To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Disease representation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Disease representation'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Disease representation.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Bielefeld, Roger Alan. "Fuzzy representation of uncertainty in disease progression." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060268903.
Full text
2
Grinbergs-Saull, Anna. "Patient representation and the research agenda in neurodegenerative disease." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2015. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ab40bfb3-ce1a-4b42-9fbc-479034321619.
Full textAbstract:
Patient organisations are often characterised in sociological literature as patient representatives, speaking for people affected by an illness in medical, political and scientific spheres. Using Motor Neurone Disease and Parkinson’s organisations as case studies, I investigate the challenges faced by patient organisations attempting to fulfil this role, focusing in particular on the need to balance responsibilities associated with care and campaign functions and increasing engagement in research. The principal focus of this PhD is to examine different conceptualisations of representativeness that have been discussed overtly and implicitly by participants. I have examined the extent to which patient organisations represent their members’ needs and cultivate a sense of collective identity, the way in which the patient organisations represent their members during the setting of research agendas, and finally I have considered the extent to which representation coincides with the concept of patient involvement.
3
Downing, Nancy Ruth. "Couples' illness representation and coping procedures in prodromal Huntington disease." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2693.
Full textAbstract:
Huntington disease (HD) is a degenerative neurological disease that typically onsets in midlife. It leads to progressively severe impairment in cognitive, behavioral, and motor function and premature death. Persons who test positive for the HD gene expansion know they will develop the disease. Research indicates changes are detectable several years before onset. Thus, HD has a long prodromal period (prHD). While researchers are aware of changes, little is known whether persons with prHD or their companions notice changes, or how they make sense of and cope with them. Leventhal and colleagues developed the Common Sense Model of Illness Representation (CSM) to describe how people make sense of illness. According to the CSM, people notice somatic changes, form illness representations, select coping procedures and evaluate them, and reappraise illness representations in an iterative process. The CSM has been used to explore illness representations in a variety of illnesses, including diagnosed HD. The authors of the model state it is also applicable in anticipated illness but this assertion has not been adequately tested.
The purpose of this thesis was to use the CSM to explore and describe illness representations in persons with prHD and their companions. The results of this exploration are presented in three papers. The first paper, presented in Chapter 2, was a preliminary study based on interview data from 8 persons and 7 companions. Results of this analysis indicated persons with prHD and companions noticed and made attributions for changes, suggesting they formed illness representations. However, they were unsure whether some changes were related to HD. Results were considered preliminary because participants were not directly asked to make attributions. Data were also limited to changes in work function and the sample size was small. In the next two papers, 23 couples were interviewed. The purpose of the second paper, presented in Chapter 3, was to explore illness representations in persons with prHD and their companions and evaluate the usefulness of the CSM in anticipated illness using prHD as a model. Results supported preliminary findings: Participants noticed changes, made attributions, used coping strategies and evaluated them. Again, they unsure whether some changes were related to HD. Other elements of the CSM were partially supported by the data. The third paper, presented in Chapter 4, used quantitative and qualitative methods to explore coping in persons with prHD and companions. Participants were asked open-ended questions about how they coped with changes and were also verbally administered the Brief COPE scale. Both quantitative and qualitative data showed participants used active coping, acceptance, planning, and social support. Participants rarely used denial or substance abuse. Persons with prHD used more coping strategies than companions. Three major themes from the qualitative interview were identified: trying to fix it, can't fix it, and not broken yet. Qualitative interviews revealed some coping strategies that the Brief COPE did not measure. Findings from these papers may inform interventions to help people with prHD and companions cope with changes. Persons with prHD and companions might benefit from knowing what changes might be related to HD in order to cope more effectively.
4
Michaud, James. "Deconstructing the representation of AIDS in poetry." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ42414.pdf.
Full text
5
Oliveira, Ana Angélica Leão de. "Social Representation of Health and Disease: a case study carried out in Piedade de Caratinga city/MG." Centro Universitário de Caratinga, 2006. http://bibliotecadigital.unec.edu.br/bdtdunec/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=30.
Full textAbstract:
lt;p align="justify"gt;Introdução: A saúde é considerada elemento essencial à vida das pessoas, e a doença representa uma ameaça a continuação da vida, sendo por isso evitada e temida. Os fenômenos de saúde e doença podem ser interpretados de diferentes formas, dependendo da ciência que os analisa e do contexto social, econômico, cultural e ambiental em que se expressam. Objetivo: No estudo realizado, procurou-se verificar as representações sociais de saúde e doença e sua relação com a perspectiva de gênero, a partir de usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde no município de Piedade de Caratinga/MG. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de caso, onde a metodologia qualitativa foi adotada como principal forma de análise. Resultados: As práticas e representações dessas pessoas são fortemente influenciadas por informações obtidas através do corpo de conhecimento médico, com influência positivista e pela rede de informações formadas a partir do contexto social, cultural, econômico e histórico em que vivem. Conclusão: As mulheres aparecem como principais gestoras da saúde de suas famílias e tomam para si as tarefas e cuidados relativos à saúde e à doença, mesmo quando têm outras ocupações além do trabalho doméstico; quanto aos homens, adotam uma postura de afastamento, preocupam-se mais com assuntos relativos à subsistência familiar, neles a doença aparece como uma ameaça.lt;/pgt;lt;p align="justify"gt; Introduction: The heath is looked upon as an indispensable element for the lives of the people, while disease appears as a threat for life continuation, thus it is avoided and feared. Health and disease phenomena may be interpreted in different forms, depending on the science that analyze them as well as the ambiental, cultural, economical and social context in which they occur. Objectives: In the study that was carried out aimed at verifying the social representation of health and disease and their relationship with the gender perspectives, starting with users of the Sistema Único de Saúde in Piedade de Caratinga municipality/MG. Methods: It deals with a case study where qualitative methodology has been used as the main form for analysis. Results: The uses and representation of those people are strongly influenced by the information coming from the staff members of medical knowledge, with positivist influence and for the information network coming from the historical, economical, cultural and social context in which they live. Conclusion: The women show up as the main managers of health care for their families and they take the tasks and cares related to health and disease into their own hands,even when they perform different tasks in addition to home works. As for the men, they adopt a distant posture and are much more concerned with the subjects relate to family subsistence, feeling disease as a menace.lt;/pgt;
6
Geva, Anat. "Semantic hyperpriming in dementia of the Alzheimer's type : a distributed representation approach." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27483.
Full textAbstract:
Semantic knowledge was investigated in patients diagnosed with Dementia of the Alzheimer's Type (DAT) by means of an off-line probe question battery and an on-line measurement of semantic priming in a lexical decision task (LDT) that varied the stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA). The patients' performance on the detailed probe questions showed that their semantic deficit was confined primarily to animate concepts, characterized by visual descriptive features. In the primed LDT, demented patients demonstrated increased semantic priming compared to age-matched controls. A trend was also found indicating that for both normal controls and DAT subjects the priming magnitude decreased as the SOA increased. These results are interpreted in terms of a distributed representation of semantic knowledge that is impaired in demented patients.
7
DUAN, Jie. "The discourse of disease : the representation of SARS - the China daily and the South China Morning Post." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2007. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/eng_etd/5.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a case study on newspaper discourse representation of SARS. The study uses two representative English newspapers in Asia – the China Daily (“CD”) and the South China Morning Post (“SCMP”). By comparing the discursive construction of the same event – the outbreak of SARS - in the two newspapers, it aims to reveal that the practice of news follows institutional, cultural and political assumptions, and also make visible the two newspapers’ embedded attitudes and ideological positions. The methodology is a critical corpus linguistics (CCL) approach, especially using KWIC format (Key Word in context), word frequency, collocation, and concordance data, which is analyzed according to transitivity systems of systemic functional grammar (SFG). The main approach of the study is achieved by a computer-assisted corpus analysis with the help of software “Wordsmith 3.0” (on line version). Results indicate that through the comparison of the newspapers’ corpora, there are statistically significant differences between the two newspapers’ word patterns. First, in the context of SARS, the CD corpus and the SCMP corpus shows different word choice and words frequency in occupying disease-relevant and human-relevant words. Second, when SARS is situated as the node word, the collocation results discuss the observation that the CD tends to treat the SARS epidemic from a national struggle perspective, while the standpoint of the SCMP is more based on the human health and safety, and its social role as the fourth estate. Moreover, the collocation of the three selected keywords is summarized for finding out the general patterns of their concordance lines. Third, according to further concordancing analysis, the study investigates to what extent critical corpus linguistics and transitivity systems of systemic functional grammar can be mutually reinforced and interpreted within the disease discourse context, textually, culturally and ideologically. In particular, a power hierarchy model is established and used in the transitivity analysis. Results show that the two selected newspapers discursively constructed the SARS-issue in a different way, and these differences help to understand how the ideologies work in both newspapers.
8
Humphries, Stacey Alexandra. "Gestural communication in Parkinson's disease : language, action and cognition." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.692611.
Full textAbstract:
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition which results in severe motor impairment. Deterioration in multiple domains of cognition is another hallmark of PD. Together, these motor and cognitive impairments impact substantially on language and communication. Co-speech gestures are a form of action and are also part of linguistic processes, yet have rarely been explored in PD. Gestures can provide imagistic depictions of concepts described by speech and contribute to communication in healthy individuals. They rely on visual, spatial, and motor simulations and imagery, which may be impaired in PD. It is therefore of clinical importance to evaluate how co-speech gestures might be impaired to understand the extent of communicative impairment in PD. PD can also provide a useful model to understanding the cognitive basis of co-speech gesture in healthy people. In Chapter 2, participants described isolated actions. Gesture rate did not differ between the two groups, however, the groups differed in terms of the visual perspective they adopted when depicting actions in gesture. Controls preferred a “character viewpoint” or first-person perspective where their hands represented the hands of the actor, whereas PD patients preferred an “observer viewpoint” or third-person perspective, where their hand represented a whole person. This finding was replicated and extended in Chapter 3 where low-motion and high-motion actions were described in a longer narrative task. PD patients produced fewer character viewpoint gestures when describing high-motion action events, suggesting a difficulty in simulating these events from a first-person perspective. In addition, PD patients had difficult depicting “manner” (how an action is performed) features in gesture during high but not low motion. Extending the findings of Chapter 2, whilst overall rate of gesture production was not affected, PD patients produced action gestures at a significantly lower rate than controls. Chapter 4 took a different focus by investigating gesture depictions of static spatial (rather than dynamic action) features via a house description task. Gesture rate did not differ, but the groups depicted different types of spatial properties to a different extent. Whilst both groups predominantly gestured about location and relative position information, PD patients gestured more about directions whereas controls gestures more about shape and size information. This suggests that different strategies were being employed by the two groups. Finally, testing young adults’ comprehension of these spatial gestures in Chapter 5 revealed that gestures did not significantly improve comprehension of either PD patients’ or controls’ spoken messages, though there may have been ceiling effects. However, both PD patients and controls were viewed as more competent when their messages were viewed with gestures. The findings suggest a selective action-gesture deficit in PD which complements work demonstrating action-verb impairments in these patients, and supports gesture production theories which hypothesise a role for motor simulations and imagery. Overall gesture rate appears to be largely unaffected. The effects of PD can be felt beyond changes to goal-directed action, in the realms of language and social behaviour, but gestures may be able to improve listeners’ social perceptions of PD patients.
9
Balck, Friedrich, and Michael Preuss. "Die unterschiedliche Wahrnehmung und kognitive Repräsentation von Erkrankungen." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-ds-1226419100824-22024.
Full textAbstract:
Erkrankung ist mit mehr oder weniger eindeutigen körperlichen Beschwerden verbunden. Welche Bedeutung die Person diesen Beschwerden gibt, mit welchen Gedanken sie diese Beschwerden verknüpft, wird mit dem Begriff “Krankheitsrepräsentation” zusammengefasst. Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit der inneren Systematik solcher Krankheitsrepräsentationen und möglichen Einflussfaktoren, durch die es zu sehr unterschiedlichen Krankheitseinschätzungen und zu einem unterschiedlichen Krankheitsverhalten kommtThe emergence of a physical disease is announced by more or less explicit physical complaints. The importance of these complaints for an individual person and the thoughts which are attached to them are summarised in the term “disease representation”. This article deals with the internal system of such disease representation and with influencing factors which may be responsible for differing disease evaluations and different behaviour in connection with diseases
10
Younger, Laura Sue. "HIV/AIDS literature the effects of representation on an ethics of care /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092520560.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.Document formatted into pages; contains 282 p. Includes bibliographical references. Abstract available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center; full text release delayed at author's request until 2007 Aug. 16.
