Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Discrimination sexuelle dans l'emploi – Norvège'
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Forgeau, Zerbib Fanny. "L' égalité des sexes institutionnalisée? : des politiques publiques aux rapports de séduction, un examen du modèle norvégien." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007VERS016S.
Full textThe goal of this research is to analyse the efficiency of gender-oriented public policies in two different contexts: France and Norway. The focus is placed on the articulation between the institutional contexts and the private domain. In which way do relationships reveal the impact of the policies? Is gender equality institutionalised? The Norwegian welfare state is a great provider of gender-oriented legislations and, through it, guarantees a high level of equality in the professional and political spheres. The research is based on a comparison with France, and wonders whether the States’ efforts have similar impacts on representations and private relationships. The indicator of those relationships chosen for this thesis is seduction. The survey was conducted among 60 French and Norwegian people of both sexes of diverse ages and social origins. Articulated with the analysis of the public sphere, it shows that the Norwegian “model” of gender equality does not obtain the expected impact. It sheds new light on the efficiency of public policies while revealing the gender arrangements individuals mobilize in the seduction game
De, Chacus Sylvie Vitondin. "Discrimination sexiste en milieu du travail, facteur d'émulation et création de modèle féminin : une étude comparative des perceptions, explications et stratégies face au phénomène de discrimination (Bénin/France)." Lille 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL30029.
Full textThis study raises the problem of discrimination made towards the women in the decision-making authorities and views on the implementation of collective strategies of fight versus individual as means to face to this phenomenon. We proceed from the observation of the existence of two forms of discrimination observed in Benin and in France : a strong discrimination (iron ceiling) versus a moderate discrimination (glass ceiling). The iron ceiling is a formula which we created to report the situation of the women in sub-Saharan Africa. However we see in this study that this expression hides a particular reality in Benin : women's presence is not unimportatnt in higher position at high level of responsability. Highly qualified women pierced the glass ceiling, the formula particularly adapted to the situation of the women in Europe, and in France there in this particular case. We leaned in this study on the theory of the relative deprivation promoted by Tougas, Guimond and their coworkers (1999). This theory highlights the feeling of domination and demand with the aim of the reduction of the aforementioned feeling. The results of the various analysis realized within the framework of the study confirms the main hypothesis that is to say, the Beninese women make a commitment in a collective action to fight more effectively against the phenomenon of the discrimination made against them notably in occupational environment, contrary to their counterparts Frenchwomen who would develop more strategies of individual fight (individual action). On the other hand, the perception of the phenomenon of discrimination is moderated in France (glass ceiling) and stronger in Benin (iron ceiling). In a general way, the sexist discrimination in the workplace is a universal phenomenon, a reality which exists in all the societies. The idea to try to dread is better to the French people as to the Beninese in this thesis turned out to be an opening for the researches in psychology on this question. So, we can say that in a social psychological prospect, this research contributes to relaunch the reflection around the phenomenon of discrimination generally and its consequences on the social behaviors. Finally, this study can join a new way of researches based on a North-South co-operation, the aim of which would be to the co-construction of theoretical models which would not be universal and such as "globalized", but adaptable and "requestionable" in the specific national and societal contexts
Pouille, Annick. "L'égalité professionnelle : heurs et malheurs des lois qui aiment les femmes." Paris 13, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA131022.
Full textThe thesis intends to study the equality between men and women at work. It starts with a review of the women's situation from the very begining until nowadays. The first part deals with the question of equality of rights in europe, then in france. The first chapter is about aquality of wages, the second one is about the working conditions and social security. The second part is more about facts: the first chapter shows the differen disparities still remaining. The second one is about the new positive actions taken for the equality of chances in the e. E. C. And in france
Lattes, Jean-Michel. "Le principe de non discrimination en droit du travail." Toulouse 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU10001.
Full textThe principle of non-discrimination in French labor law is now quite accepted. Its enforcement, however, raises a certain number of problems. The general frame of labor law is by nature unequalitarian. It is thus easy to spot, at every level: hiring, professional life, cessation of industrial relations, etc. . . , discriminatory situations. Some social categories such as: representatives of wage-earners, trade unionists, women, handicapped, young and elderly etc. . . Are particularly vulnerable. In front of this situation, which cannot be accepted in a state that follows the rule of law, what are the means that may lead to a true enforcement of the principle two centuries after the French "declaration of the rights of man". Will the state go on editing general norms whose applicability is far from being easy? Is there not a danger of "losing one's soul" if the state devotes itself to the exclusive protection of certain categories of persons, thus creating a new form of discrimination: positive discrimination. Would it not be better to give more powers to the judge in his endeavor to spot discriminatory situations that he alone can reveal, given the difficulties encountered to prove their existence. These are the questions raised by this study, to which it tries to offer tentative answers
Rotkopf, Patricia. "Le principe de non-discrimination en raison du sexe." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA111005.
Full textHervey, Tamara K. "Justifications for sex discrimination in employment /." London : Butterworths, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37498343x.
Full textLiu, Jieyu. "Gender and work in urban China : women workers of the unlucky generation /." London : Routledge, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41335715x.
