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1
Swafford, S. "Diseases of affluence hit developing nations." BMJ 314, no. 7091 (May 10, 1997): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.314.7091.1365d.
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Olejnik, Alicja, and Agata Żółtaszek. "Spatial Approach to Diseases of Affluence Epidemiology and Regional Economic Development." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 16, no. 2 (December 1, 2016): 203–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/foli-2016-0035.
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Abstract Diseases of affluence (of the 21st c.) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states (where diseases of poverty are more common). Therefore, it has been indicated that it is civilizational progress that makes us sick. On the other hand, substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and the cutting-edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective preventions, diagnostics, and treatment of diseases of poverty and of affluence. Therefore, a dilemma arises: is progress making us sick or curing us? To evaluate the influence of country socioeconomic and technological development on population health, a spatial analysis of the epidemiology of diseases of affluence and distribution of economic resources for European NUTS 2 has been performed. The main aim of this paper is to assess, how regional diversity in the prevalence of diseases of affluence is related to the regional development of regions.
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Leong, Rupert W., Nikola Mitrev, and Yanna Ko. "Hygiene Hypothesis: Is the Evidence the Same All Over the World?" Digestive Diseases 34, no. 1-2 (2016): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000442922.
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Background: The hygiene hypothesis refers to where modern living conditions are responsible for the increasing incidences of immune-related diseases including the development of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Improved hygiene may result in decreased enteric microbiota diversity and dysbiosis, which may be responsible for the development of IBD. Key Messages: The rising incidence of IBD is well documented in developing regions of the world, in accordance with the hygiene hypothesis. What is unknown, however, is whether the hygiene hypothesis is applicable all over the world. Hygiene cannot be easily measured and proxy markers need to be used. These include regional data such as a country's gross domestic product or an individual's affluence or exposure to infection risk factors. A comparative case-control study of Caucasian Australian IBD subjects versus migrants from the Middle East to Australia identified that environmental risk factors are different in the 2 populations. Among Australian Caucasians, hygiene-related environmental risk factors are no longer relevant in the development of IBD. Given the country's high affluence, there has been high hygienic standard for several generations. However, migrants from less affluent countries exposed to hygiene-related environmental factors are at increased risks of developing IBD, especially in the second generation migrants born in the affluent country. Divergent risk factors include the use of antibiotics in childhood increasing the risk of IBD in developed societies but being a risk factor for developing IBD in migrants. In India, risk factors associated with infections were found to be positively associated with the development of ulcerative colitis, rather than protective. Conclusions: The hygiene hypothesis is not applicable to all populations worldwide, being most relevant in societies undergoing increasing affluence or following migration from less to more affluent countries. This review examines data from around the world that link the hygiene hypothesis with the development of IBD and in particular the divergent results arising from data from affluent countries versus less-affluent countries.
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Żółtaszek, Agata, and Alicja Olejnik. "Economic Development and the Spread of Diseases of Affluence in EU Regions." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 5, no. 331 (January 19, 2018): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.331.02.
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Diseases of affluence (diseases of the twenty‑first century, Western diseases) by definition should have higher prevalence and/or mortality rates in richer and more developed countries than in poorer, underdeveloped states. Therefore, it has been indicated that it is the civilizational progress (directly or indirectly via changes in lifestyle, diet, physical activity, stress, etc.) that stimulates epidemic outbreaks of some illnesses (cancer, diseases of respiratory and cardiovascular systems, diabetes, mental disorders). On the other hand substantial financial resources, highly qualified medical personnel, and cutting‑edge technology of richer states, should allow for effective prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of these diseases. The European Union as a whole, as well as all its member states and their regions, may be considered “highly developed” in terms of economy. Does it, however, mean that EU can be perceived as homogeneous as far as the diseases of affluence epidemiology is concerned? Are the relatively small differences in economic regional development (compered to worldwide inequalities) a significant factor in the spatial distribution of the diseases of affluence? To evaluate the possible dispersion in the epidemiology of some of the so called Western diseases and their relation to regional development, tools of spatial statistics have been incorporated. The research covers 261 EU NUTS 2 regions for the years 2003–2010. This research may provide some insight into the existence of hypothetical diseases of affluence as well as help recognize spatial patterns of prevalence and mortality rates for these illnesses.
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Novotny, Thomas E. "Why We Need to Rethink the Diseases of Affluence." PLoS Medicine 2, no. 5 (May 3, 2005): e104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020104.
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Fukuda, Yoshiharu. "Are the Rich More Likely to Have Diseases of Affluence?" Iryo To Shakai 22, no. 1 (2012): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4091/iken.22.31.
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Van de Poel, Ellen, Owen O’Donnell, and Eddy Van Doorslaer. "Urbanization and the spread of diseases of affluence in China." Economics & Human Biology 7, no. 2 (July 2009): 200–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2009.05.004.
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Campbell, T. Colin, Chen Junshi, Thierry Brun, Banoo Parpia, Qu Yinsheng, Chen Chumming, and Catherine Geissler. "China: From diseases of poverty to diseases of affluence. policy implications of the epidemiological transition." Ecology of Food and Nutrition 27, no. 2 (May 1992): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03670244.1992.9991235.
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Olejnik, Alicja Anna, and Agata Żółtaszek. "Spatial Econometric Approach to Modelling of Selected Western Diseases." Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica 6, no. 332 (February 2, 2018): 39–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0208-6018.332.03.
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For years now, developed countries face an epidemic of high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol, risk factors related to heart and circulatory disease, and a suite of psychological disorders ranging from depression, anxiety, to compulsive behaviours. These health risks have traditionally been associated with affluence, however by 2008 there is no clear link between national income and these diseases. E.g. according to Danaei, there was no relationship between national income and blood pressure in men, and in women blood pressure was even higher in poorer countries. This paper provides an in depth analysis of this correlation, applying spatial econometrics tools. The spatial aspect of the prevalence of western diseases does not seem to be obvious and, to our knowledge, is not widely explored in the literature. In particular, the paper investigates the spatial processes of selected diseases of affluence in regions of the European Union. The research covers 261 NUTS 2 regions for the period 2003–2010. This study provides the spatial analysis of circulatory and mental health disorders. In our opinion, the presented spatial econometric approach may constitute an important contribution to the field of epidemiology.
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Buková, Alena, Agata Horbacz, Ladislav Kručanica, and Mária Majherová. "Physical activity and lifestyle of older adults in the context of diseases of affluence." Physical education, sports and health culture in modern society, no. 2(46) (June 30, 2019): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.29038/2220-7481-2019-02-61-65.
