Academic literature on the topic 'Disease-Specific Symptoms'
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Journal articles on the topic "Disease-Specific Symptoms"
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Dissanayaka, Nadeeka N. W., John D. O'Sullivan, Nancy A. Pachana, Rodney Marsh, Peter A. Silburn, Elizabeth X. White, Elizabeth Torbey, George D. Mellick, David A. Copland, and Gerard J. Byrne. "Disease-specific anxiety symptomatology in Parkinson's disease." International Psychogeriatrics 28, no. 7 (February 10, 2016): 1153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215002410.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Symptoms of anxiety relating to Parkinson's disease (PD) occur commonly and include symptomatology associated with motor disability and complications arising from PD medication. However, there have been relatively few attempts to profile such disease-specific anxiety symptoms in PD. Consequently, anxiety in PD is underdiagnosed and undertreated. The present study characterizes PD-related anxiety symptoms to assist with the more accurate assessment and treatment of anxiety in PD.Methods:Ninety non-demented PD patients underwent a semi-structured diagnostic assessment targeting anxiety symptoms using relevant sections of the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-plus). In addition, they were assessed for the presence of 30 PD-related anxiety symptoms derived from the literature, the clinical experience of an expert panel and the PD Anxiety-Motor Complications Questionnaire (PDAMCQ). The onset of anxiety in relation to the diagnosis of PD was determined.Results:Frequent (>25%) PD-specific anxiety symptoms included distress, worry, fear, agitation, embarrassment, and social withdrawal due to motor symptoms and PD medication complications, and were experienced more commonly in patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for an anxiety disorder. The onset of common anxiety disorders was observed equally before and after a diagnosis of PD. Patients in a residual group of Anxiety Not Otherwise Specified had an onset of anxiety after a diagnosis of PD.Conclusion:Careful characterization of PD-specific anxiety symptomatology provides a basis for conceptualizing anxiety and assists with the development of a new PD-specific measure to accurately assess anxiety in PD.
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Pavlik, E., C. DeSimone, R. Miller, I. Podzielinski, J. Ubellacker, S. Goodrich, F. Ueland, L. Seamon, R. Kryscio, and J. van Nagell. "Women without ovarian cancer reporting disease-specific symptoms." Gynecologic Oncology 120 (March 2011): S80—S81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2010.12.192.
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Krause, Ivonne, Simone Kern, Antje Horntrich, and Tjalf Ziemssen. "Employment status in multiple sclerosis: impact of disease-specific and non-disease-specific factors." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 19, no. 13 (May 1, 2013): 1792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1352458513485655.
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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with high rates of early retirement (ER). Objectives: A German cohort of MS patients and healthy control subjects (HCs) were compared cross-sectionally to investigate disease- and non-disease-specific factors that are associated with employment status (ES) in MS and to identify predictors of ES in MS. Methods: A total of 39 ER MS patients, 48 employed MS patients, and 37 HCs completed a brief neuropsychological battery and questionnaires related to depressive symptoms, fatigue, health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and health locus of control (HLC). Neurological disability was assessed by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC). Results: ER compared with employed MS patients scored significantly higher in neurological disability, depressive symptoms and fatigue and significantly lower in cognitive functioning and HrQoL. Further, both groups differed with regard to age, education, disease course and duration but not in HLC. Neurological disability, age and fatigue were identified as significant predictors of ES in MS. Conclusions: ES in MS was associated with demographic aspects, neurological and cognitive status, depressive symptoms, fatigue and HrQoL but was not associated with HLC. Findings confirm neurological disability, age and fatigue as independent predictors of ES in MS.
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Steiger, Malcolm, Sui Wong, Joanne Crossley, Nick Fletcher, Gus Baker, and Udo Wieshmann. "ARE THERE NON–MOTOR SYMPTOMS SPECIFIC TO PARKINSON'S DISEASE?" Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 84, no. 11 (October 9, 2013): e2.75-e2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2013-306573.166.
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Portillo, Carmen J., William L. Holzemer, and Fang-Yu Chou. "HIV Symptoms." Annual Review of Nursing Research 25, no. 1 (January 2007): 259–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0739-6686.25.1.259.
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People with HIV/AIDS are a vulnerable group whose symptoms can seriously affect their quality of life. HIV/AIDS symptoms can result from the disease itself, from secondary complications of the disease, or from side-effects of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and other medications related to comorbidities. HIV symptoms are the single most important indicators for patients and practitioners. Symptoms prompt patients to seek medical attention and provide health care providers with essential clues about changes in health status and quality of life. Despite increased recognition of the importance of addressing symptoms among people with HIV/AIDS, few studies have examined the management of HIV symptoms. This chapter introduces HIV symptoms, reports on the methods of review, provides an overview of contextual issues including the literature on symptoms, issues related to symptom measures, theoretical foundations on symptom management, HIV-specific measures, non-HIV-specific measures, translation of findings into practice, and implications for future research and policy.
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Van der Velden, SK, NH Shadid, PJ Nelemans, and A. Sommer. "How specific are venous symptoms for diagnosis of chronic venous disease?" Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 29, no. 9 (January 3, 2014): 580–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355513515859.
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Objective The objective of this study is to evaluate whether and which ‘venous’ symptoms are characteristic for patients affected with chronic venous disease compared to patients with other diseases of the lower limbs (e.g. arthrosis, peripheral arterial disease, spinal disc herniation). Methods A cross-sectional study was performed to compare the frequency of venous symptoms among 76 patients with chronic venous disease and reflux and 74 patients with other diseases of the legs without reflux. The VEINES-Sym of the VEINES-QOL/Sym questionnaire was used to evaluate the frequency of symptoms. Demographic, clinical classification and ultrasound findings were also noted. Results A total of 122 patients were included for analysis (response rate of 87%). Presence of venous symptoms was slightly more often reported in the chronic venous disease group than in the non-chronic venous disease group, but differences were small and statistically non-significant. Severity of chronic venous disease as classified by the CEAP classification was not associated with higher proportions of patients reporting symptoms than in non-chronic venous disease patients, except for swelling ( p = .016) and itching ( p = .007) in C3-C6 patients. The largest difference between the chronic venous disease and non-chronic venous disease group was observed for the time of the day at which symptoms were most intense; patients with chronic venous disease were more likely to experience symptoms at the end of the day ( p < .001). Conclusions The small differences in prevalence of reported ‘venous’ symptoms between chronic venous disease patients and patients with other diseases of the legs suggest that these symptoms may be less specific for patients with chronic venous disease and refluxing veins than is usually assumed.
