Academic literature on the topic 'Diseases of the blood system (DBS)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Diseases of the blood system (DBS)"
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Li, Song, Wenjing Pan, Shang-Gin Wu, et al. "T cell receptor repertoire detection from dry blood spots." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (2019): 131.24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.131.24.
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Abstract Immune repertoire amplification of T cell receptors (TCRs) coupled with high throughput sequencing provides detailed insight into the immune system. A common starting sample type is total RNA extracted from whole blood by venipuncture. However, the costs, participant burden, regulatory constraints, and logistics associated with venipuncture and RNA handling are major barriers to clinical application or community-based research on various diseases. This study aims to identify TCR repertoires from dry blood spots (DBS), a method that could help collect real-world data for biomarker applications. Finger-prick blood was collected onto a Whatman filter card, and RNA was extracted from DBS. Fully automated multiplex PCR was performed to generate a TCRβ chain library for next generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of unique CDR3s (uCDR3). According to statistical analysis and laboratory confirmation, forty 2-mm punch disks from the filter cards were enough to detect the shared top clones and have a strong correlation in uCDR3 discovery with whole blood. uCDR3 discovery was not affected by storage temperatures (room temperature or −20°C) or storage durations (1, 14, and 28 days) when compared to whole blood. About 74 – 90% of top 50 uCDR3 clones of whole blood could also be detected from DBS. The DBS-based TCR repertoire profiling method is minimally invasive, provides convenient sampling, and incorporates fully automated library preparation. The system is sensitive to low RNA input, and the results are highly correlated with whole blood uCDR3 discovery allowing study scale-up to better understand the relationship and mutual influences between the immune repertoire and various disease states.
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Gaviglio, Amy, Sarah McKasson, Sikha Singh, and Jelili Ojodu. "Infants with Congenital Diseases Identified through Newborn Screening—United States, 2018–2020." International Journal of Neonatal Screening 9, no. 2 (2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijns9020023.
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Newborn screening (NBS) is a state or territory-based public health system that screens newborns for congenital diseases that typically do not present with clinical symptoms at birth but can cause significant mortality and morbidity if not detected or treated quickly. NBS continues to be one of the most successful public health interventions in the US, providing early detection and intervention to all infants. The increase in overall birth prevalence of core Recommended Uniform Screening Panel (RUSP) diseases detected via dried blood spot (DBS) specimens from 2015–2017 (17.50–18.31 per 10,000) to 2018–2020 (20.07 per 10,000), as reported into the APHL NewSTEPs database, affirms the importance and impact of NBS programs. This report presents aggregate numbers and birth prevalence of diseases detected by DBS on the RUSP from 2018–2020, including data from fifty US states and two territories.
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Longhi, Silvia A., Lady J. García Casares, Arturo A. Muñoz-Calderón, Julio Alonso-Padilla, and Alejandro G. Schijman. "Combination of ultra-rapid DNA purification (PURE) and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for rapid detection of Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in dried blood spots." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 4 (2023): e0011290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011290.
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Background Chagas disease or American trypanosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, is a persistent Public Health problem in Latin America and other, non-endemic, countries. Point-of-care (POC) sensitive methods are still needed to improve and extend early diagnosis in acute infections such as congenital Chagas disease. The objective of this study was to analytically evaluate in the lab the performance of a qualitative POC molecular test (Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), Eiken, Japan) for rapid diagnosis of congenital Chagas disease employing FTA cards or Whatman 903 filter paper as solid supports for small-scale volumes of human blood. Methodology/principal findings We used human blood samples artificially infected with cultured T. cruzi strains to assess the analytical performance of the test in comparison with liquid blood anticoagulated with heparin. The DNA extraction process was evaluated using the ultrarapid purification system PURE manufactured by Eiken Chemical Company (Tokio, Japan) over artificially infected liquid blood or different amounts of dried blood spot (DBS) 3- and 6-mm pieces of FTA and Whatman 903 paper. LAMP was performed on a AccuBlock (LabNet, USA) heater or in the Loopamp LF-160 incubator (Eiken, Japan), and visualization of results was either done at naked eye, using the LF-160 device or P51 Molecular Fluorescence Viewer (minipcr bio, USA). Best conditions tested showed a limit of detection (LoD) with 95% accuracy (19/20 replicates) of 5 and 20 parasites/mL, respectively for heparinized fluid blood or DBS samples. FTA cards showed better specificity than Whatman 903 filter paper. Conclusions/significance Procedures to operate LAMP reactions from small volumes of fluid blood or DBS in FTA were standardized for LAMP detection of T. cruzi DNA. Our results encourage prospective studies in neonates born to seropositive women or oral Chagas disease outbreaks to operationally evaluate the method in the field.