Full textFaure-Levoux, Alice. "Les discriminations sexo-âgéistes en milieu professionnel : une étude psychosociale de leurs enjeux et de leurs conséquences individuelles et sociales." Nantes, 2015. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=ff9bf30e-a6e2-40a3-a903-7fa3280bf3b6.
Full textThis doctoral dissertation focuses on the study of the mechanisms and joint effects of stigmatization due to age and gender in a professional context. The first two studies focus on the appearance of age-based and gender-based discrimination in various professional fields. 207 individuals participated in the first study and 177 in the second. The results show that the gender and ageist bias appear in priority occupations incongruent with the candidate's profile. It also seems that ageist bias appear in a more explicit form as gender bias, the latter being expressed insidiously. The third study is devoted to the consequences of that discrimination, widely perceived by individuals carrying a stigma (here, the seniors on the one hand, and women on the other). 168 seniors (male and female) participated in this study. The results are mixed but show that people feeling discriminated develop coping strategies to counter the negative effects of discrimination. The results of these three studies are discussed in an intersectional perspective, concluding with the idea that the accumulation of two stigmas may, where appropriate, lead to an increase or, on the contrary, to a reduction of the penalty of the affected individuals
Balla, Kalto Loutou Amina. "Discrimination en raison du sexe et en matière d'emploi au Niger." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR1D016.
Full textThis study focuses on sexual discrimination in the area of employment in niger. It then includes an introduction to the evolution of vocation situation of the woman from niger through various social modern or wage-earning activities and traditional or undeclared activities must coexist, any reflexion on sexual discrimination grasps the modern sector as well as the underground sector. Firstly, the point is to highlight all froms of discrimination towards women and legal tools used to fight against this discrimination on national and international grounds. Although international law has evolved towards the acknowledgment of sexual equality the contrary is just proved by a domestic order where social and cultural factors slow down the advancement of women as far as job opportunities are concerned. Secondly these same factors combined with the complex character of the underground economy makes it difficult to implement non discriminatory principles in the underground sector. Finally, only an efficent regulation of the employment of women in the unstructured sector could lead to a gradual implementation of the non discriminatory principle (with first the equality of job prostects and possibly. .
Perrier, Gwenaëlle. "Intégrer l'égalité entre les hommes et les femmes dans la mise en œuvre des politiques de l'emploi : une comparaison entre Berlin et la Seine-Saint-Denis." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010IEPP0029.
Full textThis research analyzes the place of the gender equality objective in the implementation of labour market policies through a comparison between the Seine-Saint-Denis and Berlin. Based on actors-centered institutionalism, it draws on the analysis of grey literature documents and on the results of 124 half-directive interviews with agents in charge of implementing these policies. It identifies the different ways of operationalising the gender equality objective and the barriers to its integration in the implementation of the labour market policies targeted at the long-term unemployed. As a consequence of the gender mainstreaming policy of the European Union and its application to the labour market sector, agents in charge of labour market policies in Seine Saint-Denis and Berlin were made aware of the existence and implications of the gender equality objective. This objective is also implemented through actions aimed at female job seekers confronted to specific difficulties in accessing the labour market, or difficulties lowering their position on the labour market. In spite of these initiatives, gender equality remains an objective which is not very legitimate and not much operationalised. Different kinds of constraints contribute to explain this. Firstly, the agents in charge of labour market policies do not know much about gender inequalities in the labour market sector; the notion of equality thus remains relatively indeterminate for them. Secondly, various institutional constraints specific to the labour market sector, especially the predominance of the objective of quick return to employment, make the integration of a strategy of promotion of gender equality difficult
Decellas, Muriel. "Les femmes dans le processus d'industrialisation : le cas de la Thai͏̈lande à la lumière de l'expérience française." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001IEPP0026.
Full textEngler, Nina. "Strukturelle Diskriminierung und substantielle Chancengleichheit : eine Untersuchung zu Recht und Wirklichkeit der Vereinbarkeit von Familie und Beruf im Gemeinschafts- und Verfassungsrecht : dargestellt am Beispiel der mittelbaren Diskriminierung von Frauen in Teilzeitbeschäftigung /." Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb399362045.
Full textLévy, Martine. "Le féminisme d'Etat en France, 1965-1985 : 20 ans de prise en charge institutionnelle de l'égalité professionnelle entre hommes et femmes." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988IEPP0009.
Full textThis research addresses public response to expanding work opportunities for women and its political developments. The opening part describes how growth in work opportunities for women has led to an array of institutional mechanisms among which dominates the setting up of a variety of administrative machineries. State feminism expresses the official ideology which urges public authorities to accomplish change in status of women in society ; a move spurred from the demand for eliminating sex discrimination in employment. Part II deals with state feminism enforcement. It shows through confronting the specific goals and concrete means of equal employment policy for women that it stands as a symbolic policy. Moreover evaluation of its effectiveness regarding un employment, occupational segregation and wage gap demonstrates that growing equality between men and women has resulted in greater discrepancies between women. Part III explores the impact of equal employment policy implementation on politics. It assesses the key role of government specific machineries in administrative opposition to equal employment opportunities enforcement. (. . . )
Saint-Michel, Sarah. "L' impact du genre sur les traits de personnalité des leaders et les effets sur le style de leadership." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010056.