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Luo, Fangfang, and Xu Luo. "Intelligent Disease Prediagnosis Only Based on Symptoms." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2021 (July 31, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9963576.
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People often concern the relationships between symptoms and diseases when seeking medical advices. In this paper, medical data are divided into three copies, records related to main disease categories, records related to subclass disease types, and records of specific diseases firstly; then two disease recognition methods only based on symptoms for the main disease category identification, subclass disease type identification, and specific disease identification are given. In the methods, a neural network and a support vector machine (SVM) algorithms are adopted, respectively. In the method validation part, accuracy of the two diagnosis methods is tested and compared. Results show that automatic disease prediction only based on symptoms is possible for intelligent medical triage and common disease diagnosis.
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Vermeiren, Yannick, Debby Van Dam, Tony Aerts, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, and Peter P. De Deyn. "Brain Region-Specific Monoaminergic Correlates of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Alzheimer's Disease." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 41, no. 3 (July 16, 2014): 819–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-140309.
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Kimball, A., M. Sundaram, A. Mathias, C. Foley, and A. Shields. "Measuring Disease specific impact and symptoms among patients with Hidradenitis Suppurativa." Value in Health 18, no. 3 (May 2015): A183—A184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2015.03.1061.
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Prabhu, R., G. Rodrigues, Y. S. Sarma, and R. Benakatti. "Non-pancreatic retroperitoneal pseudocyst: a benign disease with non-specific symptoms." Case Reports 2013, jul02 1 (July 2, 2013): bcr2013200184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2013-200184.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Disease-Specific Symptoms"
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Vaughn, Boyd Aaron. "The Predictive Ability of Specific Questions Related to Symptoms in the Diagnosis of Endodontic Disease." VCU Scholars Compass, 2005. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/1304.
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The purpose of this study was to test the predictive ability of specific questions in diagnosis of pulpal and periradicular disease in a dental school population. 210 patients were recruited to fill out a questionnaire, and undergo a clinical examination for pulpal and/or periradicular disease.The Questionnaire asked if the patient had in the last 6 months: 1. a toothache that kept them up at night 2. a toothache that required pain killers 3. facial swelling caused by a tooth 4. injury to any teeth 5. a broken tooth 6. a tooth darker in color than the surrounding teeth 7. a bump, pimple, or boil on the gums. 8. a toothache after eating or drinking something hot or cold 9. repeated sharp pain in the same area while chewing 10. A toothache or facial swelling that caused them to visit an emergency room.Examiners were blinded to the responses on the questionnaire and then, based on the clinical examination and testing, determined the presence or absence of endodontic disease. The data was analyzed using univariate logistic regression models.Results: The most predictive questions were #1 and #2 (p-value Conclusion: Patients with pain that wakes them at night or that requires analgesics were greater than 3 times more likely to have endodontic disease at the time of examination.
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Nakatani, Eiji. "Specific clinical signs and symptoms are predictive of clinical course in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/217720.
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Baiamonte, Brandon A. "The effects of Rhes, a striatal specific protein, on the expression of behavioral and neuropathological symptoms in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2012. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1424.
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Huntington's disease (HD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by choreiform movement of the limbs, cognitive disability, psychosis and dementia. It is untreatable, incurable, and ultimately fatal. HD is invariably associated with an abnormally long CAG expansion within the IT15 gene on human chromosome 4. Although the mutant huntingtin protein (mHtt) is ubiquitously expressed in HD patients, cellular degeneration occurs only in neurons within the striatum and cerebral cortex. The Ras homolog Rhes is expressed very selectively in the precise brain areas affected by HD. Recent work using cultured cells suggests that Rhes may be a co-factor with mHtt in cell death. However, there is controversy as to whether cell death underlies the symptoms of HD. We used a validated transgenic mouse model of HD crossed with Rhes knockout mice to show that the behavioral symptoms of HD are regulated by Rhes. HD/Rhes-/- mice showed greatly delayed expression of HD-like symptoms in this in vivo model. Drugs that block or inhibit the actions of Rhes may be useful as the first treatments for HD.
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Marklund-Bau, Helén. "Sleep and quality of life in men with lower urinary tract symptoms : and their partners." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Hälsouniversitetet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15946.
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Aims: The overall aim was to determine how lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction (BPO) affect sleep, health related quality of life and disease specific quality of life, and how the men’s urinary symptoms affect their partners. Subjects and methods: In papers I–II, a descriptive design with a pre-test and post-test was used and in papers III-IV the design was descriptive and comparative. The method was self-administered questionnaires. In papers I- II: The questionnaires were translated in the ethnographic mode. In paper I the reliability of the questionnaire was tested in 122 patients with LUTS/ BPO. The disease specific quality of life was studied before and after intervention in 572 consecutive patients with BPO, aged 45-94 yrs. In paper II, the partner specific quality of life was studied in partners to men with BPO before and after TURP. The reliability and the responsiveness of the questionnaire were tested in two groups with 51 partners each. Papers III-IV: A study of 239 men with LUTS, aged 45-80 yrs, and their partners (n=126) who were compared to randomly selected men from the population (n=213) and their partners (n=131). The men had an extra control group, men with inguinal hernia (n=200). Sleep and health related quality of life was studied in both men and their partners. The partners’ specific quality of life was also studied and the men with LUTS answered questions about urinary symptoms and disease specific quality of life. Results: Papers I-II: All the tested questionnaires showed an acceptable reliability and responsiveness. I: Before and after intervention the prevalence of urinary incontinence was 46 % and 16 % respectively. II: Partners were affected by the patients’ BPO symptoms before and improved after the patients TURPs. III: Most sleep variables were significantly impaired in men with LUTS compared to one or both of the control groups. The men with LUTS had a significantly higher prevalence of insomnia (40 %) than both control groups and significantly lower sleep efficiency (49 %) than men with hernia. The men with LUTS were significantly impaired in most domains of the health related quality of life compared to men in the population. IV: There were no significant differences between the two partner groups regarding the quantity and quality of sleep or the health related quality of life. Conclusions: All tested questionnaires showed an acceptable reliability and responsiveness. The prevalence of urinary incontinence before and after intervention was higher than earlier reported. Men with LUTS had significantly poorer sleep quality, reduced sleep efficiency and a higher prevalence of insomnia than men in the population and men with inguinal hernia. The HRQOL is impaired in men with LUTS compared to men in the population and men with inguinal hernia. Partners are affected by the patients’ symptoms, and it is emotional rather than practical aspects that affect them most. Partners of men with LUTS did not differ significantly from partners in the population with regard to sleep and health related quality of life.
