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Journal articles on the topic 'Discrimination in sports – United States'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Speransky, Andrey. "OLYMPIC WARS BETWEEN THE USSR AND THE USA: SPORT AS A POLITICAL ARGUMENT." Ural Historical Journal 85, no. 4 (2024): 175–84. https://doi.org/10.30759/1728-9718-2024-4(85)-175-184.

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Using the example of the Olympic movement of the second half of the 20th century, the paper analyses the role of sport as a “soft power” instrument, used by world leaders to strengthen their positions in the international arena. It draws parallels with modern attempts by the “collective West”, led by the United States, along with numerous sanctions, to use sport as a mechanism of national discrimination and international isolation of Russia. It is demonstrated that the policy restricting participation in the Olympic Games has always been applied by dominant countries to defeated rivals and pot

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Hiemstra, Laurie. "Has Gender On The Agenda Really Made A Difference? In Sport and Athletics, Women Are Not Just Smaller Men." Journal of Women's Sports Medicine 2, no. 2 (2022): 125–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.53646/jwsm.v2i2.34.

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2022 has marked the 50th anniversary of Title IX, the educational amendment in the United States that prohibits discrimination in educational institutions based on sex. This amendment had major implications for female athletes in the United States, resulting in large increases in participation in sports and athletics by women. The historical myths surrounding women participating in athletic events have been largely dismissed. Many initiatives have worked to improve the numbers of female health care providers in orthopaedics and sport medicine. However, the changes are slow, and the culture in

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Floyd, Michael, and John Curtis. "Has Anti-Discrimination Legislation Improved the Employment Opportunities of Disabled People?" Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 10, no. 2 (2004): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200000235.

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This article will first of all consider, in some detail, the recent efforts of researchers in the United States to determine whether the Americans with Disabilities Act has improved the employment opportunities of disabled people. It will then go on to examine data on the employment situation of disabled people in the United Kingdom and how this has changed during the period since December, 1997, when the Disability Discrimination Act came into force. Tentative conclusions are then drawn, regarding the effectiveness of the legislation. The article ends with a consideration of the ways in which

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Grant, Aimee. "“#discrimination”." Journal of Human Lactation 32, no. 1 (2015): 141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890334415592403.

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Background: Stigma is a significant barrier to breastfeeding. Internationally, mothers have reported stigma surrounding public breastfeeding. In the United Kingdom, the Equality Act 2010 gives women the right to breastfeed in public, including within private businesses. In April 2014, a woman who was breastfeeding in a UK sports shop was asked to leave, resulting in a localized protest by breastfeeding mothers. This resulted in the issue of public breastfeeding being highlighted in local, national, and social media. Objective: To examine online opinion regarding breastfeeding in public and pro

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Pharr, Jennifer R., and Kavita Batra. "Social–Ecological Determinants of Suicidal Ideation Among Sexual and Gender Minority Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study in the United States." Healthcare 12, no. 24 (2024): 2540. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare12242540.

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Background/Objectives: Sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults are at an increased risk for suicide and suicidal ideation compared with cisgender/heterosexual adults. Due to the complexity of suicidal ideation, individual, social, and systemic factors must be considered. The purpose of this study was to identify determinants of suicidal ideation among SGM adults using constructs from the Social–Ecological Model (SEM). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of data collected from 1034 SGM adults between 27 January and 7 February 2022, and variables reflected the four constructs of the SEM, i

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Sharrow, Elizabeth A. "Sports, Transgender Rights and the Bodily Politics of Cisgender Supremacy." Laws 10, no. 3 (2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10030063.

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Between 2020 and 2021, one hundred and ten bills in state legislatures across the United States suggested banning the participation of transgender athletes on sports teams for girls and women. As of July 2021, ten such bills have become state law. This paper tracks the political shift towards targeting transgender athletes. Conservative political interests now seek laws that suture biological determinist arguments to civil rights of bodies. Although narrow binary definitions of sex have long operated in the background as a means for policy implementation under Title IX, Republican lawmakers no

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7

Wang, Ying-Chih, Dennis L. Hart, Daniel Deutscher, Sheng-Che Yen, and Jerome E. Mioduski. "Psychometric Properties and Practicability of the Self-Report Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire in Patients With Pelvic-Floor Dysfunction Seeking Outpatient Rehabilitation." Physical Therapy 93, no. 8 (2013): 1116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20120134.

