Academic literature on the topic 'Diseases of Affluence'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diseases of Affluence"
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Swafford, S. "Diseases of affluence hit developing nations." BMJ 314, no. 7091 (May 10, 1997): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1365d.
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Olejnik, Alicja, and Agata Żółtaszek. "Spatial Approach to Diseases of Affluence Epidemiology and Regional Economic Development." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2016-0035.
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Abstract Diseases of affluence (of the 21st c.) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states (where diseases of poverty are more common). Therefore, it has been indicated that it is civilizational progress that makes us sick. On the other hand, substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and the cutting-edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective preventions, diagnostics, and treatment of diseases of poverty and of affluence. Therefore, a dilemma arises: is progress making us sick or curing us? To evaluate the influence of country socioeconomic and technological development on population health, a spatial analysis of the epidemiology of diseases of affluence and distribution of economic resources for European NUTS 2 has been performed. The main aim of this paper is to assess, how regional diversity in the prevalence of diseases of affluence is related to the regional development of regions.
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Leong, Rupert W., Nikola Mitrev, and Yanna Ko. "Hygiene Hypothesis: Is the Evidence the Same All Over the World?" Digestive Diseases 34, no. 1-2 (2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442922.
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Background: The hygiene hypothesis refers to where modern living conditions are responsible for the increasing incidences of immune-related diseases including the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Improved hygiene may result in decreased enteric microbiota diversity and dysbiosis, which may be responsible for the development of IBD. Key Messages: The rising incidence of IBD is well documented in developing regions of the world, in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis. What is unknown, however, is whether the hygiene hypothesis is applicable all over the world. Hygiene cannot be easily measured and proxy markers need to be used. These include regional data such as a country's gross domestic product or an individual's affluence or exposure to infection risk factors. A comparative case-control study of Caucasian Australian IBD subjects versus migrants from the Middle East to Australia identified that environmental risk factors are different in the 2 populations. Among Australian Caucasians, hygiene-related environmental risk factors are no longer relevant in the development of IBD. Given the country's high affluence, there has been high hygienic standard for several generations. However, migrants from less affluent countries exposed to hygiene-related environmental factors are at increased risks of developing IBD, especially in the second generation migrants born in the affluent country. Divergent risk factors include the use of antibiotics in childhood increasing the risk of IBD in developed societies but being a risk factor for developing IBD in migrants. In India, risk factors associated with infections were found to be positively associated with the development of ulcerative colitis, rather than protective. Conclusions: The hygiene hypothesis is not applicable to all populations worldwide, being most relevant in societies undergoing increasing affluence or following migration from less to more affluent countries. This review examines data from around the world that link the hygiene hypothesis with the development of IBD and in particular the divergent results arising from data from affluent countries versus less-affluent countries.
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Żółtaszek, Agata, and Alicja Olejnik. "Economic Development and the Spread of Diseases of Affluence in EU Regions." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 5, no. 331 (January 19, 2018): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.331.02.
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Diseases of affluence (diseases of the twenty‑first century, Western diseases) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states. Therefore, it has been indicated that it is the civilizational progress (directly or indirectly via changes in lifestyle, diet, physical activity, stress, etc.) that stimulates epidemic outbreaks of some illnesses (cancer, diseases of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, diabetes, mental disorders). On the other hand substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and cutting‑edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of these diseases. The European Union as a whole, as well as all its member states and their regions, may be considered “highly developed” in terms of economy. Does it, however, mean that EU can be perceived as homogeneous as far as the diseases of affluence epidemiology is concerned? Are the relatively small differences in economic regional development (compered to worldwide inequalities) a significant factor in the spatial distribution of the diseases of affluence? To evaluate the possible dispersion in the epidemiology of some of the so called Western diseases and their relation to regional development, tools of spatial statistics have been incorporated. The research covers 261 EU NUTS 2 regions for the years 2003–2010. This research may provide some insight into the existence of hypothetical diseases of affluence as well as help recognize spatial patterns of prevalence and mortality rates for these illnesses.
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Novotny, Thomas E. "Why We Need to Rethink the Diseases of Affluence." PLoS Medicine 2, no. 5 (May 3, 2005): e104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020104.
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Fukuda, Yoshiharu. "Are the Rich More Likely to Have Diseases of Affluence?" Iryo To Shakai 22, no. 1 (2012): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4091/iken.22.31.