11
Yang, Victor. "Unleashing power : pathways to inclusion and representation in U.S. AIDS activist organisations : a comparative case study of political representation in the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:5b51086e-cd00-4d92-b39a-2865219ea5a1.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis proposes a theory for the development of substantive representation among social movement organisations (SMOs). Substantive representation (SR) is the extent to which political institutions advance the policy interests of their constituents, in particular the most disenfranchised. Despite their noble proclamations, institutions of representative democracy often fail to advance the interests of groups who have been ignored and absent at the proverbial table. The thesis establishes a causal process to explain the divergence in SR outcomes among informal SMOs, or all-volunteer groups that disavow formal hierarchy in favour of egalitarian modes of decision-making. It utilises a case study of the AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power (ACT UP), an umbrella organisation dedicated to ending the HIV/AIDS crisis in the United States and worldwide. It explains an anomalous story of SR attainment through the ACT UP Philadelphia chapter, compared to sister groups in New York City and Boston. The analysis draws from 92 semi-structured interviews, 13 months of participant observation, periodical review, and archival databases. ACT UP Philadelphia translated common SMO intentions of inclusivity into the uncommon rituals of practice. It forged a deliberate pipeline to invest not only in the presence but also the power of disenfranchised people with HIV, people too dark and poor to interest counterpart groups in other cities. Through an analytic retelling of ACT UP's history, the thesis argues that the fulfilment of SR depends on the ability of SMOs to appeal to member self-interest. Critically, SMOs can offer material incentives and nurture feelings of debt and obligation: causal steps to recruitment and sustainability of a heterogeneous membership. In building a crucial if contentious core of dissimilar people and partnerships, SMOs can unleash an oft-unrealised power for collective action and SR, by and for disenfranchised peoples who had thought change to be impossible.
12
Ribas, Camila Rezende Pimentel. "Representações sociais dos alimentos para pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-18082009-125901/.
Full textAbstract:
Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar as representações sociais dos alimentos sob a ótica de pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, exploratória, de abordagem qualitativa, cujo referencial teórico adotado foi a teoria das representações sociais. Optou-se por esse referencial teórico, em virtude de ser o mais adequado para investigar como as representações sociais dos alimentos são percebidas pelas pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. O enfoque teórico fundamenta-se na psicologia social, na vertente de Moscovici, aprofundada por Denise Jodelet. Os participantes foram selecionados a partir da lista de espera do Centro de Pesquisa e Extensão Universitária do interior paulista, em 2008. A amostra foi constituída por 14 participantes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, de ambos os sexos, cuja idade variou de 43 a 83 anos, sendo atendidos os critérios de seleção. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se um roteiro de entrevista estruturada e um roteiro de entrevista semi-estruturada construído a partir da literatura, com a seguinte questão norteadora: Gostaria que falasse a respeito do que os alimentos significam para o(a) Sr(a) em seu dia-a-dia. Para a finalização das entrevistas, utilizou-se o critério de saturação dos dados. Os dados foram submetidos à técnica de análise de conteúdo, na modalidade de análise temática, o que possibilitou identificar sete categorias temáticas: -Alimentos para diabetes não sustentam; -Sentimentos em relação aos alimentos; -Descrença na orientação dos profissionais de saúde; -Custo oneroso dos alimentos recomendados para o diabetes; -Prazer regendo a busca pelo alimento; -Diabetes como o diabo; -Alimento como vício. Os resultados mostraram contradições nos depoimentos dos participantes; ora o consumo dos alimentos é regido pela idéia de que os alimentos recomendados pelos profissionais de saúde não sustentam, ora pelo prazer, ora por sentimentos de depressão, inferioridade, ansiedade, entre outros; além de estabelecerem relação entre alimento e vício, e entre o diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e o diabo. Para os participantes, os alimentos constituem algo que desejam e repudiam ao mesmo tempo, conduzindo-os a um sofrimento psíquico, que dificulta o alcance do controle metabólico. Por outro lado, ao desempenhar funções de reativação da memória, além de conforto, segurança, os alimentos podem propiciar interações entre as pessoas. Concluiu-se que os resultados obtidos neste estudo são importantes ao redirecionamento dos programas em educação em diabetes, em particular ao atendimento às pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 que necessitam de suporte ao seguimento do plano alimentar. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessário o reconhecimento, por parte da equipe multiprofissional de saúde, acerca da subjetividade e dos aspectos simbólicos e culturais que abrangem o planejamento alimentar da pessoa com diabetes mellitus tipo 2. A identificação e valorização desses aspectos permitirão maior vínculo dos profissionais de saúde com as pessoas, e conseqüentemente, o oferecimento da atenção em diabetes, considerando as suas reais necessidades e expectativas. Através da identificação das representações sociais dos alimentos, a partir das pessoas com diabetes mellitus tipo 2, espera-se que um novo olhar dos profissionais de saúde possa emergir em relação à compreensão da atenção em diabetes mellitus tipo 2.This study aimed to identify social representations of food from the perspective of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. This is a descriptive, exploratory research with a qualitative approach, in the theoretical framework of social representations theory. This framework was chosen because it is the most adequate to investigate how type 2 diabetes mellitus patients perceive social representations of foods. The theoretical focus is based on Moscovicis social psychology, deepened by Denise Jodelet. Participants were selected based on the waiting list at the Research and University Service Center in the interior of São Paulo, Brazil in 2008. The sample consisted of 14 male and female participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, whose age ranged from 43 to 83 years, in compliance with selection criteria. For data collection, a structured interview script and a semistructured interview script based on literature were used, with the following guiding question: I would like you to talk about what food means to you in your daily life. The data saturation criterion was used to finish the interviews. Data were submitted to thematic content analysis, which permitted the identification of seven theme categories: -Food for diabetes does not sustain; -Feelings about food; -Disbelief in health professionals orientation; -High cost of food recommended for diabetes; -Pleasure ruling the search for food; -Diabetes as the devil; -Food as an addiction. The results showed contradictions in the participants testimonies; food consumption is sometimes ruled by the Idea that foods recommended by health professionals do not sustain, sometimes by pleasure, sometimes by feelings of depression, inferiority, anxiety, among others; participants also link food with addiction, and type 2 diabetes mellitus with the devil. According to the participants, food represents something they want and reject at the same time, leading to mental suffering, which makes it more difficult to achieve metabolic control. On the other hand, in performing memory reactivation functions, besides comfort and security, food can favor interactions between people. The results obtained in this research are important to redirect diabetes education programs, particularly for care delivery to type 2 diabetes mellitus patients who need support to follow the food plan. In this sense, the multiprofessional health team needs to acknowledge the subjectivity and symbolic and cultural aspects involved in food planning for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Identifying and valuing these aspects will permit greater bonding between health professionals and these patients and, consequently, diabetes care delivery that considers their true needs and expectations. By identifying type 2 diabetes patients social representations of food, it is hoped that health professionals can acquire a new look with a view to understanding type 2 diabetes mellitus care.
13
Kuhn, Kamden. "Talking with ALS Patients: An Exploratory Study of Patient Attitudes toward Mass Messages about ALS." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3193.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the attitudes and opinions of ALS patients toward mass messages about their condition. Six focus groups of ALS patient support groups viewed and responded to public relations messages, charity advertisements, and a news story. Results suggest that mass messages remind participants of the need for public ALS awareness. Participants also said they shared in the narratives and identify closely with the characters in the messages they viewed, and participants expressed concern with disease depictions. These concerns included a tension between positive and realistic portrayals, identification of message inaccuracies, and a desire for more specific disease information. The ALS disease as it relates to mass communication has not yet been explored in scholarly literature. This study highlights the importance of the thoughts and opinions of ALS patients toward mass communication about their disease, and it provides a rich understanding of the participants' desires for their disease experience to be recognized and understood.
14
Duarte, Teresa Cristina. "Representações de saúde e doença por profissionais da Saúde no contexto pluricultural de fronteira." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2545.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T19:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Dissertacao Teresa Cristina Duarte2.pdf: 1829449 bytes, checksum: 419957adc9e2fc6e56bc77a39c2d786b (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2014-02-20Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The biomedical model institutionally assumed in Healthcare today has been unable to achieve comprehensiveness regarding individual care. The conflict this sector is facing has required a deeper understanding of the human being, whos meaning is found in the context. Among the many challenges facing health professionals embedded in a context of borders, there is the understanding of aspects involving cultural differences and social representations, which motivated the proposition of this very research. In order to investigate how health professionals in the plurilcultural border scenario build their discursive practices, representations of health and desease, three research questions were developed: a) How the (re) meaning of the concept of health and disease and the role of interdisciplinarity in the current context representations of health and desease, three research questions were developed has been made? b) How the representations of cultural differences influence their professional practice? c) What representations are formed by health professionals on health and disease? To answer these questions a qualitative / interpretive methodological approach was followed. The generation of data for the analysis was conducted through audio-recorded semi-structured interviews with 10 participants. A field diary was also used. As categories emerged from the formulated representations regarding cultural differences and their influences in professional practices we have: cultural plural due to differences present in all relationships, the presence of practices flexibility adopted by health professionals facing the individual‟s cultural needs and the paradox between recognizing the importance of culture and the lack of it‟s effective application, indicated primarily by the biomedical model of health. The representations of health and desease by health professionals allowed to observe the acceptance of this concept as a dynamic process that is individually established with an overview divided into three categories: the relation with well-being; the dynamic process; the individual perceptions. Through the analysis it was evident that contact with people from other cultures leads to changes which, in most cases, were positive in the sense that the professional has become more open, flexible and attentive to the other, a factor that contributes to health and disease representation to be conditioned by external factors and determined by the individual.
O modelo biomédico institucionalmente assumido na Saúde, hoje, tem se apresentado incapaz de alcançar a integralidade no atendimento ao sujeito. O conflito pelo qual esse setor tem passado revela que o trabalho nesta área tem exigido conhecimentos mais profundos do ser humano, que encontra sentido no contexto. Entre os muitos desafios colocados aos profissionais da área da Saúde, inseridos em um contexto de fronteiras, há o de compreender aspectos que envolvem as diferenças culturais e suas representações sociais, o que motivou a proposição da presente pesquisa. Com o objetivo de investigar como os profissionais da Saúde no cenário pluricultural de fronteira constroem, em suas práticas discursivas, representações sobre saúde-doença, foram elaboradas três perguntas de pesquisa: a) Como foi sendo (re)significado o conceito de saúde e doença e qual o papel da interdisciplinaridade no contexto atual?; b) Como as representações sobre diferenças culturais influenciam em suas práticas profissionais? e c) Quais representações são construídas pelos profissionais da Saúde sobre a saúde e a doença? Para responder às perguntas, foi seguida a abordagem metodológica qualitativa/interpretativista. A geração de dados para a análise foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas com dez participantes, gravadas em áudio. Também foi utilizado diário de campo. Surgiram como categorias das representações formuladas sobre as diferenças culturais e a influência delas nas práticas profissionais: as culturas plurais que apareceram devido às diferenças presentes em todas as relações, a presença da flexibilidade das práticas adotadas pelos profissionais da Saúde diante da necessidade cultural do indivíduo e o paradoxo entre reconhecer a importância da cultura e a falta de aplicação prática, apontados principalmente pelo modelo biomédico vigente de Saúde. As representações de saúde e de doença pelos profissionais da Saúde permitiram observar a aceitação deste conceito como sendo um processo dinâmico que se estabelece individualmente, ideia geral dividida em três categorias: a relação com o bem-estar; o processo dinâmico; as percepções individuais. Ficou evidente, pelas análises, que o contato com pessoas de outras culturas provoca mudanças, que, em sua maioria, mostraram-se positivas no sentido de que o profissional apresenta-se mais aberto, flexível e atento ao outro, fator que contribui para representar que saúde e doença são condicionadas por fatores externos e determinadas pelo indivíduo.
15
Josset, Éliane. "Le corps de l’enfant à l'épreuve de la drépanocytose : traitement psychique de la douleur et représentations de la maladie dans les dessins d’enfants et le discours des patients, des familles et des soignants." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC330.