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BackgroundPelvic-floor dysfunction (PFD) affects a substantial proportion of individuals, mostly women. In responding to the demands in measuring PFD outcomes in outpatient rehabilitation, the Urinary Incontinence Questionnaire (UIQ) was developed by FOTO in collaboration with an experienced physical therapist who has a specialty in treating patients with PFD.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric properties and practicability of the 21-item UIQ in patients seeking outpatient physical therapy services due to PFD.DesignThis was a retrospective analysis of cross-sectiona

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Youn, Hoyeun. "'Korean Police' Selection Without Gender Distinction: A Review of the Physical Fitness Test: Focusing on the United States, France, and Japan." J-Institute 8 (August 31, 2023): 32–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22471/terrorism.2023.8.32.

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Purpose: The purpose of eliminating gender segregation in physical fitness testing for police recruitment can be understood as twofold. In the case of a gender-neutral selection process, a police organization can eliminate gender segregation in the selection process, including the physical fitness test, in order to pro-vide an equal opportunity for all applicants. The idea is to ensure that both men and women can take the test under the same conditions and that the best candidates are selected for police positions based on their abilities and skills. Gender-neutral job requirements. As with an

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9

Wu, Han. "Unveiling Gender Inequality in American High School Golf: A Time Series Analysis and Future Prediction." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 88 (March 29, 2024): 1214–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/n1fep613.

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Gender inequality remains a significant and persistent issue in golf. While some scholars have studied its historical origins, current status, and measures, there is a dearth of research focused on high school golf. Few studies have explored the specific challenges female high school golfers face, accurate predictions for future trends are lacking. This study uses a time series chart to visualize the male-female ratio of high school golf players in the United States from 2010/2011 to 2021/2022. The data is then fitted into an ARIMA model to forecast future trends. The visualization of the data

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McLarnon, Michael, Jane Thornton, Gail Knudson, et al. "A Scoping Review of Transgender Policies in the 15 Most Commonly Played UK Professional Sports." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (2023): 3568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043568.

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Introduction: There has been much debate recently on the participation of transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) athletes in sport, particularly in relation to fairness, safety and inclusion. The 2021 IOC Framework on Fairness, Inclusion and Non-discrimination acknowledges the central role that eligibility criteria play in ensuring fairness, particularly in the female category, and states that athletes should not be excluded solely on the basis of their TGD identity. Aims: To identify policies that address TGD athlete participation in the 15 major United Kingdom (UK) sporting organisations and t

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Iverson, Ila A., Charles E. Gaudet, and Nathan E. Cook. "1 Perceived Cognitive Impairment in High School Students in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, s1 (2023): 874–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617723010780.

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Objective:The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), conducted by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in 2019, revealed that a large percentage of boys (30%) and girls (45%) reported serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions as a result of a physical, mental, or emotional problem. In 2021, the CDC conducted the Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey (ABES). The ABES included similar methodology and content as the YRBS. This study analyzed ABES data to examine correlates of perceived cognitive impairment among high school students in the

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Truskewycz, Hayley, and Lombe Mwambwa. "The role of the Global Observatory in addressing Gender Based Violence in Sport+." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 10, no. 2 (2025): 016. https://doi.org/10.36950/2025.2ciss016.

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Introduction: Gender-based violence, including violence against women and girls, in all their diversity, is a pervasive human rights abuse and a public health crisis of epidemic proportions that has garnered considerable attention in political dialogues and within international institutions. Recently, attention on gender-based violence has extended to sport, physical activity and physical education (PEPAS) contexts. While a broad range of actors across government, intergovernmental, NGO, and sport sectors have begun to take action to address forms of gender-based violence in PEPAS there is a l

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Chowdhury, Dalia, Emily M. Lund, Chandra Donnell Carey, and Qiwei Li. "Intersection of discriminations: Experiences of women with disabilities with advanced degrees in professional sector in the United States." Rehabilitation Psychology 67, no. 1 (2022): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/rep0000419.

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14

Bank, Steven A. "FIFA, Forced Arbitration, and the U.S. Soccer Lawsuits." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 30, no. 1 (2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/23892.

