Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Discrimination au travail'
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Aeberhardt, Romain. "Mesurer la discrimination sur le marché du travail." Phd thesis, Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01022111.
Full textAeberhardt, Romain. "Mesurer la discrimination sur le marché du travail." Phd thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0085.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three mostly empirical papers related to discrimination on the French labor market and one methodological paper using American data. The first one focuses on the wages and the employment status of French workers of Maghrebian origin, the second one focuses on their wages and hierarchical positions, the third one focuses on the heterogeneity of their employment gap relative to French workers whose parents were French at birth, and the fourth one re-examines the data from a controlled experiment assessing the impact of a criminal record on the probability of being hired. The value added of these papers is twofold. First they provide new evidence regarding the situation of second generation immigrants on the French labor market. Differences in wages and employment are high. However, once taken into account individual characteristics (age, qualification, etc. ), most of the wage gaps disappear, but substantial differences in employment and hierarchical positions remain. Moreover we provide an original description of the heterogeneity of the employment gap showing that it is wider for the individuals whose characteristics are associated to the lower employment probabilities (as identified in the reference population) than for those with the higher ones. Second, these papers bring methodological material to study discrimination. The first three papers try to incorporate notations and ideas which are now standard in public policy evaluation and consequently raise new issues regarding the decompositions of wage and employment gaps. The fourth article tries to discuss the methods commonly used in paired audit studies
Lattes, Jean-Michel. "Le principe de non discrimination en droit du travail." Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU10001.
Full textThe principle of non-discrimination in French labor law is now quite accepted. Its enforcement, however, raises a certain number of problems. The general frame of labor law is by nature unequalitarian. It is thus easy to spot, at every level: hiring, professional life, cessation of industrial relations, etc. . . , discriminatory situations. Some social categories such as: representatives of wage-earners, trade unionists, women, handicapped, young and elderly etc. . . Are particularly vulnerable. In front of this situation, which cannot be accepted in a state that follows the rule of law, what are the means that may lead to a true enforcement of the principle two centuries after the French "declaration of the rights of man". Will the state go on editing general norms whose applicability is far from being easy? Is there not a danger of "losing one's soul" if the state devotes itself to the exclusive protection of certain categories of persons, thus creating a new form of discrimination: positive discrimination. Would it not be better to give more powers to the judge in his endeavor to spot discriminatory situations that he alone can reveal, given the difficulties encountered to prove their existence. These are the questions raised by this study, to which it tries to offer tentative answers
Plassard, Jean-Michel. "Information imparfaite et discrimination sur le marché du travail." Toulouse 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU10069.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a reflexion on the labour market. The approach is theoretical concerning guidance, the considered problematics is market off from a traditional scheme of the discrimination which aimed at previleging an exogenous interpretation of the phenomenon. The statistical discrimination depends on the theory of information. It is based upon a rational behaviour of the employers who are in a state of doubt regarding the economic features of the potential workers. The appeal to variables which are easily observable as sex, race and diplomas may reduce this doubt in a cheap manner. The analysis of discrimination is made by studying the consequences of the employers' behaviours under much diversified theories
Plassard, Jean-Michel. "Information imparfaite et discrimination sur la marché du travail." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37600430d.
Full textLise, Manuella. "Le droit universel, européen et français relatif à la non-discrimination liée au travail et ses déclinaisons dans les collectivités territoriales régies par l'article 73 de la Constitution." Thesis, Antilles, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANTI0122/document.
Full textDifferentiated treatment of individuals or groups on the basis of race, religion, or social affiliation may be a form of continuity. There is a recent evolution of discrimination and inequalities in the workplace. The question then arises of the effectiveness of the intercolonial organization of labor in its task of developing converts and monitoring their application
Goulet, Isabelle. "Vers un principe de non-discrimination en droit du travail ?" Paris 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA020017.
Full textReynaud, François. "Contributions empiriques à l'étude des discriminations sur le marché du travail." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0348/document.
Full textThis thesis is composed of three articles. Each of them asks one question about discriminations. The first article interrogates if Seine-Saint-Denis inhabitants are statistically discriminated on a supposed violence ; where to do a fighting sport would be a violence signal. The second article investigates if Marseille accents are discriminated in the labor market. The third article asks if employers may use the name and the address as proxies to determine job candidates’ accent and, if they infer he holds a poor area accent, to discriminate on the basis of this accent. I use the correspondence study method to reply to these three questions. The first two correspondence studies lead to conclude to the negative to the first two questions. Concerning the third question, even if we cannot reply to it, the third correspondence study proves that the poor area accent is discriminated. Moreover, it shows that the name discrimination may overcomes the address one.General conclusions are that this thesis indicates employers do not take into account the practiced sport to hire and that to elaborate the design of a correspondence study implies to consider weak and strong signals. It also shows that correspondence studies can be used up to the moment where employers contact job applicants by phone and that they have different stereotypes in mind according to the accent they hear. Finally, it proposes to public policy makers to first decrease the name discrimination if they want to significantly impact the total discrimination
Jones, Emilia. "Discriminations, lieu de résidence et marché du travail." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0053/document.