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Van de Poel, Ellen, Owen O’Donnell, and Eddy Van Doorslaer. "Urbanization and the spread of diseases of affluence in China." Economics & Human Biology 7, no. 2 (July 2009): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2009.05.004.
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Campbell, T. Colin, Chen Junshi, Thierry Brun, Banoo Parpia, Qu Yinsheng, Chen Chumming, and Catherine Geissler. "China: From diseases of poverty to diseases of affluence. policy implications of the epidemiological transition." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 27, no. 2 (May 1992): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1992.9991235.
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Olejnik, Alicja Anna, and Agata Żółtaszek. "Spatial Econometric Approach to Modelling of Selected Western Diseases." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 6, no. 332 (February 2, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.332.03.
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For years now, developed countries face an epidemic of high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol, risk factors related to heart and circulatory disease, and a suite of psychological disorders ranging from depression, anxiety, to compulsive behaviours. These health risks have traditionally been associated with affluence, however by 2008 there is no clear link between national income and these diseases. E.g. according to Danaei, there was no relationship between national income and blood pressure in men, and in women blood pressure was even higher in poorer countries. This paper provides an in depth analysis of this correlation, applying spatial econometrics tools. The spatial aspect of the prevalence of western diseases does not seem to be obvious and, to our knowledge, is not widely explored in the literature. In particular, the paper investigates the spatial processes of selected diseases of affluence in regions of the European Union. The research covers 261 NUTS 2 regions for the period 2003–2010. This study provides the spatial analysis of circulatory and mental health disorders. In our opinion, the presented spatial econometric approach may constitute an important contribution to the field of epidemiology.
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Buková, Alena, Agata Horbacz, Ladislav Kručanica, and Mária Majherová. "Physical activity and lifestyle of older adults in the context of diseases of affluence." Physical education, sports and health culture in modern society, no. 2(46) (June 30, 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2019-02-61-65.
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Introduction. In this study, we focused on physical activity of older adults and their lifestyle in the context of diseases of affluence. We monitored the most common physical activity performed by older adults, weekly frequency of the chosen physical activity, together with the prevalence of diseases of affluence and the assessment of the life quality of older adults. Methods. The study group comprised active older adults (n=35) who performed regular physical activity two and more times weekly, with two times a week under the supervision of an experienced instructor, and inactive older adults (n=35) whose physical activities consisted of only short walks and irregular exercise. Results. We found a lower prevalence of diseases of affluence among active older adults compared to the inactive. The differences are significant, especially in peripheral vascular disorders, osteoporosis, and diabetes. However, a statistically significant difference was only found in problems with blood pressure. Half of the inactive older adults reported that the diseases had restricted their physical activity, but they did not feel the need for any additional physical exercise. As we assumed, a significantly higher number of active older adults was recorded in the group with higher life quality. Conclusion. We agree with opinions of professionals in the field who recommend PA to be a natural and everyday part of a daily routine not only in younger age groups but also in retirement. There is a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in older adults, and therefore, they should understand the importance and meaning of PA in alleviating the irreversible process of aging.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diseases of Affluence"
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MacDonald, Tara. "Ignoring a Silent Killer: Obesity & Food Security in the Caribbean (Case Study: Barbados)." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23229.
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Obesity and obesity-related diseases – such as type 2 diabetes – have become the most crucial indicators of population health in the 21st century. Formerly understood as ‘diseases of affluence’, obesity is now prevalent in the Global South posing serious risk to socioeconomic development. This is particularly true for rapidly developing countries where nutrition transitions are most apparent. There are many factors which impact on risk of obesity (e.g. gender, culture, environment, socioeconomic status, biological determinants). The problem is further aggravated within small island developing states where food security is exacerbated by factors associated with globalization and development. The thesis examines the surge of obesity and type 2 diabetes within Caribbean populations, using Barbados as a case study. A holistic approach was applied using an ecological health model. Moving away from the lifestyle model, the theoretical framework underpinning included sub-theories (e.g. social constructivism, feminism, post-colonial theory, concepts of memory and trauma).
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Mitáčková, Ivana. "Životní styl pedagogů na vybraných školách." Master's thesis, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-343181.