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Walfridsson, Ulla. "Assessing Symptom Burden and Health-Related Quality of Life in patients living with arrhythmia and ASTA : Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Omvårdnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71873.
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Background: Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) can be negatively affected in patients living with arrhythmias and many patients experience a pronounced symptom burden. The arrhythmia can cause both uncertainty and limitations, including interference with work, reluctance to perform and plan for leisure activities and leading to self-imposed restrictions in daily life situations. There are patients striving to find strategies to manage the arrhythmia and for some this can become the focus in their lives. Treatment options are often a choice between pharmaceuticals and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) where RFA is an option for many arrhythmia-patients to be cured. In the care of arrhythmia-patients it is of great importance to combine objective examinations with patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to achieve patient’s own experiences of treatment efficacy and arrhythmias interference in daily life situations. Aims: The overall aims of this thesis were to assess symptom burden and HRQOL in patients with arrhythmias and to develop and validate an arrhythmia-specific questionnaire, suitable for most arrhythmia-patients. Design and Methods: Studies I and II were single-centre studies including patients referred for RFA, with two different arrhythmia diagnoses. Assessments of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) concerning HRQOL were performed using two questionnaires, SF-36 and EQ-5D (I-II). Further, patients were asked some disease-specific questions (I). Study I describes assessments before the RFA treatment and Study II the follow-up assessments at three and twelve months after RFA. Patients’ scoring of HRQOL was compared to age and gender matched reference groups before and after RFA (I-II). Studies III and IV describe the development and validation of a disease-specific questionnaire ASTA (Arrhythmia-Specific questionnaire in Tachycardia and Arrhythmia) assessing symptom burden and HRQOL. Studies III and IV were multicentre studies. Patients planned for DC-conversion, AF patients seeking emergency care and those with different forms of arrhythmias referred for RFA were included. Results: Patients scored significantly lower HRQOL in seven of SF-36’s eight scales compared to the age and gender matched reference groups before RFA treatment. Frequent arrhythmia attacks had a great negative impact on HRQOL, and female gender and older age were factors contributing to worse HRQOL (I). Treatment with RFA restored the patients’ HRQOL. Most positive effects were seen at three months follow-up. One year after treatment patients and the matched reference group scored their HRQOL to a similar level, assessed with SF-36 and EQ-5D index (II). The validated ASTA questionnaire was found to have good psychometric properties. Construct validity was confirmed with sufficient levels of item-total correlations in the ASTA symptom burden scale and HRQOL scales. The dimensionality of the ASTA HRQOL scale was established with confirmatory factor analysis, supporting a physical and a mental subscale. The internal consistency, demonstrated with Cronbach’s alpha (α), was satisfactory for the ASTA symptom burden scale and the ASTA HRQOL scales, varying from α 0.79 to α 0.91 (III-IV). Conclusions and clinical implications: The studies in this thesis confirmed how negatively affected the arrhythmia-patients can be with a pronounced symptom burden and impaired HRQOL. Treatment with RFA was demonstrated to restore the patients HRQOL to an equal level of that of the matched reference group. PROs are important to take into consideration in the care of arrhythmia-patients, to achieve the patients’ subjective experiences of their daily life situation. To the best of our knowledge ASTA is the first arrhythmia-specific questionnaire assessing symptom burden and HRQOL, suitable for most arrhythmia forms. The newly validated ASTA questionnaire can be an important contribution to assessment of PROs in arrhythmia-patients.
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Wu, Ya-Ying, and 吳亞縈. "Specific Phenotype and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Biomarkers Studies of Alzheimer’s Disease." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79093718225716359994.
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碩士國立陽明大學
腦科學研究所
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Background Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has a long preclinical phase decades before the onset of clinical dementia. Apolipoprotein ε4 (APOE4) poses the major genetic risk factor to sporadic AD. Analyses on biomarkers let us understand the pathophysiology of AD and improve diagnostic accuracy. Less than 2% of AD is inherited by an autosomal dominant manner, and most of these patients are associated with presenilin 1 (PSEN1) gene mutations. This thesis explored the genetic and fluid biomarkers for sporadic and familial AD. Methods For analysis on familial AD, we demonstrated a family with a rapid deterioration course and seizure with histopathological confirmation of AD. Depression and disinhibition followed by aggression were found in the proband. For analyses on sporadic type, patients with age older than 50 years and being diagnosed as AD were included to the disease group. We evaluated the relationship among potential blood and CSF biomarkers, cognitive status, neuropsychiatric symptoms, temporal lobe atrophy, EEG markers and disease severity. APOE genotypes were determined. Results G206D mutations in PSEN1 gene were found in two index familial AD cases. NPI score was 96 for the proband after only 2 years of progressive cognitive decline. For sporadic AD study, 42 subjects were enrolled in the disease group and 40 subjects in normal control group. The majority (88.9%) of subjects in the disease group were in mild stage. The Neuropsychology Battery developed by Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) score reflects changes in temporal lobe atrophy. Elevated levels of plasma Aβ(1-x), Aβ42, IL-6 and decreased levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) in the disease group were noted compared to control group. Plasma levels of IL-6 and TRAIL were significantly correlated with each of their CSF levels. In addition, plasma Aβ42 and TRAIL correlate with specific EEG markers. Sleep disturbance was the most common neuropsychiatric symptom among subjects in the disease group and plasma Aβ(1-x) of these subjects elevated compared to those who had no sleep problems. Conclusions We reported rapid cognitive decline with seizure and severe neuropsychiatric symptoms as phenotype of the G206D PSEN1 mutation. Plasma Aβ(1-x), Aβ42, IL-6, and TRAIL are identified as biomarkers of sporadic AD at early stage. Specific changes of plasma biomarkers may indirectly influence specific EEG markers. Patients having higher plasma Aβ(1-x) carry higher risk of having sleep problems, which is the most prevalent neuropsychiatric symptom in early stage of AD.
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Vaughan-Dark, Chelsea Ann. "Disease-Specific Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151130.
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This study assesses generic and disease-specific Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) in children and adolescents with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). More specifically, the purpose of the study is to address the relationship between disease- specific indicators, both on a symptom-by-symptom basis and as a whole, to overall HRQOL. Self- and proxy-report versions of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ (PedsQL™) Generic Core Scales and the newly developed Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory™ Gastrointestinal Symptoms Module were administered to 187 parent-child dyads at ten study sites across the United States. Disease-specific indicators included: stomach pain, stomach upset, trouble swallowing, heartburn and reflux, gas and bloating, constipation, and diarrhea. It was hypothesized that caregiver- and child-reported disease-specific HRQOL would be positively correlated with generic HRQOL, and that physical disease-specific indicators would contribute the greatest variance in total generic HRQOL scores, for both self and proxy report.