Full textIn most of the developed societies, in France too, we are now witnessing an increase of the social and economic disparities between regions, an occurrence and persistence of neighborhoods "in difficulty", concentrating the most vulnerable populations. "Spatial segregation" appears as a norm of urban organization and territory as an issue of social cohesion. Many economic and sociological studies have sought to explain the differentials observed between these populations, particularly in the labor market. Three main mechanisms explain the impact of the place of residence on the individuals' labor market achievement: the spatial mismatch, the social environment and the discrimination based on place of residence. In this doctoral dissertation we focus on this last mechanism through which the place of residence affects the individuals' labor market achievement. Across three studies covering three chapters, we highlight three important elements in the analysis of discrimination related to place of residence: the feeling of discrimination, wage discrimination and employment discrimination. These are illustrated by different methods: an analysis of subjective survey data, an analysis of objective survey data and, finally, an analysis of experimental data. The main results are as follows. We have shown that there are specific effects of place of residence on the feeling of discrimination among young people. We have shown that the place of residence has a direct influence on the probability of finding a job after the school as well as on the salary associated with the job. Using a decomposition of wage differentials we have shown that there is a potential discrimination related to the place of residence that affects especially young women. We found a major impact of the residential county on the individuals’ chances of access to hiring. The same effect also exists, more weakly, at the level of the neighborhood reputation. An analysis of the order of answers to job candidates confirmed these results and revealed an even stronger discrimination. On the basis of these results, we propose policy recommendations related to different aspects of discrimination based on place of residence
Benioudaki, Anna. "Le droit de la discrimination fondée sur le handicap et l’état de santé et sa contribution à la lutte contre la discrimination multiple." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU10019.
Full textNowadays, the issue of labour discrimination is a complex and living subject matter that raises questions about the adaptedness of the rights that are specifically protected by labour legislation to the situation experienced by employees. Legal writing and case-law in this field are constantly evolving. In the first part of this study, we have considered disability and health condition as prohibited grounds of discrimination. Thus, we first analyzed the social construction of disability. Indeed, contrary to the medical model, the social one moves the problem away from the individual person and places it in the social processes that are linked to human diversity. We have examined the statutory duty of reasonable accommodation provided to persons with disabilities and its implementation by case-law, positive actions and their role against disability based discrimination as well as the explanation of the differences in treatment based on disability. We have studied the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, of 13 December 2006. This Convention has indeed become the core of European legislation and policy on disability, underlining its innovations. Furthermore, beyond the concept of “disability”, we have considered the issue of whether illness and unfitness are sufficient to justify a termination or if they are grounds of discrimination. The European legislator does not seem eager to include them in the prohibited discrimination grounds. Our study of the legislation that is protecting against discrimination based on disability has led us to conclude that it has brought solutions in cases where protection against discrimination based on health condition is not regulated. The second part of our study is dedicated to the analysis of multiple discrimination. We have highlighted the ineffectiveness of the European legislation and, thus, that of the majority of legislations of the European Union Member States in fighting against it. We have noted that what should be questioned is the legal categorization system itself. Indeed, it is absolutely inappropriate and does not allow to identify the real sense of the persons’ identity or, consequently, to identify discrimination based on more than one grounds that are interacting in such a manner that makes them totally indissociable. On this matter, we have concluded that the protection scheme against discrimination based on disability could also lead to solutions on the issue of identification of multiple discrimination and protection against it, thanks to the individual approach and to the context evaluation it requires. As a last step, the present study aims at supporting the introduction of the concept of “multiple discrimination” both in the European Union legislation and in that of the Member States. This would give a new impulse to the fight against discriminations and would allow to address the existing legislative deficiencies
Dos, Santos Nilo Rosa. "Marché du travail, économie informelle et discrimination : le cas de Salvador." Paris 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA010553.
Full textPeyronnet, Marie. "La diversité : étude en droit du travail." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0341.
Full textLabor law intervenes to regulate the relations between employer and employees within a micro-society that is the company. Logically, if we were all equal in access to employment, this "micro-society" should be a reflection of French diversity. However, in terms of recruitment, promotion and remuneration, we are not all treated on an equal footing, despite the long-standing equality of rights. Some "minorities" are disproportionately discarded from employment or promotion, or are paid less than others. The situation of these systemically discriminated groups does not seem to find a lasting solution solely by means of equal rights and the principle of non-discrimination. A more dynamic approach to equality therefore seems necessary in order to promote diversity within companies. Identifying and measuring the different "minorities" will be essential prerequisites in order to define more precisely what diversity is. The whole point of dealing with diversity as a whole is precisely to be able to question catch-up policies as a whole and not only through the prism of gender or age or disability. What components of diversity can and should benefit from specific measures and on what justifications? All differences can not be treated differently, at the risk of maintaining the stereotypes and prejudices that give rise to discrimination
Hervey, Tamara K. "Justifications for sex discrimination in employment /." London : Butterworths, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37498343x.
Full textBeloucif, Delphine. "La violence morale au travail." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX3A002.
Full textThere is two manners to settle moral violence at work. The first : to analyse mainly the acts of moral violence. It is necessary to found for each them a legal qualification and institute a systeme of sanction and repair. The second : to take essentially the consequences of moral violence into consideration. To fight the moral violence, it is necessary to prevent the damage on moral health
Gouider, Abdessalem. "La discrimination par genre sur le marché du travail : fondements théoriques et application au marché du travail tunisien." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131021.
