Academic literature on the topic 'Diseases and pests'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Diseases and pests.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Diseases and pests"
1
Raman, K. V. "SURVEY OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN AFRICA: PESTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 213 (September 1987): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.213.15.
Full text
2
Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Wheat Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 159, no. 4 (October 5, 2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01750.x.
Full text
3
Muminova, R. "Malus Pests and Diseases." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 5 (May 15, 2023): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/90/22.
Full textAbstract:
The Malus is a deciduous tree of the Rosaceae family, which is actively used in horticulture. In order to maintain healthy, productive trees and fruits, it is necessary to know what pests and control measures exist. The paper presents a review of modern literature on the means and methods of combating diseases and pests of the apple tree. In conclusion, practical conclusions are given about the most effective methods of struggle.
4
Muminova, Ra`no Dalabaevna. "APPLE PESTS AND DISEASES." Theoretical & Applied Science 120, no. 04 (April 30, 2023): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15863/tas.2023.04.120.8.
Full text
5
Sinaga, Era Pelita. "Expert System for Diagnosing Pests and Diseases in Arabica Coffee Plants using the Certainty Factor Method." International Journal of Basic and Applied Science 9, no. 2 (September 30, 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.35335/ijobas.v9i2.13.
Full textAbstract:
Arabica coffee is coffee which is known to have the best quality among others, because it has a distinctive aroma and taste. However, arabica coffee is more susceptible to infection with pests and diseases, which causes farmers to experience difficulties in maintaining arabica coffee and lack of knowledge about how to control pests and diseases that attack arabica coffee. In handling pests and diseases, an agricultural consultant is needed to diagnose pests and diseases of arabica coffee plants. In this study, the expert system diagnosed pests and diseases in Arabica coffee plants was built to diagnose pests and diseases that attack arabica coffee plants, and provide solutions for pests and diseases. The method used in this expert system is the Certainty Factor method. Certainty Factor method is chosen because this method is suitable in the process of determining the identification of pests and diseases, and the results of applying this method are percentages. The percentage of expert system consultations was taken from the highest yield, as an alternative to pests and diseases that attacked arabica coffee plants. The expert system diagnoses pests and diseases of arabica coffee plants to make it easier for Arabica coffee farmers to find more detailed and accurate information about Arabica Coffee pests and diseases and their control.
6
Windi, Windi Tamara, Novriyenni, and Husnul Khair. "Application of Case Based Reasoning Method to Diagnose Rice Plant Diseases." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Engineering Applications (JAIEA) 3, no. 1 (October 6, 2023): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.59934/jaiea.v3i1.372.
Full textAbstract:
Rice (Latin: Oryza sativa) is one of the most important cultivated crops in civilization. Although it mainly refers to a type of cultivated plant, rice is also used to refer to several types of the same genus (genus), commonly referred to as wild rice. The problem that often arises is that many rice plants are susceptible to pests and diseases during the planting period. Some pests and diseases that can attack rice plants include: leaf blight, grass, tongguo, rice spout, and dwarf grass. Generally, when rice plants are attacked by pests and diseases, farmers will immediately use pesticides or treatment methods that are sometimes not in accordance with pests. As a result, treatment is not optimal and can even cause new pests and diseases. The purpose of this study is to assist farmers in identifying early symptoms of plant diseases and pests of rice plant diseases using the case base reasoning method, so that the treatment of plant diseases and insect pests is more concentrated and maximal.
7
Khairul, Ujang, Trizelia Trizelia, and Reflin Reflin. "PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK TANI MELALUI PELATIHAN PENGENDALIAN HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN KAKAO DI KANAGARIAN CAMPAGO KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN." BULETIN ILMIAH NAGARI MEMBANGUN 1, no. 4 (November 30, 2018): 88–95. https://doi.org/10.25077/bina.v1i4.41.
Full textAbstract:
Training on methods of pests and diseases management in cocoa plants has been conducted in the Nagari Campago, Kecamatan V Koto Kampung Padang Pariaman. The aims of this activity was to empower farmer groups through increasing the knowledge of cocoa farmers about cultivation and pests and diseases management attacked of cocoa plant, this activity consists of socialization, counseling and field practice. Evaluations carried out before and after training related to farmers' knowledge about cultivation and pests and diseases in cocoa. The results of the activity show that: (a) the level of pests and diseases in cocoa plantations in this area is quite high (55% dan 65%), (b) farmers have not good cultivated on cocoa, (c) farmers do not understand abaut pests and diseases that attack their cocoa and do not understand the methods for controlling pests and diseases. This activity has increased farmers' knowledge about the cultivation and management of pests and diseases in cocoa plants.
8
Zheng, Qiong, Wenjiang Huang, Qing Xia, Yingying Dong, Huichun Ye, Hao Jiang, Shuisen Chen, and Shanyu Huang. "Remote Sensing Monitoring of Rice Diseases and Pests from Different Data Sources: A Review." Agronomy 13, no. 7 (July 13, 2023): 1851. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071851.
Full textAbstract:
Rice is an important food crop in China, and diseases and pests are the main factors threatening its safety, ecology, and efficient production. The development of remote sensing technology provides an important means for non-destructive and rapid monitoring of diseases and pests that threaten rice crops. This paper aims to provide insights into current and future trends in remote sensing for rice crop monitoring. First, we expound the mechanism of remote sensing monitoring of rice diseases and pests and introduce the applications of different commonly data sources (hyperspectral data, multispectral data, thermal infrared data, fluorescence, and multi-source data fusion) in remote sensing monitoring of rice diseases and pests. Secondly, we summarize current methods for monitoring rice diseases and pests, including statistical discriminant type, machine learning, and deep learning algorithm. Finally, we provide a general framework to facilitate the monitoring of rice diseases or pests, which provides ideas and technical guidance for remote sensing monitoring of unknown diseases and pests, and we point out the challenges and future development directions of rice disease and pest remote sensing monitoring. This work provides new ideas and references for the subsequent monitoring of rice diseases and pests using remote sensing.
9
Choi and Park. "Monitoring, Assessment and Management of Forest Insect Pests and Diseases." Forests 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10100865.
Full textAbstract:
Forest pests are one of the most important factors disturbing forest ecosystems, by impacting forestry economy, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and sustainable ecosystem management. Monitoring the occurrence of forest pests offers clues to understand their impacts on the forest ecosystem and develop a sustainable ecosystem management strategy. This special issue is designed to create a better understanding of the changes and impacts of forest pests according to forest changes, caused by natural or anthropogenic causes. There are 13 papers published in this special issue, covering several issues concerning forest pests. Two of the papers reviewed the changes in forest pests in Korea or Poland. The remaining twelve papers covered issues concerning the monitoring, assessment, and management of forest pests. Through this special issue, we expect to contribute towards the improvement of our knowledge of the structures and processes in forest ecosystems relating to forest pests and fundamental information for the effective management of forest pests.
10
Bukhonova, Yu V., and N. G. Mikhina. "Monitoring pests and diseases of linen." Защита и карантин растений, no. 5 (2022): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47528/1026-8634_2022_5_25.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Diseases and pests"
1
Terry, Alan J. "Control of pests and diseases." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.505965.
Full text
2
George, Adrienne. "Cataloguing Diseases and Pests in Captive Corals." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3115.