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Rashid, Mamunur, Yashpal S. Chhonker, Sandeep K. Singh, and Daryl J. Murry. "Simultaneous LC-MS/MS Method for the Quantitation of Probenecid, Albendazole, and Its Metabolites in Human Plasma and Dried Blood Spots." Separations 11, no. 7 (2024): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations11070197.
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Millions of individuals throughout the world suffer from lymphatic filariasis (LF), which is a morbid disease caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia timori. These infections belong to tissue-invading nematodes and are one of the major neglected tropical diseases that often result in permanent and enduring disability among individuals in endemic regions. Due to combination therapy, LF eradication has drastically decreased infections globally. The development of blood micro-sampling techniques allowing precise quantitation of drugs in blood would facilitate pharmacokinetic (PK) studies in remote populations. Therefore, an LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method was utilized to analyze albendazole (ABZ), albendazole sulfone (ABZ-ON), albendazole sulfoxide (ABZ-OX), and probenecid (PR) in plasma and dried blood spots. Solid-phase extraction was utilized to extract the analyte from both plasma and blood-spiked DBS. Analytes of interest were eluted with a gradient mobile system using 0.05% formic acid in water (A) and 0.05% formic acid in methanol (B) and separated using a reversed-phase Acquity ®BEH C18 UPLC column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm). Precision and accuracy at each QC level were within the acceptable limit, i.e., ±15% for all analytes in both the matrices. Tests for stability under laboratory and storage conditions indicated that no notable changes were observed for plasma and DBS. The LC-MS/MS method demonstrated its capability to consistently identify all target analytes (ABZ, ABZ-ON, ABZ-OX, and PR) at low concentrations, even at the small specimen volumes obtained from DBS cards. This confirms the efficacy and durability of DBS cards as a micro-sampling technique. Moreover, it enhances collection efforts for therapeutic drug monitoring in remote locations for patients infected with lymphatic filariasis.
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Chen, Yu-si, Kai Shu, and Hui-cong Kang. "Deep Brain Stimulation in Alzheimer’s Disease: Targeting the Nucleus Basalis of Meynert." Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 80, no. 1 (2021): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jad-201141.
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is becoming a prevalent disease in the elderly population. Past decades have witnessed the development of drug therapies with varying targets. However, all drugs with a single molecular target fail to reverse or ameliorate AD progression, which ultimately results in cortical and subcortical network dysregulation. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been proven effective for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and other neurological diseases. As such, DBS has also been gradually acknowledged as a potential therapy for AD. The current review focuses on DBS of the nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM). As a critical component of the cerebral cholinergic system and the Papez circuit in the basal ganglia, the NBM plays an indispensable role in the subcortical regulation of memory, attention, and arousal state, which makes the NBM a promising target for modulation of neural network dysfunction and AD treatment. We summarized the intricate projection relations and functionality of the NBM, current approaches for stereotactic localization and evaluation of the NBM, and the therapeutic effects of NBM-DBS both in patients and animal models. Furthermore, the current shortcomings of NBM-DBS, such as variations in cortical blood flow, increased temperature in the target area, and stimulation-related neural damage, were presented.
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van Dooijeweert, Birgit, Melissa Broeks, Judith Jans, et al. "Untargeted Metabolomics on Dried Blood Spots for the Diagnosis and Clinical Follow up of Rare Hereditary Anemias." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-131693.