Full textCayre-Castel, Meilland Christèle. "Durée du travail des femmes : principale variable de la discrimination sur le marché du travail dans l'Union Européenne." Paris 10, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA100084.
Full textGlover, Dylan. "Essays in labor economics : discrimination, productivity and matching." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IEPP0025/document.
Full textIn the first chapter I study how the job performance of minorities changes depending on whether they work with managers who are more or less biased against their type. I show that when minorities work with more biased managers they perform significantly worse compared to majority workers on a range of performance indicators. Yet minority performance is higher when working with non-biased managers. We argue that this is evidence of a self-fulfilling prophecy whereby biased managers make minorities less productive and this generates statistical discrimination in the firm’s hiring policy. The second chapter explores how shocking the value of a vacancy through offering free recruiting services to firms affects their demand for labor. Offering free recruitment services leads to large increases in vacancy postings. Furthermore, this translates into significant increases in hires in permanent contracts. These results suggest that active labor market policies directed at generating firm labor demand may have substantial added value in the labor market. In the final chapter it is shown that the the Charlie Hebdo attacks significantly reduced Muslim minority job search effort. Frims also reduced their search for minority candidates, but only for the permanent contracts. This drop is partially offset by an increase in counselor matching effort made for minorities after the shock, but only in areas with low latent levels of discrimination, as measured by the local vote share for the Front National
Giraudo, Gregory. "Travail et racisme : carrières d’intérimaires d’origine maghrébine et africaine et épreuves de la discrimination." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20131.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to focus on the employment and economic integration of people originating from the Maghreb and sub-Saharan Africa countries in temporary work. Firstly, emphasis will be put on the construction and expression of discrimination, revealing different types of racism that can be more or less strong, more or less direct, more or less obvious, more or less differentiated according to gender. The analysis of the identified process will lead us to mention the phenomenon of proliferation of frameworks and decentralization of discrimination in temporary work. Secondly, we‘ll consider racism as a test, and we’ll underline the mechanisms by which it occurs to temporary workers, and how they face contempt and violence in the workplace. We’ll see that as much as expression of racism, individual and collective strategies highlighted participate to reversibility in the temporary careers. This reversibility can express itself either by resistance against stigmatization or by strengthening and hardening of discrimination and exclusion mechanisms. But other individual and collective strategies can arise against racism and discrimination, in particular remaining silent, putting a veil over violence, contempt situations, insults and other humiliations. Then being a victim of racism consists in "saving face", keeping a secret, knowing that such strategies may end up in identity changes or even in "untold identities." Discrimination and racism that arise and exist in the framework of the temporary work is often hidden, veiled, slipping into the folds of interactions, hiding in the distribution of work tasks or in being given the dirty work; along with victims remaining silent or not even recognized as such, then we speak of silent discrimination in the temporary work
Berson, Clémence. "Impact de la concurrence sur la discrimination sur le marché du travail." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010013.
Full textCombarnous, François. "Discrimination et marché du travail urbain : le cas d'Abidjan en Côte d'Ivoire." Bordeaux 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR40033.
Full textThe aim of this work is to highlight the importance of the economic discrimination phenomenon in some developing countries. To this end, we will study the case of the urban labor market of abidjan in ivory coast. Two main lines of analysis can be drawn. On the one hand, the study of theories and procedures of measurement of labour market discrimination establishes the variety and complexity of the discriminatory processes likely to interfere with the labor market mechanisms. On the other hand, the empirical analysis of abidjan's urban labor market quite obviously emphasize the substantial part taken by discrimination in the explanation of the earnings differentials between socio-economics groups. Furthermore, it enables assessing the extent of the economic costs straight linked to various discriminatory behaviours
Dehoumon, Mathieu. "Les procédés de gestion par l'OIT de la discrimination au travail dans les Etats africains." Thesis, Grenoble, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011GREND008.
Full textIn the matter of labour, discrimination is a violation of Human Rights particularly the principles and fundamental rights guaranteed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) through its Constitution (1919) and especially Convention No. 100 (1951) related to the equal remuneration between men and women for a work of an equal value, and Convention No. 111 (1958) on the elimination of discrimination in employment and occupation. The practice of discrimination in African countries seems to be related to the context of poverty and exclusion entertaining feelings of injustice or inequality between men and women, between workers in a same office, between potential workers and employers. Among the victims of this scourge, women are most at risk in any breach of national and international standards of protection of their rights ; there are also persons belonging to minorities, and marked by some special features including ethnicity, family origin or political affiliation. They face new forms of discrimination that are more subtle. This research then analyzes the ILO's management mechanisms on discrimination at work in some African countries when there is a litigation based on a worker's sex or race. Highlighting the relevance of the ILO's political and legal processes of management on discrimination at work, this study attests that socio-cultural factors, lack of political will and the deficiency of the legal culture greatly enhance the difficulties of application of the principle of non-discrimination at work in some African countries. It also assesses the effectiveness of both methods while emphasizing on their complementary nature. Therefore, this research is to contribute firstly, to look for solutions to social conflicts that arise from male/female inequalities and ethnic exclusion in the workplace, and secondly, to help understand the actors and social agents' behavior and the issues in the organization and administration of labour in African countries such as overlap of interests
Morel, Sylvie. "Penurie d'emploi et discrimination à l'endroit des femmes sur le marche du travail." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61272.