Full textHavet, Nathalie. "Analyse théorique et pratique des différences de salaire et de carrière entre hommes et femmes." Orléans, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ORLE0508.
Full textLeray, Isabelle. "Approche juridique du travail des femmes dans l'entre-deux-guerres." Nantes, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NANT4002.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is the study of women's exclusion in labour market between 1919 and 1939. In the first part, we can see that in spite of women's integration in economy, crisis, unemployment and decrease of birth rate to a calling into question of women's work. The family politic of this time is based on the refusal of women's work and the civil code which protects family to the detriment of women's rights. The second part deals with the women's work conditions. We want to prove that discriminations against women are justified by the protection of maternity. Even in the labour law the woman is principally a mother and a wife
Rousseau, Sophie. "Les femmes dans les métiers non traditionnels vues sous l'angle d'une approche "genre" : le cas du mégaprojet d'Alcan à Alma /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textScotto, Marie-José. "Les Processus de féminisation et d'égalité professionnelle dans les métiers dits masculins : une analyse qualitative bi-sectorielle." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF10338.
Full textThe aim of this research was to analyse the féminization and professional equality processes in jobs seen as male. At the end of an introductory chapter introducing the context of women’s work in France through a short historical review, the literature outlines the issues affecting women in trades and analyzes the variables that represent a job as masculine or feminine. It clarifies the sociological, legislative and organisational contexts that help promote women’s employment and develop gender diversity and professional equality, in industrial sectors known as “male”. It also shows the central role of the Human Resource function in piloting and implementing these processes. The research questions and theoretical frameworks are exposed. The empirical part confronts our research questions with field studies. It is based on an analysis of a main case and an additional case, using a qualitative methodology. This qualitative approach is completed in the main case study, by a quantitative analysis, both conducted with key leaders of the company and a sample of employees. The main results show that the implementation of gender diversity and professional equality processes in these sectors requires strong managerial commitment and involvement of all employees, associated with ongoing training and information. Resistance should not be overlooked, but important contributions appear not only regarding the perception of social performance, but also in the organizational capacity to understand and control managerial changes leading to a better overall performance of the organization. It also appears that implementing gender diversity is the first step leading to transferability to other dimensions of diversity, such as disability or ethnic diversity
Lexton, Benedict Mathieu. "L'égalité entre les femmes et les hommes face à l'emploi : genèse et institutionnalisation multi-niveaux d'un référentiel communautaire d'action publique." Bordeaux 4, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00005971.
Full textGuérin, Isabelle. "Femmes et économie solidaire." Bagneux : Numilog, 2003. http://www.numilog.com/bibliotheque/univ-tlse2/fiche_livre.asp?idprod=51348.
Full textFalk, Susanne. "Geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheit im Erwerbsverlauf : Analysen für den deutschen Arbeitsmarkt /." Wiesbaden : VS Verl. für wissenschaft, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40138801r.
Full textMbaye, Souleymane. "Trois évaluations d'actions de lutte contre les discriminations." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2034.
Full textIn France, numerous empirical studies highlight the existence and extent of discrimination against some demographic groups because of one or more criteria in a particular market. Most of this work has focused on discrimination in hiring and access to housing, on the basis of gender, origin and place of residence. In response to these difficulties, many public policy measures have been put in place. However, studies to evaluate them on a rigorous basis remain very rare or non-existent.In this doctoral thesis, we are interested in evaluating the effectiveness of three actions to combat discrimination based on gender, origin and place of residence in the fields of employment and housing.In access to private employment (Chapter 1), we examine whether individual entrepreneurship, encouraged by the President of the Republic, Emmanuel Macron, in his speech on 14 November 2017 on the theme of “Politique de la Ville” (City Policy) in Roubaix, is an effective means of avoiding discrimination on the grounds of gender, origin and reputation of the place of residence on the labour market. We are interested in entrepreneurship through business takeovers. In access to public employment (Chapter 2), we are interested in evaluating the new actions for equality and diversity in recruitment implemented within the French Ministry of National Education since 2014: by modifying the rules for the constitution of juries, raising juries' awareness of discrimination, modifying recruitment methods, as well as professionalizing the competition tests, with a reduction in the number of tests, and changing their content. This last aspect is the main point of the reform of the open competitions of the different categories of the French Ministry of National Education. We are examining the impact of this reform of the professionalisation of competitions on the chances of success in the competition for candidates who are potentially discriminated against on the grounds of their sex or place of residence, as well as on the evaluation bias on the part of members of the selection boards.In access to housing (Chapter 3), we assess the effect of an action to reduce discrimination on the basis of origin by means of a nominative letter reminding the legal framework sent by “le Défenseur des Droits” (the Defender of Rights) to real estate agencies with a high risk of discrimination
Pomiès-Maréchal, Sylvie. "Marginalisation et valorisation de la femme anglaise dans le cadre familial et professionnel au XXe siècle." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100124.