Full textAbstract:
Stony corals (Order Scleractinia) are susceptible to a variety of diseases, which can occur from abiotic or biotic factors, or a combination of both. Public aquaria provide opportunities to study coral disease. Because coral mucus is the first line of defense against disease, the Biolog EcoplateTM is a useful tool to detect differences in microbial assemblages in the surface mucopolysaccharide (mucus) layer when comparing healthy and diseased corals. Histological examination is essential to document structural changes in coral tissue in response to diseases. This study identifies and characterizes diseases in captive corals through visual recognition, characterization of carbon utilization by microbial assemblages in coral mucus samples, and histological examination. In March 2010, surveys were sent to public aquaria throughout the United States that house corals. If the survey was returned indicating that the aquarium had diseased coral specimens present, sample kits were sent to the aquarium to acquire photographs, mucus samples for microbial carbon utilization analysis, and tissue samples for histological examination. Eighteen aquaria participated in the survey and 25 sets of samples were provided. The gross lesions from diseased samples fit into six categories: discoloration associated with darkening of the tissue or with color loss (bleaching), growth anomalies, and tissue loss associated with pests, with brown jelly, or with no obvious cause. Seven categories of possible contributing factors were reported: addition of inadequately quarantined corals to the tank, damage during transport, change of location, manual stress, and variations in light, salinity, or temperature. Introduction of inadequately quarantined specimens was the most common possible contributing factor to pest introduction. Significant differences in carbon source utilization were found between tank-water samples and mucus from both healthy and diseased areas of sampled corals. Although mucus samples from healthy and diseased samples did not differ in carbon source utilization overall, D-mannitol was used by 52% of microbial assemblages from mucus from diseased areas compared with only 17% of microbial assemblages from healthy mucus samples. Histologically, the most commonly observed features across all samples were healthy zooxanthellae, endolithic organisms, and nematocysts, all of which are normal features that can be influenced by stress factors. Brown granular material and ciliates were found associated with some anomalies, primarily the three categories of tissue loss. The presence of dense aggregates of zooxanthellate-engorged ciliates in corals afflicted with brown jelly was highly similar to histological observations of brown band syndrome, previously described from natural coral reefs.
3
Melander, Margareta. "Transgenic resistance to pathogens and pests /." Alnarp : Dept. of Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a496.pdf.
Full text
4
Marino, Dante. "Screening of Germplasm Accessions from the Brassica Species for Resistance against PG3 and PG4 Isolates of Blackleg." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2011. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/29053.
Full textAbstract:
Blackleg is a disease of canola and rapeseed cultivars that is caused by the fungus Leptosphaeria maculans (Desm.) Ces. & de Not., and it is by far the most destructive pathogen of canola in North America. In recent years, blackleg strains belonging to pathogenicity groups (PG) 3 and 4 have been discovered in North Dakota. Recent outbreaks of the disease have added a sense of urgency to characterize the risk these new strains represent for the canola industry and to identify sources of resistance against them. Thus, the objectives of this study were to screen germplasm collections of Brassica rapa, B. napus. and B. juncea for their reaction to PG3 and PG4 and to evaluate the reaction of a sample of currently used canola commercial cultivars grown in North Dakota to PG3 and PG4 as means to estimate the risk these new strains represent. All canola germplasm and commercial cultivars were evaluated in replicated trials in greenhouse conditions using cotyledon bioassays. In 2009 and 2010, the effect of these strains, using five inoculation sequences, on the reaction of canola seedlings was also evaluated. Field trials were not conducted because of the limited geographical distribution of the new strains. No adequate sources of resistance were identified among the 277 B. rapa and 130 B. napus accessions evaluated; however, 22 of the 406 accessions of Brassicajuncea evaluated were considered to have moderate levels of resistance. B. juncea seedlings that survived these inoculations were self-pollinated and their progeny (F1) were also screened. As before, surviving seedlings were self-pollinated. These F2 seeds are the elite materials that could be used in future breeding programs. The complementary study evaluating the role of sequence inoculations in reaction of canola seedlings to blackleg indicated that an increased susceptibility to PG3 occurred when seedlings were first inoculated with PG4; however, reaction to PG4 was not enhanced by a prior inoculation with PG3. All 75 commercial cultivars evaluated were susceptible to PG3 and PG4, indicating that the risk these new strains represent to the canola industry of the region is serious. Further, when a subsample of 16 cultivars were challenged with PG2, they were either resistant or moderately resistant, suggesting the ratings the industry are using relate to reaction of those cultivars to PG2 but not to the new strains; thus, growers should use caution when using these ratings while deciding on which cultivars to plant.<br>North Dakota State University. Department of Plant Pathology<br>USDA North Central Canola Research Program<br>Northern Canola Growers Association
5
Denman, Sandra. "Botryosphaeria diseases of proteaceae." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52721.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertation (PhD (Agric))--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fungi belonging to the genus Botryosphaeria are heterotrophic micromycetes that can be
pathogens on woody plants. They cause serious, and in some cases devastating losses to
crops through leaf necrosis, stem cankers and plant death. The Proteaceae cut-flower
industry in South Africa accounts for 70% of the national cut-flower enterprise.
Botryosphaeria diseases are a major impediment to production and trade of Proteaceae
and there is an urgent need to investigate the etiology, epidemiology and control of these
diseases. Losses of one of the most important proteas, P. magnifica, amount to 50% or
more, locally. The main aims of this study were therefore to establish the etiology and
aspects of epidemiology of Botryosphaeria stem cankers on P. magnifica and other
Proteaceae, and to investigate methods of disease control.
Although there is a vast body of information pertaining to this fungus, which was
reviewed in Chapter 1, there is relatively little information available on Botryosphaeria
on Proteaceae. The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria requires thorough review, and
molecular techniques need to be employed to resolve species identities.
In Chapter 2, it was found that Phyllachora proteae, a leaf pathogen of proteas,
produced a Fusicoccum anamorph, which is described as F. proteae. A sphaeropsis-like
synanamorph was associated with F. proteae and a new combination for P. proteae is
proposed in Botryosphaeria, as B. proteae.
The taxonomy of Botryosphaeria is in disarray at both the generic and the specific
level. In Chapter 3 the taxonomic history of Botryosphaeria is reviewed, and the genus
circumscribed and distinguished from other morphologically similar genera. Although
several anamorph genera have been linked to Botryosphaeria, based on morphological
observations and phylogenetic analysis of lTS rDNA sequence data, two anamorph
genera are now recognised, those with pigmented conidia (Diplodia), and those with
hyaline conidia (Fusicoccum). Botryosphaeria proteae should thus be excluded from
Botryosphaeria.
Several pathogenic Botryosphaeria spp. have an endophytic phase within their
hosts. They are therefore imported unwittingly into other countries where they may pose
a risk to agriculture and indigenous vegetation. The current global distribution of Botryosphaeria spp. associated with Proteaceae is clarified and a key to these taxa
associated with Proteaceae is provided in Chapter 4. Five Botryosphaeria spp. are
associated with cut-flower Proteaceae worldwide viz. B. lute a, B. obtusa, B. protearum,
B. proteae and B. rib is. B. protearum is described as a new species.
A thorough understanding of disease epidemiology is essential to effect a
reduction of losses. In Chapter 5, I show that on P. magnifica, lesions caused by
Botryosphaeria protearum, which lead to the formation of stem cankers, are initiated in
the mid-rib vein or margin of leaves. Koch's postulates were satisfied and it was found
that the number of lesions that developed from artificial inoculations correlated with
starch levels present in leaves at the time of inoculation.
In Chapter 6 it is shown that B. protearum exists as an endophyte in leaves of P.
magnifica in naturally occurring as well as cultivated plants. In natural stands of proteas
stem cankers are rare, but in cultivated plantations the incidence is high. Nutritional
analyses indicate that higher levels of nitrogen occur in leaves of cultivated plants in
spring, which could enhance disease development. High levels of sodium in the leaves of
wild plants may restrict disease development.