Full textThe thesis verifies the discriminatory effects of job scarcity by examining the process of job allocation in the economy. An historical study covering the end of the last century to the crisis of the 1930's is the vehicle used to examine the employment rationing mechanisms that consolidated discriminatory practices.
Deschamps, Pierre. "Discrimination and public policies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0016/document.
Full textIn all three chapters of this dissertation, I try to see whether discrimination and own-group preferences exist, in different contexts, and what kind of public policies could mitigate or balance the negative effect of these preferences. In my first chapter, I rely on a famous ruling that changed the monopsony power of firms to see whether, as predicted by Becker, market failures have an impact on wage discrimination. I find that as monopsony power decreases, firms are no longer able to act on their prejudice, and wage discrimination disappears. This result shows that labour market context is essential in evaluating public policies, and that prejudice need not necessarily translate into wage discrimination. In the second chapter, I analyse the effect of another public policy, a 2015 reform that imposed gender quotas in academic recruitment committees. The reasoning of the policymakers was that increasing the share of women evaluators would improve the outcomes for women. I find the opposite instead; women are ranked worse by hiring committees after the reform. However, this result does not show that women discriminate against women. There is some evidence that this result is caused by the reaction of male jurors to the reform, since the negative effect of the reform is found only in committees that are helmed by male jury presidents. This chapter shows that it is necessary to evaluate public policies, lest reforms that are well-meaning in intention turn out to cause more harm than good. In the third and final chapter, I show two stylised facts: When cities decline, they tend to become more black, and black residents are disproportionately located in cities that pay low wages. One explanation for this could be that living in cities with a larger share of black residents is a positive amenity for black workers. I try to see whether workers have preferences for living in cities that have a larger share of co-ethnic residents, when controlling for wages, rents, transfers and network amenities. I find that these preferences are significant, and then try to see what share of the wage gap these preferences, and the imperfect sorting they imply, could explain
Faure-Levoux, Alice. "Les discriminations sexo-âgéistes en milieu professionnel : une étude psychosociale de leurs enjeux et de leurs conséquences individuelles et sociales." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ff9bf30e-a6e2-40a3-a903-7fa3280bf3b6.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the study of the mechanisms and joint effects of stigmatization due to age and gender in a professional context. The first two studies focus on the appearance of age-based and gender-based discrimination in various professional fields. 207 individuals participated in the first study and 177 in the second. The results show that the gender and ageist bias appear in priority occupations incongruent with the candidate's profile. It also seems that ageist bias appear in a more explicit form as gender bias, the latter being expressed insidiously. The third study is devoted to the consequences of that discrimination, widely perceived by individuals carrying a stigma (here, the seniors on the one hand, and women on the other). 168 seniors (male and female) participated in this study. The results are mixed but show that people feeling discriminated develop coping strategies to counter the negative effects of discrimination. The results of these three studies are discussed in an intersectional perspective, concluding with the idea that the accumulation of two stigmas may, where appropriate, lead to an increase or, on the contrary, to a reduction of the penalty of the affected individuals
Mandrick, Kevin. "Application de la spectroscopie proche infrarouge dans la discrimination de la charge de travail." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00868844.
Full textSahin, Poyraz. "Discrimination perçue au travail et (ré)aménagements identitaires de jeunes recrues d'orientation sexuelle minoritaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100112.
Full textThe study focuses on an exploration of the integration time of recently-recruited professionals who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual. Based on the qualitative analysis, we draw the general hypothesis that the processes of integration, organisational socialisation, and the construction of a future career path that are influenced both by the presence of heterosexist norms and perceived discrimination in the workplace as well as by sexual identity previously built in other parts of life. Our data were collected from twelve self-identified LGB young people who recently recruited in the workplace in the transportation and law using two studies: the first conducted with informal interviews to study the meaning given to subjective experience before and during the integration period in the organisation, and the second built from IMIS interviews to understand better the identity dynamics by analysing the subjective relationships between the individual and his environment. The results highlight that heterosexist norms remain dominant and show non-neutrality in the part of the professional world where the conversations include aspects of private life. From the moment of their arrival in the organisation, the young LGB people confront a dilemma between dissimulating and divulging their sexual identity, which requires identity management strategy handling to tackle different forms of discrimination and perceived homophobia. Among the identity management strategies, dissimulation based on pretending or avoiding of sexual orientation are the strategies that are used in the majority to avoid the different forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation that are anticipated in the workplace
Mitik, Lulit. "Genre, politiques publiques et travail des femmes." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0022.
Full textThe gender differentiated impacts of public policies are now widely recognized. A gender-aware approach to macroeconomic analysis is therefore a necessity in order to consider the diverse implications of gender relations. On this basis, this study analyses the impacts of trade liberalisation and the introduction of VAT through a computable general equilibrium modelling that treats women's and men's work separately. Two models are applied successively to Ethiopia and South Africa, then from a comparative perspective between the two countries. Four major results appear. Policy outcomes on gender-based inequalities are strongly affected by structural differences in women's and men's employment sectors. Furthermore, these differences explain why the same policy results in an increase in gender inequalities in one country while it reduces them in another. Moreover, the increase in women's labour market participation is not followed by a proportionate reduction in their domestic work. Finally, a substitution effect between parents and children occurs in household work activities as the former increase their market work, this, to the disadvantage of children's education, in particular that of girls
Balla, Kalto Loutou Amina. "Discrimination en raison du sexe et en matière d'emploi au Niger." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D016.