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Introduction. In this study, we focused on physical activity of older adults and their lifestyle in the context of diseases of affluence. We monitored the most common physical activity performed by older adults, weekly frequency of the chosen physical activity, together with the prevalence of diseases of affluence and the assessment of the life quality of older adults. Methods. The study group comprised active older adults (n=35) who performed regular physical activity two and more times weekly, with two times a week under the supervision of an experienced instructor, and inactive older adults (n=35) whose physical activities consisted of only short walks and irregular exercise. Results. We found a lower prevalence of diseases of affluence among active older adults compared to the inactive. The differences are significant, especially in peripheral vascular disorders, osteoporosis, and diabetes. However, a statistically significant difference was only found in problems with blood pressure. Half of the inactive older adults reported that the diseases had restricted their physical activity, but they did not feel the need for any additional physical exercise. As we assumed, a significantly higher number of active older adults was recorded in the group with higher life quality. Conclusion. We agree with opinions of professionals in the field who recommend PA to be a natural and everyday part of a daily routine not only in younger age groups but also in retirement. There is a higher prevalence of chronic diseases in older adults, and therefore, they should understand the importance and meaning of PA in alleviating the irreversible process of aging.
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Williams, Adrian C., and Lisa J. Hill. "Nicotinamide’s Ups and Downs: Consequences for Fertility, Development, Longevity and Diseases of Poverty and Affluence." International Journal of Tryptophan Research 11 (January 2018): 117864691880228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178646918802289.
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Huryk, Kathryn M., Catherine R. Drury, and Katharine L. Loeb. "Diseases of affluence? A systematic review of the literature on socioeconomic diversity in eating disorders." Eating Behaviors 43 (December 2021): 101548. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101548.
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Ezzati, Majid, Stephen Vander Hoorn, Carlene M. M. Lawes, Rachel Leach, W. Philip T. James, Alan D. Lopez, Anthony Rodgers, and Christopher J. L. Murray. "Rethinking the “Diseases of Affluence” Paradigm: Global Patterns of Nutritional Risks in Relation to Economic Development." PLoS Medicine 2, no. 5 (May 3, 2005): e133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0020133.
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Al-Domi, H. "Paleolithic hunter-gatherers’ dietary patterns: Implications and consequences." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 15, no. 69 (March 30, 2015): 9935–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.69.13400.
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The human diet has passed through several revolutionary changes since the introduction of agriculture, which has led to substantial modifications in individuals’ nutrition behavior. Overwhelming evidence supporting that diet is a key environmental risk factor affecting the now rampant incidence of the diseases of affluence such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and certain types of cancer. Findings on the health implications of low carbohydrate-high protein diet are inconsistent and controversial. Unlike modern humans, it was argued that the eating patterns of the Paleolithic hunter-gatherers could have beneficial effects on human health by reducing diet-induced chronic lifestyle diseases. Hence, the objective of this review was to outline the main aspects of Paleolithic hunter-gatherers’ dietary patterns and its main long-term health consequences. Paleolithic diet is based on the assumption that our hunter-gatherer ancestors were nourished on low carbohydrate-high protein diet. Yet, the majority of literature on Paleolithic diet is anecdotal and reflects two opposite viewpoints. First, advocates and proponents argued that human’s genome could have been modified a little since the early stages of agriculture. Thus, genetically, humans remain Stone Agers adapted for a Paleolithic dietary regimen. As such, consuming a diet similar to that consumed during the Paleolithic era would be more compatible with our genetic makeup and might reduce the occurrence of diet-related lifestyle diseases. Second, critics asserted that the Paleolithic dietary recommendations and restrictions are not evidence-based. Adherents of Paleolithic nutrition claimed that modern populations who maintained Paleolithic lifestyle are totally free of the diseases of affluence. Nonetheless, information about the Paleolithic diet have been drawn from studies of surviving hunter-gatherer populations, archeological records, and analysis of wild plants and animals plus other methods. Recommendations of the Paleolithic nutrition are not based on interventional studies, thus the adoption of which could have negative health consequences. Hence, before adopting low carbohydrate-high protein diet, it seems logical to undertake a well designed population-based longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term health consequences of the Paleolithic nutrition.
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Shapovalova, E. B., S. A. Maksimov, E. V. Indukaeva, and G. V. Artamonova. "Association of stress with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in a population (ESSE-RF in Kemerovo region)." Russian Journal of Cardiology, no. 9 (September 8, 2019): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15829/1560-4071-2019-9-7-13.
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Aim. To assess the prevalence of stress and its association with socio-demographic characteristics, cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the Siberian population.Material and methods. A cross-sectional study was performed in the framework of the Russian multicenter epidemiological study ESSE-RF in the Kemerovo Region in 2013. The presented study included 1628 individuals aged 25 to 64 years. Information was assessed on the presence of stress, some socio-demographic and economic characteristics, a history of CVD, as well as behavioral habits and quality of life. To eliminate the modifying effect of socio-demographic characteristics, a logistic regression analysis was used. The odds ratio (OR) and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.Results. The prevalence of stress was 22,6%; stress was statistically significantly more often recorded in women (28,1%) than in men (11,7%). After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, stress was statistically significantly more often recorded in people with secondary and primary education compared with those with higher education (24,9% and 19,1%, p=0,006), as well as in people with middle and high financial affluence compared with low affluence (24,5% and 11,3%, p<0,001). This association is observed only at the expense of women. For unemployed participants, the stress rate is higher only among males — 18,8% versus 11,4% among workers (p=0,015). Stress was also statistically significantly more often recorded in groups with arterial hypertension, lack of sleep, quality of life on the EQ-VAS scale and on the EuroQol scale. Smokers are more likely to have stress (23,8% vs 22,0%) and have a history of stroke (35,3% vs 22,2%). Among all CVDs and their risk factors, an inverse association of stress with obesity was revealed only in men.Conclusion. Study showed that people with stress are under large load of some cardiovascular risk factors. At the same time, ambiguous associations between stress and arterial hypertension and quality of life were obtained. This confirms the need for further study of the association of stress with other factors of cardiovascular risk, taking into account age and gender and socio-economic characteristics of the population.
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Gachet Páez, Diego, Manuel de Buenaga Rodríguez, Enrique Puertas Sánz, María Teresa Villalba, and Rafael Muñoz Gil. "Healthy and wellbeing activities’ promotion using a Big Data approach." Health Informatics Journal 24, no. 2 (August 4, 2016): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1460458216660754.
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The aging population and economic crisis specially in developed countries have as a consequence the reduction in funds dedicated to health care; it is then desirable to optimize the costs of public and private healthcare systems, reducing the affluence of chronic and dependent people to care centers; promoting healthy lifestyle and activities can allow people to avoid chronic diseases as for example hypertension. In this article, we describe a system for promoting an active and healthy lifestyle for people and to recommend with guidelines and valuable information about their habits. The proposed system is being developed around the Big Data paradigm using bio-signal sensors and machine-learning algorithms for recommendations.
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Holdaway, Jennifer. "Environment and Health Research in China: The State of the Field." China Quarterly 214 (May 13, 2013): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741013000337.
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AbstractIn the context of this symposium, this article reviews social science research in the emerging field of environment and health in China, with a particular focus on the impacts of pollution. It begins with a discussion of the particular nature of China's environment-related health problems, distinguishing the different challenges presented by diseases of poverty, affluence and transition. It then reviews recent developments in policy and civil society with regard to environment and health, and the extent to which work in the social sciences has advanced our knowledge of these and of state–society interactions. The article concludes with some reflections on the need for and challenges of interdisciplinary and international collaboration in this area.