The severe economic losses caused by B. protearum make the search for
improved methods of disease control essential. Fungicide applications form an important
component of an integrated approach to disease management. In Chapter 7, in vitro tests
demonstrate that tebuconazole, benomyl, prochloraz me, iprodione and fenarimol reduce
the mycelial growth of B. protearum effectively. In the field there was a 25-85%
reduction in the occurrence of stem cankers by applying fungicides or sanitation pruning.
The best control was achieved by using benomyl, bitertanol, fenarimol, iprodione,
prochloraz manganese chloride alternated with mancozeb and tebuconazole
prophylactically. If sanitation pruning is combined with regular applications of
fungicides, disease can be combated.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Mikrofungi wat tot die genus Botryosphaeria behoort, is heterotrofiese organismes, wat
patogenies op houtagtige plante kan wees. Hulle veroorsaak ernstige, en in sommige
gevalle, verwoestende verliese, deur blaarnekrose, stamkankers en plantafsterwing. Die
Proteaceae snyblom-industrie in Suid-Afrika maak 70% van die nasionale snyblomindustrie
uit. Botryosphaeria siektes is 'n belangrike struikelblok in die produksie en
handeldryf van Proteaceae, en daar is 'n ernstige behoefte om die etiologie,
epidemiologie en beheer van siektes te ondersoek. Verliese van een van die belangrikste
proteas, P. magnifica, beloop plaaslik 50% of meer. Die hoof doelstellings van hierdie
studie was dus om die etiologie en epidemiologie van Botryosphaeria stamkankers op P.
magnifica en ander Proteaceae vas te stel en metodes van siektebeheer te ondersoek.
Hoewel daar 'n wye hoeveelheid inligting rakende die swam bestaan, wat in
Hoofstuk I hersien is, is daar relatief min inligting oor Botryosphaeria op Proteaceae
beskikbaar. Die taksonomie van Botryosphaeria benodig deeglike hersiening, en
molekulêre tegnieke word benodig om spesie-identiteite op te klaar.
In Hoofstuk 2 is gevind dat Phyllachora proteae, 'n blaarpatogeen van proteas, 'n
Fusicoccum anamorf produseer, wat as F. proteae beskryf word. 'n Sphaeropsis-agtige
synanamorf is met F. proteae geassosieer en 'n nuwe kombinasie vir P. proteae is as B.
proteae in Botryosphaeria voorgestel.
Die taksonomie van Botryosphaeria is, beide op die genus- as die spesievlak, in
wanorde. In Hoofstuk 3 word die taksonomiese geskiedenis van Botryosphaeria hersien,
en die genus word omskryf en van ander morfologies soortgelyke genera onderskei.
Hoewel verskeie anamorf genera al met Botryosphaeria op grond van morfologiese
waarnemings en filogenetiese analise van ITS rDNA volgorde data verbind is, word twee
anamorf genera nou herken, dié met gepigmenteerde konidia (Diplodia), en dié met
deurskynende konidia (Fusicoccum). Botryosphaeria proteae moet dus van
Botryosphaeria uitgesluit word.
Verskeie patogeniese Botryosphaeria spp. het 'n endofitiese fase in hul
lewenssiklus. Hulle word dus onwetend in ander lande ingevoer waar hulle 'n gevaar vir
landbou en inheemse plantegroei kan inhou. Die huidige wêreldverspreiding van Botryosphaeria spp. wat met Proteaceae geassosieer word is opgeklaar, en in Hoofstuk 4
word 'n sleutel tot die taksa wat met Proteaceae geassosieer word verskaf. Vyf
Botryosphaeria spp. word met snyblom Proteaceae wêreldwyd geassosieer, naamlik B.
lutea, B. protearum, B. proteae, B. ribis en B. obtusa. B. protearum word as 'n nuwe
spesie beskryf.
'n Deeglike kennis van siekte-epidemiologie is noodsaaklik ten einde verliese te
verminder. In Hoofstuk 5 dui ek aan dat letsels wat lei tot stamkankers, veroorsaak deur
Botryosphaeria protearum op P. magnifica, in die hoofnerf of rant van blare ontstaan.
Koch se postulate is uitgevoer en daar is vasgestel dat die aantal letsels wat vanuit
kunsmatige inokulasies ontwikkel het korreleer met die styselvlakke teenwoordig in die
blare ten tye van die inokulasie.
In Hoofstuk 6 word getoon dat B. protearum as 'n endofiet in die blare van P.
magnifica. In natuurlike standplase van proteas is stamkankers skaars, maar in verboude
plantasies is die voorkoms hoog. Voedingsanalises dui aan dat hoër vlakke van stikstof
in die blare van verboude plante in die lente voorkom, wat siekte-ontwikkeling moontlik
kan bevorder. Hoë vlakke van natrium in die blare van natuurlike plante mag siekteontwikkeling
beperk.
Die ernstige ekonomiese verliese wat deur B. protearum veroorsaak word, maak
die soektog na verbeterde metodes van siektebeheer noodsaaklik. Fungisiedtoedienings
maak 'n belangrike deel uit van 'n geïntegreerde benadering tot siektebeheer. In
Hoofstuk 7 dui in vitro toetse aan dat tebuconazole, benomyl, prochloraz me, iprodione
en fenarimol die miseliumgroei van B. protearum effektief verminder. 'n Vermindering
van 25-85% is aangetoon in die voorkoms van stamkankers in die veld, deur die
toediening van fungisiedes en sanitasiesnoei. Die beste beheer is verkry deur die
voorkomende toediening van benomyl, bitertanol, fenarimol, iprodione en prochloraz
manganese chloride, afgewissel met mancozeb en tebuconazole, op plante in die veld.
Indien sanitasiesnoei met gereelde toedienings van fungisiedes gekombineer word, kan
die siekte bekamp word.
6
Lubbe, Carolien M. "Colletotrichum diseases of Proteaceae." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53732.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2004.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis consists of four chapters that present research findings on Colletotrichum
diseases associated with Proteaceae worldwide. The first chapter is a review of literature
regarding the taxonomy and histology of Colletotrichum species associated with Proteaceae. The
literature is not restricted to Proteaceae hosts, as information regarding Colletotrichum on
Proteaceae is very limited.
In chapter two, Colletotrichum spp. associated with proteaceous hosts growing in various
parts of the world were identified based on morphology, sequence data of the internal transcribed
spacer region (ITS-I, ITS-2), the 5.8S gene, and partial sequences of the B-tubulin gene. Four
species of Colletotrichum were associated with Proteaceae. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was
isolated from Protea cynaroides cultivated in South Africa and Zimbabwe and from a
Leucospermum sp. in Portugal, but is known to occur worldwide on numerous hosts. A recently
described species, C. boninense, was associated with Zimbabwean and Australian Proteaceae, but
also occurred on a Eucalyptus sp. in South Africa. This represents a major geographical and host
extension for the species, and a description of the African strains is provided. Colletotrichum
crassipes was represented by a single isolate obtained from a Dryandra plant in Madeira.
Colletotrichum acutatum was isolated from Protea and Leucadendron in South Africa as well as
from other proteaceous hosts occurring elsewhere. Colletotrichum acutatum f. sp. hakea was
isolated from Hakea in South Africa. In chapter three, pathogenicity of these Colletotrichum species to certain proteas was
established, relative aggressiveness of the different species tested and host response to them were
compared as well as the effect that wounding had on host response. From the results obtained it
is concluded that C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides are the primary pathogens associated with
Colletotrichum leaf necrosis, and C. acutatum is the main cause of anthracnose and stem necrosis
of Proteaceae in South Africa.