Full textThis thesis is a cross-disciplinary research hinging around several fields of study. It aims at examining the mechanisms of marginalisation and improvement of women's status in 20th century English society. The public and private spheres are studied from a historical, sociological and legal perspective, focusing more particularly on the interaction between change and continuity. Within the private sphere, in spite of pervasive stereotyped social roles, one can observe a relatively linear progressive process, notably with the acknowledgement of women's rights to contraception and abortion. Inversely, within the professional sphere, this pattern is much more cyclical, being largely determined by external events and emergencies. Access to the public sphere is thus both an improving and marginalizing process : female work is viewed as peripheral and sporadic. Work-life balance appears as a crucial element. It implies an increased access to employment and a fairer share of parental and household responsibilites. The work-life balance issue has lately gathered momentum. We shall see whether these developments concur to English women's improved position
Mitik, Lulit. "Genre, politiques publiques et travail des femmes." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0022.
Full textThe gender differentiated impacts of public policies are now widely recognized. A gender-aware approach to macroeconomic analysis is therefore a necessity in order to consider the diverse implications of gender relations. On this basis, this study analyses the impacts of trade liberalisation and the introduction of VAT through a computable general equilibrium modelling that treats women's and men's work separately. Two models are applied successively to Ethiopia and South Africa, then from a comparative perspective between the two countries. Four major results appear. Policy outcomes on gender-based inequalities are strongly affected by structural differences in women's and men's employment sectors. Furthermore, these differences explain why the same policy results in an increase in gender inequalities in one country while it reduces them in another. Moreover, the increase in women's labour market participation is not followed by a proportionate reduction in their domestic work. Finally, a substitution effect between parents and children occurs in household work activities as the former increase their market work, this, to the disadvantage of children's education, in particular that of girls
Steichen, Elsa. "L'insertion professionnelle des descendants d'immigrés maghrébins au prisme des discriminations ethno-raciales et de genre." Paris, EHESS, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHES0006.
Full textSchool-to-work transition is an important stage in reaching adulthood and one that has long lasting impacts on individuals’ professional trajectories. Based on the combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses, this PhD research studies the school-to-work transition of North African immigrants’ descendants by focusing on the articulation of race and gender discriminations. In this perspective, we use the intersectional approach which states that power relations, and consequently inequalities created by them, are mutually influenced. Our statistical analysis of the Generation 2004 survey (Céreq), combined with our qualitative analysis of around thirty in-depth interviews, sheds light on the difficulties that punctuate school-to-work trajectories of North African immigrants’ descendants, in comparison with native and Portuguese descendants. Their school-to-work transition is characterized by difficulties in job access, especially stable ones, and overexposure to unemployment and inactivity. Moreover, while second generation North African women face the same gender penalties as other women, these penalties are shaped by racial specificities which do not systematically lead to an increase of discriminatory effects. This research also emphasizes the complexity of their discrimination experience. Discriminatory treatments are hard to detect because their authors are either not conscious of producing them or dissimulate them. Furthermore, persons exposed to discrimination have difficulties declaring it and many distance their own trajectories from it. Nonetheless, their professional careers are marked by the bypassing of recurrent obstacles linked to discriminations
Gouider, Abdessalem. "La discrimination par genre sur le marché du travail : fondements théoriques et application au marché du travail tunisien." Paris 13, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA131021.
Full textTur, Laurence Nathalie. "L'égalité professionnelle entre les hommes et les femmes." Grenoble 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006GRE21026.
Full textAnalysing professional equality between men and women implies in a first step taking an interest in the terminology. The content the interference and the implementation rules of international and national standards with universal and regional extension. Establishing the principle of professional equality and its dispensations. Besides the unavoidable analysis of case law decisions in both national and E. C. Jurisdiction brings out the important role as an interpreter which falls to the Court in Luxemburg as well as the necessary integration of national judges, "common law judges", into the E. C. Judiciary and not only into the internal judiciary. A second step requires a special focus on what is at stake, on a national level, with the social policy carried out mainly by the European institutions. These different analyses will most naturally lead one to question oneself on the evolution of the professional status of women in France and other European countries in the last fifty years or so. In the end sociological anthropological, economical and historical approaches will be dealt with in order to back up this legal reflection, trying to find out and explain where the barriers to professional equality between the sexes come from
Sylla, Ndongo Samba. "Les inégalités de genre sur les marchés du travail des pays en développement : le cas du Sénégal (1992-2002)." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS036S.
Full textThis research focuses on gender inequality in Senegalese labour market during the 90’s (1992-2002). By this expression, we mean inequality between men and women (i) in access to paid employment; (ii) employment opportunities (employment segregation); (iii) working conditions and (iv) earnings. Taking into account the specificities of the labour markets of the underdeveloped countries is a precondition for all study on economic inequality between men and women. This proposition is our starting hypothesis. Actually, compared to developed countries labour markets, those of developing countries are characterized by the greater heterogeneity of their employment relations. The unequal distribution of men and women across different statuses and institutional sectors is one of the most important facet of gender inequality in this type of context. It implies a segmentation of employment and earnings based on gender. Due to the discriminations they face, their lower access to factors of production and education, Senegalese women still have a low economic status compared to men : they have less access to paid employment; their employment opportunities tend to be limited to a reduced number of sectors and professions; in terms of working conditions, they face a great precariousness as shown by their overexposure to jobs provided by the informal economy; in terms of earnings, they are less paid than men even in the circumstances where their level of education is more important. In order to promote economic equality between sexes, this study advocates a renewed investment on female education and a greater statistical effort on gender issues
Vollet-Gless, Marianne. "L'egalite des chances entre hommes et femmes en education utopies et realites. Les programmes de diversification de l'orientation des jeunes filles en france." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR20043.
