether the ADA applies to websites, and if so, what actions businesses must take to comply with the law. Further complicating matters, the Department of Justice (DOJ) initiated the rulemaking process for web accessibility in 2010, only to terminate it seven years later without issuing a rule—leaving the disability community without meaningful online access and businesses without clear standards. Meanwhile, complaints about the accessibility of websites have flooded federal agencies and the courts. Against that backdrop, this Note calls for the DOJ to use negotiated rulemaking, a regulatory innovation from the 1980s that has since faded in use, to achieve web accessibility. Given that the Supreme Court has declined to resolve whether the ADA’s protections apply to the internet, the business and disability communities should come together through negotiated rulemaking to build consensus on web accessibility.

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Asim qızı Yolçiyeva, Zülfiyyə. "Organization of inclusive physical education classes for persons with disabilities." SCIENTIFIC WORK 67, no. 06 (June 21, 2021): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/67/54-57.

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As we know, there are many fields of pedagogical science. One of the most important areas is special pedagogy. Special pedagogy studies the issues of education and upbringing of children with physical and mental disabilities. People with disabilities are those who are relatively disabled in terms of any part of the body or the brain. In our country, special attention is paid to the education of people with disabilities. Inclusive education creates conditions for the protection of social equality, education and other special needs of children with disabilities. According to the teaching methodology, inclusive education prevents discrimination against children, allows people with various diseases to get a perfect education and succeed. Its main task is to create an environment for vocational training of people with disabilities. In modern times, people with disabilities should not be seen as sick, but as people with disabilities. This shapes the social approach to disability. The social model allows these children to exercise their rights to develop their skills. The purpose of inclusive physical education is to teach students to move together, which promotes the improvement and development of human psychophysical abilities. Different exercises should be chosen for each lesson and combined in such a way as to have a comprehensive effect on the body and ensure that each student can perform. It is necessary to ensure the general requirements and their specificity when arranging lessons. Sports have a great impact on the development of the personality of children with disabilities as normal children. Sport is one of the most important conditions for everyone and is acceptable for any age group. All these procedures are more effective when performed in unison. Let's protect our child's life together for a healthy life and step into a healthy future Key words: Inclusion, inclusive education, inclusive physical education, a person with disabilities, special education

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Alemany, Macario. "Should we say "functional diversity" to refer to "disability"?" Undecidabilities and Law, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 109–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/2184-9781_1_5.

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This article addresses "political correctness" (PC) regarding the rights of people with disabilities and specifically the state of the question in Spain. First, we focus on the expression itself and clarify what is understood by PC. This implies reviewing, albeit briefly, the main conceptual and ideological framework PC is grounded in. Second, we describe the new conceptualisation of disability given by the United Nations Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, tasked with ensuring compliance with the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In Spain, this Convention is about to give rise to substantial legislative reforms in civil and procedural matters, leading to a turnaround in the way the matter has been traditionally treated. Thirdly, we expose a critique of the demands to turn "functional diversity" into the sole politically correct expression to refer to the condition of people with disabilities. To finish, I come back to the question of PC and present my position on the effects of this doctrine on the prevention of discrimination against marginalised groups.

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Warden, Derek. "Fifth Indifference." Texas A&M Law Review 7, no. 4 (November 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v7.arg.1.

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The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. Title II of the ADA applies to public entities. That same Title allows plaintiffs to obtain damages upon a showing that the discrimination was intentional. There are generally two possible standards of intent: (1) deliberate indifference or (2) animus. While most Circuit Courts expressly adopted the deliberate indifference model, the Fifth Circuit has not. Indeed, the Fifth Circuit has not adopted any standard and this has led to confusion. The confusion is not helped, moreover, by the sheer lack of justification offered by a number of the Circuit Courts who have adopted either standard. This Essay seeks to clear that confusion. It offers reasons why deliberate indifference, and not the animus standard, should apply to ADA Title II claims. Further, it explains why no Fifth Circuit precedent should be construed as prohibiting the adoption of the deliberate indifference standard.