A histological study was performed in chapter four in response to the findings from the
previous chapter. The behaviour of two C. acutatum isolates (one originating from Protea and
the other from Hakea, C. acuataum f.sp. hakea) was studied on inoculated Protea leaf surfaces
using light and scanning electron microscopy. Colletotrichum acutatum from Protea formed
melanised appressoria on the leaf surface, whereas C. acutatum from Hakea formed very low
numbers of both melanised and unmelanised appressoria. Most of the appressoria formed by C.
acutatum from Protea were formed on the cell junctions and on the periclinal walls of the
epidermal cells. From this study it is clear that C. acutatum f. sp. hakea is not a pathogen of
Protea. Consequently the current use of this isolate as a biological control agent of Hakea in
South Africa poses no threat to indigenous Protea species. Colletotrichum acutatum from Protea
(although closely related to C. acutatum f. sp. hakea), is a pathogen of Protea, which was
confirmed by histological observations.
In conclusion, the present study has shown that several species of Colletotrichum are
associated with diseased Proteaceae. These species differed in their pathogenicity and
aggressiveness when inoculated onto certain protea cultivars. These differences could be
partially explained by examining the behaviour of C. acutatum on the leaf surface. It is clear, however, that the distribution of the different species, their aggressrveness on different
Proteaceae and their modes of infection needs to be investigated further. This work provides a
basis for future research on the long-term effective management of these pathogens in fynbos
production.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis bestaan uit vier hoofstukke wat handeloor navorsing van Colletotrichum
siektes van Proteaceae wêreldwyd. Die eerste hoofstuk is 'n oorsig van literatuur rakende die
taksonomie en histologie van die Colletotrichum spesies wat met Proteaceae geassosieer
word. Die literatuur oorsig is nie beperk tot die Proteaceae nie aangesien baie min inligting
rakende Colletotrichum op Proteaceae bestaan.
In die tweede hoofstuk word die Colletotrichum spesies wat met proteas in verskeie dele
van die wêreld geassosieer word, op grond van morfologie, DNS volgorde data van die
interne getranskribeerde spasieerder area ("ITS-I, ITS-2"), die 5.8S geen, en gedeeltelike
DNS volgordes van die B-tubulin geen geïdentifiseer. Vier Colletotrichum spesies is met die
Proteaceae geassosieer. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is geïsoleer vanaf Protea cynaroides
wat in Suid-Afrika en Zimbabwe gekweek is en vanaf 'n Leucospermum sp. in Portugal, maar
is bekend op verskeie gashere wêreldwyd. 'n Spesie wat onlangs beskryf is, C. boninense, is
met Zimbabwiese en Australiaanse Proteaceae geassosieer, maar kom ook op 'n Eucalyptus
sp. in Suid-Afrika voor. Dit is 'n groot uitbreiding van die geografiese voorkoms en
gasheerreeks van hierdie spesie en 'n beskrywing van die Afrikaanse rasse word gegee.
Colletotrichum crassipes is verteenwoordig deur 'n enkele isolaat wat vanaf 'n Dryandra
plant in Madeira verkry is. Colletotrichum acutatum is vanaf Protea en Leucadendron in
Suid-Afrika asook vanaf ander proteas wat elders voorkom, geïsoleer. Colletotrichum
acutatum f. sp. hakea is vanaf Hakea in Suid-Afrika geïsoleer. In hoofstuk drie is die patogenisiteit van hierdie Colletotrichum spesies teenoor sekere
proteas getoets, die relatiewe aggressiwiteit van die verskillende spesies is vergelyk, asook die
gasheer se reaksie teenoor die spesies en die effek wat verwonding op die gasheer gehad het.
Daar kan afgelei word vanaf die resultate dat C. acutatum en C. gloeosporioides die primêre
patogene is wat met Colletotrichum blaarnekrose geassosieer word, en dat C. acutatum die
hoof oorsaak is van antraknose en lootnekrose van Proteaceae in Suid-Afrika.
'n Histologiese studie is in hoofstuk vier uitgevoer in reaksie op die bevindings van die
vorige hoofstuk. Die gedrag van twee C. acutatum isolate (een vanaf Protea en die ander
vanaf Hakea, C. acutatum f.sp. hakea) op die oppervlaktes van geïnokuleerde Protea blare is
bestudeer deur gebruik te maak van lig- en skandeer-elektronmikroskopie. Colletotrichum
acutatum vanaf Protea vorm gemelaniseerde appressoria op die blaaroppervlak, terwyl C.
acutatum vanaf Hakea klein hoeveelhede van beide gemelaniseerde en ongemelaniseerde
appressoria vorm. Meeste van die appressoria wat deur C. acutatum vanaf Protea gevorm
word, vorm op die aanhegtingspunte tussen selle en op die periklinale wande van die
epidermale selle. Vanuit hierdie studie is dit duidelik dat C. acutatum f. sp. hakea nie 'n
patogeen van Protea is nie. Gevolglik hou die huidige gebruik van hierdie isolaat as
biologiese beheer agent van Hakea in Suid-Afrika geen gevaar in vir inheemse Protea spesies
nie. Colletotrichum acutatum vanaf Protea (alhoewel dit naverwant is aan C. acutatum f. sp.
hakea) is 'n patogeen van Protea en hierdie stelling is ook bevestig deur histologiese
waarnemmgs.
Ter samevatting het hierdie studie getoon dat verskeie Colletotrichum spesies
geassosieer word met siektes van Proteaceae. Hierdie spesies het van mekaar verskil rakende
patogenisiteit en aggressiwiteit nadat hulle op sekere protea kultivars geïnokuleer is. Hierdie verskille kon gedeeltelik verklaar word deur die gedrag van C. acutatum op die
blaaroppervlaktes van verskillende protea kultivars. Dit is duidelik dat die verspreiding van
die verskillende spesies, hulle aggressiwiteit op verskillende Proteaceae en hul infeksie
metodes verder ondersoek moet word. Hierdie studie verskaf 'n basis vir toekomstige
navorsing rakende lang-termyn effektiewe bestuur van hierdie patogene in fynbos
aanplantings.
7
Noronha, Christine M. (Christine Mary). "Effects of density and host plant type on fecundity and survival of Delia radicum (Bouché), D. Antiqua (Meigen) and D. Platura (Meigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41017.
Full textAbstract:
The effects of intraspecific and interspecific competition, host plant, and prior host plant experience on fecundity, rate of oviposition and mortality of adults and larval survival of Delia radicum Bouche (Cabbage Maggot (CM)), D. antiqua Meigen (Onion Maggot (OM)), and D. platura Meigen (Seed Corn Maggot (SCM)), were studied on cabbage, onion and bean plants.<br>An optimum density for maximum fecundity per female was observed when the four experimental densities were compared. This optimum density was higher on host than on non-host plants. CM females were host specific and did not oviposit on non-host plants. Rates of oviposition and mortality over a 30-day period were calculated for each density. The rate of oviposition was slower at higher densities on host plants for CM, OM and SCM. The rate of mortality increased at the highest density for CM (cabbage), OM (bean) and SCM (cabbage), but remained unaffected for OM on onion and cabbage and for SCM on onion and bean, when densities were compared. For OM, a delay in the rate of oviposition and mortality on cabbage (non-host plant) when compared with onion (host plant), suggests that cabbage was not as readily accepted as an oviposition site. Interspecific competition experiments at six density ratio's of SCM:OM indicated increased fecundity, or an increase in the rate of oviposition for OM, at the lower densities when single and mixed species were compared. For SCM no effects on fecundity were recorded, but the rate of oviposition was slower and rate of mortality faster at the lowest density in the presence of OM. Similar studies with SCM and CM showed no such effects of competition.<br>Host plant exposure of SCM females during the pre-oviposition period resulted in a delay in initial acceptance of subsequent host plants as oviposition sites. This happened only when females were exposed to a secondary host during the pre-oviposition period. Once oviposition began, host discrimination ceased and a switch in oviposition sites to the preferred host did not alter the rate of oviposition. In CM, the rate of larval development increased at density 6 (optimum density). Above this density a decrease in the rate of development and a significant reduction in pupal weight was observed. Time required for fly emergence was not affected by increasing larval densities.
