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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Disease association'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Ramzan, Naveen, Shimin Zheng, Hemang Panchal, Edward Leinaar, Christian Nwabueze, and Timir K. Paul. "Investigating The Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease and Clinical Outcomes." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/21.

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Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) can be described as the loss of the kidney function over time. Symptoms usually develop slowly, and it may not appear in early stages. Lab tests can confirm a CKD diagnosis. The approximate number of incidents per year is more than 200,000 cases, and approximately 30 million people are living with CKD today in the United States. This long-standing disease ultimately leads to renal failure at the end. At this present time, there are no known cures for CKD, and the only treatment available is dialysis. Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine

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2

Ackerman, Hans Christian. "Disease association mapping : methods and markers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249649.

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3

Burnett, Kimberley Anne. "The association of Alzheimer's disease and hypertension." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.702224.

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Recent studies have suggested a link between Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Hypertension (HTN) with midlife high blood pressure known to increase the risk of sporadic AD in later life, by approximately 1.5 fold. The molecular pathways and/or mechanisms that may link these two disease are yet to be fully understood, however evidence from a combination of observational human studies, animal models of HTN and the induction of HTN in animal models of AD implicated the renin angiotensin system, cerebral hypoperfusion, neuroinflammation, vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress in the association of

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4

Zanella, Ricardo. "Genetic association of tolerance to Johne's disease." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2008. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2008/r_zanella_120308.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in animal sciences)--Washington State University, December 2008.<br>Title from PDF title page (viewed on Feb. 19, 2009). "Department of Animal Sciences." Includes bibliographical references.

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5

Andrieux, Sybil. "THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN INSULIN AND LIVER DISEASE." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2019. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/593548.

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Epidemiology<br>M.S.<br>Introduction: Over the past three decades, the prevalence of diabetes has steadily increased. Additionally, diabetes has contributed to more diagnosed cases of liver disease (LD) suggesting that liver health is increasingly vulnerable to insulin levels. Several studies have found that endogenous insulin levels were important indicators in the development and progression of LD. However, to our knowledge, no studies have assessed the association of exogenous insulin intake and LD. Methods: Using nationally representative data from the 2013-2014 (n=5769) and 2015-2016 (n=5

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6

Jostins, Luke. "Using next-generation genomic datasets in disease association." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608054.

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7

Wei, Ruipeng. "Association study of mitochondrial genome and cardiovascular disease." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1554479244080773.

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8

Newcombe, Paul. "Bayesian evidence synthesis of gene-disease association studies." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536761.

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9

Alaei, Shahmiri Fariba. "The potential association between thiamin, hyperglycemia and chronic diseases." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1209.

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Chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Recent studies have shown that in addition to diabetes mellitus, non-diabetic degrees of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia are also directly linked to accelerated risks of cardiovascular diseases. Thiamin is a water soluble vitamin playing a key regulatory role as a co-enzyme in metabolic pathways implicated in the glucose metabolism. There is some evidence that diabetic patients are prone to thiamin deficiency possibly because of an increased excretion of thiamin in

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10

Katzov, Hagit. "Genetic association analysis of overlapping biological pathways in cardiovascular and Alzheimer disease /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-787-1/.

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11

Nadeem, Muhammad. "The association between periodontitis and end-stage renal disease." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6748_1194349692.

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<p>Patients who are in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) experience a significantly increased rate of atherosclerotic complications. Inflammation plays a central role in the pathogenesis of these complications. The major acute phase protein, C-reactive protein (CRP) has been found to predict all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in ESRD patients. Many patients in ESRD experience elevated CRP levels without an overt infection. Periodontal diseases in the general population have been associated with both an increased prevalence of atherosclerotic complications and an elevation in serum CRP values.

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12

Vance, Caroline. "Genetic linkage and association studies in motor neurone disease." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435086.

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13

Gomes, Cidália Maria Teixeira. "HLA and hemochromatosis disease association in São Miguel Island." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/792.

