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Academic literature on the topic 'Discrimination sexuelle dans l'emploi – Dans les représentations sociales'
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Journal articles on the topic "Discrimination sexuelle dans l'emploi – Dans les représentations sociales"
Lee-Gosselin, Hélène, and Claudine Baudoux. "Femmes au travail." Présentation 5, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/057696ar.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Discrimination sexuelle dans l'emploi – Dans les représentations sociales"
Kouidri, Haoua. "Quelle égalité professionnelle entre les femmes et les hommes dans la fonction publique territoriale ? : effets du sexe et du genre sur les représentations sociales de la réussite proffessionnelle, de la compétence et sur les interférences entre travail et famille." Thesis, Reims, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REIML019/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to better understand men and women's choices in the workplace, to better understand and overcome the perpetuation of professional gender inequalities in the public sector, as this organizational system is supposed to be neutral and equal by definition. This work, composed of a series of studies, was carried out under a convention to establish an internal device for promoting equality between men and women as a cross-cutting project.On the theoretical aspect, social categorization theory and social representation theory (Moscovici, 1961) are articulated. We analyze the effects of sex, gender – e.g. gendered stereotypes identification (Bem, 1974) - hierarchical status and job sector on social representations of gender equality, professional success and competence. We use categorical and prototypical analyses (Vergès, 1992) and discriminant analysis (Doise et al., 1992). In addition, we analyse the effect of gender in interaction with sex on work and private life balance. Our results reveal the need to take into account cultural factors, such as gender stereotypes and social representations, in order to explain the gender gap in the professional field. Finally, we discuss our results at a societal and ideological level which contain elements that can be used to negotiate feminine and masculine values in the sexual division of labor
Faure-Levoux, Alice. "Les discriminations sexo-âgéistes en milieu professionnel : une étude psychosociale de leurs enjeux et de leurs conséquences individuelles et sociales." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ff9bf30e-a6e2-40a3-a903-7fa3280bf3b6.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the study of the mechanisms and joint effects of stigmatization due to age and gender in a professional context. The first two studies focus on the appearance of age-based and gender-based discrimination in various professional fields. 207 individuals participated in the first study and 177 in the second. The results show that the gender and ageist bias appear in priority occupations incongruent with the candidate's profile. It also seems that ageist bias appear in a more explicit form as gender bias, the latter being expressed insidiously. The third study is devoted to the consequences of that discrimination, widely perceived by individuals carrying a stigma (here, the seniors on the one hand, and women on the other). 168 seniors (male and female) participated in this study. The results are mixed but show that people feeling discriminated develop coping strategies to counter the negative effects of discrimination. The results of these three studies are discussed in an intersectional perspective, concluding with the idea that the accumulation of two stigmas may, where appropriate, lead to an increase or, on the contrary, to a reduction of the penalty of the affected individuals
Pomiès-Maréchal, Sylvie. "Marginalisation et valorisation de la femme anglaise dans le cadre familial et professionnel au XXe siècle." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100124.
Full textThis thesis is a cross-disciplinary research hinging around several fields of study. It aims at examining the mechanisms of marginalisation and improvement of women's status in 20th century English society. The public and private spheres are studied from a historical, sociological and legal perspective, focusing more particularly on the interaction between change and continuity. Within the private sphere, in spite of pervasive stereotyped social roles, one can observe a relatively linear progressive process, notably with the acknowledgement of women's rights to contraception and abortion. Inversely, within the professional sphere, this pattern is much more cyclical, being largely determined by external events and emergencies. Access to the public sphere is thus both an improving and marginalizing process : female work is viewed as peripheral and sporadic. Work-life balance appears as a crucial element. It implies an increased access to employment and a fairer share of parental and household responsibilites. The work-life balance issue has lately gathered momentum. We shall see whether these developments concur to English women's improved position
Couprié, Hélène. "L'influence du contexte institutionnel et familial sur l'offre de travail des femmes : approches microéconomiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24011.
Full textCarrié-Maisonneuve, Nathalie. "Recteurs d'académie : la place des femmes." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100107.