8
Wakgari, Waktola (Waktola Muleta). "Biology, ecology and management of white wax scale, Ceroplastes destructor Newstead (Hemiptera: Coccidae), on citrus and syzygium." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51637.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2000.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The population density of the white wax scale, Ceroplastes destructor Newstead, has
increased since 1994 in certain areas of Western and parts of Eastern Cape Provinces of
South Africa where citrus is grown, particularly on Citrus reticulata (Blanco). A study
was conducted to investigate its morphology, biology and ecology as contributions to the
development of a sound integrated management programme.
Characteristics of the immature stages and adult females were described and
illustrated from field-collected and slide-mounted specimens. A key to the different
stages and morphometeric characteristics useful for separating them are provided. No
significant differences in female fecundity were found between orchards (P > 0.05).
However, fecundity varied significantly between female size classes from the same
orchard (P < 0.001). Female body-size also differed significantly between orchards (P <
0.05) and was significantly positively correlated with fecundity (P < 0.01). C. destructor
has one discrete generation per year in South Africa. Oviposition commenced in
November and continued through to the end of December with a few females ovipositing
until mid January. Population density of the second instar peaked in February while the
third instar extended from March to the end of July, followed by a peak population of
adults in August. Seven primary and three secondary parasitoids, as well as four predator
species attacking C. destructor were identified. Aprostocetus (= Tetrastichus)
ceroplastae (Girault) was the dominant species, accounting for 78.87% of the total
primary parasitoids reared. Peak numbers of parasitoids and predators were synchronized
with peak emergence of susceptible scale stages, indicating that the host-parasitoid/predator system contained a density-dependent regulatory mechanism. Key
mortality factors varied slightly between two of the orchards. Key stage mortality
determined from a cohort life table was generally in the third instar (LIlI) and preovipositional
female (POF) stage. Significant density-dependent mortality factors were
demonstrated for the first instar (LI) and PDF stage.
Dispersal of C. destructor is by first instar nymphs and the numbers caught on a
series of yellow sticky traps varied significantly between crawler densities at the source,
trap distances and trap directions from the source (P < 0.001). The numbers caught were
positively correlated to the initial crawler density at the source (P < 0.01), suggesting that
dispersal was density dependent. Trap distance and the numbers caught were inversely
correlated (P < 0.01). Evaluation of effects of different densities of C. destructor on
growth, survivorship and reproduction of scales as well as on leaf bearing ability of trees
and area of leaf surface covered with sooty mould fungus was carried out on naturally
infested Syzygium (= Eugenia) malaccensis (L.) plants. Scale body size and fecundity
were inversely related to scale density (P < 0.01), suggesting density-dependent
intraspecific competition. Scale survivorship generally declined with increasing density
whereas scale parasitism and predation were positively correlated with density (P < 0.05).
At high scale densities production of new leaves was significantly reduced (P < 0.01),
reducing the resource base for subsequent generations of scale. Scale density and leaf
area covered with sooty mould fungus were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.05).
The toxicity of four synthetic insecticides against the three immature stages of C.
destructor and of eight insecticides against the parasitoid A. ceroplastae was evaluated.
Development of the first and second instars of C. destructor was completely arrested by the chemicals. Female fecundity, fertility and body sizes of survivors of treatments
applied at the LIII stage were not significantly affected by any of the chemicals (P >
0.05). All the chemicals exhibited high toxicity to A. ceroplastae and hence are not
recommended for integrated management of C. destructor in citrus orchards where A.
ceroplastae plays an important role.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die populasiedigtheid van die witwasdopluis, Ceroplastes destructor Newstead, het
sedert 1994 toegeneem in sekere gebiede van die Weskaap en Ooskaap provinsies van
Suid-Afrika waar sitrus verbou word, veralop Citrus reticulata (Blanco). 'n Studie van
hierdie insek se morfologie, biologie en ekologie is onderneem as bydrae tot die
ontwikkeling van 'n geïntegreerde bestuursprogram.
Die karaktertrekke van die onvolwasse stadia en die volwasse wyfies is beskryf
en geïllustreer vanaf eksemplare wat in die veld versamel is en op g1asplaatjies
gemonteer is. 'n Sleutel vir die verskillende stadia en morfometriese kenmerke wat nuttig
is om hulle te onderskei, word voorsien. Geen beduidende verskille in die vrugbaarheid
van wyfies van verskillende boorde is gevind nie (P < 0.05). Vrugbaarheid het egter
betekenisvol verskil by die verskillende grootteklasse van wyfies uit dieselfde boord (P <
0.001). Die liggaamsgrootte van wyfies uit verskillende boorde het betekenisvol verskil
(P < 0.05) en was betekenisvol positief gekorreleer met vrugbaarheid (P < 0.01). C.
destructor het een generasie per jaar in Suid-Afrika. Eierlegging het in November begin
en aangehou tot aan die einde van Desember, met enkele wyfies wat nog tot in middel
Januarie eiers gelê het. Die populasiedigtheid van die tweede instar het 'n hoogtepunt in
Februarie bereik, terwyl die derde instar van Maart tot aan die einde van Julie geduur het,
gevolg deur 'n piekbevolking van volwassenes in Augustus. Sewe primêre en drie
sekondêre parasitoïde asook vier predator spesies wat C destructor aanval, is
geïdentifiseer. Aprostocetus (=Tetrastichus) ceroplastae (Girault) was die dominante
spesies wat 78.87% van die totale aantal primêre parasitoïde wat uitgeteel is, uitgemaak het. Die pieke in die getalle van parasitoïde en predatore was gesinchroniseer met pieke
in die verskyning van die gevoelige stadia, wat dui op die aanwesigheid van 'n
digtheidsafhanklike regulatoriese meganisme. Die sleutel mortaliteitsfaktore het effens
gevarieer tussen twee van die boorde. Die sleutelstadium van mortaliteit, soos bepaal
m.b.v. 'n kohort lewenstabel, was gewoonlik die derde instar (LIlI) en die preoviposisionele
wyfie (POW). Betekenisvolle digtheidsafhanklike mortaliteitsfaktore IS
aangetoon vir die eerste instar (LI) en die POW.
Die verspreiding van C.destructor vind plaas deur die eerste instar nimfe en die
getalle wat op 'n reeks van taai geel valle gevang is, het betekenisvol gewissel volgens
kruiperdigthede by die bron, asook die afstand en rigting van die valle vanaf die bron (P
< 0.001). Die getalle wat gevang is, was positief gekorreleer met die aanvanklike
kruiperdigtheid by die bron (P < 0.01), wat daarop dui dat verspreiding
digtheidsafhanklik was. Die afstand van die valle en die aantal wat gevang is, was
omgekeerd gekorreleer (P < 0.01). 'n Evaluering van die invloed van verskillende
digthede van C. destructor op die groei, oorlewing en reproduksie van dopluise, asook
die vermoë van bome om blare te dra en die area van die blaaroppervlak wat met
roetskimmel besmet is, is uitgevoer op plante van Syzygium (= Eugenia) malaccensis (L.)
met 'n natuurlike besmetting. Die liggaamsgrootte en vrugbaarheid van die dopluise was
omgekeerd gekorreleer met hulle digtheid (P < 0.01), wat dui op digtheidsafhanklike
intraspesifieke kompetisie. Die oorlewing van die dopluise het oor die algemeen
afgeneem met toenemende digtheid, terwyl parasitisme en predasie positief gekorreleer
was met digtheid (P < 0.05). By hoë dopluisdigthede het die produksie van nuwe blare
betekenisvol afgeneem (P < 0.01), wat die hulpbronbasis vir daaropvolgende generasies van dopluise verswak. Die dopluisdigtheid en blaaroppervlak wat met roetskimmel bedek
was, was positief gekorreleer (P < 0.05).