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American soccer has been besieged by lawsuits. In the last two years alone, the United States Soccer Federation (“U.S. Soccer”) has been hit with two antitrust lawsuits, two Equal Pay Act and Title VII gender discrimination lawsuits, and a trademark lawsuit, while two of its professional league members are engaged in their own trademark lawsuit. One threshold question that has received scant attention in the media is whether these disputes should be in federal court at all. Under the Statutes and Regulations of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (“FIFA”), soccer’s global gov

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Abreu, Christina D. ""A Totally Loyal Cuban": Afro-Cuban Boxer Teófilo Stevenson and the 1972 Olympic Games." Cuban Studies 53, no. 1 (2024): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cub.2024.a930637.

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ABSTRACT: The Afro-Cuban Teófilo Stevenson entered the world boxing scene at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich, Germany. It was at those games that he won his first of three gold medals in heavyweight boxing and emerged as a Black celebrity, sports icon, and Cuban national hero. This article examines the overlapping and, at times, competing identities as they were constructed in Cuba's official discourse and in popular US and Cuban newspapers and magazines. The son of Black West Indian migrants, Stevenson stood out for more than his rejection of million-dollar offers to leave the island to purs

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Sorby, Sheryl Ann, Gavin Duffy, and So Yoon Yoon. "Math Instrument Development for Examining the Relationship between Spatial and Mathematical Problem-Solving Skills." Education Sciences 12, no. 11 (2022): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12110828.

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Spatial cognition involves the ability to acquire, organize, and use spatial information in the “mind’s eye.” Numerous correlational studies have demonstrated the strong relationship between spatial cognition and skill in problem-solving in mathematics. Educational researchers across the globe aim to improve students’ mathematics problem-solving ability since these skills are often viewed as the gateway to further study in the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers of the future. As a result, causal studies showing that spatial cognition interventions can improve math

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Pandey, Piyush, Kitt G. Payn, Yuzhen Lu, et al. "Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Machine Learning for the Detection of Fusiform Rust Disease Incidence in Loblolly Pine Seedlings." Remote Sensing 13, no. 18 (2021): 3595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13183595.

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Loblolly pine is an economically important timber species in the United States, with almost 1 billion seedlings produced annually. The most significant disease affecting this species is fusiform rust, caused by Cronartium quercuum f. sp. fusiforme. Testing for disease resistance in the greenhouse involves artificial inoculation of seedlings followed by visual inspection for disease incidence. An automated, high-throughput phenotyping method could improve both the efficiency and accuracy of the disease screening process. This study investigates the use of hyperspectral imaging for the detection

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18

Ireni-Saban, Liza. "Genomics Governance in the United States and the United Kingdom." European Journal of Comparative Law and Governance 1, no. 3 (2014): 244–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134514-00103003.

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Technological innovation in the area of personalised genetic data poses novel regulatory concerns for state governance. Since personalised genetic data reveals highly sensitive and private information about a person’s susceptibility to illness, it may lead to stigmatisation, discrimination, and breach of privacy. Although legal arrangements for personal or medical data have always been governmental and legal concerns, the introduction of genetic technologies over the past two decades has breathed new life into the idea of privacy and non-discrimination protection for individuals and communitie

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19

Neumark, David. "Age Discrimination Legislation in the United States." Contemporary Economic Policy 21, no. 3 (2003): 297–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cep/byg012.

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Painter, Genevieve R., Stephanie Bornstein, and Joan C. Williams. "Discrimination against Mothers Is the Strongest Form of Workplace Gender Discrimination: Lessons from US Caregiver Discrimination Law." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 28, Issue 1 (2012): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2012004.

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Work-family reconciliation is an integral part of labour law as the result of two major demographic changes. The first is the rise of the two-earner family. The second is that, as Baby Boomers age, caring for elders has become a pressing concern for men as well as women. Despite these changes, most European and American workplaces still assume that the committed worker has a family life secured so that family responsibilities do not distract him from work obligations. This way of organizing employment around a breadwinner husband and a caregiver housewife, which arose in the late eighteenth ce

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21

Nkimbeng, Manka, Janiece Taylor, Laken Roberts, et al. "Older African Immigrants’ Experiences of Discrimination in the United States." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2408.