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Mavrov, Momchil. "INTERNATIONAL PROTECTION OF THE RIGHT OF EQUAL ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE OF PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES." Knowledge International Journal 28, no. 6 (December 10, 2018): 2057–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij28062057m.

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The right to equal access to health care is a fundamental irrevocable right for every person which should be guaranteed in every legal system. It is clear from the established international standards in the field of health that the right of access to healthcare guarantees universal access on an equal basis to really available quality and acceptable health services and health facilities. According to the World Health Organization, access to health services also includes health promotion and disease prevention. In regard to people with disabilities and disadvantaged people, ensuring effective access to healthcare is extremely important, in mind their vulnerability and increased need for moral, social and financial support. The international community has always paid serious attention to the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of people with disabilities, especially their health care rights. Evidence for this positive policy is the many legal acts adopted within the United Nations system and within the European Union.The most important of these acts are the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, all adopted by the United Nations, as well as the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the European Disability Strategy and other European acts. The listed legal instruments proclaim the right of every person to the highest attainable standard of health and as an element of it is protected and the right to equal access to quality health care for all persons.At the same time with creating an appropriate legal framework to protect the health rights of people with disabilities, specialized bodies have been set up within the United Nations system and within the European Union to monitor and control the implementation of international treaties. This approach of the international community deserves support, as only the introduction of comprehensive and adequate measures could provide for a sufficiently high level of protection of the rights of persons with disabilities, who as full citizens of society should have equal and appropriate conditions for full exercising their subjective health rights, without discrimination on the basis of their disability.

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James, Grace. "An unquiet mind in the workplace: mental illness and the Disability Discrimination Act 1995." Legal Studies 24, no. 4 (December 2004): 516–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2004.tb00261.x.

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New Labour's recent ‘Welfare to Work’ policies encourage people with disabilities, where possible, to enter and participate in the workplace. The current policy of ‘inclusion’ is supported by the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 (DDA), which came into force in December 1996 providing those who are discriminated against on the grounds of their disability with an action against their employer. Drawing upon recently decided case law, this paper considers what the DDA offers those who are discriminated against because of a mental illness. I argue that policy-makers, courts and tribunals, because the relationship between physical and mental impairments is often misunderstood, fail to reflect the varied nature of or understand the stigma associated with, mental ill health. The law is thus at present incapable of providing adequate protection for mentally impaired individuals who attempt to participate or remain in the labour market, and new approaches, which are sensitive to the diverse nature of disability, need to be considered.

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Kanter, Arlene S. "A Comparative View of Equality Under the UN Convention on the Rights of PERSONS with Disabilities and the Disability Laws of the United States and Canada." Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 32, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v32i2.4682.