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Background: The group of rare hereditary anemias includes a large variety of intrinsic defects of the red blood cell, as well as erythropoiesis. They include hemolytic anemias (e.g. enzyme deficiencies), hemoglobinopathies, hypoplastic anemias (e.g. Diamond-Blackfan Anemia, DBA), and dyserythropoietic anemias. As a result of the rapid developments in genetic testing and the subsequent increased knowledge of molecular defects underlying hereditary anemias, our understanding of the pathophysiology of rare anemias has increased during the last decade. However, in a substantial number of patients, the clinical phenotype does not fit classical criteria of a disease, response to therapy is less than expected, or a molecular defect cannot be found. In addition, in patients with well-described molecular defects, there is often no clear genotype-phenotype correlation. In order to better understand the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms driving ineffective erythropoiesis in patients and to improve their classification and clinical evaluation, novel functional tests are needed. Metabolomics is the large-scale, unbiased study of metabolites and their interactions within a biological system, directly reflecting the underlying biochemical activity and state of cells. Metabolomics can be used to identify novel disease biomarkers, study deregulated cellular pathways, and to determine the cellular responses to therapeutic interventions. In this study we demonstrate that dried blood spots (DBS) can be used as a minimal invasive and validated technical approach to perform large scale metabolomics in a variety of rare hereditary anemias. Methods: DBS samples from >100 patients suffering from a variety of rare anemiaswere collected during regular hospital visits. Quantification of metabolites was performed by direct infusion high resolution mass spectrometry (DI-HRMS) followed by an untargetedmetabolomics pipeline. For annotation, the Human Metabolome Database (HMDB) was used. Results were compared with DBS samples of 70 healthy adult controls and 35 pediatric patients negatively screened for metabolic diseases Results: For each patient sample, Z-scores were calculated for all mass peaks annotated with metabolites (HMDB, 3930). Mass peak, intensity and corresponding Z-scores were compared with two distinct groups of controls (∆Z-scores): pediatric patients who were screened for metabolic diseases but were found negative, and healthy adult controls. For data interpretation, two strategies were used. First, by untargeted statistical analysis in Metabo-analyst, we identified metabolites (and/or isomers) that showed either increased or decreased intensity. For the second strategy we specifically focused on red blood cell metabolic pathways, including glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway, ascorbate and glutathione metabolism, arginine and polyamine metabolism, and erythrocyte membrane turnover and transport. We corrected for a potential hematocrit effect and performed subgroup analyses correcting for reticulocyte counts. Our preliminary data indicate potential biomarkers for distinct disease entities, including altered polyamine metabolism (DBA, SCD), glycolysis (DBA, HS), and aberrant arginine metabolism (SCD) (Figure 1). Further in-depth pathway analyses, and targeted validation of biomarker profiles are currently being performed. Conclusion: Untargeted metabolomics using dried blood spots provides a novel functional tool to identify disease biomarkers and common and distinct deregulated cellular pathways. This will improve diagnostic evaluation and clinical management of patients with rare hereditary anemias, contribute to a better understanding of disease pathophysiology, and aid in the development of therapeutic strategies. Disclosures van Beers: Agios Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pfizer: Research Funding; RR Mechatronics: Research Funding. van Wijk:RR Mechatronics: Research Funding; Agios Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy, Research Funding.
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Sriram, Sai, Kevin Root, Kevin Chacko, Aashay Patel, and Brandon Lucke-Wold. "Surgical Management of Synucleinopathies." Biomedicines 10, no. 10 (2022): 2657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102657.
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Synucleinopathies represent a diverse set of pathologies with significant morbidity and mortality. In this review, we highlight the surgical management of three synucleinopathies: Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). After examining underlying molecular mechanisms and the medical management of these diseases, we explore the role of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the treatment of synuclein pathophysiology. Further, we examine the utility of focused ultrasound (FUS) in the treatment of synucleinopathies such as PD, including its role in blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening for the delivery of novel drug therapeutics and gene therapy vectors. We also discuss other recent advances in the surgical management of MSA and DLB. Together, we give a diverse overview of current techniques in the neurosurgical management of these pathologies.