Results confirmed the hypothesis that disease-specific HRQOL would be positively correlated with generic HRQOL for children and caregivers. Multivariate regression results revealed that the Stomach Pain and Hurt, Worry, Medicines, and Communication scales contributed the most variance to overall HRQOL scores for children. The same analysis performed for parent ratings yielded one statistically significant scale: Worry. In essence, intervention efforts aimed at reducing the influence of worry and anxiety may prove more effective in improving HRQOL outcomes than interventions targeting reduction of physical symptoms.
Books on the topic "Disease-Specific Symptoms"
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Murtagh, Fliss E. M. End-stage kidney disease. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0156.
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End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) accounts for 1-2% of all deaths. Ageing populations means that this proportion will grow steadily over the coming years. Symptom burden in ESKD exceeds advanced cancer, with added renal-specific symptoms, such as itch and restless legs. Pain and depression are also more prevalent. Many renal symptoms go under-recognized and under-treated, especially as they arise from co-morbid conditions, rather than the renal disease itself. The most useful intervention to address symptoms is regular assessment of symptoms, using a valid and reliable global symptom score. Pharmacological interventions to alleviate symptoms need to take account of the severe constraints on using renally cleared drugs, and the high risk of toxicity from accumulation of parent compound or metabolites. The population with ESKD has extensive palliative care needs, and need significant medical, nursing, psychological, and social care to address these as their illness advances towards the end of life.
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Brouwers, Martijn C. G. J. Approach to the Patient with General Symptoms. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199972135.003.0073.
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Fatigue and fever of unknown origin are frequently encountered symptoms at the general internal medicine outpatient clinic. Careful history taking and physical examination are essential in the detection of an inherited metabolic disease, since biomarkers, such as plasma lactate and creatine kinase levels, have low positive predictive values. Absence of any specific symptom or sign of an inherited metabolic disease do not advocate additional investigations.
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Keshav, Satish, and Alexandra Kent. Alcoholic liver disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0211.
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Alcoholic liver disease develops in excessive drinkers and can manifest in three forms: alcoholic fatty liver (steatosis; >80%), alcoholic hepatitis (10%–35%), and cirrhosis (10%). The more alcohol consumed, the greater the risk of alcoholic liver disease, although other factors may also be involved. Alcohol can cause significant damage without producing any symptoms, and many patients will only have liver dysfunction detected on routine blood tests. Many patients report non-specific symptoms, such as anorexia, morning nausea, diarrhoea, and vague right upper quadrant abdominal pain. The underlying pathogenesis of alcohol-induced injury is not fully understood but is thought to involve various mechanisms. This chapter discusses alcoholic liver disease, focusing on its etiology, symptoms, demographics, natural history, complications, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
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Wijdicks, Eelco F. M., and Sarah L. Clark. Treatment of Brain Injury-Associated Symptoms and Signs. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190684747.003.0019.
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Acute neurologic disease results in a myriad of minor and major symptoms, some of which are partly specific to the nature of the illness. Symptom relief for acutely ill neurologic patients requires medication orders. Treatment of these symptoms is not without adverse effects, and regular use of opioids to treat severe headaches may very often lead to opioid-induced constipation, which may progress to adynamic ileus. This chapter focuses on, nausea and vomiting, hiccups, secretion control, constipation, fever and shivering, and rhabdomyolysis. Large volumes of emesis or secretions can easily cause aspiration and mucus plugging of large bronchial branches. Drug regimens are discussed in detail.
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Chan, Kin-Sang, Doris M. W. Tse, and Michael M. K. Sham. Dyspnoea and other respiratory symptoms in palliative care. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199656097.003.0082.
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Dyspnoea is prevalent among palliative care patients with increased severity over time. There are two patterns of dyspnoea-breakthrough dyspnoea and constant dyspnoea-and three separate qualities of dyspnoea-air hunger, work or effort, and tightness. The measurement of dyspnoea includes three domains: sensory-perceptual experience, affective distress, and symptom impact. The management of dyspnoea includes specific disease management, non-pharmacological intervention, pharmacological treatment, and palliative non-invasive ventilation. Cough is prevalent and disturbing in patients with cancer and chronic lung diseases, and is often associated with airway hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance. Management includes specific treatments for underlying non-cancer and cancer-related causes, symptomatic treatment by antitussives, mucoactive agents, and airway clearance techniques for expectoration and reduction in mucus production. Anticholinergics may be indicated for death rattles to facilitate a peaceful death. Haemoptysis occurs in 30-60% of lung cancer patients and initial management of haemoptysis includes airway protection and volume resuscitation. Localization of the site and source of bleeding may determine the choice of treatment. If a life-threatening haemoptysis occurs, sedation should be given as soon as possible. Support should be given to the family, and debriefing provided to team members.
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Venuto, Charles S., and Karl Kieburtz. Huntington Disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0008.
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The clinical management of Huntington’s disease entails pharmacologic interventions and nonpharmacologic supportive therapy. There are no treatments that can halt or alter the progression of disease, therefore the goal is to maximize function and optimize quality of life. Tetrabenazine is the only pharmacologic agent with regulatory approval for Huntington’s disease chorea; however, off-label use of antidopaminergic agents is common. Treatment of behavioral disturbances can be tailored to the specific symptoms by using antidepressant, antipsychotic, and anxiolytic agents. Clinical trials testing therapeutic strategies for motor, behavioral, and cognitive aspects of disease and delaying progression are ongoing.
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Kipps, Christopher, and John Hodges. Clinical cognitive assessment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199644957.003.0010.
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Cognitive symptoms arise from the location of brain dysfunction and are not linked directly to any particular pathology. In the early stages of disease, symptoms may be non-specific, and while certain symptom clusters are commonly seen in particular disorders, atypical presentations are not infrequent. For example, in Alzheimer’s disease, patients may present with a focal language syndrome instead of the more commonly appreciated autobiographical memory disturbance despite identical pathology. In our approach to the cognitive assessment, we maintain a symptom oriented approach. This facilitates the localisation of pathology and subsequent clinical diagnosis, which may then be supplemented by associated neurological signs, imaging or other investigations.
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Chneiweiss, Hervé. Anticipating a therapeutically elusive neurodegenerative condition: Ethical considerations for the preclinical detection of Alzheimer’s disease. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786832.003.0016.