Full textAbstract:
La drépanocytose est la maladie génétique la plus fréquente au monde. Elle se manifeste principalement par une douleur intense et imprévisible. Les crises de douleur nécessitent parfois un traitement médical et psychique en hospitalisation. Pendant ces crises, l’enfant éprouve des angoisses massives et un état de désaide. Même si la douleur peut être destructurante, le traitement psychique de la crise peut être soutenu par une prise en charge psychologique. La douleur suit une trajectoire entre l’enfant et son environnement. Par contagion et identification, l’entourage peut être menacé et submergé. Les crises de drépanocytose émaillent la vie des patients dès leur plus jeune âge, et sont à la fois effractantes et constitutives de leur sentiment d’être. Il arrive ainsi que sans cesser de souligner la difficulté d’exister du sujet, la crise douloureuse signe parfois le mouvement et l’expression de sa subjectivité.Ce travail abordera tout d’abord des aspects cliniques et théoriques de la drépanocytose, en particulier, les enjeux de la représentation de la douleur, de la maladie et de la filiation. Puis, à travers une étude qualitative, nous proposerons à des enfants de dessiner leur douleur et un entretien semi-directif sera mené auprès d’un de leur parent.Cette recherche a pour objectif de contribuer à l’amélioration de la prise en charge médicale et psychique des enfants drépanocytaires et de leurs parentsSickle cell disease is the most common genetic disorder in the world. The main symptom is intense and unpredictable pain. Painful crisis sometimes require medical and psychic cares during hospitalization. In painful crisis, the child experiences massive anxieties and feelings of helplessness. Even if pain could be destructuring, an intrapsychic treatment can be held by psychological support. Pain follows a path between the child and his environment. By contagion and identification, people nearby may feel threatened and overwhelmed. Sickle cell crisis, peppering the lives of patients at a young age, are at once effractant and constitutive of their “feeling of being”. Without understating the difficulty to exist of the subject, painful crisis sometimes sign the movement and expression of subjectivity.At first, this research approaches clinical and theoretical aspects of sickle cell disease, specifically, issues of representations of the disease, pain, and filiation. Then, in a qualitative study, we will offer to children to draw their pain. A semi-structured interview will be conducted with their parent. This research aims to contribute to the improvement of medical and psychic care for children with sickle cell disease and their parents
16
Silva, Érika Machado Pinto da. "Representações sociais da Aids para pessoas que vivem com HIV e suas interfaces cotidianas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2615.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever o conteúdo das representações sociais acerca da Aids para os usuários soropositivos em acompanhamento ambulatorial da rede pública de saúde e analisar a interface das representações sociais da Aids com o cotidiano dos indivíduos que vivem com o HIV, especialmente no que concerne à sua organização e ao processo de adesão ao tratamento. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, pautado na abordagem qualitativa e orientado pela Teoria das Representações Sociais. Os sujeitos consistiram em 30 usuários em acompanhamento ambulatorial de um Hospital Público Municipal localizado na cidade do Rio de Janeiro referenciado para clientes soropositivos ao HIV/Aids. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista e analisados através da análise de conteúdo. Como resultados, emergiram 6 categorias, quais sejam: Elementos de memória da Ancoragem da Aids na sociedade e o seu processo de transformação, onde foi explicitada a ancoragem da Aids no outro, na África, no macaco, no homossexual e uma nova ancoragem apresentada consiste na cronicidade do diabetes, deixando a síndrome de ser sinônimo de morte; Transmissão e Prevenção da Aids segundo as pessoas que convivem com a síndrome, na qual os sujeitos apresentaram quase todas as formas cientificamente comprovadas quanto aos meios de transmissão do vírus HIV; O cotidiano dos indivíduos soropositivos permeado pelo processo de vulnerabilidade ao HIV, no âmbito do qual entende-se que o reconhecimento do risco individual frente à epidemia irá influenciar, sobretudo, as práticas e os comportamentos das pessoas; Discriminação e ocultamento no conviver com o HIV, onde se apresenta como estratégias de sobrevivência social o ocultamento do estado de soropositividade ao HIV. Assim, podem continuar a vida como pessoas consideradas normais, sem serem acusadas e discriminadas, sejam no âmbito familiar, social ou no trabalho; além disso, os sujeitos do estudo declararam que eram preconceituosos antes do diagnóstico; o processo de adesão ao tratamento na cotidianidade de indivíduos soropositivos, observando-se, nesta categoria, que um dos grandes motivadores da adesão ao tratamento consiste no fato dos usuários acreditarem no resultado positivo da terapêutica; o enfrentamento cotidiano experiênciado pelos sujeitos que convivem com o HIV, onde a forma como os sujeitos organizam o seu cotidiano para enfrentar e conviver com o HIV reflete diretamente em suas atitudes e em suas práticas, tanto no processo da adesão, como nas relações sociais (o outro) e, principalmente, na relação individual (o eu). Conclui-se que a representação social da Aids apresenta-se multifacetada e dependente do contexto histórico e social no qual o indivíduo está inserido, seus valores, cultura, nível de informação e conhecimento.The current study had as its purpose describes the content of the social representations concerning to AIDS for the serum positive users with ambulatorial attendance of the public health system and to analyze the interface of the social representations of AIDS with the daily routine of the individuals who live with HIV, particularly in what concerns to its organization and to its process of adhesion to the treatment. It attends of an exploratory descriptive study, ruled in the qualitative approach and guided by the Theory of the Social Representations. The subjects consisted of 30 users with ambulatorial attendance of a Municipal Public Hospital located in the Rio de Janeiro City referenced for serum positive customers concerning to HIV/AIDS. The data were collected through interview and analyzed through the analysis of great content. As results, emerged 6 categories, as they follow: Elements of memory of the Anchoragement of the Aids in the society and its process of transformation, where it was explicated the anchoragement of Aids in the other one, in Africa, in the monkey, in the homosexual and a new presented anchoragement consists in the chronicity of the diabetes, omitting the syndrome of being synonymous of death; Transmission and Prevention of the Aids according to the people that live together with the syndrome, in which the subjects presented almost all the ways scientifically confirmed according to the ways of the HIV virus transmission; The day by day of the serum-positive individuals permeated by the vulnerability to the HIV virus, at the range in which gets along with the recognition of the individual risk heading to the epidemy will influence, overall, the practices and the peoples behaviors; Discrimination and concealing in living with the HIV virus, where its introduces as strategies of social survival the concealing of the serum positive state to the HIV virus. In such case, it can be continued the life as people being considered as normal ones, without being accused and discriminated, whatever in the familiar range, social or at work; moreover, the subjects of the study declared that they were prejudiced before the diagnosis; the process of adhesion to the treatments concerning to the serum positive individuals day by day routine, observing, in this category, that one of the greatest inciters of the adhesion to the treatment consists in the fact of the users make believing in the positive result of the therapeutics; the daily facing experienced by the subjects who live with the HIV virus, where the way they organize their own day by day to face and to live together with the HIV virus reflects directly in their attitudes and also in their practices, such as in the adhesion process, or as in the social relations (the other one) and, essentially, in the individual relation (the ones themselves). It follows that the social representation of the Aids presents itself multifaced and depends on the historical and social context in what the individual is filled in, their values, culture, level of information and knowledge.
17
Lima, Eduardo Marinho Cavalcante. "Fisioterapeutas no atendimento à pessoa com deficiência física em reabilitação: representações sociais e perspectivas de futuro na inclusão social." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2011. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/1563.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:39:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Eduardo Marinho Cavalcante Lima.pdf: 393992 bytes, checksum: ab1a28ae55e2024f44a4bf9e73630e4c (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2011-08-12Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The objective of this study is to verify and analyze the social representations of physical therapists, on the persons with physical disabilities and how this thinking contributes to their professional performance and, consequently, to an improvement in the quality of life and a social inclusion effective. It is important to know the vision of the physiotherapists, not only in the rehabilitation of functionality, but also, the conceptualization of physical disability and the expectations of future in the social sector for people with disabilities Participated In the survey 14 physical therapists who work in an institution of Teresina PI, that assists children, youths and adults, with physical disabilities, congenital or acquired, whose sequels affect the individual's motive conditions in the physical rehabilitation of the institution. The instruments used were the application of questionnaires with open and closed subjects and interviews semi-structured. The data tabulated and categorized were subjected to content analysis before the interviewees report. According the research, the physiotherapists represent the deficiency in the physiologic ambit, evidencing the motive alterations that the own deficiency presents that is, the pathological situation that the own disability presents a determinant for the limitations and incapacities. Already in the representation of deficiency in the social aspect, the professionals, approached that the atmosphere in that live it can influence in the life quality. However, when questioned about the legislations, existent and adopted, the professionals showed insecurity, not presenting enough theoretical embasamentos, needing more information and professional knowledge. To develop a humanized vision gone back to your patients' rights in the social inclusion and a perspective of promising future is of great importance for the improvement of the professional's social critical sense.
O objetivo desse estudo constitui-se em verificar e analisar as representações sociais dos fisioterapeutas sobre as pessoas com deficiência física e quanto esse pensar contribui para sua atuação profissional e, consequentemente, para uma melhoria da qualidade de vida e inclusão social eficaz. É importante conhecer a visão dos fisioterapeutas, não só na reabilitação da funcionalidade, mas, também, a conceituação da deficiência física e as expectativas de futuro no âmbito social das pessoas com deficiência. Participaram da pesquisa 14 fisioterapeutas que atuam em uma instituição na capital do Piauí e atendem a crianças, jovens e adultos com deficiência física, congênita ou adquirida, cujas sequelas afetem a condição motora do indivíduo no setor de reabilitação física da instituição. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a aplicação de questionários com questões abertas e fechadas e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Os dados tabulados e categorizados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo diante do relato dos entrevistados. Conforme revelou a pesquisa, os fisioterapeutas identificam a deficiência no âmbito da Saúde/Doença no aspecto fisiológico, evidenciando-se as alterações motoras, isto é, o quadro patológico que a própria deficiência apresenta como determinante para as limitações e incapacidades. Já na representação da deficiência no aspecto social, os profissionais afirmaram que o ambiente em que vivem pode influenciar na qualidade de vida. Porém, quando questionados sobre as legislações existentes e adotadas, os profissionais mostraram insegurança, não apresentando embasamentos teóricos suficientes, necessitando de mais informações e conhecimento profissional. Desenvolver uma visão humanizada voltada para os direitos dos seus pacientes na inclusão social e uma perspectiva de futuro promissor é de grande importância para o aprimoramento do senso crítico social do profissional.
18
Weinstein, Philip. "Changing representations of mosquito borne disease risk in Reunion." University of Western Australia. European Languages and Studies Discipline Group. French Studies, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0174.
Full textAbstract:
[Truncated abstract] In March 2005, the Indian Ocean island of Reunion, a former colony and now overseas department of France, saw the first cases of what was to become a massive epidemic of the mosquito borne viral infection Chikungunya. More than 250,000 people, one third of the Island's population, were subject to high fevers, rash, and joint and muscle pains over the next 18 months, yet the public health authorities in metropolitan France were arguably slow to take the epidemic seriously. The research presented here explores attitudes underlying the management of the epidemic by examining both metropolitan and local representations of mosquito borne disease from historical, epidemiological and media perspectives. The research seeks to answer the general question Does colonial history continue to influence the representation and management of mosquito borne disease in Reunion? Three parallel approaches are taken to answering this question, using a common framework of tropicality (a Western discourse that exalts the temperate world over its tropical counterpart, and overlaps with colonialism and orientalism). ... Several factors are likely to have contributed to the persistence of tropicality in public health practice in Reunion: Othering as a universal phenomenon; the cost of administering interventions to combat tropical diseases in the remote environments of French overseas departments and territories; the denial of a serious public health risk as a cultural trait in Reunion; and the significant role of the colonies in forming and maintaining the French national identity. It has to be acknowledged that historically, tropicalism does appear to have played one positive role in the management of mosquito borne disease:
19
Röhss, Gustav, and Míriam Vall. "Low dimensional representations of neuronal activity in Parkinson’s disease." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-280306.
Full textAbstract:
This project has been concerned with developing methods for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction of brain activity in the basal ganglia in parkinsonian brains. Dimensionality reduction of local field potential activity was based on feature vectors produced from the discrete Fourier transform of activity. A heuristic-motivated visualization of these feature vectors using the k-Means algorithm for prediction and classification was used. The feature vectors were also subject to principal component analysis as a further means of feature extraction and analysis. Dimensionality reduction of spiking activity was based on spiking rates, joint rate distributions, serial correlation coefficients, power spectral density, and spectral entropy. The methods for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction developed were used to show similarities in simultaneous brain activity, notable characteristics of brain activity, and notable similarities and differences in the brain activity when comparing activity from different sub-regions of the basal ganglia and when comparing brain activity from different animals. We believe that the methods developed in this project show promise in further research of Parkinson’s disease.Detta projekt har syftat till att utveckla metoder för att minska dimensionalitet och utvinna särdrag från hjärnaktivitet i basala ganglierna i hjärnor med parkinsonism. Klassificering av lokala fältpotentialer baserades på särdragsvektorer producerade från diskret Fouriertransform av aktivitet. En heuristiskt motiverad visualisering av dessa användande k-Means algoritmen för förutsägning och klassificering användes. Dessa särdragsvektorer övervägdes även med principalkomponentanalys för att utvinna ytterligare särdrag samt för analys. Dimensionalitetreduktion av nervimpulser baserades på impulsfrekvens, betingad impulsfrekvensfördelning, seriella korrelations koefficienter, effektspektrum, och spektral entropi. Metoderna som togs fram för särdragsutvinning och klassificering användes för att visa likheter i simultan hjärnaktivitet, viss karakteristik av hjärnaktivitet, och vissa likheter och skillnader i hjärnaktivitet vid jämförelse av aktivitet från olika delar av basala ganglierna och vid jämförande av aktivitet från olika djur. Vi tror att metoderna som har utvecklats i detta projekt visar potential i vidare forskning av Parkinsons sjukdom.