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Scrimshaw, Nevin S. "Nutrition and Health from Womb to Tomb." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 18, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/156482659701800101.
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Fulfilment of the genetic potential of individuals is impaired by malnutrition and other environmental factors throughout life. The impact of nutritional factors in early childhood helps to explain why the known adult risk factors, demonstrable in populations, are poor predictors of cardiovascular disease in individuals. The combined findings of early and later risk factors strengthen the conclusion that the bulk of so-called degenerative diseases and many other functional impairments in adult life occur because of environmental factors, of which diet may be the most important. The apparent increased susceptibility to degenerative diseases of adults born small-for-date suggests that the increase in meat, fat, and calorie consumption with rising affluence is particularly hazardous for formerly poorly nourished populations. Articles confirming the nutritional origins of a wide range of diseases and disabilities at all ages increasingly predominate in the health-related scientific literature. Recognition that so much disease can be prevented or delayed by improved diet and related lifestyles constitutes a new paradigm applicable to the populations of both developing and industrialized countries.
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Grochowska, Ewa, and Robert Jarzyna. "Physical activity in the prevention and treatment of diseases of affluence – the key role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)." Postępy Higieny i Medycyny Doświadczalnej 68 (September 12, 2014): 1114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/17322693.1120930.
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Williams, Adrian C., Lisa J. Hill, and David B. Ramsden. "Nicotinamide, NAD(P)(H), and Methyl-Group Homeostasis Evolved and Became a Determinant of Ageing Diseases: Hypotheses and Lessons from Pellagra." Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research 2012 (2012): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/302875.
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Compartmentalized redox faults are common to ageing diseases. Dietary constituents are catabolized to NAD(H) donating electrons producing proton-based bioenergy in coevolved, cross-species and cross-organ networks. Nicotinamide and NAD deficiency from poor diet or high expenditure causes pellagra, an ageing and dementing disorder with lost robustness to infection and stress. Nicotinamide and stress induce Nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) improving choline retention but consume methyl groups. High NNMT activity is linked to Parkinson’s, cancers, and diseases of affluence. Optimising nicotinamide and choline/methyl group availability is important for brain development and increased during our evolution raising metabolic and methylome ceilings through dietary/metabolic symbiotic means but strict energy constraints remain and life-history tradeoffs are the rule. An optimal energy, NAD and methyl group supply, avoiding hypo and hyper-vitaminoses nicotinamide and choline, is important to healthy ageing and avoids utilising double-edged symbionts or uncontrolled autophagy or reversions to fermentation reactions in inflammatory and cancerous tissue that all redistribute NAD(P)(H), but incur high allostatic costs.
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Pandey, M. M., Subha Rastogi, and A. K. S. Rawat. "Indian Traditional Ayurvedic System of Medicine and Nutritional Supplementation." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/376327.
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Food is the major source for serving the nutritional needs, but with growing modernization some traditional ways are being given up. Affluence of working population with changing lifestyles and reducing affordability of sick care, in terms of time and money involved, are some of the forces that are presently driving people towards thinking about their wellness. There has been increased global interest in traditional medicine. Efforts to monitor and regulate traditional herbal medicine are underway. Ayurveda, the traditional Indian medicine, remains the most ancient yet living traditions. Although India has been successful in promoting its therapies with more research and science-based approach, it still needs more extensive research and evidence base. Increased side effects, lack of curative treatment for several chronic diseases, high cost of new drugs, microbial resistance and emerging, diseases are some reasons for renewed public interest in complementary and alternative medicines. Numerous nutraceutical combinations have entered the international market through exploration of ethnopharmacological claims made by different traditional practices. This review gives an overview of the Ayurvedic system of medicine and its role in translational medicine in order to overcome malnutrition and related disorders.
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Nagpal, Sini, Greg Gibson, and Urko Marigorta. "Pervasive Modulation of Obesity Risk by the Environment and Genomic Background." Genes 9, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes9080411.
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The prevalence of the so-called diseases of affluence, such as type 2 diabetes or hypertension, has increased dramatically in the last two generations. Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have discovered hundreds of genes involved in disease etiology, the sudden increase in disease incidence suggests a major role for environmental risk factors. Obesity constitutes a case example of a modern trait shaped by contemporary environment, although with considerable debates about the extent to which gene-by-environment (G×E) interactions accentuate obesity risk in individuals following obesogenic lifestyles. Although interaction effects have been robustly confirmed at the FTO locus, accumulating evidence at the genome-wide level implicates a role for polygenic risk-by-environment interactions. Through a variety of analyses using the UK Biobank, we confirm that the genomic background plays a major role in shaping the expressivity of alleles that increase body mass index (BMI).
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Geissler, Catherine. "China: the soyabean-pork dilemma." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 2 (May 1999): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199000464.
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In 1996 the population of China reached 1.23 billion, 22 % of the world population, and is expected to increase to 1.5 billion by 2020. As China has only 7 % of the world's arable land such population increases are likely to have an important impact on food supply in China and the world. Projections of the potential impact are discussed. The restructuring of Chinese agriculture at the end of the 1970s has led to dramatic increases in agricultural production and food consumption, in particular of animal products, fruit and vegetables. Along with these rapid changes there is evidence of a nutrition transition in which diseases associated with affluence are becoming more prevalent than deficiency diseases. This transition has led to concern about the evolving dietary pattern. The replacement of legumes, including soyabean, by meat and other animal products as rich sources of protein and other nutrients has been controversially argued on grounds of nutritional health, ecological impact, economic effects and world food supply. These arguments are reviewed and the pressures internal and external to China concerning the production and consumption of animal v. legume products are presented. It is concluded that nutritional policies to promote the consumption of soyabean are unlikely to be effective in the context of an increasingly free and global market.
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Tatzber, Franz, Sieglinde Zelzer, Barbara Obermayer-Pietsch, Stefan Rinnerhofer, Michael Kundi, Gerhard Cvirn, Georg Wultsch, et al. "Occupational Health Aspects with Special Focus on Physiological Differences between Office and Metalworkers." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040633.
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Physical workload adversely impacts inflammation, oxidative stress and mood in heavy workers. We compared these risk parameters between metalworkers (n = 20) and office workers (n = 30), including gender differences. Blood samples were analyzed with thirty parameters to overview endocrinology, inflammation, and psychological and oxidative stress. Despite an adequate antioxidative supply, oxidative stress occurred in metalworkers, as indicated by significantly increased peroxide and homocysteine (Hcy) levels. Moreover, increased concentrations were observed in this group regarding psychological stress and diet-related parameters. Sex-specific differences were determined for physical dimensions, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), Hcy, uric acid, triglycerides, osmolality, anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and testosterone. Age-associated differences were observed for DHEAS, glycosylated hemoglobin, adrenaline, AMH and testosterone. In male office workers, the body mass index was associated with increased LDL-HDL, cholesterol-HDL and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In conclusion, these results indicate increased oxidative stress and psychological stress in heavy workers independently of adequate antioxidant sustenance. The sedentary occupation of office workers, in turn, favored diseases of affluence. This might be particularly relevant for long-term occupied persons and older workers due to a hormonal shift coming along, given the risk for oxidative stress-related diseases such as cardiovascular disease, particularly in the case of males, based on their lifestyle habits.