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Mestrado em Biologia Molecular e Celular<br>A hemocromatose hereditária uma doença autossómica recessiva do metabolismo do ferro, geralmente associada à mutação C282Y no gene HFE. Presume-se que a origem desta mutação tenha ocorrido por acaso no haplótipo HLA-A*03-B*07 de um indivíduo do noroeste da Europa. O presente trabalho visou caracterizar a associação entre os alelos e haplótipos dos loci HLA-A e -B com a mutação C282Y na população da ilha de São Miguel (Açores). Este estudo englobou 130 indivíduos, negativos para as mutações HFE H63D e S65C, que foram classificados em dois grupo

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14

Netherwood, Trudy. "The association of Clostridium perfringens with foal diarrhoea." Thesis, Open University, 1995. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57556/.

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Several case reports of Clostridium perjringens involvement in equine enteric disease have not identified the prevalence and statistical association of these bacteria with foal diarrhoea. Each of five methods which favoured the recovery of C. perjringens in different physiological states were chosen to improve the sensitivity of isolation in a survey of foal diarrhoea for C. perjringens and other pathogens. C. perjringens was significantly associated with foal diarrhoea (isolated from 57% of 421 scouring anjmals but from only 33% of 222 controls; odds ratio 7.4; p < 0.001 by multivariate analy

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15

Starkhammar, Johansson Carin. "Periodontitis and coronary artery disease : Studies on the association between periodontitis and coronary artery disease." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Kardiologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-86213.

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Periodontitis and coronary artery disease (CAD) are highly prevalent in Sweden’s population; both diseases have complicated pathogeneses and clinical manifestations due to immune-system triggered inflammation. Research in recent years reported that inflammation is a significant active participant in many chronic diseases. The literature described a CAD-periodontitis association, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. It is important to acquire knowledge about how periodontitis might influence CAD, which is one of the major causes of illness and death in western countries. Because

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16

Hoffman, Lori A. "Disease Gene Mapping Under The Coalescent Model." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1282058674.

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17

Bhatia, Simran Sukhmani. "Genetic Association of the APOEAPOC1APOC4 Locus with Coronary Artery Disease." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28712.

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Genome-wide association studies identified a 5' APOC1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4420638 (minor allele frequency (MAF)=0.18) at 19q13.2, with a CAD risk odds ratio (OR) of 1.17 (1.08-1.28) in linkage disequilibrium with apoE4 risk SNP rs429358 (r 2=0.70; OR=1.06 (0.99-1.13), MAF=0.15). Differing OR and MAF led to the hypothesis that rs4420638 risk is partially independent to rs429358. Additional SNPs not in HapMap were genotyped by sequencing, however no strong linkage existed. Genotypically associated traits include serum apoE, as determined by ELISA (rs4420638 AA: 25.5+/-4.8; A

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18

Souverein, Olga Willemijntje. "Methods for analysing genetic association studies application to cardiovascular disease /." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2007. http://dare.uva.nl/document/47223.

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19

Margolis, Melissa. "The Association of Psychosocial Factors on HIV/AIDS Disease Progression." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/234.

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Despite a rise in the number of studies looking at the relationship of psychosocial factors (coping style, personality type, and social support) on HIV/AIDS severity, there remains a lack of conclusive answers about the specific association between these factors. This study used a meta-analytic method of analysis to address these issues in the post anti-retroviral treatment modality world. A systematic search of major psychology and medical computerized databases led to 110 studies used in the meta-analysis. Social support was found to have the strongest relationship with HIV progression. Stru

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20

Wilson, Jonathan Nicholas. "Genetic diversity and disease association of the human IL10 locus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398394.

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21

O'Doherty, M. G. "Novel approaches to association between diet and cardiovascular disease risk." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.517437.

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22

Lu, Liya. "Association between active smoking, secondhand smoke and peripheral arterial disease." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2017. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/8059/.

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Worldwide, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death. It is widely accepted that both active smoking and exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) are associated with CVD. About 20% of the global population smoke tobacco or tobacco-related products. The global prevalence of smoking is increasing, although it is decreasing in some high-income and upper middle-income countries. Globally, about a third of adults and 40% children are regularly exposed to SHS. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), only 16% of the global population is protected by a comprehensive smoke-free leg

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23

Kagina, Benjamin Mugo. "Association between BCG-induced immunity and risk of TB disease." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11482.