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Abstract Discrimination is implicated in the disproportionate burden of disease and health disparities in racial/ethnic minorities. This qualitative descriptive study explored the experiences of discrimination and its impact on the health of older African immigrants. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants. Three main themes and six sub-themes were identified. These included: 1) types of discrimination: a) accent-based, b) unfair treatment during routine activities, c) experience with police and other systems; 2) costs of discrimination; 3) surviving and thriving with di

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22

Seng, Michael P. "Testing for Housing Discrimination in the United States." Časopis pro právní vědu a praxi 24, no. 3 (2016): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cpvp2016-3-1.

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Meyerowitz, Basil R. "Discrimination: Alive and Well in the United States." Obesity Surgery 6, no. 2 (1996): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1381/096089296765557150.

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Findling, Mary G., Sara N. Bleich, Logan S. Casey, et al. "Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of Latinos." Health Services Research 54, S2 (2019): 1409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13216.

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Franz, L. M., and J. N. Lahey. "Age Discrimination Legislation in the United States and the United Kingdom." Public Policy & Aging Report 22, no. 3 (2012): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ppar/22.3.17.

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Mendy, Ousu. "Discrimination as a Global Paradigm: United Kingdom and United States of America in Focus." Lampung Journal of International Law 5, no. 2 (2023): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v5i2.3030.

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In spite of the commitment of the international community to the protection of human rights, equality before the law still remains a global problem. This research focuses on the problem of discrimination as a worldwide issue imposed on society. The aim of this research is to present a global perspective on the current threat of discrimination as a paradigm shift from equality before the law as a universal principle articulated in Universal Declaration of Human Rights which is the principal human rights instrument. A normative research method is used in this work with extensive theoretical appr

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Pan, Shuya, Chia-chen Yang, Jiun-Yi Tsai, and Chenyu Dong. "Experience of and Worry About Discrimination, Social Media Use, and Depression Among Asians in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Cross-sectional Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 9 (2021): e29024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29024.

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Background The COVID-19 outbreak has spurred increasing anti-Asian racism and xenophobia in the United States, which might be detrimental to the psychological well-being of Asian people living in the United States. Objective We studied three discrimination-related variables, including (1) experience of discrimination, (2) worry about discrimination, and (3) racism-related social media use during the COVID-19 pandemic among Asians in the United States. We examined how these three variables were related to depression, and how the association between racism-related social media use and depression

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Templeman, Maureen, and William Haley. "RACE, CAREGIVING, AND PERCEIVED DISCRIMINATION AMONG WORKING ADULTS IN THE UNITED STATES." Innovation in Aging 8, Supplement_1 (2024): 743–44. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igae098.2421.

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Abstract General and workplace discrimination have been studied extensively in the general population, with Black/AA individuals consistently reporting more discrimination than White individuals. However, the intersection of race, employment, and caregiving has rarely been studied. We applied stress process and minority stress theories to address these issues. Using data from the Midlife in the United States study, we examined perceived general discrimination (lifetime and everyday) and workplace discrimination (chronic job discrimination and work inequality) among working Black/AA caregivers

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Bruyère, Susanne M., Sarah von Schrader, Wendy Coduti, and Melissa Bjelland. "United States Employment Disability Discrimination Charges: Implications for Disability Management Practice." International Journal of Disability Management 5, no. 2 (2010): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jdmr.5.2.48.

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AbstractIt is 20 years since the passage of the Americans With Disabilities Act, yet employment and economic inequities continue for people with disabilities. The purpose of this article is to inform and encourage disability management leading practices to contribute toward reducing these disparities. The approach is an examination of where in the employment process applicants and incumbent employees perceive employment disability discrimination, leading to the filing of charges against an employer. Employment disability discrimination claims filed by individuals over 15 years (1993–2007) with

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Wajiran, Wajiran, and Nur Alifah Septiani. "The subordination of black people in the United States Toni Morrison’s novel, Beloved." NOTION: Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Culture 5, no. 1 (2023): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/notion.v5i1.7064.

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This paper is aimed at discussing Morrison’s novel, Beloved dealing with the issues of human discrimination in the United States. Morrison is a writer who voices human values through discussions on issues of discrimination due to ethnicity, race, and skin color, especially that conducted against black people. She was instrumental in fighting for civil and political rights for black people in the United States, especially in Ohio. This study involves the theory of genetic structuralism to understand the concept of white supremacy. This is intended to see the relationship between white supremacy

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Brummett, Abram, and Lisa Campo-Engelstein. "Conscientious objection and LGBTQ discrimination in the United States." Journal of Public Health Policy 42, no. 2 (2021): 322–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41271-021-00281-2.