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Darmon, Nicole, and Myriam Khlat. "An overview of the health status of migrants in France, in relation to their dietary practices." Public Health Nutrition 4, no. 2 (April 2001): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn200064.
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AbstractObjectiveTo review studies on the morbidity, mortality and nutrition of migrant populations in France.DesignA systematic search of the bibliographic database Medline, and direct contact with associations and institutions concerned with migrants' health.ResultsIn France, as in other host countries, migrants belong to the lowest socio-economic strata. They have on average better health and lower mortality than the local-born population. Health benefits are particularly noticeable in Mediterranean men, especially for affluence-related diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular diseases. North African men smoke as heavily as the local-born of the same occupational categories, and yet their mortality rates from lung cancer are notably lower. Such a paradox may be the result of a synergy between different phenomena such as the selection of the fittest applicants for immigration and the maintenance of healthy lifestyles from the countries of origin. In contrast, migrant women do not enjoy the same health advantages, possibly because they are less likely to be selected on the basis of their health and because they are often non-working. Adult migrants from southern Europe and North Africa report dietary practices consistent with the typical Mediterranean diet, which is renowned for its positive effects on health.ConclusionsThe diet of Mediterranean adults living in France may partly explain the low rates of chronic diseases and high adult life expectancy observed in migrant men from northern Africa. Information about their diets might provide clues for the design of nutritional education campaigns aimed at low-income people.
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Velemínský, Petr, Miluše Dobisíková, Vítězslav Kuželka, Petra Havelková, Sylva Drtikolová Kaupová, and Jaroslav Brůžek. "Exhumation of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe: verification of identity and determination of cause of death." Journal of the National Museum (Prague), Natural History Series 188, no. 1 (2019): 5–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jnmpnhs-2019-0001.
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Tycho Brahe, noted Danish astronomer and founder of modern astronomy died in Prague in 1691, at the age of 54, and was buried in the Church of the Virgin Mary before Týn. In 2010, at the request of Danish authorities, his remains were exhumed and an investigation into the cause of his death was undertaken, with an aim to addressing speculations of him having been poisoned. This report contains detailed information on the process of the exhumation and results of the subsequent investigation. An anthropological analysis confirmed the authenticity of the remains, that they are actually those of Tycho Brahe, and confirmed the results of an earlier exhumation, done in 1901. Physical chemistry analysis was unable to confirm a lethal or sub-lethal dose of heavy metal poison (Hg). A detailed paleopathological analysis of the skeleton confirmed that Brahe suffered from DISH (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis), which attends Type II diabetes, high blood pressure and obesity (the metabolic syndrome). From period documents describing Tycho Brahe’s lifestyle and his last days, it seems likely that he died of complications resulting from these conditions, today described as diseases of affluence, also referred to as “Western disease”.
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Mironiuk, Katarzyna. "FUNCTIONAL FOOD – A CHALLANGE FOR THE CONSUMER, OPPORTUNITY FOR PRODUCERS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XX, no. 5 (October 18, 2018): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.6694.
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Pro-health trend dominates all over the world, as well in Poland. Nutrition education is present from the early stages of our lives, which gradually creates healthy food conscious consumer. They are led to choose their nutrition in a way to prevent diseases of affluence, therefore there is a need for functional foods. Nowadays, together with the lack of definition of those products and with absence of dedicated to them law, consumers experience problems with identifying this type food correctly. Producers, on the other hand, are obligated to conduct complicated and expensive research to be able to set functional foods on the market. The social attitudes towards necessity and price of those products seems positive. Current feasible trends could be a chance for agribusiness and manufacturers to step in, listen to the consumers doubts and troubles and prepare products that not only would be an answer for markets needs, but also would meet diet recommendations. Such conjoint actions, together with well designed marketing strategy could build a market ready for getting functional food regularly in the future. There is also a need observed among consumers to design special mark, helping in distinguish between functional and conventional products.
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Pruimboom, Leo, Begoña Ruiz-Núñez, Charles L. Raison, and Frits A. J. Muskiet. "Influence of a 10-Day Mimic of Our Ancient Lifestyle on Anthropometrics and Parameters of Metabolism and Inflammation: The “Study of Origin”." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6935123.
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Chronic low-grade inflammation and insulin resistance are intimately related entities that are common to most, if not all, chronic diseases of affluence. We hypothesized that a short-term intervention based on “ancient stress factors” may improve anthropometrics and clinical chemical indices. We executed a pilot study of whether a 10-day mimic of a hunter-gatherer lifestyle favorably affects anthropometrics and clinical chemical indices. Fifty-five apparently healthy subjects, in 5 groups, engaged in a 10-day trip through the Pyrenees. They walked 14 km/day on average, carrying an 8-kilo backpack. Raw food was provided and self-prepared and water was obtained from waterholes. They slept outside in sleeping bags and were exposed to temperatures ranging from 12 to 42°C. Anthropometric data and fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and the study end. We found important significant changes in most outcomes favoring better metabolic functioning and improved anthropometrics. Coping with “ancient mild stress factors,” including physical exercise, thirst, hunger, and climate, may influence immune status and improve anthropometrics and metabolic indices in healthy subjects and possibly patients suffering from metabolic and immunological disorders.
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Kindo, Bikrant, Rana Himanshu, K. Parmar, S. Dube, and J. Ramesh. "Socioeconomic and demographic trends in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in India." Journal of Social Health and Diabetes 04, no. 02 (December 2016): 090–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2321-0656.188001.
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AbstractNoncommunicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, are not passed from person to person. They are of long duration and generally slow progression. The four main types of NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (such as heart attacks and stroke), cancers, chronic respiratory diseases (such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma), and diabetes. The rapid demographic and epidemiologic transition that India is facing today is paralleled by a massive increase in NCD prevalence, of which diabetes remains the most dominant. Besides genetic and environmental factors, an increase in life expectancy, urbanization, influenced unhealthy lifestyle changes, affluence associated with dietary excess, and reduced physical activity appear to be major drivers for increased burden of diabetes in India. Inappropriate nutrition and physical inactivity lead to obesity, a positive predictor for diabetes. Moreover, early onset of diabetes accompanied by prevailing poverty, low awareness, and poor health consciousness across socioeconomic and demographic strata is reflected in the large burden of undiagnosed cases of diabetes. In addition, reversal of socioeconomic gradient of disease burden observed in India can have serious health and financial implications on individual and healthcare system, which, if left unaddressed, may result in an adverse impact on the nation's economy. Keeping in view, a major shift in India's burden of disease, there is an imperative need for robust, systematic measures for data reporting supported by effective public healthcare interventions to reduce the burden of diabetes. Comprehensive multisectoral actions prioritizing identification of risk factors, early diagnosis, and effective implementation of cost-effective interventions can curb the epidemic of diabetes. A multifaceted approach for implementation of evidence-based policy measures involving various departments of the government and nongovernmental agencies is required to address both preventive and curative aspects of diabetes management. Policies that ensure better surveillance and increase in access to affordable and essential medicines providing universal health coverage should be developed. Policymakers should take lead in the development or strengthening the existing policies and see that they are not only implemented but also evaluated for their effectiveness. A strong commitment from both public and private sectors toward implementation and intensification of population-based prevention strategies through proven programs and policies is required to address the growing burden of diabetes.