Full textFor 20 years, education has been coeducationnal in france, giving equal opportunities of access to scholar and career choices. Nevertheless inequalities in distribution of the sexes subsist in secondary schools and higher education. A governemental policy aiming at the widening girls'career opportunities inforced since 1984 some educational innovations, which were drawn from european equal opportunities programs. This research, presented in 3 parts, gives a socio-historical analysis of this policy. The research is based on official texts and on experimental projects in 2 local education authorities. The first part gives an outline of the evolution, in figures over 10 years, the explicit aims of the governemental mission as well as its administrative, organizational and pedagogical means. The second part gives an analysis of the conditions of implementation in 2 local authorities in the east of france and. In particular, the resistance met by young girls and women engaged in training and careers in the field of mechanics. The third part exposes the sociological, educational and psychological aspects by which professional and scholar aspirations are devised according to gender. The socialisation process is met by new opportunities for the determination of projects for the future and projects for the self in an educational environment which welcomes equal opportunities. These projects hav drawn a lot from the knowledge of feminist experimentations as well as from diversified vocational couselling experiences. The integrative theories of orientation and gender give career and educational couselling an ather frame trough which cultural equality practices can be reconsidered
Petit, Pascale. "Une contribution empirique à l'étude de la discrimination à l'encontre des femmes sur le marché du travail." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA01A032.
Full textCouprié, Hélène. "L'influence du contexte institutionnel et familial sur l'offre de travail des femmes : approches microéconomiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX24011.
Full textHiller, Victor. "Préférences endogènes et marché du travail : organisation, contrats et choix d'éducation." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010060.
Full textCharbeau, Lidwine. "Inégalités de carrières entre hommes et femmes. Une approche par les conventions d'évaluation. Analyse des trajectoires professionnelles des cadres et ETAM chez un constructeur automobile." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100184.
Full textRather than reducing gender inequality with a problem of choice of incentives or pure discrimination, we propose to examine this phenomenon through the issue of labour quality. The assessment of labour quality is not just a simple coordination of actors around a selection criterion; it mobilizes a collective and consensual representation of “skilled” labourer, i.e. a quality convention. A firm is crossed by a plurality of quality conventions. We hypothesize that mobilization of some of them explains horizontal and vertical segregation (glass ceiling) by gender within organisation. An econometric study of the progression of managers and employees in a car manufacturer is proposed. This study helps us to isolate the determinants of career and assess their impact on the career paths of men and women. A qualitative interview study refines our exploration of evaluation methods and helps us to understand how business processes, apparently neutral, proved ultimately detrimental to women. These findings argue for a more practical purpose of evaluation in the diagnosis of occupational inequality. They also support the strategy of mainstreaming advocated recently by the EU and French government: to improve their efficiency, gender politics should promote forms of regulation closer to business reality
Pailhé, Ariane. "Inégalité selon le sexe sur le marché du travail en Europe centrale au cours de la transformation systémique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010003.
Full textGender inequalities regarding job access have risen during the systemic transition in Central Europe (Hungary, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak republic). Women are more unemployed and their activity rate has fallen more dramatically than men's one. But less inequalities are encoutered at work during the same period concerning wage gap and professional segregation. Inequalities between men and women result from multi dimentional processes. Education level explains them a bit. Return of education is growing during the transition, causing a decrease of disparities. Experience is more important but drop in the inequalities is due both to experience and tenure return fall. Discrimination explains more gender inequalities : men are avantaged while women are penalized, mainly regarding job access. Discrimination which is growing during the transition is more based on stereotypes than on taste. Finally inequalities come from labour market structure, divided in segments : firm ownership, location, branch of activity, and worker status. Probability that women are employed in high labour market segments is low. Although human capital has more influence during systemic transition, it explains only a part of gender inequalities. Systemic transition break underlines discrimination factor and structural elements that generate inequalities
Cardoso, Jean. "Conceptions et politiques des mesures d'action positive." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100125.
Full textThe first part of this work offers a critical reading of the conceptions of positive action in europe. It explains that the misunderstanding of the concept of positive action is the result of the misuse of its definition. It shows that the result of such a misunderstanding is the confusion of positive action with other notions. It also concentrates on the foundations of the notion of positive action in the european union. In doing so, it makes an attempt to underline the theoretical and socio-historical and ideological perspectives of the notion. The second part of the thesis comments on the main current issues that positive action poses as a legal policy. Not only the legal origins of positive action as a policy, but also the interpretation of positive action by the european court of justice is discussed in the recent case kalanke. Community law misses a true legal basis for collective rights, and this prejudiciates its interpretation of positive action as well as the democratic strength of the european union. New collective actors are needed, but it is not sure that the recent evolutions of community law meet that need. Finally, the second part question the evolution of community law towards an ever more 'decentralised' way of regulating social matters, such as equality policies. The point to be answered here is whether this trend - illustrated by positive action measures - should be seen as progress or as regression in the legal process of integration
Mancq, Fanny le. "Les carrières équestres de compétition des cavalières et des cavaliers : l'exemple du concours de saut d'obstacles." Paris, EHESS, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EHES0024.