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24

Huang, Wenhui. "Towards constructing disease relationship networks using genome-wide association studies." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46326.

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Background: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) prove to be a powerful approach to identify the genetic basis of various human[1] diseases. Here we take advantage of existing GWAS data and attempt to build a framework to understand the complex relationships among diseases. Specifically, we examined 49 diseases from all available GWAS with a cascade approach by exploiting network analysis to study the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) effect on the similarity between different diseases. Proteins within perturbation subnetwork are considered to be connection points between the disease sim

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25

Khoury, Jane Caroline. "Chronic Kidney Disease in Older Women: Association with Reproductive History." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc_num=ucin1147968863.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Cincinnati, 2006.<br>Advisor: Grace LeMasters. Title from electronic thesis title page (viewed Apr. 4, 2009). Keywords: chronic kidney disease; reproductive history; hysterectomy; menopause; NHANES. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

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26

Mittag, Florian [Verfasser]. "Disease risk prediction in genome-wide association studies / Florian Mittag." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111116035X/34.

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27

Jaeger, Samira. "Network-based inference of protein function and disease-gene association." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16623.

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Proteininteraktionen sind entscheidend für zelluläre Funktion. Interaktionen reflektieren direkte funktionale Beziehungen zwischen Proteinen. Veränderungen in spezifischen Interaktionsmustern tragen zur Entstehung von Krankheiten bei. In dieser Arbeit werden funktionale und pathologische Aspekte von Proteininteraktionen analysiert, um Funktionen für bisher nicht charakterisierte Proteine vorherzusagen und Proteine mit Krankheitsphänotypen zu assoziieren. Verschiedene Methoden wurden in den letzten Jahren entwickelt, die die funktionalen Eigenschaften von Proteinen untersuchen. Dennoch bleibt

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28

Dai, Yamei. "Linkage and association analysis in multiple sclerosis /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-020-2/.

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29

Hartiala, Jaana A., Tang W. H. Wilson, Zeneng Wang, et al. "Genome-wide association study and targeted metabolomics identifies sex-specific association of CPS1 with coronary artery disease." NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623257.

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Metabolites derived from dietary choline and L-carnitine, such as trimethylamine N-oxide and betaine, have recently been identified as novel risk factors for atherosclerosis in mice and humans. We sought to identify genetic factors associated with plasma betaine levels and determine their effect on risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). A two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified two significantly associated loci on chromosomes 2q34 and 5q14.1. The lead variant on 2q24 (rs715) localizes to carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (CPS1), which encodes a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyse

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30

Veeranki, Sreenivas P., Shimin Zheng, Yan Cao, and Arsham Alamian. "Association of Serum Vitamin D Levels with Respiratory and Atopic Diseases." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/91.

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Background: Vitamin D is known to be associated with inflammatory diseases, but its relationship with allergic diseases is unclear. The study objective is to determine the association of serum vitamin D levels and markers of wheeze, asthma and atopy. Methods: Data (n = 9,463) on serum vitamin D levels and atopy were obtained from 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Serum vitamin D level was categorized into four groups: Normal (≥30ng/ml), Insufficient (21-29ng/ml), Deficient (11-20ng/ml) and Severely Deficient (≤10ng/ml). Atopy was defined as at least 1 positive allerge

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31

Morimoto, Takaaki. "Significant association of RNF213 p.R4810K, a moyamoya susceptibility variant, with coronary artery disease." Kyoto University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/242398.

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32

He, Jianqing. "Candidate gene association studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/23723.

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COPD and asthma are complex diseases characterized by pulmonary inflammation. The roles of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the inflammatory cytokine IL10, IL10RA, CSF2, CSF3 and IL6 in COPD and SNPs in a Th2-polarizing cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in asthma are not clear. Association studies were performed to explore the genetic contribution of these cytokines to COPD or asthma. Housekeeping genes on airway epithelium were also optimized. In the study of COPD in the Lung Health Study (LHS), no association was found for IL10, IL10RA and CSF2; an increase in the numbe

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33

Li, Mingfang, and 酈明芳. "The association of adiponectin with cardiovascular disease and endothelial progenitor cell." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43572364.