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Kulczyński, Bartosz, and Anna Gramza-Michałowska. "The Profile of Carotenoids and Other Bioactive Molecules in Various Pumpkin Fruits (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) Cultivars." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 4, 2019): 3212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183212.
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Bioactive compounds are significant to human nutrition. They are beneficial to health as they inhibit the development of numerous diseases of affluence. Scientists continuously search for natural sources of these components. At present, the chemical composition of various plants is under investigation. Many researchers are interested in pumpkin (Cucurbita L. spp.). Different organs of this plant (pulp, seeds, flowers, leaves, shoots, roots) are consumed almost all over the world. They contain large amounts of bioactive compounds. Pumpkin pulp is used to prepare various dishes. It is also widely used in the food industry for the production of pastries, baked goods, juices, jams, marinades, and baby food. The content of carotenoids in the pumpkin has been documented in a large number of publications. However, so far there has been no complex analysis of the profile of other bioactive compounds. This article analyses 11 pumpkin cultivars of the Cucurbita maxima Duchesne species. It compares the chemical composition of the pulp and analyses the content of bioactive compounds such as carotenoids, polyphenols (flavonols and phenolic acids), tocopherols, minerals (K, Ca, Mg, Na, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn), vitamins (C, B1, folates). In view of available information, the study provides an innovative approach. The analysis showed high diversity in the concentration of individual components between the cultivars. The research proved that pumpkin pulp was not only a source of carotenoids but also other bioactive compounds.
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Bojarczuk, Katarzyna, Anna Mrozek, Marcin Lewicki, and Agata Smoleń. "Physical Activity as a Crucial Determinant of Health." Acta Balneologica 61, no. 3 (2019): 171–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/abal201903103.
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Introduction: Physical activity is an indispensable attribute of human life. Appropriately chosen physical exercises help in the development of human organism, health improvement and preservation. Physical activity is with us for the whole life; it is considered as one of the most important factors having influence on physical and mental development of children and adolescents and in the adulthood – on health state and quality of life. Scientific research has shown that physical activity is usually associated with the significant improvement of functional abilities and health state; it can often prevent or minimise the exacerbation of some diseases. The lack or low physical activity impairs motor activity, physical efficiency and also increases the probability of the diseases of affluence. Aim: The influence of physical activity on health state. Material and Methods: The research method was survey methodology on the subject of physical activity. The survey involved 100 randomly selected people. Among the respondents, there were 20% of children, 25% of adolescents and 55% of adults. Results: The research shows that 42% of respondents take physical exercise two or three times a week, 35% of them claim they exercise once a week, 17% – every day and 6% – never. The most popular physical activity among the respondents were walks (31%) and next – cycling (14%). 90% of the people surveyed consider that physical exercises positively affect human health. 27% of respondents noticed better mood due to physical exercises, 20% of them – higher resistance to colds, and 14% of surveyed noticed higher metabolic rate. Conclusions: 1. Physical activity is more and more popular in each age group. 2. The majority of people surveyed feel the positive effects of physical activity. 3. The adults pay more attention to their body weight than the adolescents. 4. The majority of respondents say they spend their time in an active way.
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Noor, Mohd Ismail. "The nutrition and health transition in Malaysia." Public Health Nutrition 5, no. 1a (February 2002): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/phn2001293.
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AbstractThe accelerated phase of industrialisation and urbanisation in recent decades has inevitably brought about changes in the lifestyle of Malaysians. Changes in dietary habits and sedentary lifestyles are known to be associated with changes in health and increased prevalence of chronic diseases in the population. The objective of this paper is to provide a better understanding of the link between demographic variables and food consumption patterns related to the nutrition transition in Malaysia. This review uses various reports and publications from several ministries and selected local studies. The statistics compiled over the last two decades have shown that as the population achieves affluence, intakes of calories, fats and sugars increase, which may account for the substantial increase in food importation bills over the same period. Similarly, the rapid growth of the fast food industry during the last decade has added another dimension to the change in food consumption patterns of Malaysians. With the exception of a study on adolescents, the prevalences of overweight and obesity in children and adults are not strictly comparable due to the difference in body mass index (BMI) cut-off points in children and the study protocol in adults, and hence should not be misinterpreted as trends. The recent recommendation to lower the BMI cut-off points for Asians would only increase the magnitude of the existing prevalence among adults. The need to promote healthy nutrition for the population must be pursued vigorously, as the escalation of nutrition-related chronic degenerative diseases – once an urban phenomenon – has now spread to the rural population at an alarming rate. This paper indicates that the problem is real and needs urgent attention because it may be just the tip of the iceberg.
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CHIMBINDI, TAKAWIRA. "REMEDYING THE POLLUTION OF ATHI RIVER IN KENYA." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 6 (June 12, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.86.10192.
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The Athi River, which is 390 km before entering the Indian Ocean, is the second-longest river in Kenya. As it flows through the grasslands and valleys of Kenya, the river forms the majestic Fourteen Falls, meanders through Nairobi, and eventually passes through Tsavo National Park, the largest in Kenya. Here, hippopotamus, crocodiles, and pythons are attracted to the river’s waters and the life it carries. Millions of Kenyans rely on the Athi River for drinking water and irrigation. However, the Athi River also receives large amounts of pollution from Nairobi–an area with a population of over four million people. Along with population growth and rapid urbanization, poor solid waste management is emerging as a key risk for health in Kenya. The river is increasingly choking with uncollected garbage; human waste from informal settlements; industrial waste in the form of gaseous emissions, liquid affluence, and solids waste; agrochemicals, and other wastes especially petrochemicals and metals from microenterprises – the hot sun and overflowing sewers. This situation has occasioned the spread of waterborne diseases, loss of sustainable livelihoods, loss of biodiversity, reduced availability and access to safe potable water, and various toxic substances and heavy metal poisoning, affecting human productivity. The paper is not empirically grounded and its content is a result of desktop research and content analysis of literature, images, and news related to pollution. The paper hopes to provoke further deliberations and empirical research on the river.
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Szajerska, Agnieszka, Lech Grzelak, and Mateusz Szostak. "The Occurrence of Pain in the Lumbar Spine in the Professional Group of Nurses." Journal of Neurological and Neurosurgical Nursing 9, no. 2 (June 2020): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15225/pnn.2020.9.2.3.