20
MacInnes, J. "Illness representations, treatment beliefs and the relationship to self-care in heart failure." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2011. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/10332/.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the beliefs people with heart failure hold about their illness and its treatment and to determine any relationships between these beliefs and self-care using the Common Sense Model (CSM) of illness cognitions and behaviour as the theoretical framework (Leventhal et al, 1980). Methods Using a mixed methodology (Creswell and Plano Clark, 2007), findings from patient interviews were used to adapt the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) (Moss-Morris et al, 2002) and the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ) (Horne et al, 1999) in order to make them illness-specific. A questionnaire assessing self-care was developed based on the European Heart Failure Self-care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) (Jaarsma et al, 2003), the interview findings and a nominal group technique with specialist heart failure nurses. These questionnaires were used to determine beliefs and the relationship to behaviour in a cross-sectional survey of 169 patients with heart failure. Results A number of statistically significant correlations were found between beliefs and self-care. Most notably, perceived medication knowledge (r = 0.51, p ≤ 0.01), beliefs about the necessity of medication (r = 0.45, p ≤ 0.01) and illness coherence (r = 0.39, p ≤ 0.01). Multiple regression analysis revealed that 46% of the variance in self-care could be explained by illness representations and treatment beliefs (Adj. R2 = 0.46, F = 9.93, p = 0.00). Three factors were significant predictors of self-care - medication knowledge (β = 0.319, p = 0.003), a belief in the illness having serious consequences (β = 0.258, p = 0.008) and the impact of medication use on lifestyle (β = -0.231, p = 0.03). Discussion The exploration of illness representations revealed a realistic picture of heart failure with a cluster of beliefs around a chronic illness with serious consequences and a high number of symptoms. There was a strong belief in the necessity of medication but for some, medication use had a negative impact on daily life. Patients were confident in their knowledge of medication but this was reduced when family members took control of medication management. A number of beliefs were predictive of self-care, suggesting that interventions designed to maximise these beliefs and correct any misconceptions may enhance self-care and potentially improve clinical outcomes in this population.
21
Thomazeau, Romain. "Du sida aux cendres : entre guerre culturelles et guerre biologique : représenter (dans) la crise du sida." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H310/document.
Full textAbstract:
La crise du sida n'est pas derrière nous, même si l'incendie semble éteint, les cendres elles, restent. Premièrement, parce que l'épidémie n'est nullement endiguée, mais aussi parce que nous continuons d'être hantés par les représentations, les discours, les constructions et les significations que cette pandémie transporte avec elle. Le sida est un phénomène complexe, tenter de le comprendre, c'est faire face en premier lieu à des séries de mots, d'images médiatiquement puissantes qui supplantent d'autres réalités. Pour parvenir à percer cette pandémie, il faut pouvoir en étudier tous les aspects, et parmi ces facettes, l'art a joué un rôle prépondérant dans la crise du sida, notamment parce qu'il a été particulièrement utilisé pour signifier une partie de ces autres réalités cachées. Dans ce travail de recherche, quatre axes se sont dessinés qui parcourent un large spectre des questions posées par le sida et ses représentations, autant, que les enjeux d'expositions, de médiatisation, de discursivité ou encore de significations que cette épidémie contemporaine sans précédent a mis en exergue. Le sida a révélé de nombreux problèmes dans nos sociétés occidentales, sans pour autant qu'ils soient aujourd'hui circonscrits. L'art a joué un rôle majeur dans la prise de conscience durant ces trente-cinq dernières années, en produisant des images et des contres-images. L'art a permis de contre-représenter une réalité qui de par nos sociétés de pouvoirs nous était tue, il a donné une voix à ce qui reste toujours une épidémie silencieuse et stigmatisante. Représenter (dans) la crise du sida a donc été et est toujours un combat, si ce n'est une forme de guerre culturelleThe AIDS crisis is not behind us, even if the fire seems to be extinguished, the ashes remain. First, because the epidemic is by no means contained, but also because we continue to be haunted by the representations, discourses, constructions and meanings that this pandemic carries with it. AIDS is a complex phenomenon, trying to understand it, is the deal first with a series of words, images that are media-intensive, which supplant other realities. To achieve to break this pandemic, we must be able to study ail aspects, among these facets, art has played a leading role in the AIDS crisis, especially because it has been particularly used to signify those other hidden realities. ln this research, four axes have emerged that cover a broad spectrum of questions posed by AIDS and its representations, as much as the stakes of exhibitions, media coverage, discursivity or meanings that this unprecedented contemporary epidemic has highlighted. AIDS revealed many problems in our Western societies, without, however, being circumscribed by now. Art has played a major role in raising awareness over the past thirty-five years by making images and counters-images. Art has allowed to counter-represent a realité which through our societies of power, was silent to us, it gave a voice to what always remains a silent and stigmatizing epidemic. Representing (in) the AIDS crisis has therefore been and still is a struggle, if not a form of cultural war
22
Gandhi, Trishna. "The role of illness representations in recovery from cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9637/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis aimed to explore the use of the Common Sense Model (Levanthal, 1980) in cardiovascular populations. The literature review critically evaluates the application of clinical interventions developed using the Common Sense Model (CSM), in a cardiovascular disease population. The research report used a cross-sectional design to investigate the relationship between illness representations using the CSM, coping, and psychological and functional outcomes in a post-stroke population.
23
Snape, Terrie-Anne. "The suffering of others : representations of disease in third world literature /." Title page, table of contents and conclusion only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09ars669.pdf.
Full text
24
Chilcot, J. "Studies of depression and illness representations in end-stage renal disease." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4796.
Full textAbstract:
Depression is a substantial psychopathology encountered in the dialysis population yet its association with potentially modifiable psychological antecedents are not well known. Of these potential antecedents, individual’s perception of their condition are likely to play an important role in how they adjust to their illness (Leventhal, Brissette, & Leventhal, 2003). The Common Sense Model suggests that illness representations guide the self-regulation of illness (Leventhal, Meyer, & Nerenz, 1980; Leventhal, Nerenz, & Steele, 1984). The model posits that the interpretation of illness (illness perceptions) influence the response and procedures adopted in order to regulate the illness threat. The overarching aim of the work here is to examine whether illness perceptions predict depression and its trajectory in End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) patients, and to establish if depression and illness perceptions are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in these patients. In order to achieve these aims it was first important to establish how best to assess depression and illness representations in the context of ESRD. A pilot study investigated whether the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) could be administered to haemodialysis patients (HD) while actively on dialysis. Patients completed the BDI and IPQ-R while on-dialysis and again at a time when off-dialysis (n=40). Level of agreement revealed no discernable difference between BDI and IPQ-R scores across the two conditions, although there was a slight bias with regards to scoring on somatic items of the BDI while on-dialysis. Given these data, on-dialysis assessments were employed in the studies reported. Furthermore the BDI was compared against a diagnostic standard for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in order to define an adjusted BDI cut-off score that would indicate potential depressive cases. The data revealed that a BDI≥16 had optimal sensitivity and specificity for MDD. This cut-off score was employed to define patients with “probable” depression. The factor structure of the BDI was the focus in the following chapter. BDI data from two larger studies (reported later in the thesis) were pooled in order to conduct confirmatory factor analysis, testing several proposed structures of the BDI. The analysis revealed that two and three factor solutions had relatively poor fit to the data. A relatively novel bi-factor model proposed by Ward (2006) had the best fit. In this model there is a general depression factor that loaded onto all of the 21 BDI items, and two smaller orthogonal cognitive and somatic factors. These factors collectively explained 91% of the total variance in BDI-II total scores, suggesting that the BDI provides a good overall measure of global depressive symptoms. The first study to examine the association between illness representations and depression was a cross-sectional study of established HD patients (n=215). Nearly 30% of the sample were depressed (BDI≥16), highlighting the extent of depressive symptoms in this patient group. Significant differences between depressed and non-depressed patients with regards to illness perceptions were evident. In logistic regression illness coherence, perceived consequences and treatment control perceptions predicted depression. Interestingly clinical variables including co-morbidity were unrelated to depression. This suggests that it is not disease severity or extra-renal co-morbidity per se that are vulnerabilities for depression, rather it is the interpretation of the disease that appears to be important. The proceeding chapter extended this cross-sectional investigation by examining the trajectory of depression (i.e. change in depression) over the first year of dialysis therapy in relation to illness representations. An incident cohort of dialysis patients (n=160) were seen at a point soon after dialysis initiation and followed up 6 and 12 months thereafter. In particular, differences between patients who start dialysis via planned route (i.e. those with progressive renal failure who had been “worked-up” to dialysis) vs. those who started dialysis suddenly (unplanned starters) were sought. Unplanned starters were more depressed than the planned patients and held different illness perceptions. Structural equation modelling of the baseline data revealed that illness perceptions predicted depression, and that path to dialysis had an indirect effect on depression as mediated through illness perceptions. Over time, depression and illness perceptions appeared to remain relatively stable although there was some evidence of a non-linear decline in depression scores over the follow-up period. In addition, illness identity decreased over time, while illness coherence (understanding) increased. Clinical and demographic factors were not associated with the trajectory of depression as assessed using Latent Growth Models. However several illness perceptions were associated with a change in depression over time, suggesting that patient’s illness representations assist in the regulation (or under-regulation) of mood. The first of two clinical oriented chapters examined the utility of illness representations in explaining fluid non-adherent behaviour. HD patients were categorised as either fluid adherent or non-adherent based upon Inter-dialytic Weight Gain (IDWG). Patients in the upper quartile of percent weight gain were defined as non-adherent (IDWG≥3.21% dry weight). The data revealed that non-adherent patients had lower timeline perceptions as compared to adherent patients. Logistic regression models were evaluated in order to identify predictors of fluid non-adherence. After several demographic and clinical variables had been controlled, lower consequence perceptions predicted non-adherence. This data points to the utility of understanding dialysis patient’s personal illness representations in relation to maladaptive health care behaviour. Finally, the potential association between depression, illness representations and short term survival in incident dialysis patients was evaluated. Patients were followed up for a mean of 545 (±271) days in which there were 27 deaths (16.9%). Patients were censored if they were lost to follow-up, transplanted or recovered renal function. In Cox survival models after controlling for several co-variates including co-morbidity, depression significantly predicted mortality. Furthermore, survival models including illness perceptions revealed that treatment control perceptions were also predictive of mortality. These results suggest that depression and beliefs surrounding treatment control contribute to the survival of dialysis patients. Possible explanations regarding these associations are presented. In conclusion the empirical investigations offered here support the thesis that illness perceptions predict depression in dialysis patients. Moreover there is evidence that illness representations are associated with maladaptive health behaviour (non-adherence) in dialysis patients. Depression and illness representations also predict short-term survival in incident patients after adjusting for important co-variates. Recent studies have shown that altering maladaptive illness perceptions via psychological intervention can have a positive influence upon outcomes (Petrie, Cameron, Ellis, Buick, & Weinman, 2002). Given the evidence presented in this thesis, testing interventions that target maladaptive illness representations in order to improve clinical and psychological outcomes seem highly relevant in this setting.
25
Healy, Margaret Jane. "Fictions of disease : representations of bodily disorder in early modern writings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349600/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis explores the socio-cultural construction of disease between approximately 1510 and 1620 and pursues a better understanding of political and aesthetic deployments of bodily disorder in the period's writings. It addresses the issue of why the vocabulary of medicine featured so prominently in ostensibly different discourses of the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, and looks closely at the representation of specific diseases--notably bubonic plague and syphilis--within literary genres and traditions in a pre-scientific world. Two initial chapters explore the shifting representations of the disordered humoral body in early modern books of medical regimen and establish corresponding shifts in ideas about regimen in the body politic. This contextualizing approach is used to illuminate the period's literature of "excess" (improper regimen), notably Shakespeare's Richard II (1595). Two subsequent chapters focus on the "plaguy" body and its densely tropological environment. Beginning by examining plague metaphors and their highly-charged deployments in the early Reformation years and subsequently, the thesis proceeds to revaluations of William Bullein's Dialogue against the fever pestilence (1564), and Thomas Dekker's The Wonderfull yeare (1603), Newes from Graves-end (1604), and Worke for Arinorours (1609). These pamphlets are positioned within an English plague-writing tradition, as sophisticated 'Warnings to be ware' which make politically specific points relating to the Reformation and to the plight of London's burgeoning underclass of the poor. The final two chapters centre on the emblematic "pocky" body and its theatrical exploitations. Depictions of the syphilitic in Erasmus's 'Colloquies' are shown to have important shaping effects on subsequent representations. The analysis of dramatic deployments of the Pox in Nice Wanton (1560), Lewis Wager's Marie Magdalene (1567), Dekker's The Honest Whore, I and II (1604 and 1605), and Shakespeare's Measure for Measure (1603) and Pericles (1607), opens a revealing window onto the curious close affinity between the Pox and the Renaissance stage.