Full textSince 1973, few women have been promoted rector (i. E. Director of French educational district). Are there differences in the background, the evolution in administrative career between men and women? Are there inequalities to access this position? We researched existing datas and made directed interviews with 22 rectors (11 men and 11 women). The statistical analysis has disclosed some inequalities. The thematic analysis has shown similarities in school success, career evolution and conception of the rector position. For differences, women rectors were pioneer because they have evolved in male environment, and they needed to do more than men. Fu this position, to be a woman could be an advantage or a disadvantage. Women rectors pay more intention for their family life and give preference to their professional activities whereas men and most women do not
Barrois, Amandine. "La journée de travail : organisation, valorisation et inégalités sociales." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL12011/document.
Full textThis thesis aims at understanding how the working day is organized and how this daily organization of working time reveals deep social inequalities between workers, particularly between men and women. The numerous works that have studied working time in recent decades have generally favored the weekly framework as analysis angle. These works have also studied specific periods, such as night work and Sunday work. Although the trend is to estimate the working time over a framework of ever wider reference, the day yet appears to be a more precise and more original framework to assess the effects of diversification of work habits observed during the last forty years. The analysis of daily work schedules enables us to understand the difficulties people experience, particularly in terms of articulation of time. Quantitative investigations from the Working Conditions survey (DARES), including the construction of indicators and different statistical tools allow us to describe and analyze the daily organization of working time but also show the social issues forming around the workday. This latter is at the heart of inequality between workers (men and women ; parents and non-parents ; professional categories). Indeed, the capacity to attend work, to control one’s time and to make oneself available certain hours is at stake. The valuation of the time given by the workers, the ability to recognize, in other words to pay, the time spent available to the employer, but also to recognize the difficulty of the temporal organization of work and schedules which deviate from the norm are also at stake
Scrinzi, Francesca. "Les migrant(e)s dans les emplois domestiques en France et en Italie : construction sociale de la relation de service au croisement des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2002.
Full textMigrant women and men in the domestic service sector in France and Italy. The social construction of the service relation at the intersection of gender, and class. In recent years, throughout the European Union there has been an increase in demand for domestic services. This demand is fulfilled by migrant undocumented women working in the informal sector. This doctoral thesis, based on ethnographic data, explore the interplay of gender, “race” and class in the material organisation and discursive construction of work relations in the domestic service sector in France and Italy. On the one hand, ideas of “cultural difference” and “femininity” are embedded and negotiated in daily recruitment and training practises. On the other hand, in theirs interactions with recruiters, trainers and employers, migrant women challenge these racialising representations and manipulate them in order to obtain
Tojerow, Ilan. "Industry wage differentials, rent sharing and gender: three empirical essays." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210526.
Full textThe first chapter is devoted to the analysis of the interaction between inter-industry wage differentials and the gender wage gap in six European countries, i.e. Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, Spain, and the U.K. To do so, we have relied on a unique harmonised matched employer-employee data set, the 1995 European Structure of Earnings Survey. As far as we know, this paper is the first to analyse with recent techniques, on a comparable basis, and from a European perspective: i) inter-industry wage differentials by gender, ii) gender wage gaps by industry, and iii) the contribution of industry effects to the overall gender wage gap. It is also one of the few, besides Kahn (1998), to analyse for both sexes the relationship between collective bargaining characteristics and the dispersion of industry wage differentials.
Empirical findings show that, in all countries and for both sexes, wage differentials exist between workers employed in different sectors, even when controlling for working conditions, individual and firm characteristics. We also find that the hierarchy of sectors in terms of wages is quite similar for male and female workers and across countries. Yet, the apparent similarity between male and female industry wage differentials is challenged by standard statistical tests. Indeed, simple t-tests show that between 43 and 71% of the industry wage disparities are significantly different for women and men. Moreover, Chow tests indicate that sectoral wage differentials are significantly different as a group for both sexes in all countries. Regarding the dispersion of the industry wage differentials, we find that results vary for men and women, although not systematically nor substantially. Yet, the dispersion of industry wage differentials fluctuates considerably across countries. It is quite large in Ireland, Italy and the U.K. and relatively moderate in Belgium, Denmark and Spain. For both sexes, results point to the existence of a negative and significant relationship between the degree of centralisation of collective bargaining and the dispersion of industry wage differentials.
Furthermore, independently of the country considered, results show that more than 80% of the gender wage gaps within industries are statistically significant. The average industry gender wage gap ranges between -.18 in the U.K. and -.11 in Belgium. This means that on average women have an inter-industry wage differential of between 18 and 11% below that for men. Yet, correlation coefficients between the industry gender wage gaps across countries are relatively small and often statistically insignificant. This finding suggests that industries with the highest and the lowest gender wage gaps vary substantially across Europe.