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Among neurodegenerative disorders, Alzheimer’s disease has held a special position during the last 40 years. It represents a huge burden of disease with more than 40 million people affected worldwide. The economic effect it has on society is enormous, and the specific challenges of dementia are tremendous. Now that science has demonstrated that the disease starts two or three decades before any symptoms occur, possibilities exist for diagnosis or testing increasingly early through the capabilities of predictive medicine. The related ethical debate is on the multiple meanings and the impact of preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease before the onset of symptoms. To guide this discussion, this chapter draws upon lessons from other fields of medicine and the identification of high-risk individuals bearing pathogenic genetic mutations that predispose them to the disease. It concludes with thoughts on value and choice in the complex, fine balance between anticipating, knowing, and doing.
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Unger, Philippe, and Gerald Maurer. Heart valve disease: mixed valve disease, multiple valve disease, and others. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0039.
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Multiple and mixed heart valve disease are highly prevalent. Echocardiography is the cornerstone technique for imaging these patients. As with patients with single-valve stenosis or regurgitation, one should aim to evaluate the aetiology, the mechanism(s) of dysfunction, as well as the consequences and the possibility of repair. There are, however, specific issues, which include the followings: (1) the lack of published data; (2) most indices of valvular regurgitation and of stenosis severity have been validated in patients with single-valve/single-lesion disease; and (3) the haemodynamic interactions that may affect the severity and the diagnosis of these lesions. A global assessment of the consequences of the lesions is of the utmost importance in the decision-making process: whereas only severe regurgitation or stenosis is usually considered for surgery by current guidelines in a single-valve lesion, the combination of two or more less-than-severe lesions causing symptoms, left ventricular dysfunction, and/or pulmonary pressure increase may warrant surgery. This chapter focuses on the echocardiographic assessment of these sometimes complex lesions, emphasizing some pitfalls and tips to take into account when managing these patients.
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Sutor, Bruce. Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0603.
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An understanding of psychiatric illness is critical to the practice of internal medicine. Since 30% to 40% of ambulatory primary care visits have a psychiatric component to the chief complaint, successful disease management often hinges on successful treatment of comorbid psychiatric illness. A comprehensive psychiatric evaluation is essential because many psychiatric symptoms are nonspecific. This situation is analogous to a patient presenting in general internal medicine with fever or nausea. The presence of a single symptom (eg, depressed mood) is never pathognomonic for a specific disorder. For patients with psychiatric symptoms, the biopsychosocial model is widely used. With this approach, the biologic, psychologic, and social factors contributing to the patient's clinical presentation are evaluated. Some psychiatric symptoms indicate severe disease, whereas others may be less problematic and may not be clinically relevant.
Book chapters on the topic "Disease-Specific Symptoms"
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Lorenzi, Paolo, Rosario Rao, Giulio Romano, Ardian Kita, Martin Serpa, Federico Filesi, Matteo Bologna, Antonello Suppa, Alfredo Berardelli, and Fernanda Irrera. "Using Neural Networks for the Recognition of Specific Motion Symptoms of the Parkinson’s Disease." In Advances in Neural Networks, 123–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33747-0_12.
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Brooks, David J. "Functional imaging of Parkinson’s disease: is it possible to detect brain areas for specific symptoms?" In Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa, 139–53. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6360-3_8.
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Jellinger, K. A. "Post mortem studies in Parkinson’s disease — is it possible to detect brain areas for specific symptoms?" In Journal of Neural Transmission. Supplementa, 1–29. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6360-3_1.
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Hassan, Rola, Hanan Faruqui, Reem Alquraa, Ayman Eissa, Fatma Alshaiki, and Mohamed Cheikh. "Classification Criteria and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rheumatic Diseases." In Skills in Rheumatology, 521–66. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8323-0_25.
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AbstractRheumatic diseases have many classification criteria and management guidelines that are continuously being updated in order to improve the quality of healthcare provision. With these ever-evolving criteria and guidelines, practicing clinicians need an easy way to get to the core of these updates and to retain them in an easy and memorable way. Classification criteria are meant to differentiate between similar diseases and also to confirm or rule out a certain disease based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The diagnosis of rheumatic diseases can be challenging since many clinical signs and symptoms as well as many laboratory markers are not specific and can be positive in many diseases.
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Murtagh, Fliss E. M. "End-stage kidney disease." In Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, edited by Nathan I. Cherny, Marie T. Fallon, Stein Kaasa, Russell K. Portenoy, and David C. Currow, 1010–19. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0095.
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End-stage kidney disease accounts for 1–2% of all deaths. With ageing of the population, this proportion will grow steadily over the coming years. Symptom burden in end-stage kidney disease exceeds advanced cancer, with added renal-specific symptoms, such as itch and restless legs. Pain and depression are also more prevalent. Many renal symptoms go under-recognized and undertreated, especially as they arise from comorbid conditions, rather than the renal disease itself. The most useful intervention to address symptoms is regular assessment, followed by pharmacological interventions that take account of the constraints on using renally cleared drugs and the high risk of toxicity from accumulation of parent compounds or metabolites. The population with end-stage kidney disease have extensive palliative care needs, and require significant medical, nursing, psychological, and social care to address these as their illness advances towards the end of life.
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Kian, Waleed, Melanie Zemel, Emily H. Kestenbaum, Wafeek Alguayn, Boris Shvarts, Adam A. Sharb, Dina Levitas, Yousef Kian, Nir Peled, and Alexander Yakobson. "Cardiomyopathy Etiologies, Symptoms and Management." In Cardiomyopathy - Disease of the Heart Muscle [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95566.
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Cardiomyopathy can be defined as a structural and functional myocardial disorder that is commonly genetic rather than due to coronary artery, valvular or congenital heart disease. It can be subcategorized into dilated, hypertrophic, restrictive, unclassified, and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy/dysplasia. They can be further subdivided into primary and secondary cardiomyopathy. Primary includes genetics (HOCM, ARVC/D), mixed (DCM, RCM) or acquired (stress-induced, myocarditis) causes; while secondary cardiomyopathy is derived from the involvement of other organ systems. Cardiomyopathies can be identified by echocardiogram to display the anatomic and functional changes related to each subtype including systolic or diastolic dysfunction. In certain instances, cardiac-MRI or CT are used to further elucidate its specific characteristics such as fatty infiltration and focal hypertrophy. Treatment is very diverse and catered to each individual case. This will all be further elaborated on in the following chapter.
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Japp, Alan G., Iain Simpson, Stephen Pettit, Arthur Yue, and Junaid Zaman. "Cardiovascular symptoms." In ESC CardioMed, 8–17. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0002.