26
Watters, Camilla M. "Illness representations, coping and outcome in prostate disease : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31302.
Full textAbstract:
The aims of the study were, to investigate and compare the illness representations of men with prostate cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and to explore their relationship to coping and outcome. The study employed a correlational cross-sectional design. Seventeen men with prostate cancer and nineteen men with BPH completed the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ), COPE short-form and three outcome measures. There were no significant differences between the two groups on any of the measures. With regard to illness representations, both groups saw their condition as chronic, caused by chance, with few consequences and with little chance of cure/control. Perception of a strong illness identity, in the cancer group, was associated with higher levels of depression and symptom score. In the BPH group, identify was associated with a greater perceived intrusiveness of the condition and with less satisfaction. A belief in greater consequences was also related to a perception of greater intrusiveness, by men with BPH. Coping strategies demonstrated only one significant relationship with outcome in each group, with behavioural disengagement and denial being associated with a higher symptom score in the cancer and BPH groups respectively. Regression analyses indicated that overall the illness representation dimensions of identity and consequences were stronger predictors of outcome than coping. Thus these dimensions of illness representations seem to play a role in outcome for both prostate cancer and BPH. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Limitations of the present study are acknowledge and ideas for future research are presented.
27
Fernades, JanaÃna Francisca Pinto. "Sexually Transmissible Diseases - psychosocial analysis of deaf studentsâ representations." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1844.
Full textAbstract:
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThis study approaches deaf peopleâs social representations in the concerning to sexually transmissible diseases, due to the difficulty deafness causes in communication and, consequently, in the acquisition of contents on STD, strengthening susceptibility to such diseases. The research was carried out in a basic education deaf school. It aimed at: learning deaf studentsâ social representations on STD; identifying representations related to information acquirement, ways of STD contamination and prevention; interpreting their own social representations face to others and to themselves. The exploratory study was carried out with stratified sample with students from 6th to 9th grades studying in the three times. To data collection, the researcher used the Word Association Test (WAT), the draw-a-story theme based test survey and reports in field diary. Population consisted of 174 students and the sample of 107. Statiscal Package for Science Program, version 13.0 organized qualitative WAT and survey data. WAT data interpretation was proceeded with correspondence analysis and survey data with content correspondence. Results show that about 50% are male or female, with average age of 21. A little more than a half of them report knowing STD topic, and two are the ways of acquiring such information: alone, through books and magazines, and through other people (friends, neighbors etc) followed by school. Family members reported as responsible for information students highlighted mother, and mother and father together. AIDS is the most known disease, followed by hepatitis B and syphilis. Furthermore, they believe that diseases like dengue, leishmaniasis and yellow fever, that are transmitted by insect bite, are also sexually transmissible. Related to contamination, they have reported genital, oral and anal sex, as well as syringe sharing with drugs use; a significant number of students reported sneezing and cough, mouth kiss and sharing cutlery can improve the risk for STD, because they involve spittle. The primary preventive method students report is condom, and they believe that using condoms is being hygienic. They show to believe that STD have a strong semantic relationship with sex, condom, penis, disease and AIDS, while STD itself is represented by the words/expressions: I donât, condom, cannot date, disease, sick, weak, penis, vagina, mouth (the three latter as both organs from body and sick organs). The expression âI donâtâ shows STD deny for themselves, so it is the otherâs sickness. The study is an evidence for the knowledge that deaf students realize STD in couples and sexual organs, that is, the very sexual act.
Esta pesquisa dedica-se ao estudo das representaÃÃes sociais de surdos com relaÃÃo Ãs doenÃas sexualmente transmissÃveis, visto que a surdez ocasiona dificuldades na comunicaÃÃo e conseqÃentemente na aquisiÃÃo de conteÃdos sobre DST, favorecendo a suscetibilidade a estas doenÃas. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma escola de ensino fundamental para deficientes auditivos. Objetivou-se: apreender as representaÃÃes sociais dos alunos surdos sobre as DST, identificar as representaÃÃes quanto à obtenÃÃo de informaÃÃes, formas de contaminaÃÃo e prevenÃÃo de DST, interpretar suas representaÃÃes sociais ante o outro e a si mesmo. O estudo foi do tipo exploratÃrio, realizado com uma amostra estratificada com alunos do 6 ao 9 ano que estudam nos trÃs perÃodos.Teve como instrumentos para a coleta de dados o Teste de AssociaÃÃo Livre de Palavras (TALP), o questionÃrio o Desenho-EstÃria com Tema (DECT) e registros em diÃrio de campo. A populaÃÃo foi constituÃda por 174 alunos e a amostra igual a 107. A organizaÃÃo dos dados quantitativos do questionÃrio e TALP foi procedida pelo Programa Statiscal Package for Science, versÃo 13.0. A interpretaÃÃo dos dados do TALP foi realizada por anÃlise de correspondÃncia (ANACOR) e a dos dados qualitativos do DECT por anÃlise de conteÃdo. Com relaÃÃo aos resultados, hà aproximadamente 50% de alunos de ambos os sexos, tendo idade mÃdia de 21 anos. Pouco mais da metade informa conhecer o tema DST, tendo duas principais formas de aquisiÃÃo de informaÃÃes: sozinho por meio de livros e revistas e outras pessoas que correspondem a amigos e vizinhos, seguido da escola. Dentre os membros familiares citados como fontes de informaÃÃes, merece destaque a figura da mÃe, seguida de pai e mÃe conjuntamente. A doenÃa mais conhecida pelos surdos, como sendo de transmissÃo sexual, à a aids, seguida da hepatite B e da sÃfilis, contudo acreditam que dengue, leishimaniose e febre amarela, que sÃo patologias transmitidas por picadas de insetos, sejam tambÃm de transmissÃo sexual. Quanto Ãs formas de contaminaÃÃo, assinalaram corretamente, sexo genital, sexo oral, sexo anal e o compartilhamento de seringas no uso de drogas injetÃveis e um nÃmero significativo de alunos assinalou que espirro ou tosse, beijo na boca e compartilhar os mesmos talheres representam formas de aquisiÃÃo DST, tendo nessas formas o envolvimento da saliva, acreditando que esta tambÃm seja uma das formas de transmissÃo de DST. A principal forma de prevenÃÃo das DST, no outro, à o uso de camisinha e em si mesmo à ter higiene com o corpo. Acreditam que DST tem forte relaÃÃo semÃntica com sexo, camisinha, pÃnis, doenÃa e aids, enquanto DST em si mesmo à representada pelas palavras/expressÃes: eu nÃo, camisinha, nÃo pode namorar, doenÃa, doente, fraco, pÃnis, vagina, boca; apresentando-se os trÃs Ãltimos ora no sentido de ÃrgÃos do corpo, ora como ÃrgÃos doentes. A expressÃo âeu nÃoâ revela a negaÃÃo de DST para si mesmo, sendo, portanto, a doenÃa do outro. Por meio da anÃlise dos DECT, percebe-se que os surdos objetivam seus conhecimentos sobre DST na figura de casais e ÃrgÃos sexuais, ou seja, a relaÃÃo sexual propriamente dita.
28
Ruda, Santolaria María Lourdes. "Child representations of disease according to age, educational level and socioeconomic status." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/102479.
Full textAbstract:
The study explores child representations on the identity and origin of disease according to age, educational level and socioeconomic status. Ninety children were assessed using the Child Disease Representations Interview (CDRI) inspired in seven cards graphically representing the usual treatment of children with cancer. Results show that the same element of reality can be conceptualized in multiple ways and that smaller children tend to appeal to non-serious diseases whereas older children refer to more serious ones. Children represent the disease consistently with what child development literature has depicted. Within the lower socioeconomic level, there is a delay in the access to certain concepts, which is rectified at later stages.Se exploran las representaciones infantiles sobre la identidad y origen de la enfermedad según edad, grado de instrucción y nivel socioeconómico. Se evaluó a 90 niños con la Entrevista sobre Representaciones Infantiles Acerca de la Enfermedad (E-RIE), inspirada en siete láminas que grafican el tratamiento característico de un niño con cáncer. Los resultados muestran que un mismo elemento de realidad puede ser conceptualizado de maneras diversas, y que los más pequeños tienden a apelar a enfermedades de baja gravedad, mientras los mayores aluden mayoritariamente a enfermedades graves. La manera de representarse la enfermedad guarda consistencia con lo descrito por la literatura en términos de secuencia de desarrollo, aunque se observan variaciones en cuanto al momento del logro o la renuncia al uso de categorías de etapas previas. En el nivel socioeconómico bajo se evidencia retraso en el acceso a algunos conceptos, que parecen subsanarse posteriormente.
29
Berger, Jessica. "Disease Representations in Late Modernity: Lung Cancer Stories in the Canadian Print Media." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23307.
Full textAbstract:
The following thesis describes and analyses the representation of lung cancer in the Canadian print media. The thesis employs a theoretical framework comprised of Giddens’ theory of reflexivity and Goffman’s theory of framing, to understand the social dynamics of negotiation behind the disease’s portrayal in the media, in a late modern context. Late modernity was defined by institutional reflexivity and a focus on understanding and mitigating risk. The research was conducted through a content analysis and examined quantitative trends that contributed to a subsequent qualitative interpretation. The results show that the coverage of lung cancer decreased over time. The analysis shows a discourse of a biomedical institution that has unsuccessfully controlled the disease, a lack of patient advocacy, particularly among celebrities, and a continued conflation of smoking behaviour and lung cancer, all of which contributed to the decreasing coverage. The framing processes point to a society focused on understanding risk through studying the disease’s causes, as well as one concerned with legislative debate and behavioural prevention. The emergence of a frame focused on the patient’s lived experience might contribute to an improved representation of the disease.
30
Vickery, Eileen Frances. "Disease and the dilemmas of identity : representations of women in modern Chinese literature /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3120629.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 162-169). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
31
ROCHA, MARCIO NUNES DA. "THE SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS OF AIDS: THE MEANING OF FAMILY TO CONFRONT THE DISEASE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=11586@1.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo pretende através de um processo
reflexivo, investigar
o significado da família para as pessoas que têm HIV/Aids.
Neste sentido, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa qualitativa,
buscando encontrar nas
representações sociais dos sujeitos envolvidos, o
significado da família para o
enfrentamento da doença.
Analisando as representações sociais dos participantes da
pesquisa, apreendemos
que as relações familiares podem ser significativas para
os
portadores do vírus
HIV, pois notamos que a produção de laços afetivos e de
apoio é fundamental
para o fortalecimento das pessoas infectadas.This study aims through a reflective process, investigate the significance of the family for people who have HIV / AIDS. In this sense, has been created qualitative research, seeking find in the social representations of the subjects involved, the meaning of the family for the confrontation of the disease. Analyzing the social representations of the participants of the research, we understand that family relationships can be significant for carriers of the HIV virus, because we noticed that the production of affective ties and support is essential for the strengthening of those infected.
32
Susin, Cristiano. "Periodontal diseases in a representative urban population in south Brazil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/6687.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Aims: There is little information about the epidemiology and risk factors of periodontal diseases in Latin America in general, and Brazil in particular. The principal aims of this study were to: 1) describe the prevalence and severity of periodontal attachment loss and gingival recession, and to assess the contribution of demographic, behavioral, and environmental exposures to the occurrence of periodontal disease outcomes in a sample representative of the urban population in the state of Rio Grande do Sul in south Brazil; and 2) report the epidemiology and risk indicators of aggressive periodontitis in this population. Methods: A representative sample consisting of 1,586 subjects 14-103 years of age (mean 38 y) and comprising 45.3% males and 54.7% females was selected using a multi-stage, probability, cluster sampling strategy. The subjects were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and underwent a full-mouth, six sites per tooth clinical examination in a mobile examination center. Results: Moderate and severe clinical attachment loss and gingival recession were widespread among adults in this population. The prevalence and extent of attachment loss ³5 and ³7 mm were 79% and 52% subjects, and 36% and 16% teeth; and for gingival recession ³3 mm and ³5 mm were 52% and 22% subjects, and 17% and 6% teeth, respectively. Aggressive periodontitis was diagnosed in 5.5% of subjects, which is significantly higher than the reported prevalence in most other populations. Among the main risk indicators for chronic as well as aggressive destructive periodontal diseases were: older age, low socioeconomic status, dental calculus, and smoking. Cigarette smoking accounted for an important part of periodontal disease burden, particularly in adults, and should be considered an important target in any prevention strategy aimed at reducing the burden of periodontal diseases. Partial recording methods consistently underestimated the prevalence of attachment loss in the population, and the extent of underestimation was dependent on the type of system used and the threshold of attachment loss. Conclusions: Destructive periodontal diseases are prevalent in this Brazilian population. Suitable disease prevention and health promotion programs should be established to improve the periodontal health in this population.