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This theses focuses on lifestyle of teachers at chosen primary and high schools. The thesis deals with issue of teacher's lifestyle at primary and high schools in two parts. The first part focuses on the theory related with healthy and unhealthy lifestyle and the second one deals with the practice research. The theory focuses on these terms: the health, the determinants of health, the lifestyle, the moves-activity, the nourishment, the psychic hygiene and the lifestyle diseases. The practical part contains the research which is accomplished using questionnaire survey. The main target is getting information about teacher's lifestyle at chosen schools It was fulfilled and we discovered the teachers at schools in Vlašim, Domažlice, Prague and Bělá nad Radbuzou are trying to live healthy, even though not all of them like this lifestyle. On the basis of these results was created a special lecture intended for the participants of our questionnaire survey.. KEY WORDS: Lifestyle, diet, sport, obesity, teacher, diseases of affluence
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DUBOVÁ, Marie. "Využití metod výuky v ošetřovatelské praxi se zaměřením na prevenci civilizačních chorob." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-154229.
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Diseases of affluence are those that accompany any given society at any given time. The best "treatment" for diseases of affluence is prevention, which in nursing practice can be achieved by using appropriate teaching methods. One of the diseases of affluence is tooth decay. Recent studies have shown a significant decrease in oral hygiene amongst children. The result is an increase in tooth decay which has a negative impact on the secondary dentition. Prevention should include increasing children?s awareness of their own health and learning effective teeth cleaning with the help of their parents. The role of nurses in primary prevention of oral health of children is indispensable and includes various educational activities. This thesis is focused on the use of appropriate teaching methods of tooth decay prevention in nursing practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a prevention programme called ?A Healthy Tooth?. This programme was aimed at children in kindergarten and pupils in the first four years of primary schools. Its aim was to increase their skills and knowledge of preventing tooth decay. It was also aimed at parents of the children who were trained in this programme. To achieve the purposes of this thesis we used a methodological triangulation technique which enabled us to examine the impact of the programme by applying several different methods. The following methods were used: a questionnaire for parents and children, interviews with children and direct observation of children while they were cleaning their teeth. The questionnaire for parents and children consisted of six closed questions about the issue of tooth decay prevention. The questionnaires were anonymous and were compiled for the purposea of this thesis. The questionnaires were distributed to the children with a written consent from their parents. The research sample for the quantitative survey of parents included parents of children from kindergartens and primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. 130 questionnaires were distributed, 128 (98 %) of completed questionnaires were returned and none of them were discarded. The research sample for the quantitative investigation of children included children from kindergartens and the first four years of primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. With the consent of the parents, 24 children from kindergartens and 108 children from primary schools were interviewed. 132 (100%) questionnaires were classified for further evaluation. The data were evaluated using Microsoft Excel charts. To verify the hypotheses, we used a test of independence ? chi-square ? using a PivotTable. For the semi-structured interviews with children, we created a schedule of questions. The central topic of the interview was tooth decay and its prevention. Interviews with children were conducted with the written consent of their parents and were anonymised. Direct observation of children during toothbrushing was conducted to explore the method and sequence of cleaning their teeth. It was noted in the answer sheet and photographs were taken with the consent of the parents of the respondents. The research sample for the qualitative survey consisted of ten children ? five children from kindergartens in Jindřichův Hradec and five children from primary schools in Jindřichův Hradec. The data were processed in the SmartArt diagrams and tables using Microsoft Office Word 2007. The results of the survey helped determine the depth of knowledge and skills in the tooth decay prevention of children. It showed some positive effects of the use of appropriate teaching methods in the effectiveness of the prevention programme in nursing practice. It also contributed to the improvement of dental health in the child population.
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TRAJKOVA, Andrea. "Pohybová aktivita seniorů s diabetes mellitus II. typu." Master's thesis, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-189293.
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This thesis deals with the topic of "Physical Activity of Seniors with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus". The theoretical part characterizes terms relating to old age, its symptoms and health problems associated with it; type 2 diabetes mellitus; physical activity playing an essential role in the prevention; and non-pharmacological treatment of this disease. The practical part focuses on monitoring physical activities of seniors with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To collect the data for the research a standardized IPAQ long questionnaire was used. A selected group was monitored using Yamax Digiwalker SW 700 pedometers as regards to the number of steps they made. The obtained results were analyzed and compared with the recommendations for physical activities.