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Hongchintakul, Tavatchai, and Brian H. Kleiner. "Discrimination and harassment in the United States Postal Service." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 21, no. 8/9/10 (2001): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443330110789736.

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Fox, S. Ross. "Editorial Discrimination: Alive and Well in the United States." Obesity Surgery 5, no. 4 (1995): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1381/096089295765557340.

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SteelFisher, Gillian K., Mary G. Findling, Sara N. Bleich, et al. "Gender discrimination in the United States: Experiences of women." Health Services Research 54, S2 (2019): 1442–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13217.

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Blendon, Robert J., and Logan S. Casey. "Discrimination in the United States: Perspectives for the future." Health Services Research 54, S2 (2019): 1467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13218.

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Bleich, Sara N., Mary G. Findling, Logan S. Casey, et al. "Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of black Americans." Health Services Research 54, S2 (2019): 1399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13220.

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Findling, Mary G., Logan S. Casey, Stephanie A. Fryberg, et al. "Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of Native Americans." Health Services Research 54, S2 (2019): 1431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13224.

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McMurtry, Caitlin L., Mary G. Findling, Logan S. Casey, et al. "Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of Asian Americans." Health Services Research 54, S2 (2019): 1419–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13225.

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Benson, John M., Eran N. Ben‐Porath, and Logan S. Casey. "Methodology of the Discrimination in the United States survey." Health Services Research 54, S2 (2019): 1389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13226.

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Hochschild, Jennifer L. "Theorizing Discrimination in an Era of Contested Prejudice: Discrimination in the United States." Contemporary Sociology: A Journal of Reviews 38, no. 4 (2009): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009430610903800442.

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Schweizer, Tess Kate, Maxime Mauduy, Juan M. Falomir-Pichastor, and Nicolas Margas. "How sport teaches values? The specific ability of intense bodily commitment to enhance norm adherence." Current Issues in Sport Science (CISS) 8, no. 2 (2023): 028. http://dx.doi.org/10.36950/2023.2ciss028.

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Introduction Teaching norms and values through sport and physical education (PE) is a worldwide expectation (European Parliament, 2007; International Olympic Committee, 2020), even though little is known about processes that could explain such expectation (Hatzigeorgiadis et al., 2013). Identifying them is fundamental to overcome this ideology and to improve educational programs through sport. As personal values are built according to salient social norms (Jonas et al., 2008), past research in sport and educational sciences focused on identifying salient norms and values during sport pra

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Jalalzai, Farida. "Anxious and Active: Muslim Perception of Discrimination and Treatment and its Political Consequences in the Post-September 11, 2001 United States." Politics and Religion 4, no. 1 (2010): 71–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048310000519.

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AbstractUtilizing both quantitative and qualitative analysis, this article assesses discrimination and anxiety among Muslims in the post-September 11, 2001 United States. Substantial portions of Muslim-Americans are indeed anxious and report personal and group discrimination. However, this is guided by many factors including religious salience, age, education, political attentiveness, native born status, and years lived in the United States. Respondents who are more anxious and know victims of religious discrimination are also more active in politics. However, personal experiences with discrim

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Ouyang, Sanji. "The Effect of Racism and Hostility on Asian American’s Identity and Wellbeing during COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Related Factors." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 21 (February 15, 2023): 56–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v21i.3423.

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Discrimination and prejudice against Asians in the United States have existed for centuries, beginning in the 19th century. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic continually spreads worldwide, Asian Americans’ identity in the United States has become even more threatened. This study analyses the impact of social discrimination and prejudices on the social level and well-being of Asian Americans. To do so, this paper reviewed a large body of literature focusing on explaining the historical background of Asian Americans, the "model minority myth" stereotype, and the impact of the traditional Eastern

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Kwasi Elike, Philip. "Workplace and Healthcare Discrimination Experiences and Choice of Medical Service Providers Among Black African Immigrants: a Study of a Ghanaian American Sample." International Journal of Arts, Humanities & Social Science 05, no. 9 (2024): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.56734/ijahss.v5n9a2.