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34

Yang, Sen. "Disease, Drug, and Target Association Predictions by Integrating Multiple Heterogeneous Sources." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1342194249.

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35

Li, Mingfang. "The association of adiponectin with cardiovascular disease and endothelial progenitor cell." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43572364.

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36

Wyman, Cynthia Elizabeth. "Association Between Latent Toxoplasma gondii Infection and Alzheimer's Disease." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7272.

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Introduction: Many studies have found an association between Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and behavioral and cognitive changes in animal models and in humans. In addition, early findings have suggested an association between T. gondii seropositivity and Alzheimer<'>s disease (AD). We sought to determine whether there is an association between T. gondii seropositivity and AD as well as cognitive functioning (including memory, working memory, processing speed, language functioning, executive functioning) in a large, well-characterized sample of subjects with AD and matched controls withou

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37

Sosa, Daniel N. "Principled "convergence" non-coding rare variant association testing in complex disease." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113171.

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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2017<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 29-31).<br>Although many genetic loci pertinent to complex diseases have been identified and despite the fact that complex diseases remain an immense burden to healthcare globally, many details about the mechanism of these diseases are still unknown. Thus far, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have only explained a small proportion of disease heritability, indicating that there is a la

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Giannantoni-Ibelli, Gina. "Association Between Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Prostate Cancer and Alzheimer's Disease." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6206.

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive, neurodegenerative disease and form of dementia. The hallmarks of AD are extracellular accumulation of amyloid beta protein, resulting in neuritic, senile plaques and intracellular accumulation of tau protein. AD mainly arises from imbalance of amyloid beta protein production and its clearance in the brain. Testosterone modulates production of amyloid beta protein by decreasing its accumulation. Prostate cancer remains a substantial public health challenge in the United States. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an effective trea

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Khosravi, Boroujeni Hossein. "Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its Components and Their Association with Vitamin D Status Among Iranian Adults." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367908.

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Metabolic syndrome, which is highly prevalent worldwide, is a clustering of several cardio-metabolic risk factors and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases. The exact causes of metabolic syndrome are not yet fully acknowledged; however, the most significant risk factors are: being overweight/obese, genetics, aging and inactivity. Moreover, there is evidence suggesting that vitamin D deficiency might be associated with the incidence of chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome; nevertheless, available data are conflicting regarding this association.

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40

AXENOVICH, Tatiana I., and Pavel M. BORODIN. "Search for Complex Disease Genes: Achievements and Failures." Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/2772.

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41

Gallagher, Clair. "Multiplex PCR suspension array method development for high-throughput NIDDM disease association." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2009. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4526.

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Aim: This work sets out to use haplotype-based tagSNP selection and a systematic in silico analysis for design of multiplex-compatible PCR primer and SAT probe sets to capture maximum variation with minimum tests across candidate genes IGF1, IGFBP1 and IGFBP3. Additionally, the work aims to develop a number of robust, high-efficiency, high-specificity multiplex PCR constructs for amplification of these targets and to demonstrate the applicability of these target types to suspension array genotyping for non-insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus association facilitation. Methods: Haplotypes for pr

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42

Lee, Ya-Ling, and 李雅玲. "The association between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81664545212842836361.

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博士<br>國立陽明大學<br>公共衛生研究所<br>102<br>Background: The periodontal disease (PD) is a high prevalent disease around the world. The cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the common diseases of modern people and result in high mortality rates. Cardiovascular disease included myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, transient ischemic attack, claudication, heart failure, coronary revascularization and peripheral arterial disease is the major death cause and leads severe disability. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. AMI is one of the acute events of C

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Meng-JiunChiou and 邱孟君. "Association between Maternal Chronic Disease and Congenital Heart Disease of Newborns." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/90854392951951701065.

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碩士<br>國立成功大學<br>公共衛生研究所<br>103<br>Prevention of congenital heart defects (CHDs) has not been very successful due to limited knowledge of risk factors for CHDs. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of childhood CHDs and to assess the risk of offspring CHDs in relation to maternal chronic disease. This was a retrospective cohort study with Birth Registration database 2004 to 2011, which was interlinked to Birth Certificate Application, and the National Health Insurance Research Database. We estimated, using logistic regression model with Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) method, th

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Guala, Dimitri. "Functional association networks for disease gene prediction." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147217.