Full textAlthough many members of the French Horse Riding Federation are women -as compared to other sports federations -, although horse riding is one of the few mixed sports, although many competitors and riders at lowest levels are women -especially young girls -, few of them have access to the best categories of competition. Prestigious sports careers seem to be unreachable for them, particularly in jumping. Our dissertation analyses the building of careers of horse riders who go in for competition, through a sociology of equestrian sports and people who work in horse riding centers for a living, and compares the situations of men and women, in order to understand why and how the latter "disappear" as levels of competition become higher. Our qualitative and quantitative surveys bring to light the major role of the status of competitors (amateurs versus people who work in horse riding centers for a living) in the building of remarkable careers. Thus, it seems that female horse riders are faced with two types of obstacles, which set bounds to their access to the highest level: riding remains a "men's world"; moreover, women are amateurs (or workers who suffer from a lack of acknowledgement) in an atypical environment, where sports and work dimensions are intertwined. That is why female horse riders must, much more than men, cumulate several assets, which allow them, if not to be acknowledged for their skills or expertise, at least to overcome the disadvantage of being women
Sahin, Poyraz. "Discrimination perçue au travail et (ré)aménagements identitaires de jeunes recrues d'orientation sexuelle minoritaire." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100112.
Full textThe study focuses on an exploration of the integration time of recently-recruited professionals who identify themselves as homosexual or bisexual. Based on the qualitative analysis, we draw the general hypothesis that the processes of integration, organisational socialisation, and the construction of a future career path that are influenced both by the presence of heterosexist norms and perceived discrimination in the workplace as well as by sexual identity previously built in other parts of life. Our data were collected from twelve self-identified LGB young people who recently recruited in the workplace in the transportation and law using two studies: the first conducted with informal interviews to study the meaning given to subjective experience before and during the integration period in the organisation, and the second built from IMIS interviews to understand better the identity dynamics by analysing the subjective relationships between the individual and his environment. The results highlight that heterosexist norms remain dominant and show non-neutrality in the part of the professional world where the conversations include aspects of private life. From the moment of their arrival in the organisation, the young LGB people confront a dilemma between dissimulating and divulging their sexual identity, which requires identity management strategy handling to tackle different forms of discrimination and perceived homophobia. Among the identity management strategies, dissimulation based on pretending or avoiding of sexual orientation are the strategies that are used in the majority to avoid the different forms of discrimination based on sexual orientation that are anticipated in the workplace
Deschamps, Pierre. "Discrimination and public policies." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018IEPP0016/document.
Full textIn all three chapters of this dissertation, I try to see whether discrimination and own-group preferences exist, in different contexts, and what kind of public policies could mitigate or balance the negative effect of these preferences. In my first chapter, I rely on a famous ruling that changed the monopsony power of firms to see whether, as predicted by Becker, market failures have an impact on wage discrimination. I find that as monopsony power decreases, firms are no longer able to act on their prejudice, and wage discrimination disappears. This result shows that labour market context is essential in evaluating public policies, and that prejudice need not necessarily translate into wage discrimination. In the second chapter, I analyse the effect of another public policy, a 2015 reform that imposed gender quotas in academic recruitment committees. The reasoning of the policymakers was that increasing the share of women evaluators would improve the outcomes for women. I find the opposite instead; women are ranked worse by hiring committees after the reform. However, this result does not show that women discriminate against women. There is some evidence that this result is caused by the reaction of male jurors to the reform, since the negative effect of the reform is found only in committees that are helmed by male jury presidents. This chapter shows that it is necessary to evaluate public policies, lest reforms that are well-meaning in intention turn out to cause more harm than good. In the third and final chapter, I show two stylised facts: When cities decline, they tend to become more black, and black residents are disproportionately located in cities that pay low wages. One explanation for this could be that living in cities with a larger share of black residents is a positive amenity for black workers. I try to see whether workers have preferences for living in cities that have a larger share of co-ethnic residents, when controlling for wages, rents, transfers and network amenities. I find that these preferences are significant, and then try to see what share of the wage gap these preferences, and the imperfect sorting they imply, could explain
Déry, Baillargeon Judith. "La reconnaissance des manifestations du sexisme dans les contextes scolaire et professionnel." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33825.