33
Pisciotta, Maura Kathleen. "Gendering Gardasil: Framing Gender and Sexuality in Media Representations of the HPV Vaccine." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/807.
Full textAbstract:
In an age of biomedicine, technologies, drugs, and treatments are expanding in new and diverse ways. Especially relevant to biomedicalization and this research is how such information is conveyed to the public through the media. Medical information is omnipresent in the media through direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising and regular coverage of health topics in the news. The accessibility and proliferation of medical information provides an important opportunity to examine the ways in which these topics are framed in the media. This research specifically examines the framing of the HPV vaccine, Gardasil in the mass media. In this study, I explore how Gardasil was framed, how gender and sexuality were utilized within such frames, and what groups influenced these frames. I employ frame analysis to examine the presentation of Gardasil in the mass media. Due to the vaccine's intricate connection to gender and sexuality, I examine how these dimensions are utilized and reproduced in such frames. Gardasil was originally approved only for women, making gender a salient aspect of the vaccine. The current body of research examining Gardasil in the media presents data from the time the vaccine was only available to women. Now that the HPV vaccine is approved for men, this research seeks to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of how Gardasil was framed in the media now that it is available to men and women. And given that Gardasil prevents a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in men and women, it is uniquely tied to issues of sexuality. To analyze Gardasil in the media, I examine newspaper articles, magazine articles, and media representations from stakeholder groups, including DTC advertising, official statements, and group websites. Analysis of key sources indicates that Merck dominated the framing of the vaccine in DTC advertisements and the news media, illustrating the power of the pharmaceutical industry. Findings indicate that the initial marketing of Gardasil constructed the vaccine as uniquely tied to femininity and later, women's empowerment. However, once the drug was approved for men, messages were reframed to appeal to a wider audience. Overall, the media continued to frame the vaccine specifically for women, further constructing HPV as a "woman's disease." The dominant focus on women concomitantly silenced the sexual health of men and sexual minorities. In conclusion, the marketing, discourse, and structural elements of Gardasil make it less accessible to those most in need, therefore contributing to the ongoing problem of cervical cancer and HPV.
34
Timberlake, Natalie. "Ethnic differences in illness representations, coping and adjustment in people with coronary heart disease." Thesis, Open University, 1999. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54374/.
Full textAbstract:
Background and Aims: There have been few studies examining ethnic differences in people's illness representations. The aim of this research was to explore the relationship between ethnicity and illness representations, coping, perceived health status and psychological adjustment in participants with coronary heart disease (CHD).Furthermore, within a Punjabi group, it aimed to explore the relationship between these variables and acculturation, as well as the relationship between illness representations, coping and adjustment. Design and Participants: The study was cross-sectional employing a between and within group design incorporating comparative and correlational analyses. The sample included 47 Punjabi participants and 44 Caucasian participants with diagnosed CHD,recruited from a cardiology clinic and a Gurdwara (Sikh temple). Measures: Variables were measured using a range of quantitative questionnaires, which were translated into Punjabi. Results: Ethnic differences were found in participants' illness representations and in particular causal beliefs. Only one coping strategy was significantly different between the two groups and there were no differences on perceived health status measures or in anxiety levels. However, the Punjabi group were significantly more depressed. Within the Punjabi group,acculturation was found to be associated with illness representations, coping and physical functioning. Illness representations were associated with adjustment measures, however there were few associations between illness representations and coping, and between coping and adjustment. Overall, ethnicity did not account for any of the variance in perceived physical functioning or anxiety levels, but accounted for 11 percent of the variance in depression levels. Illness representations were more important than ethnicity and coping in accounting for the variance in perceived physical functioning and psychological adjustment. Implications The results are discussed in terms of the self-regulatory model and future research is suggested. Clinical implications for the undertaking of culturally sensitive work with Punjabi clients with CHD, are discussed.
35
Piercy, Hilary Clare. "Cloaked representations of a cloaked disease : individualised experiences of dealing with genital chlamydial infection." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15055/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to explore the impact of chlamydial infection from the perspective of the individual. One-off, unstructured interviews were conducted, either in the Genitourinary Medicine or the Family Planning Clinic, with 50 individuals (40 females and 10 males) who had contracted this sexually transmitted infection (STI). A grounded theory approach was used. STI's have long since been associated with moral reprobation and social sanctioning, particularly in relation to females. They are diseases that other people get, associated with specific types and behaviours. This legacy has shaped their institutional management and it largely determined the individual and interpersonal responses of the study participants. However this effect was modified by the specific location of chlamydia within the hierarchy of STI's where ranking occurs primarily on the basis of curability and visibility. In these terms chlamydia was classed as a 'little' infection. On an individual level, diagnosis of infection was strongly associated with a sense of discordance and a spoiled identity, commonly expressed as feelings of dirt and contamination. Some felt a need to feel clean following infection; the test of cure fulfilled this function marking the transition from liminality. Intentions to prevent reinfection centred on routine or relationship based strategies. Long term concerns were limited to possible female infertility. On an interpersonal level, information control decisions were influenced by fear of disapproval and potential threat to social reputation. Notification of sexual partners, which is necessary to prevent re-infection of self and infection of others, was fraught with anxieties. lt created opportunities for moral positioning and was associated with accusations of culpability and intent. The health interface influenced responses to infection. The female experience commonly included management in primary care which was associated with insensitive management and inadequate information. The GUM clinic produced anxieties concerning usage but attendance was associated with confidence in contained and comprehensive infection management. These findings are discussed in relation to policies and practices that focus disproportionately upon women, particularly the chlamydia screening programme.
36
McIver, Ruth. "Illness representations and psychological adjustment in people with end-stage renal disease on dialysis." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431405.
Full text
37
Alemagna, Leslie. "L'appel à l'art et la culture comme médiation pour une transformation des regards sur les personnes atteintes de maladie d'Alzheimer : étude psychodynamique des enjeux de rencontre entre malades et familles au sein de quatre EHPAD." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE2181/document.
Full textAbstract:
Le point nodal de cette recherche porte sur le changement de regard sur la maladie d'Alzheimer et les troubles apparentés. Ce travail de thèse interroge alors le regard porté, à différents niveaux (sociétal, familial et singulier) sur la démence et sur ce que cela engendre sur les personnes qui en sont atteintes et sur son entourage. Nous amènerons ainsi notre réflexion sur les moyens qui pourraient être mis en place pour permettre une modification des représentations portées sur la vie psychique de la personne malade. Le concept de handicap de Wood et la Classification Internationale de Fonctionnement sont des référentiels sur lesquels nous allons nous appuyer comme modèles de compréhension des situations de handicap en s'intéressant tout particulièrement à la question du désavantage sociale. Nous interrogerons alors les effets des regards sur la personne Alzheimer nous conduisant à la question de l'intersubjectivité, c'est-à-dire des enjeux correspondant aux modes d'Alzheimer. Il convient alors de faire un inventaire de ce qui habite, trahi, infléchi le regard dans sa réciprocité et d'identifier tout ce qui caractérise ce regard. Nous faisons ainsi l'hypothèse d'un appel à l'art comme vecteur de changement de regard. L'objectif sera alors d'étudier comment l'art thérapie peut produire autre chose que ce qui fait désavantage. En effet, l'art fait appel à la créativité, il s'agit donc d'une production de la vie psychique. Cela engendre des émotions qui sont brutes, non représentables mettant en exergue ce qui constitue le coeur même de l'identité du sujet. Nous travaillerons sur les articulations entre les incapacités et les désavantages sociaux dans le but de rechercher et d'identifier de nouvelles compétences que les personnes âgées construisent dans leurs situations de malades AlzheimerAging in our current society, in which death is constantly pushed backwards, places the elderly at risk of exclusion from the social sphere. "Aging young": here is the paradox we are facing every day. The way society views the elderly, especially those suffering from Alzheimer's disease, is pejorative, referring to dependence, decline and decay. Alzheimer's disease is often defined as “severing of connections” , often seen as an impediment to communication and relationships, especially with family members. " An individual is a social being" says Norbert Elias, sociologist. So taking into consideration the stigmatization of Alzheimer disease and the social representation that family members may have, it becomes possible to develop tools that would allow a different type of bond in the future. After several months of immersion, observations and meetings in different EHPAD, this study offers an approach to transform and build an alternative outlook on people suffering from Alzheimer's disease through an introduction to artistic and cultural measures
38
Gross, Carla Quartiero. "Percepção sobre a doença renal crônica, estratégias de enfrentamento e adesão ao tratamento em pacientes em hemodiálise." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2012. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/4306.
Full textAbstract:
Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-08T00:02:10Z
No. of bitstreams: 1
CarlaGross.pdf: 1470768 bytes, checksum: 68e5843c4e0bac8fa3dd308f573bb27f (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T00:02:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlaGross.pdf: 1470768 bytes, checksum: 68e5843c4e0bac8fa3dd308f573bb27f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012
Nenhuma
Esta dissertação é composta por dois artigos, o primeiro é uma revisão sistemática da literatura e o outro é um artigo empírico. O foco de investigação foi a percepção sobre a doença renal crônica, as estratégias de enfrentamento e a adesão em pacientes em hemodiálise. No estudo I, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura internacional em relação à percepção sobre a doença e a doença renal crônica em pacientes em hemodiálise no período de 2001-2012, nas bases de dados Academic Search Premier e Medline with Full Text. Encontrou-se 17 artigos de delineamento quantitativo, que foram publicados em diferentes revistas da área da saúde e por diferentes profissionais. Os resultados apontam que o conceito de percepção sobre a doença é útil para compreensão do impacto da DRC e do tratamento em HD para a qualidade de vida desses pacientes. A percepção negativa da doença foi relacionada à não-adesão ao tratamento recomendado e tiveram relação com comportamentos de autocuidado, sintomas de depressão, qualidade de vida, mortalidade e sobrevida, e na adesão ao tratamento à Medicina Complementar e Alternativa - CAM, e às percepções negativas na não-adesão ao tratamento desses pacientes. O IPQ-R é o instrumento mais utilizado e útil para avaliar as percepções sobre a doença. Já no estudo 2, o objetivo foi investigar a relação entre as percepções sobre a doença renal crônica, as estratégias de enfrentamento e a adesão ao tratamento em pacientes em HD, e o possível poder preditivo das percepções sobre a doença e do enfrentamento para a adesão ao tratamento em hemodiálise. Participaram do referido estudo 70 pacientes adultos em tratamento hemodialítico na região do Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul. Os instrumentos utilizados foram o questionário de dados sociodemográficos, ficha de dados clínicos e avaliação da adesão, questionário de percepção sobre a doença – Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R), e o questionário de estratégias de enfrentamento - Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP). Algumas dimensões da percepção da doença correlacionaram-se positivamente com algumas dimensões do enfrentamento: duração cíclica da doença e as dimensões do enfrentamento paliativo, distração e preocupações emocionais; consequências da doença e enfrentamento das preocupações emocionais; controle do tratamento e enfrentamento paliativo e instrumental; percepção emocional e enfrentamento das preocupações emocionais; e por fim, a dimensão coerência da doença correlacionou-se negativamente com o enfrentamento instrumental. As dimensões de identidade, duração cíclica e consequências da doença correlacionaram-se negativamente com a adesão percebida pelas enfermeiras, enquanto os níveis de potássio também tiveram correlação negativa com a dimensão relativa às consequências da doença. A análise preditiva mostrou que apenas a dimensão referente às consequências foi preditora da adesão percebida pelas enfermeiras (8,6% da sua variância) e dos níveis de potássio (6,7% da variância). Conclui-se que a percepção sobre as consequências da doença é uma dimensão importante de ser avaliada nos pacientes em hemodiálise para prever possíveis problemas de adesão ao tratamento. Entende-se, também, que estes resultados poderão contribuir para um melhor atendimento a esses pacientes.