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Introduction. Back pain syndromes affect people inhabiting every latitude of the globe. They are more or less intense diseases of affluence affecting many professional groups, including nurses. Aim. The aim of the study was to assess the influence of selected risk factors on the occurrence of back pain in the lumbar region among nurses from the Specialist City Hospital in Toruń. Material and Methods. The research was carried out at the Specialist City Hospital (SCH) in Toruń after obtaining the consent of the Bioethics Committee and the hospital management. The study included a group of 165 nurses employed in all organizational units of the hospital. The work uses the method of a diagnostic survey, and two research tools — the original survey and the Oswestry questionnaire. Results. Among the analysed demographic factors, only the age and seniority of the respondents predispose to the occurrence of back pain syndrome (p < 0.05). The BMI index also turned out to be statistically significant (p < 0.05). The statistical relationship (p > 0.05) was not confirmed among other variables such as: gender, work system, physical load, smoking and past spine injuries. Conclusions. Due to the increase in the average age and seniority among nurses, increasing back pain will become their leading health problems. The broadly understood health education in this professional group should be considered in order to reduce the share of overweight and obesity as factors predisposing to back pain syndrome. (JNNN 2020;9(2):65–70) Key Words: spinal pain syndromes, nurses, measurement
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Ng, Kwok, Lilly Augustine, and Jo Inchley. "Comparisons in Screen-Time Behaviours among Adolescents with and without Long-Term Illnesses or Disabilities: Results from 2013/14 HBSC Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 17, 2018): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102276.
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Reducing sedentary behaviours can help prevent non-communicable diseases, particularly among young adolescents with long term illnesses or disabilities (LTID). Much of young people’s voluntary sedentary time is related to screen-time behaviours (STBs) such as TV viewing, playing computer games, and using the computer for other activities. Although public health data on adolescents’ STB is growing, information about adolescents with LTID is currently lacking in a European context. The purpose of this study is to compare time on STBs between adolescents with and without LTID in European Countries through the HBSC 2013/14 study. Young adolescents (n = 61,329; boys 47.8%) from 15 European countries reported the time spent on TV viewing, playing computer games, and using the computer for other purposes on weekdays and the weekend. STBs were dichotomised based on international recommendations of less than 2 h per day, and Chi-square tests of independence were performed to investigate differences. STB time was combined to produce a sum score as dependent variable in multiple analysis of covariance with age and family affluence as covariates. There were statistically significant differences in computer gaming among boys and other computer use among girls for both weekdays and weekends, whereby adolescents with LTID reported higher use. In addition, both boys and girls with LTID spent more time on STBs than their same sex peers without LTID (Boys, F = 28.17, p < 0.001; Girls, F = 9.60, p = 0.002). The results of this study indicate a need for preventive strategies to address high levels of STB among young adolescents with LTID and reduce the risk of poor health outcomes associated with higher levels of sedentary behaviour.
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Řepka, Emil. "POHYBOVÁ AKTIVITA SENIORŮ S DIAGNÓZOU DIABETES MELLITUS II. TYPU." Studia sportiva 11, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2017-2-3.
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Today’s society is confronting with a huge increase of noninfectious (affluence) diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes mellitus etc. and high prevalence of obesity and overweight. In all economically advanced countries the population is getting older. The problem of health and its determinant such as physical activity is getting more frequently not only credited term but one of the basic mainstays of healthy lifestyle too. The healthy lifestyle is one of the possible options of positive change. The Study has a descriptive character, the main aim was to analyze the volume of physical activity in seniors with diagnoses Diabetes mellitus type II. Further aim was to compare volume of physical activity between persons of different gender, age, BMI and type of disease treatment. Persons with diagnoses Diabetes mellitus type II. were involved into research sample. Research conducted on 40 respondents aged 60 to 70 years in České Budějovice from March to July 2013. Pedometers YAMAX SW-700 were used to determine the volume of physical activity. Five probands had to be excluded from the research sample due to uncompleted hebdomadal observation by pedometer. Hence, 21 women and 14 men were included into final data set. Women achieved 6132 steps/day and men achieved 6412 steps/day in the sample of persons diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type II. According to classification Tudor-Locke and Bassett (2004), 57 % of men and 76 % of women fell into „low active“category. For people diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type II there were not found any differences in the volume of physical activity between men and women, younger and older seniors, persons with normal weight, overweight or obesity, neither in persons with difference type of disease treatment. With respect to the findings, walking might be appropriate physical activity for persons diagnosed with Diabetes mellitus type II. Cooperation between physiotherapists, instructors of physical activity and attending physicians (practitioners, diabetologist, doctor of sports medicine) etc. is necessary and essential for long-term effect. For using the physical activity as a non-pharmacological remedy, there is important that diabetics understand the importance of physical activity and parameters which evaluated volume and intensity of physical activity
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Brand-Miller, Janette C., and Susanne H. A. Holt. "Australian Aboriginal plant foods: a consideration of their nutritional composition and health implications." Nutrition Research Reviews 11, no. 1 (June 1998): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/nrr19980003.
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AbstractFor at least 40–50 000 years, plants played an important but supplementary role in the animal-dominated diet of Australian Aboriginal (AA) hunter-gatherers. New knowledge of the nutrient composition and the special physiological effects of their foods provides another perspective in the current debate on the composition of the ‘prudent’ diet and the diet on which humans evolved. In the present paper we have calculated the average nutrient composition of over 800 Aboriginal plant foods (in total and by food group) and highlighted the differences between these and modern cultivated foods. The data enable us to calculate the absolute contribution of plant foods to total food and nutrient intake of traditional living AA. If plants provided 20–40% of the energy in the diet (the most likely range), then plants would have contributed 22–44g protein, 18–36g fat, 101–202g carbohydrate, 40–80g fibre and 90–180mg vitamin C in a 12500kJ (3000 kcal) diet. Since all the carbohydrate came from plant foods, the traditional AA diet would have been relatively low in carbohydrate (especially starch) but high in dietary fibre in comparison with current recommendations. Over half the carbohydrate could have been in the form of sugars derived from fruit and honey. The low glycaemic index of their carbohydrate foods, however, would generate a relatively low demand for insulin secretion and this characteristic may have protected AA from a genetic predisposition to insulin resistance and its consequences (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, obesity). The dietary pattern and active lifestyle of recent hunter-gatherers such as AA may be a reference standard for modem human nutrition and a model for defence against diseases of affluence.
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Luhar, Shammi, Poppy Alice Carson Mallinson, Lynda Clarke, and Sanjay Kinra. "Trends in the socioeconomic patterning of overweight/obesity in India: a repeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data." BMJ Open 8, no. 10 (October 21, 2018): e023935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023935.
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ObjectivesWe aimed to examine trends in prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults in India by socioeconomic position (SEP) between 1998 and 2016.DesignRepeated cross-sectional study using nationally representative data from India collected in 1998/1999, 2005/2006 and 2015/2016. Multilevel regressions were used to assess trends in prevalence of overweight/obesity by SEP.Setting26, 29 and 36 Indian states or union territories, in 1998/99, 2005/2006 and 2015/2016, respectively.Participants628 795 ever-married women aged 15–49 years and 93 618 men aged 15–54 years.Primary outcome measureOverweight/obesity defined by body mass index >24.99 kg/m2.ResultsBetween 1998 and 2016, overweight/obesity prevalence increased among men and women in both urban and rural areas. In all periods, overweight/obesity prevalence was consistently highest among higher SEP individuals. In urban areas, overweight/obesity prevalence increased considerably over the study period among lower SEP adults. For instance, between 1998 and 2016, overweight/obesity prevalence increased from approximately 15%–32% among urban women with no education. Whereas the prevalence among urban men with higher education increased from 26% to 34% between 2005 and 2016, we did not observe any notable changes among high SEP urban women between 1998 and 2016. In rural areas, more similar increases in overweight/obesity prevalence were found among all individuals across the study period, irrespective of SEP. Among rural women with higher education, overweight/obesity increased from 16% to 25% between 1998 and 2016, while the prevalence among rural women with no education increased from 4% to 14%.ConclusionsWe identified some convergence of overweight/obesity prevalence across SEP in urban areas among both men and women, with fewer signs of convergence across SEP groups in rural areas. Efforts are therefore needed to slow the increasing trend of overweight/obesity among all Indians, as we found evidence suggesting it may no longer be considered a ‘diseases of affluence’.