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Papież, Anna. "Integrative data analysis methods in multi-omics molecular biology studies for disease of affluence biomarker research." Rozprawa doktorska, 2019. https://repolis.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=59005.
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Papież, Anna. "Integrative data analysis methods in multi-omics molecular biology studies for disease of affluence biomarker research." Rozprawa doktorska, 2019. https://delibra.bg.polsl.pl/dlibra/docmetadata?showContent=true&id=59005.
Full textBooks on the topic "Diseases of Affluence"
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Banerjee, Amitava, and Kaleab Asrress. Prevention of cardiovascular disease. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0343.
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The global scale of the cardiovascular disease epidemic is unquestionable, with cardiovascular disease causing a greater burden of mortality and morbidity than any other disease, regardless of country or population. With demographic change and ageing populations, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors is set to increase. The commonest cardiovascular diseases are atherosclerotic, affecting all arterial territories. The ‘burden of disease’ approach has highlighted the fact that cardiovascular disease and non-communicable diseases are not simply diseases of affluence but affect people of all countries, with enormous costs in terms of public health, healthcare, and overall economies. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of mortality in all regions of the world apart from sub-Saharan Africa, followed by cerebrovascular disease. It should be noted, however, that there has been a major decline in cardiovascular disease mortality in Western Europe, the US, and Japan over the past 40 years. There are multiple factors underlying these favourable trends but understanding the epidemiology and characterizing individual risk factors for cardiovascular disease has been central in formulating preventive and treatment strategies. The INTERHEART study showed that 90% of cardiovascular risk can be explained by nine easily identifiable risk factors; an awareness of these, and the discovery of novel factors, will continue to serve in the fight to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease. Geoffrey Rose first championed population-wide approaches versus strategies which target only high-risk individuals. Prevention aims to ‘catch the disease’ upstream, therefore delaying, reducing, or eliminating the risk of coronary artery disease. Surrogate markers for coronary artery disease have emerged in efforts to detect disease at earlier stages, and in order to better understand the pathophysiology. For example, coronary artery calcium scoring is emerging as a marker of future risk of coronary artery disease. Risk stratification scores are increasingly used as tools to individualize a person’s future risk of coronary artery disease in order to better target treatment and prevention strategies.
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Bhopal, Raj S. Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198833246.001.0001.
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Coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, collectively cardiovascular disease (CVD), are caused by narrowing and blockage of the arteries supplying the heart and brain, respectively. In type 2 diabetes (DM2) insulin is insufficient to maintain normal blood glucose. South Asians have high susceptibility to these diseases. Drawing upon the scientific literature and discussions with 22 internationally recognized scholars, this book focuses on causal explanations and their implications for prevention and research. Genetically based hypotheses are considered together with the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHAD) family of hypotheses. The book then considers how CHD, stroke, and DM2 are closely linked to rising affluence and the accompanying changes in life-expectancy and lifestyles. The established causal factors are shown to be insufficient, though necessary, parts of a convincing explanation for the excess of DM2 and CVD in South Asians. In identifying new explanations, this book emphasizes glycation of tissues, possibly leading to arterial stiffness and microcirculatory damage. In addition to endothelial pathways to atherosclerosis an external (adventitial) one is proposed, i.e. microcirculatory damage to the network of arterioles that nourish the coronary arteries. In addition to the ectopic fat in their liver and pancreas as the cause of beta cell dysfunction leading to DM2, additional ideas are proposed, i.e. microcirculatory damage. The high risk of CVD and DM2 in urbanizing South Asians is not inevitable, innate or genetic, or acquired in early life and programmed in a fixed way. Rather, exposure to risk factors in childhood, adolescence, and most particularly in adulthood is the key. The challenge to produce focused, low cost, effective actions, underpinned by clear, simple, and accurate explanations of the causes of the phenomenon is addressed.
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Hjalgrim, Henrik, Ellen T. Chang, and Sally L. Glaser. Hodgkin Lymphoma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190238667.003.0039.