This dissertation comprises two articles. First one is a systematic literature review, whereas the second is an empyrical article. The investigation focuses on chronic kidney disease perception, coping strategies and adherence in hemodialysis patients. In Study I, a systematic review of international literature on illness perception and chronic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients in the period 2001-2012 was carried out. It was done on the databases Academic Search Premier and Medline with Full Text. 17 articles were found on quantitative delineation, which were published in different health magazines by various professionals. Results indicate that the concept of illness perception is useful to understand the impact of CKD and HD treatment on these patients' quality of life. Negative perception of the disease was associated with non-adherence with the recommended treatment and was related to self care behaviour, depression symptoms, quality of life, mortality and extended survival. Negative perception was also associated with adherence with treatment by Complimentary and Alternative Medicine - CAM, and with the negative perceptions in these patients' non-adherence with the treatment. The IPQ-R is the most used and useful tool to evaluate illness perception. In study 2, the objective was to investigate the relation between chronic kidney disease perception, coping strategies and adherence with treatment in HD patients, and the possible predictive power of illness perception and coping to adherence with hemodialysis treatment. 70 adult patients in hemodialytic treatment on the North Coast of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul took part in study 2. The instruments used were the sociodemographic data questionnaire, medical chart and adherence evaluation, the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) and the coping strategies questionnaire - Coping with Health Injuries and Problems (CHIP). Some illness perception dimensions were positively correlated to some coping dimensions: cyclic illness duration and palliative coping dimensions, distraction and emotional worry; illness consequences and emotional worry coping; treatment control and instrumental and paliative coping; emotional perception and emotional worry coping; and last, the dimension illness coherence was negatively correlated to instrumental coping. The dimensions identity, cyclic duration and illness consequences were negatively correlated to perceived compliance by nurses, whereas potassium levels also were negatively correlated to the illness consequences dimension. Predictive analysis showed that only the dimension related to the consequences was predictive of the adherence perceived by nurses (8,6% of its variance) and the potassium levels (6,7% of the variance). In conclusion, the perception of the illness consequences is an important dimension to be evaluated in hemodialysis patients in order to predict possible problems on treatment adherence. The results can also contribute for a better approach to these patients.
39
Phillips, Deborah Anne. "Illness representations and informational expectations of patients and their carers in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31179.
Full textAbstract:
Surveys of disclosure of a dementia diagnosis illustrate low rates of telling across different professional groups. The reluctance of carers to disclose the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease suggests that they may hold different and more catastrophic views of the disease than the patients themselves. The aim of this study was to investigate the cognitive and emotional mechanisms (illness representations) by which patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and their carers conceptualise their understanding of the disease. A cross-sectional study design was adopted which employed both correlational and comparative analyses. Twenty people with Alzheimer's disease and twenty carers completed semi-structured interviews to gather responses to the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ) and Geriatric Depression Rating Scale (GDS). Qualitative data was gathered regarding opinions relating to disclosure of dementia diagnosis. Comparison of patient's illness representations with those of other broadly comparable medical conditions found significance dependent on illness representation dimension and disease group. Patient's illness representations showed some significant associations between sub-scales. No associations between illness representation variables were found for carers. Carers' belief in more negative consequences was associated with high levels of depression attributed to the patient. No association between illness representation and depression variables was found for patients. Significant differences in illness representation and depression variables were found between patient and carer groups with carers attributing more severe symptomology, chronic time course and negative consequences to Alzheimer's than patients. The clinical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed. Limitations of the present study are acknowledged and ideas for future research are presented.
40
Arôca, Sandra Regina Soares. "Qualidade de vida: comparação entre o impacto de ter transtorno mental comum e a representação do sofrimento dos nervos em mulheres." reponame:Repositório Institucional da FIOCRUZ, 2009. https://www.arca.fiocruz.br/handle/icict/2305.
Full textAbstract:
Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:36:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Previous issue date: 2009RESUMO: Estudos no Brasil relatam alta prevalência do diagnóstico de Transtorno Mental Comum (TMC) nas unidades básicas de saúde, e sua associação com o gênero feminino. O continuum de sintomas dos TMC (quadros depressivos, ansiosos, somáticos e dissociativos) guarda relação com as queixas inespecíficas da popular Doença dos Nervos por esta também apresentar sintomatologia comórbida, além de abranger um espectro genérico de mal-estar psíquico percebido subjetivamente. Apesar do sofrimento dos nervos ser uma avaliação pessoal do próprio estado de saúde (illness), e não uma classificação médica (disease), sua associação com os TMC remete a comprometimentos na esfera psíquica, funcional e na qualidade de vida de quem sofre. OBJETIVO: Conhecer as prevalências dos TMC e da representação do sofrimento dos nervos em 5 unidades do Programa de Saúde da Família (PSF) no município de Petrópolis-RJ; analisar as associações existentes entre ter TMC (considerando também sua intensidade), perceber-se portadora de sofrimento mental(considerando sua duração), e comparar seus impactos sobre os domínios de Qualidade de Vida (QV) estudados; verificar a associação da co-existência de ter TMC grave e ser sofredora crônica dos nervos com QV; verificar a associação de fatores sócio-demográficos e econômicos com TMC, sofrer dos nervos e QV; analisar a associação de rede de apoio social e empoderamento feminino com ter TMC, sofrer dos nervos e QV. METODOLOGIA: Foram avaliadas 969 mulheres atendidas em 2006 em 5 unidades de PSF, durante 1 mês, no município de Petrópolis. A prevalência geral dos TMC foi aferida pelo General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12), usando-se os pontos de corte 2/3 para os quadros leves, e 4/5 para os graves. A intensidade dos transtornos foi medida pelo GHQ contínuo. A percepção do adoecimento agudo e crônico dos nervos foi aferida através de 2 perguntas isoladas quanto à duração do sofrimento. Os dados sócio-demográficos foram coletados por um questionário geral. A mensuração dos níveis de QV em cada domínio foi feita pelo WHOQOLBref. A análise dos fatores associados a QV foi realizada através da regressão linear múltipla modelo stepwise-backward no programa SPSS. RESULTADOS: (...)
Studies in Brazil report a high prevalence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD)diagnosis in primary cares and its association with the female gender. CMD’s continuum of symptoms (depressive, anxious, somatic and dissociative frameworks) resembles unspecific complaints of the commonly known “Nervous Illness”. Its comorbid symptomathologies contain a generic spectrum of a subjectively perceived ill-being of the psyche. Despite “suffering of the nerves” being a personal evaluation of one owns state of health (illness) and not a medical classification (disease), its association with CMD entails distress in the psychic and functional spheres as well as the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Objective: To determine the prevalence of both CMD and “Nervous Illness” in 5 units of the Family Health Programme (FHP) in the municipality of Petropolis-RJ; to analyse possible associations between having CMD (taking the intensity of it into consideration) and self-perceived “Nervous Illness” (taking the duration of the illness into consideration), and to compare the impact of both on the studied range of quality of life (QL) estimators; to verify the interaction between having a grave form of CMD and suffering from chronic “Nervous Illness”; to verify the association between socio-demographic and economic factors with CMD, Nervous Illness and QL; analyse the association between female empowerment and the existence of a social protection network with CMD, Nervous Illness and QL. Methodology: During the year of 2006, 969 women were analysed in 5 units of the FHP in the municipality of Petropolis-RJ for one month. The general prevalence of CMD was determined using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ12), with cutting points of 2/3 for light cases and 4/5 for the grave cases. The intensity of the disorder was measured by a continuous GHQ. The perception of acute and chronic “Nervous Illness” was inferred using 2 questions isolated in accordance with the duration of the illness. The socio-demographic data was collected via a general questionnaire. Measurements of QL levels, for each range, were done using WHOQOL-Bref. The analyses of factors associated with QL was done using a multiple linear regression, step-wise backward model, in SPSS.Results: Verified mean prevalence of: 61.7% for CMD; 44.6% for grave CMD; mean intensity of the disorder of 31.0, 47.5% for perceived acute “Nervous Illness”; 24.6% of perceived chronic “Nervous Illness”; and a 16.1% interaction between having a grave CMD and suffering from chronic “Nervous Illness”. Statistically significant association between having CMD, suffering from “Nervous Illness” and QL were shown, with each affecting differently the studied ranges. Grave CMD damaged QL the most, with the psychological range suffering the worst effects ( = -13.4; = 65.7) Followed by perceived acute Nervous Illness, specially in the health satisfaction range ( = -9.1; = 77.0). The interaction between grave CMD and chronic Nervous Illness, has shown a strong adverse impact on the physical range ( = -13.1; = 79.2) although it only ranked third on general negative impact on QL. Amongst the socio-demographic variables that show significant associations with QL were personal income ( = 1,9; = 79,2 in the physical range); head of family and education ( = 2,5 e = 3,9, respectively; = 79,2 in the health satisfaction range), demonstrating therefore the positive impact of female empowerment. Household income, civil status and principally religious frequency ( = 4.6; = 77.0 in the health satisfaction range) increased QL levels, by exerting the supportive effects of the social protection network.Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of grave CMD and perception of acute nervous illness amongst female participants of the FHP. Although the presence of CMD has the worst impact on QL, QL is too diminished by perception of Nervous Illness. Female empowerment and social protection networks have a positive effect on QL. Such results emphasize a need to consider subjective interpretations of self-well-being and not only diagnostic criteria when approaching health issues. Only in this way answers that are capable of contemplating a more comprehensive concept of health as quality of life, can be offered.
41
Kahindo, Senge Muvingi Christian. "Analyse automatique de l’écriture manuscrite sur tablette pour la détection et le suivi thérapeutique de personnes présentant des pathologies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLL016/document.
Full textAbstract:
Nous présentons dans cette thèse un nouveau paradigme pour caractériser la maladie d’Alzheimer à travers l’écriture manuscrite acquise sur tablette graphique. L’état de l’art est dominé par des méthodes qui supposent un comportement unique ou homogène au sein de chaque profil cognitif. Ces travaux exploitent des paramètres cinématiques globaux, sur lesquels ils appliquent des tests statistiques ou des algorithmes de classification pour discriminer les différents profils cognitifs (les patients Alzheimer, les troubles cognitifs légers (« Mild Cognitive impairment » : MCI) et les sujets Contrôle (HC)). Notre travail aborde ces deux limites de la littérature de la façon suivante : premièrement au lieu de considérer un comportement homogène au sein de chaque profil cognitif ou classe (HC, MCI, ES-AD : « Early-Stage Alzheimer Disease »), nous nous sommes affranchis de cette hypothèse (ou contrainte) forte de la littérature. Nous considérons qu’il peut y avoir plusieurs comportements au sein de chaque profil cognitif. Ainsi, nous proposons un apprentissage semi-supervisé pour trouver des groupes homogènes de sujets et analysons l’information contenue dans ces clusters ou groupes sur les profils cognitifs. Deuxièmement, au lieu d’exploiter les paramètres cinématiques globaux (ex : vitesse moyenne, pression moyenne, etc.), nous avons défini deux paramétrisations ou codages : une paramétrisation semi-globale, puis locale en modélisant la dynamique complète de chaque paramètre. L’un de nos résultats importants met en évidence deux clusters majeurs qui sont découverts, l’un dominé par les sujets HC et MCI et l’autre par les MCI et ES-AD, révélant ainsi que les patients atteints de MCI ont une motricité fine qui est proche soit des sujets HC, soit des patients ES-AD. Notre travail montre également que la vitesse prise localement regroupe un ensemble riche des caractéristiques telles que la taille, l’inclinaison, la fluidité et la régularité, et révèle comment ces paramètres spatiotemporels peuvent conjointement caractériser les profils cognitifsWe present, in this thesis, a novel paradigm for assessing Alzheimer’s disease by analyzing impairment of handwriting (HW) on tablets, a challenging problem that is still in its infancy. The state of the art is dominated by methods that assume a unique behavioral trend for each cognitive profile, and that extract global kinematic parameters, assessed by standard statistical tests or classification models, for discriminating the neuropathological disorders (Alzheimer’s (AD), Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI)) from Healthy Controls (HC). Our work tackles these two major limitations as follows. First, instead of considering a unique behavioral pattern for each cognitive profile, we relax this heavy constraint by allowing the emergence of multimodal behavioral patterns. We achieve this by performing semi-supervised learning to uncover homogeneous clusters of subjects, and then we analyze how much information these clusters carry on the cognitive profiles. Second, instead of relying on global kinematic parameters, mostly consisting of their average, we refine the encoding either by a semi-global parameterization, or by modeling the full dynamics of each parameter, harnessing thereby the rich temporal information inherently characterizing online HW. Thanks to our modeling, we obtain new findings that are the first of their kind on this research field. A striking finding is revealed: two major clusters are unveiled, one dominated by HC and MCI subjects, and one by MCI and ES-AD, thus revealing that MCI patients have fine motor skills leaning towards either HC’s or ES-AD’s. This thesis introduces also a new finding from HW trajectories that uncovers a rich set of features simultaneously like the full velocity profile, size and slant, fluidity, and shakiness, and reveals, in a naturally explainable way, how these HW features conjointly characterize, with fine and subtle details, the cognitive profiles
42
Hemphill, Rachel C. "Illness beliefs, gender, and disease management among couples coping with type 2 diabetes." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1285009166.