Finally, results indicate that the overall gender wage gap, measured as the difference between the mean log wages of male and female workers, fluctuates between .18 in Denmark and .39 in the U.K. In all countries a significant (at the .01 level) part of this gap can be explained by the segregation of women in lower paying industries. Yet, the relative contribution of this factor to the gender wage gap varies substantially among European countries. It is close to zero in Belgium and Denmark, between 7 and 8% in Ireland, Spain and the U.K. and around 16% in Italy. Differences in industry wage premia for male and female workers significantly (at the .05 level) affect the gender wage gap in Denmark and Ireland only. In these countries, gender differences in industry wage differentials account for respectively 14 and 20% of the gender wage gap. To sum up, findings show that combined industry effects explain around 29% of the gender wage gap in Ireland, respectively 14 and 16% in Denmark and Italy, around 7% in the U.K. and almost nothing in Belgium and Spain.
In conclusion, our results emphasize that the magnitude of the gender wage gap as well as its causes vary substantially among the European countries. This suggests that no single policy instrument will be sufficient to tackle gender pay inequalities in Europe. Our findings indicate that policies need to be tailored to the very specific context of the labour market in each country.
The second chapter examines investigates how rent sharing interacts with the gender wage gap in the Belgian private sector. Empirical findings show that individual gross hourly wages are significantly and positively related to firm profits-per-employee even when controlling for group effects in the residuals, individual and firm characteristics, industry wage differentials and endogeneity of profits. Our instrumented wage-profit elasticity is of the magnitude 0.06 and it is not significantly different for men and women. Of the overall gender wage gap (on average women earn 23.7% less than men), results show that around 14% can be explained by the fact that on average women are employed in firms where profits-per-employee are lower. Thus, findings suggest that a substantial part of the gender wage gap is attributable to the segregation of women is less profitable firms.
The third and final chapter contributes to the understanding of inter-industry wage differentials in Belgium, taking advantage of access to a unique matched employer-employee data set covering the period 1995-2002. Findings show the existence of large and persistent wage differentials among workers with the same observed characteristics and working conditions, employed in different sectors. The unobserved ability hypothesis may not be rejected on the basis of Martins’ (2004) methodology. However, its contribution to the observed industry wage differentials appears to be limited. Further results show that ceteris paribus workers earn significantly higher wages when employed in more profitable firms. The instrumented wage-profit elasticity stands at 0.063. This rent-sharing phenomenon accounts for a large fraction of the industry wage differentials. We find indeed that the magnitude, dispersion and significance of industry wage differentials decreases sharply when controlling for profits.
Doctorat en Sciences économiques et de gestion
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De, Henau Jérôme. "Gender role attitudes, work decisions and social policies in europe: a series of empirical essays." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210771.
Full textThe dissertation is divided in three parts, each focusing on one question:
(i)\
Doctorat en sciences de gestion
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De, la Motte Emilie. "Les catégories professionnelles en droit social : réflexion sur la distinction des cadres et des non-cadres." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020011.
Full textThe conceptual definition of professional classifications is an essential exercise since the stakes are high. It affects wages, working hours, complementary social security, collective representation, etc. The identification of professional categories, particularly between the executive and non-executive categories, helps in the organization of companies and contributes to the application of equal treatment principle. This exercise is nevertheless delicate because the legislator has not previously provided a precise conceptual delineation of professional categories ; the changes in the forms of work, sometimes reflected by a standardization of the roles within the company, is changing the landscape. The role of social partners is often critical in providing some clarification
Books on the topic "Discrimination sexuelle dans l'emploi – Dans les représentations sociales"
Westwood, Sallie. All day, every day: Factory and family in the making of women's lives. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1985.
Find full textGoldin, Claudia Dale. Understanding the gender gap: An economic history of American women. Oxford: OUP, 1992.
Find full textGoldin, Claudia Dale. Understanding the gender gap: An economic history of American women. New York: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Find full textStatham, Anne. The rise of marginal voices: Gender balance in the workplace. Lanham: University Press of America, 1996.
Find full textGender dilemmas in social work: Issues affecting women in the profession. Toronto: Canadian Scholars' Press, 1995.
Find full textTaylor, Patricia. Gender Dilemmas in Social Work: Issues Affecting Women in the Professional. Canadian Scholars Press, 1995.
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