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Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a malignant neoplasm of the lymphatic system. The malignant cell clone derives from germinal center B lymphocytes in ~98% of cases, the rest being of T-lymphocyte origin. Each year, HL is diagnosed in roughly 66,000 individuals worldwide. HL is curable with modern therapy in the vast majority of patients, with five-year survival rates exceeding 90% for early-stage disease. However, so far this excellent prognosis has been achieved at the expense of a high incidence of severe long-term treatment complications such as secondary malignancies, and endocrine and cardiovascular diseases. In affluent Western countries, HL occurrence follows a distinctive and unusual bimodal age distribution, with one incidence peak among adolescents and younger adults and another in older adults. In socioeconomically less affluent populations, in contrast, the adolescent and younger-adult incidence peak is less pronounced, whereas incidence of HL in young boys may be higher than in affluent populations.
Book chapters on the topic "Diseases of Affluence"
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Southgate, D. A. T. "Dietary Fibre and the Diseases of Affluence." In A Balanced Diet?, 117–41. London: Springer London, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-1652-3_7.
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Wilson, Helen, Diana Calcraft, Cai Neville, Susan Lanham-New, and Louise R. Durrant. "Bone Health, Fragility and Fractures." In Perspectives in Nursing Management and Care for Older Adults, 115–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63892-4_9.
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AbstractAchieving and maintaining skeletal health throughout the life trajectory is essential for the prevention of bone diseases such as rickets, osteomalacia and osteoporosis. Rickets and osteomalacia are usually a result of calcium and/or vitamin D deficiency, causing softening of bones and bone pain, and both conditions are treatable with calcium and vitamin D supplementation. Osteoporosis is a multifaceted disease mainly affecting older people, and its pathogenesis (and hence treatment) is more complex. Untreated osteoporosis results in fragility fractures causing morbidity and increased mortality.Nutrition is one of many factors that influence bone mass and risk of bone disease. Developing a nutritional sciences approach is a feasible option for improving bone health.The importance of adequate calcium and vitamin D in ensuring skeletal integrity throughout the life course has a sound evidence base. Poor vitamin D status in population groups of all ages is widespread across many countries (including affluent and non-affluent areas). Public health approaches are required to correct this given the fact that vitamin D is not just required for musculoskeletal health but also for other health outcomes.Dietary protein may be beneficial for bone due to its effect of increasing insulin-like growth-factor-1 (IGF-1). Recent meta-analyses show that dietary protein has a beneficial role to play in bone health at all ages.Other nutritional factors and nutrients (such as potassium, magnesium, vitamin K and acid-base balance) are also likely to have an important role in bone health, though the literature is less clear in terms of the association/relationship and more research is required.
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"Diet and the diseases of affluence." In Introduction to Nutrition and Metabolism, 205–41. CRC Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420055962-10.
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Wahlqvist, Mark L. "Immune function, infection and diseases of affluence." In Food & Nutrition, 625–34. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003115663-41.
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"Affluence, Obesity, and Non-communicable Diseases in India." In Diets, Malnutrition, and Disease, edited by Raghav Gaiha, Raghbendra Jha, and Vani S. Kulkarni, 166–89. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198099215.003.0008.
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Bhopal, Raj S. "Socio-economic development and the demographic and epidemiological transitions: effects on psychosocial circumstances and lifestyles." In Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes, 122–38. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198833246.003.0006.
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Diabetes mellitus, CHD, and ischaemic, but not haemorrhagic stroke, are closely linked to rising affluence and the accompanying changes in life expectancy and in lifestyles. These changes take place in the context of the demographic and epidemiological transitions. These phenomena could explain the rise in diabetes, CHD, and stroke in populations including South Asians but not why the rates of these diseases exceed those in populations who are already at an even more advanced stage in these transitions. Changes in psychosocial status, including the stresses of migration, social change, and work patterns and lifestyle accompanying these transitions have been especially rapid in the South Asian diaspora. The recent high-heat cooking hypothesis, which proposes South Asians’ cooking styles produce atherogenic substances including advanced glycation products and trans-fatty acids, illustrates how affluence and behaviours might influence disease. Together, these general explanations set the stage to examine specific risk factors.
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C. Williams, Adrian, and Lisa J. Hill. "Inequality: The Dangers of Meat Haves and Have-Nots in a Nicotinamide-Adenine-Dinucleotide World." In Meat and Nutrition. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96748.