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The symptomatic repertoire of cardiac disease is relatively narrow and most conditions will present with one or more of chest pain, dyspnoea, palpitation, syncope, or presyncope. On the other hand, the differential diagnosis of each of these symptoms is broad and includes both cardiac and non-cardiac disorders. Certain features of acute chest pain alter the likelihood of acute coronary syndrome but, in isolation, the history is usually insufficient to rule in or rule out the diagnosis. Intermittent chest pain can be categorized as typical angina, atypical angina, or non-anginal based on three symptom characteristics; this classification has substantial diagnostic value and helps to determine the need for and the most appropriate mode of further investigation. Orthopnoea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea are more specific for heart failure than other forms of dyspnoea. However, it is not possible to diagnose either acute or chronic heart failure by the history alone. For both angina and chronic heart failure, the European Society of Cardiology recommends objective assessment of symptom severity using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society and New York Heart Association classifications respectively. Definitive diagnosis of palpitation usually requires documentation of the cardiac rhythm during symptoms but a clear description of the symptom may suggest the likely diagnosis and guide the optimal approach to rhythm monitoring. The history is invaluable in differentiating syncope and presyncope from other causes of transient loss of consciousness and dizziness. Beyond this, clinical features such as prodromal symptoms or precipitation of episodes by exposure to pain can help to distinguish cardiac from reflex syncope.
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Simon, Chantal, Hazel Everitt, Françoise van Dorp, and Matt Burkes. "Breast disease." In Oxford Handbook of General Practice, 687–700. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199671038.003.0020.
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Breast symptoms Benign breast disease Breast cancer screening Breast cancer Breast awareness means knowing what your breasts look and feel like normally. Evidence suggests that there is no need to follow a specific or detailed routine such as breast self-examination, but you should be aware of any changes in your breasts....
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Fielding, Richard E., and Ken Farrington. "Clinical presentation of renal disease." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by John D. Firth, 4764–80. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0475.
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Renal disease may present in many ways, including (1) the screening of asymptomatic individuals; (2) with symptoms and signs resulting from renal dysfunction; and (3) with symptoms and signs of an underlying disease, often systemic, which has resulted in renal dysfunction. History and clinical signs—in many cases these are nonspecific or not apparent, and detection of renal disease relies on a combination of clinical suspicion and simple investigations, including urinalysis and estimation of renal function. Asymptomatic renal disease—this is common and most often detected as chronic depression of eGFR (known as chronic kidney disease, CKD), proteinuria, or haematuria, either as isolated features or in combination. Symptomatic renal disease—may present in many ways, including (1) with features of severe chronic depression of glomerular filtration rate—‘uraemia’, manifesting with some or all of anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, weakness, pruritus, breathlessness, bleeding tendency, apathy and loss of mental concentration, and muscle twitching and cramps; (2) acute kidney injury (AKI); (3) with urinary symptoms—frequency, polyuria, nocturia, oliguria, anuria, and visible (macroscopic) haematuria; and (4) loin pain. Specific renal syndromes—these include (1) nephrotic syndrome—comprising oedema, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminaemia—caused by primary or secondary glomerular disease; and (2) rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with AKI. Other conditions—renal disease may be associated with and present in the context of many underlying conditions, including (1) diabetes mellitus; (2) renovascular disease; (3) myeloma and other malignancies; (4) infectious diseases, either as a nonspecific manifestation of the sepsis syndrome or as a specific complication of the particular infection; (5) systemic inflammatory diseases; (6) drug-induced renal disease; and (7) pregnancy.
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McKnight, Rebecca, Jonathan Price, and John Geddes. "Medically unexplained physical symptoms." In Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754008.003.0033.
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Concern about physical symptoms is a common reason for people to seek medical help. Many of these symptoms, such as headache, chest pain, weakness, dizziness, and fatigue, remain unexplained by identifiable disease even after careful medical assessment. Several general terms have been used to describe these types of symptom— somatoform, medically unexplained, and functional. We prefer the terms ‘medically unexplained physical symptom’ or ‘functional symptom’, because they imply a disturbance of some kind in bodily functioning without implying that the symptom is psychogenic. Patients and doctors often assume that a physical symptom implies that a physical pathology exists. However, commonly experienced and often severe, distressing, and disabling symptoms, such as menstrual pain or ‘tension headache’, indicate that this is not always the case. By assuming that a physical symptom is explained by physical disease/ pathology, we may be subjecting the patient to unnecessary tests and hospital visits, adding to patient distress, and failing to deliver the integrated management required. There are many kinds of these symptoms (Box 25.1), presenting across healthcare settings. They are considered in this psychiatry textbook because (1) psychological factors (including, at times, psychiatric disorder) are important in aetiology and (2) psychological and behavioural interventions have a fundamental role in treatment A major obstacle to effective management of patients with functional symptoms is that they feel their doctor does not believe them. They are concerned that they may be thought to be ‘putting it on’. Note that the deliberate manufacture or exaggeration of symptoms or signs (malingering) is quite different (see p. 359). Diagnoses of three kinds may be given: … ● Descriptive physical syndromes. These include fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, non- cardiac chest pain, chronic pain syndrome, and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Although the specific terms are useful in everyday medical practice, there is substantial overlap, and many patients with, for example, fibromyalgia will also have IBS. ● Psychiatric syndromes as the primary cause of the functional symptoms. Psychiatric disorders, such as depression, anxiety, and adjustment, are common primary causes of functional symptoms, and commonly present via the general hospital’s emergency department or cardiology clinic.
Conference papers on the topic "Disease-Specific Symptoms"
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Ferguson, Susan, Mihai C. Teodorescu, Shen Wang, and Mihaela Teodorescu. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Symptoms And Disease-Specific Quality Of Life In Asthma." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a4200.
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Kita, A., P. Lorenzi, G. Romano, R. Rao, R. Parisi, A. Suppa, M. Bologna, A. Berardelli, and F. Irrera. "Smart Sensing System for the Detection of Specific Human Motion Symptoms of the Parkinson’s Disease." In 9th International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005666801520159.
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Lorenzi, Paolo, Rosario Rao, Antonio Suppa, Ardian Kita, Riccardo Parisi, Giulio Romano, Alfredo Berardelli, and Fernanda Irrera. "Wearable Wireless Inertial Sensors for Long-Time Monitoring of Specific Motor Symptoms in Parkinson’s Disease." In International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0005279201680173.
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Aggarwal, Nikita, Jasleen Saini, B. S. Saini, and Savita Gupta. "Different Classification Approaches for Early Detection of Parkinson’s Disease." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.12.