Die toksisiteit van vier sintetiese insektemiddels teenoor die drie onvolwasse
stadia van C. destructor en van agt insektemiddels teenoor die parasitoïd A. ceroplastae
is geëvalueer. Die ontwikkeling van die eerste en tweede instars van C. destructor is
heeltemal stopgesit deur die middels. Die fekunditeit, fertiliteit en liggaamsgrootte van
wyfies wat toedienings op die LIIl stadium oorleef het, is nie betekenisvol ge-affekteer
deur enige van die middels nie (P < 0.05). Al die middels was baie toksies teenoor A.
ceroplastae en word dus nie aanbeveel vir die geïntegreerde bestuur van C. destructor
waar A. ceroplastae 'n belangrike rol speel nie.
9
Rodriguez, Juan Jose. "Movement and Accumulation of Candidatus Liberibacter Solanacearum in Potato Plants." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26726.
Full textAbstract:
A new disease affecting potatoes was first detected in Mexico in 1993. Affected plants had aerial symptoms similar to those caused by potato purple top and psyllid yellows, but tubers had internal brown discoloration when sliced and dark stripes and streaks when processed to produce potato chips. The disease has been found in many potato production areas in Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, New Zealand and the United States. The disease, termed Zebra Chip (ZC), has been associated with the presence of heavy infestations of the potato-tomato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli). In 2009, a research group in New Zealand discovered that a new disease in tomato and pepper plants was caused by Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (Lso) and subsequently this same bacterium was associated with ZC in potato samples from Texas. The objectives of this study were: to assess the accumulation of Lso in various potato organs, to determine the effect of plant age on detection of Lso, symptom development and plant death, and (iii) to determine the effect of phosphorous acid on the development of ZC. Results from these studies showed significant differences in Lso populations between above and below ground tissues of the potato plant, with Lso populations in stolons and tubers being three to four times higher than those of leaf tissue and over seventy times greater than in stems. Time for detection of Lso by PCR in potato leaves of different ages at the time of inoculation ranged from 21 to 26 days after inoculation, symptoms development took 23 to 36 days. Plant death, took 24 to 47 days in plants of different age groups at the time of inoculation. In plants 15 weeks old at the time of inoculation, Lso was detected after 14 days in one plant out of 18; in plants 16 weeks old at the time of inoculation, Lso was detected after seven days in two plants out of 18. Phosphorous acid applications had no effect on the populations of Lso in potato tubers, onset of symptoms or plant death. All tubers showed ZC symptoms, making them unacceptable for the market.<br>North Dakota State University. Department of Plant Pathology
10
Kawchuk, Lawrence Michael. "Molecular characterization of potato leafroll luteovirus and development of genetically engineered resistance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30684.
Full textAbstract:
Complementary DNA (cDNA) clones representing approximately 5800 nucleotides of potato leafroll virus (PLRV) genomic RNA were generated, restriction-mapped, and partially sequenced. Within one of the cDNA clones an open reading frame (ORF) that could encode a 23 kDa protein was identified and further characterized. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence with the coat protein amino acid sequence of the PAV strain of barley yellow dwarf luteovirus (BYDV-PAV) showed significant similarity. This observation together with its size and internal location within the genome suggested that this gene encoded the PLRV coat protein. Other similarities were observed between PLRV and BYDV sequences in this region of their genomes, including a 17 kDa ORF within the ORF encoding the 23 kDa coat protein, and termination of the latter with an amber codon which is immediately followed by a large ORF in the same reading frame.
Three PLRV coat protein gene sequences were used to transform tobacco and the potato cultivars 'Desiree' and 'Russet Burbank' via Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfers. One construct possessed 12 nucleotides of the untranslated leader sequence 5' to the putative coat protein gene start codon. The other construct, which was also inserted in the reverse orientation to produce negative-sense RNA, had 192 nucleotides from this leader sequence. When these sequences were introduced as chimaeric genes under the control of a duplicated cauliflower mosaic virus 35S (CaMV) promoter, transcription levels were high.
Both positive-sense transcripts produced potato leafroll coat protein which accumulated to maximum levels of approximately 0.5% and 0.01% of total leaf protein in tobacco and potato, respectively.
Results show that significant levels of inoculum concentration-independent sustained resistance were obtained with each construct, resulting in PLRV titres as low as 1% of the level observed in untransformed plants, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Virus transmission from PLRV-inoculated transgenic 'Russet Burbank' was reduced substantially and was correlated with virus titre. The pattern and level of protection were the same for constructs producing positive- and negative-sense RNA, suggesting a similar mechanism of resistance. Virus levels were negatively correlated to transcript levels within the transgenic plants. This resistance will have practical applications for the control, of PLRV. Elucidation of the mechanism of resistance may also help understand the mechanisms of virus infection.<br>Land and Food Systems, Faculty of<br>Graduate
Books on the topic "Diseases and pests"
2
Andrew, Halstead, and Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain), eds. Pests & diseases. London: Dorling Kindersley, 1997.
Find full text
3
Andrew, Halstead, and Royal Horticultural Society, eds. Garden pests & diseases. London: Mitchell Beazley, 1992.
Find full text
4
Society, American Horticultural, ed. Pests and diseases. New York: Dorling Kindersley, 2000.
Find full text
5
Books, Sunset, ed. Garden pests & diseases. Menlo Park, Calif: Sunset Pub. Corp., 1993.
Find full text
7
Sumner, Daniel A., ed. Exotic Pests and Diseases. Ames, Iowa, USA: Blackwell Publishing Company, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470290125.
Full text
8
Gair, R. Cereal pests and diseases. 4th ed. Ipswich, [England]: Farming Press, 1987.
Find full text
9
Sathe, T. V. Sugarcane pests and diseases. Delhi, India: Manglam Publications, 2009.
Find full text
10
Society, American Orchid, ed. Orchid pests and diseases. West Palm Beach, Fla. (6000 S. Olive Ave., West Palm Beach 33405): The Society, 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Diseases and pests"
1
Thompson, Anthony Keith, and Ibok Oduro. "Diseases and pests." In Yams: botany, production and uses, 76–90. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249279.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This chapter describes the different diseases and pests that affect yams and various methods for their control. It particularly covers the following aspects: field fungal diseases; postharvest fungal diseases; specific fungal diseases; control of fungal diseases; bacterial diseases; viral diseases; physiological disorders; insect pests; and nematode pests.
2
Laksono, N. D., U. Setiawati, F. Nur, M. Rahmaningsih, Y. Anwar, H. Rusfiandi, B. P. Forster, E. H. Sembiring, A. S. Subbarao, and H. Zahara. "Pests and diseases." In Nursery practices in oil palm: a manual, 77–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242140.0077.
Full text
3
Tayal, Mukesh K., and T. P. S. Chauhan. "Silkworm Diseases and Pests." In Industrial Entomology, 265–89. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3304-9_9.