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Gambaro, Giovanni, and Alberto Trinchieri. "Recent advances in managing and understanding nephrolithiasis/nephrocalcinosis." F1000Research 5 (April 18, 2016): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.7126.1.
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Urinary stone disease is a very common disease whose prevalence is still increasing. Stone formation is frequently associated with other diseases of affluence such as hypertension, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance. The increasing concentration of lithogenic solutes along the different segments of the nephron involves supersaturation conditions leading to the formation, growth, and aggregation of crystals. Crystalline aggregates can grow free in the tubular lumen or coated on the wall of the renal tubule. Plugs of crystalline material have been highlighted in the tubular lumen in some patients, but crystalline growth starting from plaques of calcium phosphate within the renal papillae has been demonstrated in others. Urinary supersaturation is the result of a complex interaction between predisposing genetic features and environmental factors. Dietary intake is certainly the most important environmental risk factor. In particular, an insufficient intake of dietary calcium (<600 mg/day) can increase the intestinal absorption of oxalate and the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation. Other possible risk factors that have been identified include excessive intake of salt and proteins. The potential role of dietary acid load seems to play an important role in causing a state of subclinical chronic acidosis; therefore, the intake of vegetables is encouraged in stone-forming patients. Consumption of sugar-sweetened soda and punch is associated with a higher risk of stone formation, whereas consumption of coffee, tea, beer, wine, and orange juice is associated with a lower risk. A high fluid intake is widely recognized as the cornerstone of prevention of all forms of stones. The effectiveness of protein and salt restriction has been evaluated in some studies that still do not allow definitive conclusions to be made. Calcium stone formation can be prevented by the use of different drugs with different mechanisms of action (thiazide diuretics, allopurinol, and potassium citrate), but there is no ideal drug that is both risk free and well tolerated.
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Balejko, Edyta, Jerzy Balejko, and Dominika Plust. "Assessment of the Effect of Dietary Modifications and Bioenteric Intragastric Balloon Treatment on the Changes of Some Morphological and Biochemical Parameters in Obese Patients." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 73, no. 4 (2018): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000493274.
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Obesity is the most common disease of affluence of the XXI century. According to WHO (World Health Organization), it is defined as a chronic metabolic disorder manifested by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue with high tendency for familial occurrence. According to WHO, obesity reaches epidemic proportions in many countries. High BMI (Body Mass Index) correlates with coexisting diseases. Traditional dietetic treatment often does not bring any results. A form of conservative (non-surgical) support for patients in fighting with obesity is the reduction of stomach volume by bioenteric intragastric balloon (BIB) treatment. The aim of the work was to develop a diet with anti-inflammatory properties, well-tolerated by the patients after BIB treatment. An American diet was modified by changing the composition of fatty acids, increasing anti-oxidative potential and adding synbiotics for patients treated with BIB. Chemical analysis of reconstructed food ratios of recommended diet was performed, analysing the content of micronutrients, composition of fatty acids, antioxidative capacity, reducing power and the content of polyphenols. Improvement in anthropometric measurement results and satisfying body weight loss were obtained, while preserving fat-free body mass. Improvement in the parameters of lipid metabolism was also observed, that is, decrease in total CH (cholesterol) and TG (triglycerides), and normalized concentration of HDL (high density lipoproteins) and LDL (low density lipoproteins) fractions. Reduced concentration of glucose in blood and lower blood pressure was also noted. Performed study confirms the effectiveness of complex treatment with BIB and properly adjusted individualized diet. Observations and own experience allow to deduce that patients who resign from systematic contact with a dietician cannot maintain reduced body weight. Abandoning previous habits is the only way to maintain the effect of weight loss. Most importantly, the change in patients’ awareness and consequent behaviour in the future are crucial. Even though genes may contribute to obesity, environmental factors mainly determine the possibility of the disease to occur. Therefore, the change of patients’ lifestyle after body weight reduction will decide on their fate.
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Morawik, Iwona, Aneta Zarębska, Marian Jędrych, Michał Zajko, and Mirosław Jabłoński. "Programmed body weight loss in morbidly obese women and its influence on general physical fitness, knee status and every day life activity." Polish Journal of Public Health 126, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 88–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjph-2016-0018.
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Abstract Introduction. Obesity is a serious health and social problem. Various sources indicate that it affects approx. 20% of the world’s population. It is also counted among the diseases of affluence. Excessive body weight adversely affects a number of systems in the human body, including the locomotor system. Studies have shown that there is a close relationship between obesity and either a dysfunction or osteoarthritis of knee joints. Aim. To evaluate the impact of weight reduction on the basic parameters of the overall capacity of obese women and their well-being. Material and methods. 7 extremely obese women aged 28-51 looking to reduce their body weight participated in the study. The weight reduction program lasted for 12 months and consisted of reported intervention. The validated survey by Johanson was used to assess the performance of the lower limbs. Each tested person filled in 3 surveys of the same kind – the first at the beginning of the research project, the second after losing 20 kg of body weight, and the third after 12 months of weight reduction. Results. There has been a statistically significant decrease in body weight (p=0.002) and BMI (p=0.002) of women surveyed between the specific periods of observation. The pain from the knee joints decreased or was resolved through weight reduction (p=0.004) in the respondents. The participants also started to take less painkillers for knee discomfort (p=0.005). Authors also noted an increase of the walking distance without rest (p=0.01) and less problems while walking upstairs (p=0.004). There was a statistically significant improvement in their self-care for the feet (p=0.003), as well as in the ability to use public transport (p=0.05) or to do shopping (p=0.05). There were no significant differences in the performance of household chores, getting out of bed, using the bath or shower or in need of orthopaedic equipment. Conclusions. Significant weight reduction in obese women proportionally reduces or relieves knee pain and improves their performance. It reduces the need for using analgesics. Weight reduction in obese people has a significant impact on improving the performance of lower limbs.
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Ahmed, Dilruba. "Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases Among Urban Schoolchildren from Affluent Families." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 43, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v43i1.35142.