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Parkinson’s disease is perhaps the most well-known neurodegenerative disorder that mainly occurs due to the loss of dopamine-producing neurons and consists of motor/non-motor symptoms. The progression of the symptoms is often varying from one person to another to the diversity of the disease. The condition causes a huge burden both on those affected, as well as their families. Accurate diagnosis is critical and challenging but still, no specific diagnostic process is available. The computer-aided diagnosis techniques of signalling and imaging processing are very helpful in the prediction and classification of PD. This review gives a brief description of different methods of classification for early detection and also highlights the most profitable research directions by focusing on continuous monitoring patterns of daily activities, interactions, and routine that may provide the data on status changes, clinical management, and controlling self-correction
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Guerrera, Brittany, Samantha Farrow, Gloria Zeng, and Sally F. Shady. "Multiple Sclerosis Symptom Analyzer." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-66217.
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. MS is typically diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 40. There is no known cause of the disease and each individual experiences varying signs and symptoms depending on the severity of their disease. The most common symptoms include tremor, debilitated gait, visual impairment, or cognitive and emotional disturbances. Current methods used to treat MS include oral medication and surgical treatment. The issues with oral medication are the unwanted side effects to otherwise healthy tissue and the lack of patient adherence. Surgical treatment can be invasive and require longer recovery times. An alternate strategy to treat MS is by increasing the knowledge base of the practitioner to potentially treat specific symptoms. Currently, physicians use observations and MRI scans of the brain and spinal cord to help diagnose and track the progression of MS. There are several studies that analyze existing assistive technology to aid in the treatment of MS tremors. Most of these studies did not involve large test groups, therefore it is difficult to prove their validity. Additionally, none of the current devices are able to track symptoms while simultaneously creating medical history records. The goal of the design is to create a new device that will obtain the frequency and amplitude of tremors, while analyzing the effects of temperature and heart rate on the intensity of the tremor. With this data, the device will advance further MS research and lead to better diagnosis and treatment.
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Sengupta, Dibyendu, Jane C. Burns, Andrew Kahn, and Alison L. Marsden. "Comparison of Normal and Pathological Hemodynamics in Coronary Artery Aneurysms Caused by Kawasaki Disease." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53864.
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Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness occurring primarily in children less than 5 years of age. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children, with over 4000 cases of KD diagnosed annually in the US alone. There is currently no clinical diagnostic test for KD, and diagnosis is made via a combination of symptoms including rash, swollen extremities, and fever. Approximately 20–25% of the untreated cases develop large aneurysms in the coronary arteries, which put the patient at severe risk for myocardial infarction. In this project we performed patient specific computational simulations of blood flow in aneurysmal left and right coronary arteries of a 10-year old KD patient and compared the hemodynamics to that of a normal coronary. Several relevant hemodynamic parameters such as WSS, WSS gradients and recirculation time were obtained, as a first step towards developing a risk assessment tool for thrombosis in KD patients.
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Chehili, Hamza, and Mustapha Bensaada. "A Cross-Platform Application for Covid-19 Diagnostic." In 8th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Applications (AIAP 2021). AIRCC Publishing Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/csit.2021.110113.
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The emergency of the Covid 19 pandemic has led technology to seek solutions to the different problems caused by the disease. In the monitoring area, connected devices offer new possibilities to a rapid detection and intervention of the new cases. They allow remote diagnostic to infected patients with covid 19 symptoms. However, the heterogeneity of the platform requires applications' developers to develop specific solutions for each platform. In this paper, we propose a cross-platform application that permits developer to use one code to build applications in different platforms. The paper describes the architecture of the application by presenting its three parts: interface screens (UI), data manipulation and authentication implementation. Finally, we show selected screens of an android release as an example.
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Sharma, Akanksha, Saritha Shamsunder, Geetika Khanna, Neeti Khunger, and Vijay Zutshi. "Chronic vulval problems: A gynaecologist’s perspective." In 16th Annual International Conference RGCON. Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Private Ltd., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1685355.
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Introduction: Chronic vulval symptoms are common complaints in women seeking health care and can significantly interfere with a woman’s sexual function and sense of well being. Many practitioners feel diagnostically challenged, particularly by chronic or recurrent forms of vulval disease. The aim of this study was to assess the role of various diagnostic modalities in evaluation of chronic vulval symptoms. Methods: Between August 2012 and February 2014, 100 women presenting with chronic vulval symptoms (i.e. ≥ 3 months duration) were evaluated. All of them had a thorough clinical history taken including use of vulval washes and creams, a general and gynaecological examination. Patients having chronic vaginal discharge in addition had urethral, vaginal and cervical smear and culture. All women had a careful examination of the vulva with and without magnification. Vulval scrape cytology was taken after moistening the vulva with normal saline and stained by Pap stain. Colposcopy of the vulva was then carried out after applying 5% acetic acid and 1% toluidine blue dye. Vulval biopsy was taken from suspicious areas on colposcopy and further management was based on histopathology report. Results: The mean age of women in our study was 43.57 years (range 22-80 years.), 70% women were pre-menopausal and 30% were post-menopausal. The mean duration of symptoms was 1.625 years (range 6 months - 15 years) and atypical vulval hygiene practices (excessive washing with soaps) was used in 77% of women. The commonest presenting complaint was pruritus in 92% of women; visible lesions on vulva were seen in 20%, pain in 6% and burning sensation in vulva in 5% of women. The histopathology was abnormal in 77 patients; the most common histopathological finding was non-neoplastic epithelial disorders in 64 women {Squamous cell hyperplasia (n=52), Lichen Sclerosus et atrophicus (n=6), other dermatoses including lichen Planus (n=6)}. Vulvar Intra-epithelial Neoplasia (VIN) was seen in 6 patients, 5 were squamous type VIN and 1 was non-squamous type (Paget’s disease). Squamous cell carcinoma was seen in 3 patients; malignant melanoma, benign appendiceal tumor, angiofibroma and neurofibroma in 1 patient. Examination without magnification had sensitivity of 25.97% and with magnification was 29.87% and specificity was 100% for both of them. Cytology had sensitivity and specificity of 75.32% and 86.95% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of colposcopy was 77.92% and 17.39% respectively. Conclusion: Clinical examination with and without magnification had low sensitivity but were highly specific in diagnosing vulvar lesions. A normal vulval smear and colposcopy have a high negative predictive value and are very reassuring. Colposcopy and biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, however clinical examination with naked eyes and magnifying glass are invaluable and can diagnose most of the neoplastic lesions.