Full text
43
Boukilinam, Kawaka Têtouhêwa. "Notion d'empêchement ou d'enfermement psychique des personnes touchées par un trouble mental en post-hospitalisation au Togo." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC025.
Full textAbstract:
La présente étude exploratoire a porté sur la notion d’empêchement ou d’enfermement psychique des personnes touchées par un trouble mental en posthospitalisation.Objectif : Explorer à travers la description des facteurs socioculturels responsables de l’effondrement ou de blessures narcissiques. Déterminer les indices d’angoisse, indices de Barrière et Pénétration de la variable de Fischer et Cleveland, et la nature des conflits intra et inter psychique, cause de l’empêchement.Méthode : il s’agit d’une étude transversale exploratoire, réalisé au Togo, auprès de vingt personnes, soignées pour souffrance psychique dont nous présentons six illustrations clinique. Du point de vue méthodologique nous avons utilisé l’entretien clinique directif et l’observation directe couplée de l’épreuve projective de Rorschach et d’un « dessin libre de la ligne de vie ».Résultat : La totalité des patients croient que leur souffrance est d’origine mystique. Le trouble est par conséquent perçu comme une attaque pouvant venir de l’extérieure notamment de : la société, la famille, l’être suprême, des fétiches ou encore des esprits intermédiaires. Malgré l’amendement total des signes cliniques de la maladie, le Moi est encore « verrouillé » par le vécu et la représentation. Les indices d’angoisse sont élevés. Les indicateurs de barrière /pénétration témoignent, soit de la porosité de l’image du Moi-corps, c’est-à-dire la fragilité des enveloppes psychiques ; Soit de sa solidité, et servirait de membrane de séparation et d’isolement contre la menace de démantèlement narcissique.Conclusion : L’enfermement psychique ou l’empêchement est largement influencé par les facteurs environnementaux d’ordre socioculturelsThis exploratory study has focused on the concept of impediment or psychic confinement of people affected by a mental disorder in post-hospitalization.Objective: Explore through the description of the socio-cultural factors responsible for collapse or narcissistic injuries. Determine the indices of anxiety, indices of barriers and penetration of the variable of Fischer and Cleveland, and the nature of the intra and inter psychic conflicts, cause of the impediment.Method: this is an exploratory cross-sectional study, carried out in Togo, with twenty subjects, treated for mental suffering of which we present six clinical illustrations. From a methodological point of view, we used the directive clinical interview and the direct observation coupled with the Rorschach projective test and a "free drawing of the lifeline".Result: All of the patients believe that their suffering is of mystical origin. The disorder is therefore perceived as an attack which can come from the outside, in particular from: society, the family, the supreme being, fetishes or even intermediate spirits. Despite the total improvement of the clinical signs of the disease, the ego is still "locked" by experience and representation. The anxiety indices are high. The barrier / penetration indicators testify either to the porosity of the ego-body image, that is to say the fragility of the psychic envelopes; Either of its solidity, and would serve as a separation and isolation membrane against the threat of narcissistic dismantling.Conclusion: Psychic confinement or impediment is largely influenced by environmental factors of a socio-cultural nature
44
Cunningham, Margaret. "Psychological factors associated with walking in patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3040.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives This thesis aimed to explore psychological factors associated with walking behaviour in patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease, within the framework of Leventhal et al’s (1998) Common-sense Model of Self-regulation of Health and Illness. The objective was to identify psychological factors which could be modified to increase walking behaviour in these patients. Method A series of three studies were conducted to achieve these aims. The first study was an exploratory qualitative study, to explore the illness and treatment beliefs and walking behaviour of patients with intermittent claudication. The second study was a cross-sectional postal questionnaire to a cohort of patients with intermittent claudication, which tested the influence of the psychological factors identified in the qualitative study, in a larger sample. The final study was a randomised controlled trial of a brief psychological intervention designed to modify the illness and walking beliefs of patients with intermittent claudication, in order to increase walking behaviour. Results Beliefs about intermittent claudication, and beliefs about walking were both found to be associated with walking behaviour in the qualitative study. The results from the cross-sectional postal questionnaire confirmed this relationship – taken as a set, illness and walking beliefs accurately predicted adherence to minimum walking levels for 93.4% of the sample. The brief psychological intervention successfully modified illness and treatment beliefs and increased walking behaviour in patients newly diagnosed with intermittent claudication. Conclusion This thesis highlights the importance of illness and walking beliefs to the walking behaviour of patients with intermittent claudication. The thesis has added to the body of knowledge about intermittent claudication, and the findings of this thesis have implications for the treatment of patients with intermittent claudication within the health service. Theoretical and clinical implications of this research are discussed.
45
Wilkinson, Robert. "Stochastic models for the spread of infectious diseases on finite contact networks : exact results and representations." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2015. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2014701/.
Full textAbstract:
Mathematical models for the spread of infectious diseases between living organisms are crucial to humanity's endeavour to understand and control its environment. The threat posed by communicable diseases is great. For example, the 1918 flu pandemic resulted in the deaths of over 50 million people and the HIV/AIDS pandemic is still under way with 2.3 million new cases in 2012. Mathematical models allow us to make predictions about the likelihood, impact and time scale of possible epidemics, and to devise effective intervention programmes, e.g. mass vaccination. This thesis considers various stochastic models of disease propagation which utilise the concept of a finite contact (social) network. For such models, we investigate ways in which important information can be extracted without a full mathematical `solution' (often unavailable) or numerous time consuming simulations (often inefficient and uninformative). For example, we consider the probability that a large scale outbreak will occur when a single infected individual is introduced to a susceptible population, and the expected number of infected individuals at time t. Although we focus on the context of epidemiology, the models under investigation are elementary and will be applicable to other domains, such as the spread of computer viruses, the spread of ideas, chemical reactions, and interacting particle systems.
46
Beka, Sylvia Enobong. "The genomics of Type 1 Diabetes susceptibility regions and effect of regulatory SNPs." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17200.
Full textAbstract:
Human complex diseases, like Diabetes and Cancer, affect many people worldwide today. Despite existing knowledge, many of these diseases are still not preventable. Complex diseases are known to be caused by a combination of genetic factors, as well as environmental and life style factors. The scope of this investigation covered the genomics of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D). There are 49 human genomic regions that are known to carry markers (disease-associated single nucleotide mutations) for T1D, and these were extensively studied in this research. The aim was to find out in how far this disease may be caused by problems in gene regulation rather than in gene coding. For this, the genetic factors associated with T1D, including the single point mutations and susceptibility regions, were characterised on the basis of their genomic attributes. Furthermore, mutations that occur in binding sites for transcription factors were analysed for change in the conspicuousness of their binding region, caused by allele substitution. This is called SNP (Single nucleotide polymorphism) sensitivity. From this study, it was found that the markers for T1D are mostly non-coding SNPs that occur in introns and non-coding gene transcripts, these are structures known to be involved in gene regulatory activity. It was also discovered that the T1D susceptibility regions contain an abundance of intronic, non-coding transcript and regulatory nucleotides, and that they can be split into three distinct groups on the basis of their structural and functional genomic contents. Finally, using an algorithm designed for this study, thirty-seven SNPs that change the representation of their surrounding region were identified. These regulatory mutations are non-associated T1D-SNPs that are mostly characterised by Cytosine to Thymine (C-T) transition mutations. They were found to be closer in average distance to the disease-associated SNPs than other SNPs in binding sites, and also to occur frequently in the binding motifs for the USF (Upstream stimulatory factor) protein family which is linked to problems in Type 2 diabetes.
47
Ceroni, Samuele. "Time-evolving knowledge graphs based on Poirot: dynamic representation of patients' voices." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23095/.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays people are spending more and more time online: this is a permanent change that leads to a huge amount of diversified data like never before which needs to be managed to extrapolate knowledge from it.
This also involves social media which produces free textual information very difficult to process, but occasionally very useful. For instance, in the field of rare diseases, our specific testing context could lead to the possibility to organize the voice of patients and of caregivers, difficult to gather otherwise.
People who are affected by a rare disease often strive to find enough information about it. Indeed, not much material is available online and the number of doctors qualified for those specific diseases is quite limited. Social networks become then the best place to exchange ideas and opinions. The main difficulty in finding useful information on social networks though is that text gets lost quickly and it's not straightforward to give a semantic structure to it and dynamically evolve this representation over time.
In literature, there are some techniques that manage to transform unstructured data into useful information, extracting them using artificial intelligence. These techniques are often well expressive and are able to precisely convert data into knowledge, but they are not directly connected to text sources nor to a system that stores and allows to update the extrapolated information. Consequently, they are not well automated in incrementally keeping information up-to-date as new text is provided, resulting in the need for a mechanical process to do it.
The contribution proposed in this thesis focuses on how to use these technologies to maintain information in order over time, enhancing their usability and freshness.
It consists of a system that connects the text source providers to the built knowledge graph, which contains the knowledge acquired and updated.
48
Leahy, Ryan. "Decreased Hospitalizations for RSV Infection in Children with Congenital Heart Disease: Analysis of a Nationally Representative Sample in the Palivizumab Era." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1314722275.
Full text
49
Alencar, Olga Maria de. "A mancha visÃvel e o nervo sentido - representaÃÃo social da hansenÃase para agentes comunitÃrios de saÃde de municÃpios do norte e nordeste do Brasil." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7809.
Full textAbstract:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgicoâA mancha visÃvel e o nervo sentidoâ - representaÃÃo social da hansenÃase para agentes comunitÃrios de saÃde objetiva compreender as representaÃÃes sociais sobre a hansenÃase/lepra na prÃtica discursiva das/dos Agentes ComunitÃrios de SaÃde (ACS), identificando crenÃas, valores e tabus que possam estar imbricados no trabalho. Por ser a hansenÃase uma doenÃa mÃtica e estigmatizada, envolta de saberes e prÃticas construÃdas historicamente, acreditamos que as prÃticas da/do ACS tÃm representaÃÃes que, sÃo incorporadas ao seu trabalho. Contextualizamos a evoluÃÃo sÃcio-histÃrica do adoecimento, bem como a elaboraÃÃo ideolÃgica presente no imaginÃrio coletivo dos ACS. Com suporte nos conceitos de ideologia, discurso e poder, verificamos como as representaÃÃes sociais que os sujeitos da pesquisa tÃm acerca da hansenÃase afetam a sua vida. Duas questÃes nortearam este estudo: que representaÃÃes sociais as/os ACS tÃm sobre a hansenÃase/ lepra? E como estas representaÃÃes se imbricam em seu trabalho? Participaram 91 ACS que atuam na EstratÃgia SaÃde da FamÃlia dos MunicÃpios de SÃo Josà de Ribamar (MA), Paragominas (PA), AraguaÃna (TO) e Floriano (PI). A metodologia consistiu na anÃlise temÃtica. Utilizamos a tÃcnica do grupo focal. Do material produzido em campo, estabelecemos o corpus empÃrico, de onde emergiram as categorias/temas (conceitos-imagens). Em cada tema foram divisadas as subcategorias, que se denominou Unidade Representacional (UR). Os conceitos-imagens emergidos foram: 1) lepra X hansenÃase - significados e sentidos; 2) Estigma - a marca do preconceito e da discriminaÃÃo nas prÃticas discursivas; 3) MicropolÃtica na produÃÃo de cuidado a pessoa com hansenÃase; 4) Envolvimento das famÃlias no processo de cuidado; 5) Vivendo/convivendo com a hansenÃase. A pesquisa revelou, dentre outras representaÃÃes, que as/os ACS acreditam na existÃncia de alimentos âreimososâ. Evidenciou-se, tambÃm, culpabilizaÃÃo, do uso de Ãlcool como determinante para o prolongamento da terapia. Constatamos que a lepra e a hansenÃase nÃo se configuram como sinÃnimos, mas sim como duas entidades distintas. Ao termo lepra, cabe o sentido de medo, vergonha e exclusÃo, enquanto hansenÃase adquire o sentido de doenÃa curÃvel. Evidenciamos nos discursos preconceito e prÃticas discriminatÃrias vivenciadas pelas pessoas com hansenÃase, configurando-se em legitimaÃÃo do estigma.
50
Naqvi, Habib. "Coronary heart disease : Lay representations of genetics, genetic testing and the decision to pursue predictive genetic testing amongst South Asians." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522563.
Full text