Full text
4
Hunsigi, Gururaj. "Weeds, Pests and Diseases." In Advanced Series in Agricultural Sciences, 144–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78133-9_8.
Full text
5
Lebot, V. "Cassava: pests and diseases." In Tropical root and tuber crops: cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids, 73–88. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243369.0073.
Full text
6
Lebot, V. "Yams: pests and diseases." In Tropical root and tuber crops: cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids, 293–307. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243369.0293.
Full text
7
Lebot, V. "Aroids: pests and diseases." In Tropical root and tuber crops: cassava, sweet potato, yams and aroids, 406–19. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789243369.0406.
Full text
8
Sipes, B., and A. P. de Matos. "Pests, diseases and weeds." In The pineapple: botany, production and uses, 269–94. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393302.0269.
Full text
9
Thompson, A. K., R. K. Prange, R. D. Bancroft, and T. Puttongsiri. "Pests, diseases and disorders." In Controlled atmosphere storage of fruit and vegetables, 64–74. Wallingford: CABI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786393739.0064.
Full text
10
Sipes, Brent, and Koon-Hui Wang. "Pests, diseases and weeds." In Handbook of Pineapple Technology, 62–88. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118967355.ch4.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Diseases and pests"
1
Liu, Ran, Haiyang Yang, Xiaotian Zhang, and Jingjing Yang. "Classification of Cashew Nut Pests and Diseases Based on EfficientNetv2-S." In 2024 2nd International Conference on Machine Vision, Image Processing & Imaging Technology (MVIPIT), 140–44. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/mvipit65697.2024.00032.
Full text
2
Bavishi, Chirag, and Nagamma Patil. "Comprehensive Deep Learning Approach for Identifying Plant Nutrient Deficiency, Diseases and Pests." In 2024 15th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT), 1–5. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt61001.2024.10724796.
Full text
3
Wang, Junling, Dongyang Wu, and Yupeng Wang. "IoT Meets Computer Vision: An Improved Detection of Tomato Pests and Diseases." In 2024 IEEE International Conferences on Internet of Things (iThings) and IEEE Green Computing & Communications (GreenCom) and IEEE Cyber, Physical & Social Computing (CPSCom) and IEEE Smart Data (SmartData) and IEEE Congress on Cybermatics, 118–23. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ithings-greencom-cpscom-smartdata-cybermatics62450.2024.00041.
Full text
4
Chavhan, Pranali, Akshada Bhoir, Gayatri Ghone, and Vijayshri Khedkar. "Unlocking the Agricultural Potential: Exploring AI’s Role in Mitigating Risks of Pests and Diseases." In 2024 8th International Conference on Computing, Communication, Control and Automation (ICCUBEA), 1–6. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccubea61740.2024.10774659.
Full text
5
Zanin, I. "PERSPECTIVES ON THE APPLICATION OF ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES AND NEURAL NETWORKS FOR COMBATING FOREST PESTS AND DISEASES IN THE FOREST MANAGEMENT SECTOR OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION." In CHALLENGING ISSUES IN SYSTEMS MODELING AND PROCESSES, 328–33. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2025. https://doi.org/10.58168/cismp2024_328-333.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the prospects of applying modern technologies, such as neural networks, drones, and artificial intelligence (AI), to combat pests and diseases in the forest management sector of the Russian Federation. Pests and forest diseases are one of the main threats to Russian forest ecosystems, especially in the context of climate change. The article describes current methods of addressing these issues, including mechanical, biological, and chemical approaches, as well as their advantages and disadvantages. It also discusses international experiences in applying technologies to fight forest diseases. Special attention is given to how the integration of neural networks and AI can enhance the efficiency of forest resource management, reduce the damage from diseases, and improve the prediction of pest outbreaks.
6
Lisboa, Eduardo, Givanildo Lima, and Fabiane Queiroz. "Coffee Leaf Diseases Identification and Severity Classification using Deep Learning." In Anais Estendidos da Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2021.20039.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we propose a method for automatic identification and classification of leaf diseases and pests in the Brazilian Arabica Coffee leaves. We developed a Machine Learning model, trained with the BRACOL public image dataset, to evaluate if a given image of a leaf has a disease or pest — Miner, Phoma, Cercospora and Rust — or if it is healthy. We then compared our model with other famous and well-known classification models, and we were able to achieve an accuracy of 98,04%, which greatly exceeds the accuracy of the other methods implemented. In addition, we developed an assessment to perform a classification related to the percentage of each leaf that is affected by the disease, achieving an accuracy of approximately 90%.
7
Munkvold, Gary P. "Managing Diseases and Pests with Seed Treatments." In Proceedings of the 16th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-893.
Full text
8
Tumang, Gina S. "Pests and Diseases Identification in Mango using MATLAB." In 2019 5th International conference on Engineering, Applied Sciences and Technology (ICEAST). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceast.2019.8802579.
Full text
9
Deepa, A. R., Mousmi Ajay Chaurasia, S. Bala Naga Vamsi, B. Manoj Kumar, V. Srinnivas Reddy, and K. Trilok Anand. "Plant Diseases and Pests Detection Using Machine Learning." In 2023 3rd Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asiancon58793.2023.10270264.
Full text
10
Kulikov, M. A., A. N. Kulikova, and A. V. Goncharov. "Resistance of sunflower hybrids to herbicides, diseases, pests and weeds." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-158.
Full textReports on the topic "Diseases and pests"
1
Solomon, J. D., T. D. Leininger, A. D. Wilson, R. L. Anderson, L. C. Thompson, and F. I. McCracken. Ash pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury, and chemical injury. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-096.
Full text
2
Solomon, J. D., T. D. Leininger, A. D. Wilson, R. L. Anderson, L. C. Thompson, and F. I. McCracken. Ash pests: a guide to major insects, diseases, air pollution injury, and chemical injury. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-gtr-96.
Full text
3
Amanor, Kojo, Joseph Yaro, Joseph Teye, and Steve Wiggin. Ghana’s Cocoa Farmers Need to Change Gear: What Policymakers Need to Know, and What They Might Do. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/apra.2022.008.
Full textAbstract:
Cocoa farmers in Ghana face increasing challenges. In the past, many of them could make a living from cocoa thanks to the advantages – ‘forest rents’ – that initially apply when forest is cleared to create cocoa farms: fertile soils, few pests and diseases. With time, however, weeds invade, pests and diseases build up, and trees age. To maintain production requires more labour, more inputs and more skill. In the past, farmers would often abandon older groves and seek new forest to clear. As they did so, the frontier for cocoa farming moved westwards across Ghana to the remaining high forest. But by 2000 or so, no new forest was available. Farmers now have to manage aging stands of trees, clear weeds and parasites, and combat pests, fungi and diseases. In Suhum District in the east and in Juaboso District in the far west of Ghana, we talked to farmers. They understood the challenges they faced, and knew how to deal with some of them. But many were not farming their cocoa as well as they could, losing yields and income as a result. This brief provides a basis for policymakers to move forward in responding to the current challenges facing cocoa farmers.
4
Rohlfs, Ryann. A Comprehensive Resource for Sudden Death Syndrome Biology, Associated Pests and Diseases, and Management in Soybean. Iowa--Ames: Iowa State University, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.31274/cc-20250502-51.
Full text
5
Kosiba, Alexandra, Emma Tait, Gene Desideraggio, Alyx Belisle, Clarke Cooper, and James Duncan. Threats to the Urban Forest: The potential economic impacts of invasive forest pests and diseases in the Northeast. Forest Ecosystem Monitoring Cooperative, June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18125/8w9j42.