Full textThis study focuses on sexual discrimination in the area of employment in niger. It then includes an introduction to the evolution of vocation situation of the woman from niger through various social modern or wage-earning activities and traditional or undeclared activities must coexist, any reflexion on sexual discrimination grasps the modern sector as well as the underground sector. Firstly, the point is to highlight all froms of discrimination towards women and legal tools used to fight against this discrimination on national and international grounds. Although international law has evolved towards the acknowledgment of sexual equality the contrary is just proved by a domestic order where social and cultural factors slow down the advancement of women as far as job opportunities are concerned. Secondly these same factors combined with the complex character of the underground economy makes it difficult to implement non discriminatory principles in the underground sector. Finally, only an efficent regulation of the employment of women in the unstructured sector could lead to a gradual implementation of the non discriminatory principle (with first the equality of job prostects and possibly. .
Ghirardello, Ariane. "La discrimination sur le marché du travail : du problème de coordination à l'égalité dans l'emploi." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100152.
Full textThis thesis proposes an economic analysis of discrimination based on the concept of convention. This conventional order, which induces discrimination, is evaluated with respect to its coercive and excluding properties. But this analysis ignores both the normative dimension of convention and the individual representations that explain why the agents discriminate. The need to question this double dimension results in analysing the inefficiency of law as to its incapacity to induce fairer collective representations. The "legal order" must then be strengthened by imposing constraints of justice, in particular through affirmative actions that will be analysed with regard to theories of social justice
Lamlih, El Mekki. "La liberté religieuse en droit du travail français et italien." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA4001.
Full textPlace of work, a commercial enterprise is a theatre of a conflict between the freedom of the entrepreneur and the religious freedom of the employee: this research highlights the ways French and Italian labour laws approach the idea of freedom of religion a matter that long dwelt within the realm of public law (citizen/State). As any fundamental right, freedom of religion of an employee is protected and limited. This research focuses on any such effective protection and limitation within a comparative approach
Jolivet, Annie. "Entreprise et gestion de la main d'oeuvre vieillissante : organisation, discrimination." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010018.
Full textThe disadvantageous situation of ageing workers on the labour market questions the economic mechanisms generating this inequality. Our purpose is to contribute to their explanation by a microeconomic analysis of firms' behaviour towards these workers, focused on practices differenciating individuals in the firm : recruitment, training, promotion, lay-off. Discrimination theories are taken as a point of departure. Different models explaining the part played by the firm in the evolution of individual productive characteristics are then used (human capital, tournaments, delayed payment contracts, internal labour market). The consequences of the training and promotion practices pointed out upon recruitment and lay-off practices are finally analysed (parsons, oi and stankiewicz models, delayed payment contracts, internal labour market). To understand the diversity but also the consistency of firms' behaviours, their practices need to be considered simultaneously. Therefore, configurations of practices are built up trough the models previously used, completed by aoki's analysis. Those configurations are then compared to observed configurations in france, using two kinds of data : - monographic date concerning six establishments, gathered in 1993 and 1994; - data derived from the matching of a postal survey on ageing workforce management, carried out in 1991, with emmo-dmmo surveys. Those data, exploitable for 1,112 establishments, are submitted to a principal components analysis, an upward classification and a logistic regression. Nine clusters of establishents are analysed, revealing a strong differenciation of firms' behaviours
Douay, Sophie. "L'irruption de la génétique dans les relations de travail : nouveaux regards sur la protection de la santé au travail." Lille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIL20019.
Full textThe progress of molecular medicine applied in the work environment has fostered and continues to foster enormous hopes in terms of the recovery and the avoidance of illness, created from some dreadful fears of the emergence of a kind of "bio-cracy" or "geno-cracy", at the heart of which rules and values would be re-examined in the light of biol027475921ogical and genetic criteria, to which the scientific nature would confer a sort of absolute value. Apart from the fantasies of some, the development of genetic tests in the work environment would constitute an important market for the promoters and distributors concerned. .
Thuillier, Julien. "Effets de la discrimination et du risque de discrimination perçus au travail par les homosexuels sur la recherche de soutien et le bien-être psychologique au travail : le rôle des stratégies de présentation de soi." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20057.
Full textThis work aims to analyze the effects of perceived discrimination and discrimination risk on two key-dimensions of work socialization among gay and lesbian individuals : social support seeking and psychological well-being at work. Drawing from recent LGBT vocational literature, we assume that the relationships between discrimination (and discrimination risk) and these variables are mediated by identity management strategies (Woods, 1993) used by lesbian women and gay men (e.g., counterfeiting, avoiding and integrating). However, empirical evidence showed mixed findings regarding the relationships between: perceived discrimination (and discrimination risk) and identity management strategies; identity management strategies and interpersonal relationships building; identity management strategies and psychological well-being. With reference to Malrieu’s theory (1979) of a plural and active socialization, we attempt to overcome these mixed findings and posit that the relationships mentioned above are modulated by variables referring to the diversity of times and backgrounds in which individuals live. Data were collected using an online survey, which has been completed by 234 participants currently employed, and who identified themselves as lesbian or gay. Most of our hypothesis are validated and permit us to discuss both clinical practices targeted to sexual minority individuals and diversity management practices targeted to organizations
Thuillier, Julien. "Effets de la discrimination et du risque de discrimination perçus au travail par les homosexuels sur la recherche de soutien et le bien-être psychologique au travail : le rôle des stratégies de présentation de soi." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU20057.