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Our evolution and recent history can be seen as a “World Hunt” for meat as part of an omnivorous diet. Meat contains key micronutrients namely Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) and methyl-donors with deficits causing pellagra, an archetypal disease of poverty. Inequality is a leading ultimate risk factor invoked in the aetiology of common diseases let alone threats from climate change and pandemic triggered catastrophes. We hypothesize that the origin of inequality was our evolutionary and nutritional move from equal to unequal sharing of the meat supply some 10–20 thousand years ago. High meat intake may have bioengineered powerful ruling classes and lower intake the proletariat with higher fertility, but inferior (brain) health. A fairer quantity of a safer meat intake in future should moderate global variances of fertility, height, health, and prosperity. Death rates of acute infections including emergent zoonoses (such as COVID-19) and chronic infections (such as TB) should fall as might the incidence of some diseases of affluence. Meat justice by improving human capital could make redundant superficial markers, such as skin colour, used to discriminate against peoples and heal a divided world.
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C. Williams, Adrian, and Lisa J. Hill. "Poverty and Pellagra’s Penumbras." In B-Complex Vitamins - Sources, Intakes and Novel Applications. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.100001.
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Pellagra has largely been forgotten. This is unfortunate as important lessons are to be learnt about the diseases and social and economic consequences of poverty – and for the root cause of poverty (and of affluence) – that involve dietary nicotinamide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) homeostasis. NAD disruption can occur not only from poor diet but from increased consumption from genotoxic, infectious and metabolic stresses. NAD deficiency is closely linked to poor physical and intellectual development, premature ageing and diseases of ageing. Acute infections, many with NAD-consuming toxins, that may differentially affect the NAD-depleted, now include COVID-19. Some Covid manifestations, such as myoclonic encephalopathy and “Long Covid,” resemble pellagra clinically and biochemically as both have disturbed nicotinic and tryptophan metabolism. Symbionts that supply nicotinic acid, such as TB and some gut micro-organisms, can become dysbiotic if the diet is very deficient in milk and meat, as it is for 1–2 billion or more. High doses of nicotinamide lead to inhibition of NAD-consuming enzymes and excessive induction of nicotinamide-n-methyl transferase (NNMT) with consequent effects on the methylome: this gives a mechanism for an unrecognised hypervitaminosis-B3 with adverse effects of nicotinamide overload for consumers on a high meat diet with “fortified” foods and “high energy” drinks. Methods of measuring NAD metabolism routinely for screening the populations at risk of deficiency and in metabolically ill or infectious disease patients should be developed urgently. Successful intervention should improve human capital and prevent many aspects of poverty, reduce discrimination and even the drive to emigrate.
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"Modern affluence: lands of milk and honey." In Human Frontiers, Environments and Disease, 220–49. Cambridge University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139106924.009.
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Mann, J. I., and A. S. Truswell. "Diseases of affluent societies and the need for dietary change." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, edited by Katherine Younger, 1891–902. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198746690.003.0222.
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Nutritional problems of a country depend more upon the stage of technical and economic development than geographical location. People in affluent societies have ready access to food all year round. The diet is typically energy-dense, high in fat and often also in sugar. There are multiple sources of nutritional advice, not all based on sound science. Obesity is the most obvious and important nutritional disease in affluent societies, with comorbidities including type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, some cancers, gallstones, osteoarthritis, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Obese people may also be disadvantaged by social, economic, and psychological effects. Particular dietary constituents promote or protect against coronary heart disease by their effect on cardiovascular risk factors, and some promote or protect against various cancers.
Conference papers on the topic "Diseases of Affluence"
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Simons, Luuk PA, Mark A. Neerincx, and Catholijn M. Jonker. "Health Literature Hybrid AI for Health Improvement; A Design Analysis for Diabetes & Hypertension." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.14.
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Increasingly, front runner patients and practitioners want to use state-of-the-art science for rapid lifestyle based cure of diseases of affluence. However, the number of new health studies per year (>500.000) is overwhelming. How to quickly assess state-of-the-art and use new opportunities for rapid patient DIY (Do-It-Yourself) health improvement? In order to develop a health literature hybrid AI to aid DIY rapid health improvement, we analyze user side functional requirements. A cross case design analysis is conducted for hypertension and T2D (Type 2 Diabetes), two major cardiometabolic conditions in our society. Our analysis shows that current DIY health support is ‘watered down’ advise, prone to medicalizing rather than empowering patients. We propose hybrid AI user requirements and discuss how a 2030 hybrid AI health support system can stimulate new ways of working in health and cure.