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Zanini, Rafael Anicet, and Esther Luna Colombini. "Parkinson sEMG signal prediction and generation with Neural Networks." In Concurso de Teses e Dissertações da SBC. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ctd.2021.15759.
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Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by symptoms like resting and action tremors, which cause severe impairments to the patient’s life. Recently, many assistance techniques have been proposed to minimize the disease’s impact on patients’ life. However, most of these methods depend on data from PD’s surface electromyography (sEMG), which is scarce. In this work, we propose the first methods, based on Neural Networks, for predicting, generating, and transferring the style of patient-specific PD sEMG tremor signals. This dissertation contributes to the area by i) comparing different NN models for predicting PD sEMG signals to anticipate resting tremor patterns ii) proposing the first approach based on Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) to generate PD’s sEMG tremor signals; iii) applying Style Transfer (ST) for augmenting PD’s sEMG signals with publicly available datasets of non-PD subjects; iv) proposing metrics for evaluating the PD’s signal characterization in sEMG signals. These new data created by our methods could validate treatment approaches on different movement scenarios, contributing to the development of new techniques for tremor suppression in patients.
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Lyakso, Elena, Olga Frolova, and Aleksandr Nikolaev. "VOICE AND SPEECH FEATURES AS A DIAGNOSTIC SYMPTOM." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact074.
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"The study of the peculiarities of speech of children with atypical development is necessary for the development of educational programs, children’s socialization and adaptation in society. The aim of this study is to determine the acoustic features of voice and speech of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as a possible additional diagnostic criterion. The multiplicity of symptomatology, different age of its manifestation, and the presence of a leading symptom complex individually for each child make it difficult to diagnose ASD. To determine the specificity of speech features of ASD, we analyzed the speech of children with developmental disabilities in which speech disorders accompany the disease - Down syndrome (DS), intellectual disabilities (ID), mixed specific developmental disorders (MDD). The features that reflect the main physiological processes occurring in the speech tract during voice and speech production are selected for analysis. The speech of 300 children aged 4-16 years was analyzed. Speech files are selected from the speech database ""AD_Child.Ru"" (Lyakso et al., 2019). Acoustic features of voice and speech, which are specific for different developmental disorders, were determined. The speech of ASD children is characterized by: high pitch values (high voice); pitch variability; high values for the third formant (emotional) and its intensity causing ""atypical"" spectrogram of the speech signal; high values of vowel articulation index (VAI). The speech of children with DS is characterized by the maximal duration of vowels in words; low pitch values (low voice); a wide range of values of the VAI depending on the difficulty of speech material; low values of the third formant; unformed most of consonant phonemes. The characteristics of speech of children with ID are: high values of vowel’s duration in words, the pitch, and the third formant, low values of the VAI; of MDD - low pitch values and high values of the VAI. Based on the identified peculiarities specific to each disease, the set of acoustic features specific to ASD can be considered as a biomarker of autism and used as an additional diagnostic criterion. This will allow a timely diagnose, appoint treatment and develop individual programs for children. Speech characteristics of children with ID, DS, and MDD can be considered to a greater extent in the training and socialization of children and used in the development of training programs taking into account individual peculiarities of children."
Reports on the topic "Disease-Specific Symptoms"
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Viswanathan, Meera, Jennifer Cook Middleton, Alison Stuebe, Nancy Berkman, Alison N. Goulding, Skyler McLaurin-Jiang, Andrea B. Dotson, et al. Maternal, Fetal, and Child Outcomes of Mental Health Treatments in Women: A Systematic Review of Perinatal Pharmacologic Interventions. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer236.
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Background. Untreated maternal mental health disorders can have devastating sequelae for the mother and child. For women who are currently or planning to become pregnant or are breastfeeding, a critical question is whether the benefits of treating psychiatric illness with pharmacologic interventions outweigh the harms for mother and child. Methods. We conducted a systematic review to assess the benefits and harms of pharmacologic interventions compared with placebo, no treatment, or other pharmacologic interventions for pregnant and postpartum women with mental health disorders. We searched four databases and other sources for evidence available from inception through June 5, 2020 and surveilled the literature through March 2, 2021; dually screened the results; and analyzed eligible studies. We included studies of pregnant, postpartum, or reproductive-age women with a new or preexisting diagnosis of a mental health disorder treated with pharmacotherapy; we excluded psychotherapy. Eligible comparators included women with the disorder but no pharmacotherapy or women who discontinued the pharmacotherapy before pregnancy. Results. A total of 164 studies (168 articles) met eligibility criteria. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period probably improves depressive symptoms at 30 days (least square mean difference in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, -2.6; p=0.02; N=209) when compared with placebo. Sertraline for postpartum depression may improve response (calculated relative risk [RR], 2.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 5.24; N=36), remission (calculated RR, 2.51; 95% CI, 0.94 to 6.70; N=36), and depressive symptoms (p-values ranging from 0.01 to 0.05) when compared with placebo. Discontinuing use of mood stabilizers during pregnancy may increase recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.2; N=89) and reduce time to recurrence of mood disorders (2 vs. 28 weeks, AHR, 12.1; 95% CI, 1.6 to 91; N=26) for bipolar disorder when compared with continued use. Brexanolone for depression onset in the third trimester or in the postpartum period may increase the risk of sedation or somnolence, leading to dose interruption or reduction when compared with placebo (5% vs. 0%). More than 95 percent of studies reporting on harms were observational in design and unable to fully account for confounding. These studies suggested some associations between benzodiazepine exposure before conception and ectopic pregnancy; between specific antidepressants during pregnancy and adverse maternal outcomes such as postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and spontaneous abortion, and child outcomes such as respiratory issues, low Apgar scores, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, depression in children, and autism spectrum disorder; between quetiapine or olanzapine and gestational diabetes; and between benzodiazepine and neonatal intensive care admissions. Causality cannot be inferred from these studies. We found insufficient evidence on benefits and harms from comparative effectiveness studies, with one exception: one study suggested a higher risk of overall congenital anomalies (adjusted RR [ARR], 1.85; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.78; N=2,608) and cardiac anomalies (ARR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.17 to 4.34; N=2,608) for lithium compared with lamotrigine during first- trimester exposure. Conclusions. Few studies have been conducted in pregnant and postpartum women on the benefits of pharmacotherapy; many studies report on harms but are of low quality. The limited evidence available is consistent with some benefit, and some studies suggested increased adverse events. However, because these studies could not rule out underlying disease severity as the cause of the association, the causal link between the exposure and adverse events is unclear. Patients and clinicians need to make an informed, collaborative decision on treatment choices.