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Smoking, physical inactivity, obesity, raised blood pressure, low dietary intake of vegetables and fruits have been identified as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The study was aimed to find out the extent of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among adolescent schoolchildren from affluent families of Dhaka city. This cross sectional study was done among 386 students of two English medium high schools during July 2006 to June 2007. Sixty one percent of the sample was boys. The children were of 10-18 years age group (mean=13.5 years). Half of the parents had postgraduate education, fathers mostly businessmen and service holders and mothers were housewives. Moderate physical inactivity at leisure was found among 51% of the study population. Association between moderate physical activity (MPA) at leisure and gender was statistically significant (p <0.001). Furthermore, 34% of the children spent 3 hours or more watching TV and /or using computer in a day. A little over 16% of the children were overweight and 8.5% obese. ‘Ever smoked’ were 16.5% males and 4.0% females. Association between ever smoked and gender was statistically significant (p <0.001). Moreover, 51% children took fruits and 69% took vegetables daily in their diet. Association between intake of fruits and vegetables and gender was not significant. Considering the high level of cardiovascular risk factors among adolescents, in terms of inactivity, overweight, obesity and smoking, population-wide life-style interventions specially focused on adolescents are thus recommended.
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Stein, Joshua D., Chris Andrews, David C. Musch, Carmen Green, and Paul P. Lee. "Sight-Threatening Ocular Diseases Remain Underdiagnosed Among Children Of Less Affluent Families." Health Affairs 35, no. 8 (August 2016): 1359–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1007.
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McCarthy, James S. "Control of intestinal helminths in Indigenous communities." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 5 (2009): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09200.
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Parasite infections, like most other infectious diseases disproportionately affect people living in poverty. Thus, it is no surprise that the prevalence of intestinal helminth infections has remained higher in Indigenous communities in Australia, compared to that observed in more affluent groups in the population.
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Tomasdottir, Margret Olafia, Linn Getz, Johann A. Sigurdsson, Halfdan Petursson, Anna Luise Kirkengen, Steinar Krokstad, Bruce McEwan, and Irene Hetlevik. "Co- and multimorbidity patterns in an unselected Norwegian population: cross-sectional analysis based on the HUNT Study and theoretical reflections concerning basic medical models." European Journal for Person Centered Healthcare 2, no. 3 (July 15, 2014): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.5750/ejpch.v2i3.734.
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Rationale and aims: Accumulating evidence shows that diseases tend to cluster in diseased individuals, so-called multimorbidity. The aim of this study was to analyze multimorbidity patterns, empirically and theoretically, to better understand the phenomenon. Population and methods: The Norwegian population-based Nord-Trøndelag Health Study HUNT 3 (2006-8), with 47,959 individuals aged 20-79 years. A total of 21 relevant, longstanding diseases/malfunctions were eligible for counting in each participant. Multimorbidity was defined as two or more chronic conditions.Results: Multimorbidity was found in 18% of individuals aged 20 years. The prevalence increased with age in both sexes. The overall age-standardized prevalence was 42% (39% for men, 46% for women). ‘Musculoskeletal disorders’ was the disease-group most frequently associated with multimorbidity. Three conditions, strategically selected to represent different diagnostic domains according to biomedical tradition; gastro-esophageal reflux, thyroid disease and dental problems, were all associated with both mental and somatic comorbid conditions. Conclusions and implications: Multimorbidity appears to be prevalent in both genders and across age-groups, even in the affluent and relatively equitable Norwegian society. The disease clusters typically transcend biomedicine’s traditional demarcations between mental and somatic diseases and between diagnostic categories within each of these domains. A new theoretical approach to disease development and recovery is warranted, in order to adequately tackle ‘the challenge of multimorbidity’, both empirically and clinically. We think the concept allostatic load can be systematically developed to “capture” the interrelatedness of biography and biology and to address the fundamental significance of “that, which gains” versus “that, which drains” any given human being.
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HUISA, BRANKO N., ARMANDO E. GONZALEZ, SILVIA RODRIGUEZ, VICTOR C. W. TSANG, LUIS A. MENACHO, ROBERT H. GILMAN, JAVIER A. BUSTOS, and HECTOR H. GARCÍA. "TAENIASIS AND CYSTICERCOSIS IN HOUSEMAIDS WORKING IN AFFLUENT NEIGHBORHOODS IN LIMA, PERU." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 73, no. 3 (September 1, 2005): 496–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2005.73.496.
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Bhuyan, KC. "Discriminating Children and Adolescents of Some Affluent Families of Bangladesh by Prevalence of Non-Communicable Diseases Except Diabetes." Acta Scientifci Nutritional Health 3, no. 8 (July 31, 2019): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31080/asnh.2019.03.0387.
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Khan, M., A. Khan, I. Uddin, M. Hamayun, E. Afzal, A. Ahmad, and M. Tahir. "Evaluation of immunization coverage in an affluent society of Peshawar, Pakistan 2018." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 101 (December 2020): 304–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.796.
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BV, Sumanth. "Chronic Kidney Disease affecting the Characteristics of Blood Pressure: An Observational Study." Journal of Advanced Research in Medicine 08, no. 03 (September 30, 2021): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.7181.202116.
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Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global public-health problem that affects millions of individuals. Despite widespread use of medicines to slow the course of CKD, the burden of end-stage renal disease in many affluent nations remains high. Hypertension is far more frequent in persons with CKD than it is in the general population, and it becomes worse as renal function declines. Controlling blood pressure, which is a controllable risk factor for this complication, may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events and decrease the decline of renal function. Objective: To asses the Characteristics of Blood Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease. Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional Study was conducted at MS Ramaiah Medical College, Bangalore from 1st of January 2018 to 31st of July 2019. A total of 100 Cases were included in the study. Results:In our research, 10% of the participants were under the age of 30. In the research, 33% of the participants had Stage 3 CKD, 35% had Stage 4 CKD, and 32% had Stage 5 CKD. There was a significant difference in mean OSBP and mean ODBP with increasing CKD stage in the research. With rising CKD stage, mean OSBP and ODBP increased. Conclusion: Ambulatory BP measurements revealed a significant degree of overestimation (white coat HTN) and underestimate (masked HTN) of BP among patients with CKD, indicating that adopting ABPM may assist avoid mistakes in BP measurement as well as correct treatment of HTN in CKD.
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Sangha, Kamalpreet Kaur, B. V. Sunil Kumar, Ravi Kant Agrawal, Dipak Deka, and Ramneek Verma. "Proteomic Characterization of Lytic Bacteriophages of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Sewage Affluent of India." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (September 14, 2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/265298.
Full textAbstract:
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes a variety of diseases, including bovine mastitis, which has severe economic consequences. Standard antibiotic treatment results in selection of resistant strains, leading to need for an alternative treatment such as bacteriophage therapy. Present study describes isolation and characterization of a staphylococcal phage from sewage samples. S. aureus isolates obtained from microbial type culture collection (MTCC), Chandigarh, India, were used to screen staphylococcal phages. A phage designated as ΦMSP was isolated from sewage samples by soft agar overlay method. It produced clear plaques on tryptone soya agar overlaid with S. aureus. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the phage had an icosahedral symmetry. It had 5 major proteins and possessed a peptidoglycan hydrolase corresponding to 70 kDa. ΦMSP infection induced 26 proteins to be uniquely expressed in S. aureus. This phage can be proposed as a candidate phage to treat staphylococcal infections.