Full textThis work aims to analyze the effects of perceived discrimination and discrimination risk on two key-dimensions of work socialization among gay and lesbian individuals : social support seeking and psychological well-being at work. Drawing from recent LGBT vocational literature, we assume that the relationships between discrimination (and discrimination risk) and these variables are mediated by identity management strategies (Woods, 1993) used by lesbian women and gay men (e.g., counterfeiting, avoiding and integrating). However, empirical evidence showed mixed findings regarding the relationships between: perceived discrimination (and discrimination risk) and identity management strategies; identity management strategies and interpersonal relationships building; identity management strategies and psychological well-being. With reference to Malrieu’s theory (1979) of a plural and active socialization, we attempt to overcome these mixed findings and posit that the relationships mentioned above are modulated by variables referring to the diversity of times and backgrounds in which individuals live. Data were collected using an online survey, which has been completed by 234 participants currently employed, and who identified themselves as lesbian or gay. Most of our hypothesis are validated and permit us to discuss both clinical practices targeted to sexual minority individuals and diversity management practices targeted to organizations
Noël, Olivier. "Une sociologie politique "de" et "dans" l'action publique de lutte contre les discriminations ethniques et raciales à l'emploi : construction sociale du problème public de la jeunesse et fabrication locale des référentiels des actions de prévention et de lutte contre les processus de désaffiliation." Montpellier 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON30007.
Full textThis thesis is a study of the local construction of referentials for state policy towards young people likely to get into a disaffiliation process. It is an analyse of the difficult conditions of emergence of the public issue of ethnic and racial discrimination as well as the obstacles in the inforcing of an actual policy aiming at preventing and fighting against all sorts of discrimination in the field of employment in France between 1991 and 2006. The analyse relies mainly on such state measures as "Local Missions" for the 16 to 25 and the "apprenticeship » plan of action
Zragua, Fatma. "Harcèlement et discrimination au travail : convergences et divergences de deux phénomènes d’exclusion de la même population cible." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB139.
Full textWhile discrimination and harassment at work are part of the prevention of psychosocial risks, the numerous studies concerning them have been carried out separately. However, not only do they appear concomitant within the structures concerned, but they seem to relate to the same target population. Are other similarities identifiable? Can we establish that the two phenomena are connected? Is harassment a mode of discrimination? Is discrimination the consequence of harassment at work? Or, is harassment and discrimination two facets of a larger phenomenon that needs to be identified? The central question of this research is the question of the convergence and divergence of harassment and discrimination at work. We propose to compare them in order to promote their understanding and guide their prevention. For this, three exploratory studies were conducted: two in support of secondary data and a third by collecting primary data. The first study consisted of gathering the results of four French and European statistical surveys on target populations of discrimination or harassment at work. We confirm the relevance of our research questions and highlight the existence of a first form of convergence of the two phenomena. In order to position them in relation to each other, we proceeded to a longitudinal study of case law in France over two periods, 2010-2012 and 2017, first separately and then comparing the data in order to to identify the evolutions. We conducted a content analysis using the Sphinx Plus 2 software. Our results support the targeting of harassment and discrimination on the same target population. They also highlight the use of harassment for the purpose of discrimination and, conversely, the use of discrimination, as in promotions or common management practices, as a form of harassment. Situations where discrimination and harassment are inseparable have also been identified. Three levels of practice have been distinguished: individual, managerial and structural, leading us to propose a modeling of the organizational dynamics at work by positioning them in a global process of exclusion. At this stage of our research, only the convergence of phenomena emerged from our results. The objective of our third study was to confront them with the representations of the harassment and the discrimination of the organizational actors. Thirteen in-depth interviews, recorded and retranscribed, were conducted with responsibles (HRD, responsible for diversity, etc.). The results of the content analysis conducted with the NVivo 11 software have, on the one hand, allowed us to refine our modeling by highlighting that harassment and discrimination at work can only be comprehended in an systemic approach, taking into account all levels of practice and their interrelationships. On the other hand, they pointed out a major divergence. This concerns the curative treatment of discrimination and harassment, which is based, for the first, on an unrestricted inclusion of employees, when, for the second, the exclusion of stalkers is generally required. Prevention of discrimination is seen as a reversal of the organizational dynamics of exclusion, while harassment as its reorientation
Icard, Julien. "Analyse économique et droit du travail." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010317.
Full textDouay, Sophie. "Travail et génétique : de la sélection préventive à la prévention sélective /." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38974319p.
Full textBibliogr. p. 631-718. Index.
Manseau, Véronique. "Étude sur la discrimination: une enquête sur le terrain." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27413.