Full textThis master thesis dissertation describes the validation of a questionnaire made of comic strips and designed to measure the recognition of ambivalent sexism (Glick and Fiske, 1996) in the academic and professional contexts. This concept of ambivalent sexism includes hostile sexism, which evokes a perception of domination and superiority of men over women (Glick et Fiske, 1996), and benevolent sexism, which reflects an ideology consolidating women in traditional roles, and in a positive attitude. Because of this positive connotation, benevolent sexism is harder to recognize as a form of sexism, unlike hostile sexism. The questionnaire was administered to 911 adults to assess whether or not they recognize the manifestations of sexism in the vignettes of benevolent and hostile sexism and this, by evaluating the degree of sexism and pleasantness of each vignette. The results show that participants in the sample rated sexism situations as sexist and uncomfortable for woman involved. However, benevolent sexism is rated as less sexist and less unpleasant than hostile sexism. Factorial analysis show that hostile sexism and benevolent sexism are distinct concept but that the dimensionality of benevolent sexism is not in line with the theory. As expected, women rated sexism situations as more sexist and unpleasant than men. Correlational analysis were conducted between ambivalent sexism and social dominance orientation, gender-specific justification of the system, and social desirability in order to validate the new questionnaire. As the theories stipulates, the more the participants recognize sexism, the less they agree with the social dominance orientation and the justification of the system statements. There is little influence of social desirability on participants' responses. The validity of the questionnaire is confirmed. Finally, the limits of the master thesis are presented as well as the possible applications of this questionnaire.
Carrié-Maisonneuve, Nathalie. "Recteurs d'académie : la place des femmes." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100107.
Full textSince 1973, few women have been promoted rector (i. E. Director of French educational district). Are there differences in the background, the evolution in administrative career between men and women? Are there inequalities to access this position? We researched existing datas and made directed interviews with 22 rectors (11 men and 11 women). The statistical analysis has disclosed some inequalities. The thematic analysis has shown similarities in school success, career evolution and conception of the rector position. For differences, women rectors were pioneer because they have evolved in male environment, and they needed to do more than men. Fu this position, to be a woman could be an advantage or a disadvantage. Women rectors pay more intention for their family life and give preference to their professional activities whereas men and most women do not
Kandil, Lamia. "Disparités sexuelles sur le marché du travail égyptien 1988-2006 : approche économétrique et empirique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010057.
Full textBouchard, Nathalie. "Les hommes gagnent-ils à soutenir l'égalité des sexes en milieu de travail ?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24804/24804.pdf.
Full textPruvost, Geneviève. "L'accès des femmes à la violence légale : la féminisation de la police (1935-2005)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://books.openedition.org/editionsmsh/2561.
Full textFemale access to legal violence as a civil servant in time of peace is an original anthropological fact we tried to comprehend from a social, politically, occupational prospective. We first made an historical survey on the slow integration of women in Parisian police force and in the national policel force from 1935 to 2005. We showed the absence of female work specialisation and the legitimacy of mixed work spaces. The condition is that women remain a minority. Then we studied the making of policewomen by the family environment, especially fathers, and by the Police academy. We discovered that male and female motivations are very close and that endogamy is the rule. We finally investigated on the limits of what is allowed and forbidden in terms of concrete violence : it's easier for women to be in command then to be in units devoted to violent work; they also have to always work with a man beside
Aurouet-Himeur, Aurélie. "L'égalité professionnelle homme-femme : étude de droit français et algérien." Thesis, Tours, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOUR1001/document.
Full textOur century established the principle of professional equality between women and men. A comparative study in France and Algeria, two distinct legal systems, allows us to underline both theoretical and practical aspects. Can the distinction between East and West impact on the achievement of professional equality between the sexes? Another study reveals a clear convergence. Legal equality between the sexes is recognized in french and Algerian law (Part 1). The pervasiveness and complexity of the concept will be shown. Ensues international and national recognition of the principle, which was to ignore the cultural considerations. However the findings of unegalitarian situations remain. Although the principle is extended, the relative significance of the principle asserts (Part 2). The search for a social balance between men and women progresses in order to ensure effective the principle
Scrinzi, Francesca. "Les migrant(e)s dans les emplois domestiques en France et en Italie : construction sociale de la relation de service au croisement des rapports sociaux de sexe, de race et de classe." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE2002.
Full textMigrant women and men in the domestic service sector in France and Italy. The social construction of the service relation at the intersection of gender, and class. In recent years, throughout the European Union there has been an increase in demand for domestic services. This demand is fulfilled by migrant undocumented women working in the informal sector. This doctoral thesis, based on ethnographic data, explore the interplay of gender, “race” and class in the material organisation and discursive construction of work relations in the domestic service sector in France and Italy. On the one hand, ideas of “cultural difference” and “femininity” are embedded and negotiated in daily recruitment and training practises. On the other hand, in theirs interactions with recruiters, trainers and employers, migrant women challenge these racialising representations and manipulate them in order to obtain
Bertereau, Camille. "Caractérisation des stéréotypes de genre et développement d’une échelle de mesure de l’idéologie de genre en contexte organisationnel." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAD022.