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Background and Purpose: Black African immigrants, which includes Ghanaian immigrants, experience discrimination in various forms in the United States. While research on African immigrant experiences of discrimination is very scanty, studies on Ghanaian immigrants’ experience of discrimination in employment and healthcare in the United States are at the bare minimum. This study is, therefore, important in contributing to filling the gap in the research by exploring the experiences of discrimination and racism in the workplace and the healthcare system among the Black African Immigrant populatio

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Alhussainy, Hussain. "Barred from the Border." Crossings: An Undergraduate Arts Journal 4, no. 1 (2024): 236–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/crossings200.

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This article critically examines how disability discrimination manifests within the immigration systems of Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Despite Canada's reputation as a welcoming nation, the article argues that its points-based immigration system perpetuates ableist notions, treating disabled immigrants as economic burdens. The analysis explores the historical context of Canada's immigration system, its impact on disabled immigrants, and draws comparisons with other nations. The examination of the United States reveals discriminatory practices and ableist langu

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Dickson, Lexus, Samuel Bunting, Alexis Nanna, Megan Taylor, Mindi Spencer, and Liam Hein. "Older Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Adults’ Experiences With Discrimination and Impacts on Expectations for Long-Term Care: Results of a Survey in the Southern United States." Journal of Applied Gerontology 41, no. 3 (2021): 650–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07334648211048189.

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The number of older adults in the United States is projected to increase in coming years, including the number of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, or questioning (LGBTQ+) older adults requiring long-term care (LTC) services. We conducted an online survey of older LGBTQ+ adults living in the Southern United States between January and March of 2018 to inquire about their anticipation of discrimination in and willingness to utilize LTC services. We found that 78.6% of respondents ( N = 789) anticipated discrimination in LTC. Previous experiences with discrimination, higher educational

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Miller, Mark C. "Legal Discrimination in the United States based on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity." American Studies in Scandinavia 49, no. 1 (2017): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/asca.v49i1.5462.

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When the U.S. Supreme Court declared that same-sex marriage would be legal throughout the country, that decision did not end the possibility of other types of discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. The U.S. Supreme Court has been very unclear about what standard to use when the courts face claims of discrimination based on these characteristics. In cases decided under the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause, the Court has stated that lower courts should use one of three standards, based on the type of discrimination alleged. These three standards for r

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Chen, Che. "To What Extent Does Racial Discrimination Affect Blacks Working in the United States?" Advances in Social Behavior Research 10, no. 1 (2024): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7102/10/2024087.

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This study provides an in-depth discussion of the effects of racial discrimination in the United States on blacks when it comes to job searching and job advancement. Compared to Whites, blacks are inlcined to be more satisfied with their employment, but they have more difficulty finding jobs, and most of them are inclined to be in lower level jobs and slow to advance. Racial discrimination affects society in many ways. White racists can have a large impact on blacks so it is crucial to understand this impact. Previously, racial discrimination in the U.S. would have a large impact on the daily

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Gong, Fang, Jun Xu, and David T. Takeuchi. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in Perceptions of Everyday Discrimination." Sociology of Race and Ethnicity 3, no. 4 (2016): 506–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2332649216681587.

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This study examines differences in perceptions of discrimination across multiple racial and ethnic minority groups. We focus on structural factors such as race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) and psychosocial factors such as racial/ethnic identities as predictors of perceived everyday discrimination. Data come from the Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), and analyses reveal several important patterns. First, perceived everyday discrimination is highly prevalent among racial/ethnic minorities in the United States and these perceptions largely reflect existing racial/

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Yu, Nan, Shuya Pan, Chia-chen Yang, and Jiun-Yi Tsai. "Exploring the Role of Media Sources on COVID-19–Related Discrimination Experiences and Concerns Among Asian People in the United States: Cross-Sectional Survey Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (2020): e21684. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21684.

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Background Media coverage and scholarly research have reported that Asian people who reside in the United States have been the targets of racially motivated incidents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective This study aimed to examine the types of discrimination and worries experienced by Asians and Asian Americans living in the United States during the pandemic, as well as factors that were associated with everyday discrimination experience and concerns about future discrimination that the Asian community may face. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. A total of 235 people w

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