Full textThe main subject of this master’s thesis is to figure out if handicapped people are victim of discrimination when employers choose who to invite for an interview in the province of Quebec. For this purpose, I did an experiment by sending fake resumes to jobs posted online. Some of these resumes mention a handicap and others don’t. To evaluate the effect of a handicap, compiled the positive and negative answers of the employers to my job offers. Thereafter, I tried to estimate if there is a significant difference between the answers received for people with a handicap and those without one. Then, I tried to determine how the answers differ according to the explanatory variables. I take into account, amongst others, if there are, or not, information about special subsidies for people with handicaps, the age of the candidate, his/her experience, and finally, the gender. The main purpose of this research is to determine if there is discrimination. One direct application could be to determine if handicapped people must include the information about their handicap in their curriculum vitae. This master’s thesis is included in a larger study of a research team.
Djabi, Anissa. "L'institutionnalisation d'une question sociétale en défis managériaux : le cas du Label Diversité dans le champ de la non-discrimination au travail." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0045.
Full textWith the breakthrough of the Anglo-saxon approach to manage a diverse workforce in this globalize world – best known as “Diversity management” in the USA – non-discrimination within the workplace became a major social issue and a growing concern for French companies in the early 2000s. So as to face the need to better understand the societal and managerial peculiarities of this phenomenon within the French context, this thesis explores the process of translating the issue of non-discrimination at work in managerial practices within companies. To understand and illustrate this process, this thesis provides an analysis of mixed data and an original case study: the French Diversity Label. To collect data and get access to the field, it was chosen to be immersed in a network of companies (FACE) with a 3-year research contract (CIFRE) and to complete immersion with a survey that implied two categories of participants: the designers of the Diversity Label and labelled companies. An integrative analysis grid combining neo-institutionalist theories and scientific literature on management instrumentation is also used. These methodological and theoretical choices allow us to meet the objective of this doctoral work at four levels. Considering non-discrimination at work as an organizational field, this thesis promotes a better understanding of the contextual characteristics regarding the issue of non-discrimination at work in France. In the light of theories of institutional change, it also offers a better understanding of the process by which the diversity approach enabled companies to consider and focus on the discrimination issue in their organisational practices. This thesis provides also an understanding of how these companies integrate and take ownership of the diversity management approach in practise. And finally, a first assessment of the effects of diversity management practices within companies is developed throughout the analysis of the Diversity Label in regards with appropriative perspectives of management instruments approach. In conclusion, this doctoral study questions the institutionalization of non-discrimination at work in France. It shows that this question seems not yet seen as a "natural fact" by all actors and questioned its ability to address the problem of discrimination in the workplace, in a context where a socioeconomic crisis is still going on
Jabbour, Rhéa. "La discrimination à raison de l'apparence physique (lookisme) en droit du travail français et américain : approche comparatiste." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010310/document.
Full textThe obsession with looks is predominant in our societies. The question of looks-based (weight, height, general attractiveness, attire, hair style, hygiene, piercings or tattoos, .. ) discrimination or lookism in the workplace is a multi-disciplinary question in relation to legal, social, ethical psychological, and business-related aspects, having a global and historical impact. Stereotypes are directly reflected in the job market (mainly in recruitment, salaries, promotion and firing). Has an employer the right to only hire tall and thin woman, to prohibit piercing or jogging or even (fire a woman for being too 'attractive'? In which cases and jobs? Should we legally prohibit lookism? How can the law and case law create a balance between the rights and liberties at stake? This thesis will shed the light on (i) the international, European, French and American (federal, sta1 and local) legal framework; (ii) major obstacles to a lookism-prohibition (difficulty of proof subjectivity, absence of a defined legal category; the employers' counter-arguments, ...), (iii) the reactions of American and French case law; and (iv) will conceive an ideal law, in balance between the rights and interests at hand. One question arises : is the law sufficient by itself? Does society changes the laws or is it the other way around?
Sinouvassane, Selvame Virginie. "La place de l'enseignement supérieur dans l'analyse des processus de discrimination : application aux groupes sociaux défavorisés en Inde." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010012.
Full textThe policy of compensatory discrimination in favour of underprivileged groups is not a new subject in India and the passionate debate it provokes is always in the news. The system of higher education which opens doors to the most interesting and the most respected jobs and which allows to reverse dominant positions is at the heart of this policy. In the first part, we question the functioning of the policy of compensatory discrimination. Is it possible and economically justifiable to augment the qualifications of the most underprivileged classes of society ? How is this policy currently implemented ? Although it is imperative to take action in the field of higher education, it has proved to be insufficient. In the second part, we shall study the results obtained in the labour market. Theseresults are based on statistics (degree holders and technical personnel), largely ignored until now, which throw ample light on the population of higher education degree holders, and on a field study carried out in coimbatore, a district of the state of tamil nadu situated in south-east India. This district has, for historical and political reasons, paid great attention to the problems of education and those facing underprivileged classes of society. The cohesion between the educational system and the labour market appears to be insufficient. The conditions required to facilitate the entry of higher education degree holders from the underprivileged classes of society into the professional world have not yet been put together. The policy of compensatory discrimination in India should therefore function in an environment in which educational and labour market policies coordinate