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In 2006, the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities [CRPD], the first international treaty addressing specifically the rights of people with disabilities, including in the workplace. The purpose of the CRPD is “to promote, protect and ensure the full and equal enjoyment of all human rights and fundamental freedoms by all persons with disabilities, and to promote respect for their inherent dignity....” The CRPD has been ratified by 160 countries, including Canada, but not yet by the United States. Article 27 of the CRPD, entitled Work and Employment, prohibits not only discrimination against people with disabilities in employment, but also the right of people with disabilities to reasonable accommodations, equal remuneration for work of equal value, safe and healthy working conditions, assistance in finding, obtaining, maintaining and returning to employment, rehabilitation, job retention and return-to-work programmes, as well as affirmative action programmes, incentives and other measures to promote equal employment opportunities. As compared to the Americans with Disabilities Act and the Canadian Charter, the CRPD, therefore, goes beyond prohibiting discrimination and instead seeks to ensure greater substantive equality for people with disabilities in the workplace. As such, the author proposes that both US and Canadian legislatures and courts should look to the CRPD to help their respective countries move beyond traditional notions of formal equality towards a new right to substantive equality in the workplace for people with disabilities.En 2006, les Nations Unies ont adopté la Convention relative aux droits des personnes handicapées [CDPH], le premier traité international portant explicitement sur les droits des personnes handicapées, y compris les droits dans le milieu de travail. La CDPH a pour objet de « promouvoir, protéger et assurer la pleine et égale jouissance de tous les droits de l’homme et de toutes les libertés fondamentales par les personnes handicapées et de promouvoir le respect de leur dignité intrinsèque […] ». La CDPH a été ratifiée par 160 pays, dont le Canada, mais les États-Unis ne l’ont pas encore ratifiée. En plus d’interdire la discrimination fondée sur le handicap dans tout ce qui a trait à l’emploi, l’article 27 de la CDPH, intitulé « Travail et emploi », protège le droit des personnes handicapées de bénéficier d’aménagements raisonnables, de l’égalité de rémunération à travail égal ainsi que de la sécurité et de l’hygiène sur les lieux de travail, le droit d’obtenir de l’aide liée à la recherche et à l’obtention d’un emploi, au maintien dans l’emploi et au retour à l’emploi, l’accès à des programmes de réadaptation, de maintien dans l’emploi, de retour à l’emploi et d’action positive, de même que l’accès à des incitations et à d’autres mesures visant à promouvoir l’égalité des chances dans l’emploi. En conséquence, comparativement à l’Americans with Disabilities Act et à la Charte canadienne, la CDPH va plus loin qu’interdire la discrimination et vise à assurer une plus grande égalité réelle pour les personnes handicapées dans le milieu de travail. C’est pourquoi l’auteur propose que les assemblées législatives et les tribunaux des États-Unis et du Canada examinent la CDPH afin d’aider les instances décisionnelles de leurs pays respectifs à dépasser les notions traditionnelles de l’égalité formelle et à promouvoir un nouveau droit à l’égalité réelle dans le milieu de travail pour les personnes handicapées.

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Goff, J. Larry. "The Legislative Response to Alcoholism and Drug Addiction in the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990." Journal of Psychiatry & Law 21, no. 1 (March 1993): 77–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009318539302100105.

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The Americans With Disabilities Act was enacted in 1990 and became law on July 26, 1992. It represents the latest Congressional effort to provide protection against discrimination in the workplace to people with disabilities, giving them more access to employment opportunities for which they are qualified and which they can perform and imposing requirements on employers to help facilitate this through reasonable accommodations. The act also amended the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, extending the coverage of that earlier legislation to include more employers as covered entities as well as clarifying selected sections. For those who use or are addicted to alcohol or drugs, treatment under both acts has been uneven. The 1973 legislation was silent about these individuals except for an exclusionary provision dealing with current use vis-à-vis job performance and threats to the safety of other people and property. The Americans With Disabilities Act is more comprehensive in its approach both to individuals who use alcohol and drugs and to those who use them addictively. It has, however, still left some open questions and created some new concerns. The purpose of this article is to review the highlights of the Americans With Disabilities Act as it relates to alcohol and drug use and to explore some of the unresolved issues.

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Lusli, Mimi, Marjolein B. M. Zweekhorst, Beatriz Miranda-Galarza, Ruth M. H. Peters, Sarah Cummings, Francisia S. S. E. Seda, Joske F. G. Bunders, and Irwanto. "Dealing with Stigma: Experiences of Persons Affected by Disabilities and Leprosy." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/261329.

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Persons affected by leprosy or by disabilities face forms of stigma that have an impact on their lives. This study seeks to establish whether their experiences of stigma are similar, with a view to enabling the two groups of people to learn from each other. Accounts of experiences of the impact of stigma were obtained using in-depth interviews and focus group discussion with people affected by leprosy and by disabilities not related to leprosy. The analysis shows that there are a lot of similarities in impact of stigma in terms of emotions, thoughts, behaviour, and relationships between the two groups. The main difference is that those affected by leprosy tended to frame their situation in medical terms, while those living with disabilities described their situation from a more social perspective. In conclusion, the similarities offer opportunities for interventions and the positive attitudes and behaviours can be modelled in the sense that both groups can learn and benefit. Research that tackles different aspects of stigmatization faced by both groups could lead to inclusive initiatives that help individuals to come to terms with the stigma and to advocate against exclusion and discrimination.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Discrimination against people with disabilities – Zimbabwe'

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