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Mapping of the human genome has been instrumental in understanding diseasescaused by changes in single genes. However, disease mechanisms involvingmultiple genes have proven to be much more elusive. Their complexityemerges from interactions of intracellular molecules and makes them immuneto the traditional reductionist approach. Only by modelling this complexinteraction pattern using networks is it possible to understand the emergentproperties that give rise to diseases.The overarching term used to describe both physical and indirect interactionsinvolved in the same functions is functional ass

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Li, Jian-Ming, and 李建明. "Mining Quantitative Association Rules in Disease Databases." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76433798386921713653.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>電機工程學研究所<br>88<br>With the computerization of medical information and popularity of medical database, the amount of data grows much more rapidly than ever. There must be numerous known or unknown information hidden behind these data. Traditional statistical approach is not suit for processing such large amount of data. A technique called “Data Mining” is emerging in which the “Association Rules” is the one focusing on the relationship among data items. The technique of mining association rules was first introduced to search the pattern of items that a customer may bu

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古天雄. "Discovering Association between Alternative Splicing and Disease." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91171388752690808595.

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碩士<br>臺中健康暨管理學院<br>資訊科技研究所<br>92<br>Introduction: Alternative splicing is important because more proteins can be made from the relative few genes and. it is also an important mechanism regulating genetic expression. In this thesis, we will try to find out alternative splicing isoforms specific to several cancers and schizophenia and different development stage. The integrated information about diseases, pathways, proteins, and alternative splicing will be present. Methods: Alternative splicing database were constructed by aligning EST to whole genomic sequence

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47

Kuo, Yu-Ching, and 郭宇清. "Association between schizophrenia and chronic kidney disease." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32767647077460698386.

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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>生物資訊及系統生物研究所<br>101<br>Schizophrenia patients experience mental and physical function weakened in the process, and because use of antipsychotics, may cause hypertension, diabetes, stroke and other and other associated metabolic syndrome, these chronic diseases are high prevalence in Taiwan. The burden of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global challenge. 12% of population in Taiwan suffer from CKD, due to CKD is not easy to find, and because of schizophrenia patients use long-term medication, increasing the burden of renal metabolism, this study aim to find

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48

Chang, Ling-Fang, and 張齡方. "Association Between Tiotropium and Cardiovascular Diseases in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34153030671430225138.

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碩士<br>國立陽明大學<br>藥理學研究所<br>103<br>Background: Tiotropium (Spiriva®) is an inhaled, long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA). The 2015 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guideline included Tiotropium in long-term maintenance therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Tiotropium has been proved to reduce exacerbations, related hospitalizations and symptoms of COPD; however, its cardio-safety is still in debate. Anticholinergic effects of Tiotropium could suppress parasympathetic control, which may lead to tachycardia, cardiac ischemia, stroke and increase

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49

Guo, Xuan. "Searching Genome-wide Disease Association Through SNP Data." 2015. http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cs_diss/101.

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Taking the advantage of the high-throughput Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technology, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWASs) are regarded holding promise for unravelling complex relationships between genotype and phenotype. GWASs aim to identify genetic variants associated with disease by assaying and analyzing hundreds of thousands of SNPs. Traditional single-locus-based and two-locus-based methods have been standardized and led to many interesting findings. Recently, a substantial number of GWASs indicate that, for most disorders, joint genetic effects (epistatic interacti

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Hawthorne, Felicia Alessandra. "Convergence of Genetic Disease Association and Ocular Expression." Diss., 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/6133.

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<p>The visual system in humans provides the ability to interpret our surroundings from many distances. This complex system serves as a powerful sense which can drastically impact the quality of life when threatened or eliminated. While the mechanisms involved in visual interpretation are largely understood, many of the mechanisms of ocular diseases remain elusive. The most common ocular disorders are refractive errors, where failure of normal growth processes results in eye components with shape and sizes that are not matched to provide uncorrected sharp visual acuity without correction. M

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