Suarez, Robles Pablo. "Gender disparities in Africa’s labour markets : An analysis of survey data from Ethiopia and Tanzania." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0057/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to contribute to our better understanding of the main factors behind large and persistent gender disparities in Africa's labour markets. This work looks at three key dimensions of labour market gender inequality in Africa: (i) the gender wage gap, (ii) gender inequalities in allocating time to market and household work, and (iii) the gender-differentiated income effect of informality. Chapter 2 shows that, in Ethiopia, progress towards gender equity in education is important to improve women's wages but not enough to close most of the gender wage differential. Other interventions would be needed as, for instance, information campaigns and other awareness-raising efforts in support of the anti-discriminatory provisions of Ethiopia's own constitution and legislation, to compensate for the adverse impact of unobservable factors (discriminatory practices, social and cultural norms…), that directly contribute to the gender wage gap and indirectly, through job selection. Chapter 3 highlights the coexistence of two phenomena in Ethiopia, a strong gender-based division of labour and a double work burden on women. The country would benefit from pursuing and intensifying its efforts to ensure better access to education at all levels for women, and from providing better information and enforcement of the law in support of women's economic and social well-being, as it would help changing mentalities and attitudes that impede women to take full advantage of their abilities and that keep them subordinated to men. Finally, in Chapter 4 we observe that, in Tanzania, women face a significantly higher informal employment wage penalty than men. To explain this result, we conjecture that the exclusion hypothesis, according to which individuals are denied access to formal jobs due to the disproportionate constraints they face (burden of household responsibilities, lack of adequate infrastructure…), is more acute among women.JEL classification : J16, J22, J24, J31, J42, J71
Leray, Isabelle. "Approche juridique du travail des femmes dans l'entre-deux-guerres." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT4002.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of women's exclusion in labour market between 1919 and 1939. In the first part, we can see that in spite of women's integration in economy, crisis, unemployment and decrease of birth rate to a calling into question of women's work. The family politic of this time is based on the refusal of women's work and the civil code which protects family to the detriment of women's rights. The second part deals with the women's work conditions. We want to prove that discriminations against women are justified by the protection of maternity. Even in the labour law the woman is principally a mother and a wife
Salhi, Maroua. "Impact des discriminations sur le stress au travail : une mesure du rôle de la valorisation organisationnelle." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA007/document.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to analyse and to explain the effects that can have, on one hand, organizational justice, recognition and trust in the work on the relationship between discriminatory perceptions and work stress. On the other hand, the effects that organisational valuation can have on the same relationship. These effects were analysed using a sample of 208 respondents Tunisians and French.This research highlighted a set of results at the same time on theoretical, methodological and managerial points of view. These results allowed to verify that there is a triple interactive effect between organisational justice, recognition and trust in the work, which constitute the organizational valuation. The latter plays an essential mediating role in the relationship between discriminatory perceptions and work stress.Key words : organizational justice, discriminatory perceptions, recognition, trust in the work, organizational valuation, work stress
Chadarevian, Pedro Caldas. "Des théories du racisme à l'analyse économique actuelle de ses conséquences sur le marché du travail au Brésil." Paris 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA030085.
Full textThis work analyses the logical failures of the neoclassical economic theory of discrimination and offers a synthesis of alternative critical perspectives in order to interpret the issue of racial inequalities in Brazil. Statistical analysis and new inequality measures find evidence about discriminatory mechanisms, strengthening the ethnicization of the labour force in this country. The results show that the economy is a central feature in the production and reproduction, simultaneously social and ideological, of racial inequalities in Brazil, where race and class are interrelated in such a way that the labour force remains divided along ethnic lines, flexible and entirely available according to the necessities of business cycles
Bettio, Francesca. "The sexual division of labour : the Italian case /." Oxford : Clarendon press, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37398021m.
Full textRating, Stefan. "Mittelbare Diskriminierung der Frau im Erwerbsleben nach europaischem Gemeinschaftsrecht des EuGH und die Voraussetzungen seiner Rezeption am Beispiel Spaniens und der Bundesrepublik /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb377502918.
Full textSchoenenberger, Sandrine. "Variation de prise en charge des patients : discrimination dans les soins et/ou charge de travail élevée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0419/document.
Full textThe French studies about discrimination in medical settings are focused on the general practitioners’ refusal to provide care depending on the patient’ insurance cover. Anglo-Saxon research examines the differences in care according to the patient’s ethnicity. Burgess (2010) suggests that discriminations in healthcare settings may happen more frequently when health care providers are put under high levels of cognitive load. Research in the fields of occupational psychology and ergonomics indicates that in cases of work overload, workers change their activity. Behavior described as discriminatory might result from regulation mechanisms of work overload regulation mechanisms. Two waves of interviews with healthcare providers (N = 22 for the first time and N = 6 for the second time) point to a link between discrimination and workload. Observations conducted in hospital settings and associated with a questionnaire as well as the NASA-TLX (N = 121) have shown that discriminations in a medical environment are limited. They are only related to the interpersonal aspect of care: medical acts (examination, care) are properly completed. The variations in the healthcare providers’ behavior occur when dealing with stigmatized patients and patients who are difficult to manage
Siakam, Victorine-Jolie. "Le droit des femmes au travail : étude comparée des droits camerounais et français." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL20014.
Full textThe ability to work and the rights that go with women exercising a professional activity are the result of lengthy legal developments both in France and Cameroon. Despite recognition of this right to work, various constraints persist and give rise to discrimination. Discrimination is sometimes de facto, in which case it is based in retrograde attitudes, and sometimes it is legal, in which case it is manifested in legal shortcomings. The legal tools used to promote women’s rights at work and to fight against all forms of professional discrimination are not completely identical in France and Cameroon. Nevertheless, the gains of one country can be perfectly transposed onto the other