Full text
6
Davis, Cristina, Amots Hetzroni, Alexander Aksenov, Michael J. Delwiche, Victoria Soroker, and Victor Alchanatis. Development of a universal volatile compound detection technology for early recognition of pests and diseases in fruit trees. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600016.bard.
Full text
7
Tzin, V., B. Dilkes, and H. Sela. Identifying molecular markers for defense metabolites against aphid feeding in wild emmer wheat. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2021.8134174.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Bread wheat is the second most important food crop, providing calories to half of the world population and roughly one-fifth of the calories and protein consumed by people worldwide. Crop losses to insect pests depress yields and climate change is expected to significantly increase this problem. To combat global food insecurity, the protection of crops from insect pests must be prioritized. The Bird cherry-oat aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi, is the most abundant and economically important cereal pest, causes up to 40-60 % yield loss through direct feeding and vectoring plant diseases. The main goal of this project was to identify molecular markers associated with aphid resistance and defense metabolite levels in wild emmer wheat (WEW). During the three years of this project, we screened a large number of WEW accessions and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) analysis. We experimented with data processing and explored different GWAS models, which revealed a massive number of determinants of aphid resistance and highlighted hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thus, we focused on a small subset of genes that linked to the most significant SNPs. By the end of this collaboration, we have a list of important SNPs, and three major genes that we believe have a strong effect on wheat resistance to aphids. Work on these genes is continuing and will soon publish our exciting new results.
8
Audsley, Neil, Gonzalo Avila, Claudio Ioratti, Valerie Caron, Chiara Ferracini, Tibor Bukovinszki, Marc Kenis, et al. Pine Processionary Moth, Thaumetopoea pityocampa (Denis & Schiffermüller). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240228697.
Full textAbstract:
The pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa; PPM) is native to southern Europe, North Africa and parts of the Middle East, but has expanded northwards into several European countries. The larvae feed on conifer needles, causing severe defoliation and weakening trees, making them more susceptible to other pests and diseases. The urticating setae of older larvae pose significant health risks to humans and animals, causing skin and respiratory issues. While no classical biological control programs specifically target PPM, several natural enemies show promise. Key parasitoids include the egg parasitoids Baryscapus servadeii and Ooencyrtus pityocampae, the larval parasitoid Phryxe caudata and the pupal parasitoids Villa brunnea and Coelichneumon rudis. These parasitoids exhibit variable parasitism rates depending on region and conditions. Additionally, the ground beetle Calosoma sycophanta has been used in augmentative releases for control, demonstrating potential for classical biological control in areas where it does not naturally exist.
9
Thomas, Samuel, Elaine Baker, Kamal Aryal, Kristina Thygesen, Rajendra Dhakal, Oshin Sharma, and Anna Sinisalo. Towards Climate Resilient Agriculture in Nepal: Solutions for smallholder farmers. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), December 2024. https://doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1077.
Full textAbstract:
Nepal, one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, is facing severe impacts from climate change, particularly in its agricultural sector, which employs two-thirds of the population and contributes more than a quarter of the nation’s GDP. Smallholder farmers, the backbone of this sector, are grappling with rising temperatures, erratic monsoon patterns, droughts, and increasingly frequent extreme weather events. Adapting to these challenges through Climate-Resilient Agriculture (CRA) is essential to ensuring food security and safeguarding the livelihoods of millions. CRA incorporates nature-based practices, such as biological pest control and organic fertilization, alongside modern technologies like digital agroadvisory services and advanced weather forecasting. These strategies aim to stabilize crop yields and farmers’ incomes amid climate variability. With many men migrating for work, the feminization of labour in agriculture has created opportunities for women to take on leadership roles in farm management. For CRA to be effective, increased support in resources, insurance, and government subsidies is crucial. The Green Resilient Agriculture Productive Ecosystems (GRAPE) project, led by ICIMOD, focuses on developing socially inclusive, climateresilient agricultural technologies in Nepal’s Karnali and Sudurpashchim provinces. Through 19 community learning centres, the project empowers local smallholder farmers by facilitating on-farm experiments and action research, enabling them to witness the effectiveness of CRA firsthand. GRAPE emphasizes gender equality and equitable resource access, promoting gender-friendly tools and encouraging women’s participation in digital services and collaborative research. Through action research, GRAPE has tested over 40 climate-resilient agricultural technologies designed to foster resilience to climate change. These innovative, nature-based strategies address soil degradation as well as plant pests and diseases. The project has engaged more than 2,500 smallholder farmers, the majority of whom are women. Water scarcity in rain-fed farming areas presents another pressing challenge, prompting farmers to adopt innovative conservation methods. Access to renewable energy is transforming agriculture for many who previously relied on non-electric methods. Solar-powered and hybrid energy initiatives are enhancing productivity and promoting economic stability. This book illustrates the power of a bottom-up approach that prioritizes farmers’ needs. Witnessing the benefits of action research motivates farmers to adopt climate-resilient technologies. However, continued support from local experts is essential to help them navigate ongoing challenges. To boost food security in Nepal, it is crucial to implement incentive mechanisms, increase local expert guidance, and enhance access to information through digital agro-advisory services and workshops. On a broader scale, developing national strategies to improve agricultural productivity, connect farmers to markets, and increase subsidies for CRA and renewable energy is essential. Building institutional capacity in CRA through educational integration and prioritizing relevant research will further support farmers in successfully implementing climate-resilient practice
10
Livensperger, Carolyn. Vegetation and Soil Trends, Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park and Curecanti National Recreation Area, 2011–2022. National Park Service, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36967/2309325.
Full textAbstract:
In 2011, the Northern Colorado Plateau Network (NCPN) began long-term monitoring of vegetation and soils in upland communities at Black Canyon of the Gunnison National Park (BLCA) and Curecanti National Recreation Area (CURE). Managers wanted to understand conditions in sagebrush shrublands, aspen forests, pinyon-juniper woodlands, and Gambel oak shrublands. These four vegetation types are associated with a range of management concerns. These include suitable habitat conditions for the threatened Gunnison sage-grouse, planning for livestock grazing management, responses to disturbances (e.g., fire, plant diseases, and insect pests), wild ungulate usage and community responses to different climate conditions. The primary goals of monitoring are to track the status of these vegetation types and identify trends that describe changes over time. Status and trend of vegetation and soil indicators were analyzed for the 2011 – 2022 monitoring period. Key findings from this analysis are: 1) In both grazed and ungrazed sagebrush shrublands, total grass cover was stable. However, in grazed sagebrush, native perennial grasses decreased over time while non-native perennial grasses increased. 2) Most elements of Gunnison sage-grouse structural habitat guidelines were within recommended ranges in both grazed and ungrazed sagebrush shrublands; however, forb cover was lower than recommended. 3) Native perennial grass cover, primarily cool-season grasses, decreased in three of four vegetation types. Aspen forests were the only vegetation type with stable grass cover. 4) Pinyon-juniper woodlands maintained stable density and cover of overstory trees, saplings, and seedlings. Non-native plant cover was low and non-native plant frequency decreased. However, native perennial grass cover also decreased. 5) Aspen forests are in decline. Overstory trees and saplings experienced mortality and decreased canopy closure. Non-native plants, primarily perennial species, had high but stable cover. 6) Gambel oak shrublands show resistance to change. Gambel oak and other shrub cover and density remained stable over time but native perennial grasses decreased. 7) Actual evapotranspiration and water deficit predicted vegetation and soil response well. Water deficit or actual evapotranspiration in June, the month with lowest precipitation, was associated with declines in native perennial grasses in sagebrush shrublands, Gambel oak shrublands, and pinyon-juniper woodlands. Future changes in these water balance variables will influence conditions in all vegetation types.