Full textGender stereotypes and gender ideology have led to the creation of many measurement tools in social psychology. Nevertheless, while some HRM work has highlighted the important role of gender stereotypes in maintaining gender inequalities (Heilman, Block, & Martell, 1995 ; Rudman & Phelan, 2008 ; Cornet & Cadalen 2009), the measurement of sex representations has rarely been used as a lever for organizational action, with the exception of a few studies (Martell and DeSmet, 2001, Scharnitsky, 2012). In addition, very few recent studies have focused on the actual content of these representational structures within organizations.The goal of this thesis was a better understanding of these intergroup biases in the organization, with the study of a case : Michelin company. In order to meet the aim of its feminization policy, the firm has chosen to innovate in the struggle against discriminations by highlighting the gender stereotypes conveyed in the organization. This work is based on a partnership between Clermont-Auvergne University and Michelin company, and aims to answer the following question: how to characterize gender stereotypes and measure gender ideology in an organizational context? Three major steps are developed to answer this problematic. First, the literature review defines key concepts and lists all existing measurement tools. Secondly, the qualitative phase confronts the theory with the reality of the field, by analyzing thirty-six interviews in France, Spain, Poland and Germany. Then the quantitative phase develops around the creation of a multidimensional gender ideology measurement scale and a gender stereotypes scale, as well as an analysis of determinants.The major contributions of this doctoral work are primarily methodological: the techniques are guided by the Churchill paradigm (1979) for scale development and the ratio-diagnostic for the detection of stereotypes (McCauley & Stitt, 1978). Theoretical contributions can be found in the questionnaire results: women have a higher level of stereotype than men, but men have a more traditional gender ideology than women. In addition, the content of female stereotypes varies according to the country (gentleness and emotionalism are more stereotyped "feminine" in France than in Spain for example). Moreover, the more respondents work with women, the less they hold sexist attitudes. Attitudes resembling benevolent sexism (Glick & Fiske, 1996) have also been highlighted (high level of stereotype and valence of positive stereotypes). Finally, the managerial contributions reside, on the one hand, in the creation of a self-assessment tool for managers including the scales of stereotypes and gender ideology, and on the other hand, in a reflection on the integration of such a tool into a diversity management policy
Naji, Fairouz. "L'égalité professionnelle heurtée au plafond de verre : essai sur une enquête croisée entre la France et le Maroc." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131019.
Full textAlmost all over the world and to date, women still face a barrier called “glass ceiling”, impeding their carrier’s progression. An invisible barrier but whose impact on workplace equality is clearly visible. This thesis aims to shed light on the complexity of the glass ceiling phenomenon by identifying the contributing factors which creates it and exploring their interactions. This work, also, seeks to examine gender equality in legislation and gender equality in the workplace, in order to understand the persistence of the glass ceiling. Our analysis is based on an in-depth empirical comparative investigation, of the Moroccan and French contexts. Our results confirm the general idea: the glass ceiling, far from bursting, is covering a field always wider
Kail, Bénédicte. "L'insertion des jeunes sur le marché du travail à Bamako, Mali : enjeux de la scolarisation et de l'insertion professionnelle selon le genre." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0103.
Full textAfter showing how the increasing number and the political action of the young Bamakii which progressively form them inside social category, the analysis gives the difficulties of their insertion in the world of labor and establishes the link with the economic crisis and the inadequacy of employment-training. It also shows, in this contexte, the relation to the school is more and more fonctionalized. In addition, the economic difficulties and the surrounding sexism drive to a discrimination against the young girl, justifying an analysis by the kind. The processed data are principally derived from a qualitative investigation with thirty Bamakii household chosen for illustrating the diversity of the encountered situation. Their analysis is based on two principal sights : - the existence of stakes of scholarship. Those are different according to the social group and according to the kind, because they are linked to the actor's representation of school, of work, so of their own scholarship and of their subscription in the sex division of role and in social division of work. - The possibilities of professional insertion. Here again, they are different according to the school level reached and according to the kind. They reveal a specific feeling of the work because dressed of distinct finality, linked to the stake of scolarship : instrumental and social relation among young men, instrumental and individual among young girls. Thus, this investigation stipulated that school and the labor take part of all : acquisition of social status. Their analysis shows that they are revealers of socials changes and of individualisation phenomena which operate in bamako
Irlinger, Irma. "TCO och kvinnorna tidsperioden 1944-1974 : studie av TCOs och SIFs arbetsmarknadspolitik och behandling av principen lika lön för lika arbete /." Stockholm : Almqvist & Wiksell, 1990. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb355125093.
Full textPeterle, Emmanuel. "Gender differences and discrimination in the labor market : experimental and econometric analysis." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1G011/document.
Full textDespite a substantial evolution in the participation of women in the labor market since the 60s, there still subsist significant gender inequalities in earnings and occupations. In this dissertation, we use both survey and experimental data to address this issue. We first undertake an empirical study using survey data to isolate the structural determinants of these gender differences. Our findings indicate that a significant part of these inequalities could not be explained by gender differences in observed characteristics. Then, we appeal to experimental economics in order to explore two potential factors of this residual gap: employer discrimination and gender differences in preferences. We first implement a controlled experiment in laboratory to address the issue of discrimination. We find evidence of hiring discrimination against women when information is imperfect. This discrimination seems to arise from the lack of information available to the employer, rather than from her preferences. In a second laboratory experiment, we shed light on gender differences in attitude toward competition. Our results suggest that women are less inclined to enter competition, especially since they are less self-confident than men. Although discrimination consists in a potential factor of gender inequalities in the labor market, we show in this dissertation that gender differences in preferences have also to be considered