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slek, Dilek, Fatma Kula, Eda Kiris, Omer Karatas, Nazl Holumen, and Emel Yukseloglu. "Detection of alcohol use: Guidance of direct biomarker phosphatidylethanol." Novel Forensic Research 2, no. 1 (2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/nofor.2023.03.03.
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Acknowledging the fact that alcohol is an important source of fatalities in traffic, the amount of alcohol consumed and the exact time of the consumption could enlighten forensic cases and guide the justice system correctly. However, determining the alcohol use is a difficult problem due to alcohol metabolism in individuals and parameters such as sex, age, amount of alcohol in the drink, satiety, should be taken into account which can be challenging for amount of alcohol interpretation. Considering that blood alcohol concentration (BAC) may not be reliable, alternative metabolic products of alcohol has arisen after alcohol consumption. One of the most interesting alcohol biomarker phosphatidylethanol (PEth) has caught attention due to its long half-life and not being affected from sex, liver diseases or age in addition to that it is only synthesized under the presence of ethanol. PEth is synthesized in cell-membranes and not being a single molecule, its homologues should be considered when determining the amount of alcohol intake. Although the homologues of PEth could be isolated from whole blood, less invasive dried blood spots (DBS) also provides reliable information. The analysis of PEth is performed in LC-MS/MS which is highly sensitive and specific. For forensic applications, direct alcohol biomarker PEth may be useful for distinguishing the alcohol use and helpful for justice system. This review focuses on studies about PEth biomarker, its applications and limitations conducted from 2010 to 2019.
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Kruc, Rebecca. "#22 Does Cranial Ultrasound Differentiate Asymptomatic Congenital CMV (cCMV) Infection from cCMV with Central Nervous System Disease in Infants? Results from a Universal Screening Study in Minnesota, USA." Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society 11, Supplement_1 (2022): S5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpids/piac041.018.
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Abstract Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is the most common infectious cause of neurodevelopmental deficits, including sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). With the passage of a universal cCMV screening bill by the Minnesota legislature in 2021, it is imperative to define the optimal diagnostic approach for identified cases, particularly for asymptomatic infants. Cerebral ultrasound (US) is a safe, non-invasive technique to examine neonatal brains, and has been advocated by an international consensus panel as a modality for cCMV disease classification. This analysis described clinical manifestations of cCMV in infants identified by universal screening and characterized cranial US findings obtained during diagnostic evaluation. We correlated viral load in the newborn CMV screening saliva samples with clinical and US findings. Method Newborns were screened for cCMV at six Twin Cities nurseries by PCR of dried blood spots (DBS) obtained for routine newborn screening, and saliva collected 1-2 days after birth. Screen-positive infants had a confirmatory urine PCR test within 3 weeks of birth, and clinical evaluation that included cranial US. Results Through September 1, 2021, 19,017 newborns were screened for cCMV. 76 cases were identified (prevalence of 0.4%) by saliva or DBS, confirmed by urine CMV PCR testing. 76% (58/76) had asymptomatic cCMV; the remaining 24% were infants with cCMV disease. Nine had congenital or delayed-onset SNHL, of which 7 had abnormal US; 1 had normal US, and 1 did not have US performed. Median saliva viral load differed between infants with cCMV disease (3.3×104 IU/ml) and asymptomatic infants (8.6×106 IU/ml; p< 0.05, Fig. 1). Cranial US exams were available for 68 infants (51 asymptomatic, 17 with cCMV disease). 50 (74%) infants had normal US; 18 infants had abnormal US (Table 1). Of the 17 infants with cCMV disease, 12 had abnormal US, of which 4 showed cCMV disease-defining lesions. Of 51 asymptomatic infants, 6 had abnormal, and 45 normal, cranial US. Saliva viral loads did not vary between infants with normal vs. abnormal US (p=0.7). Conclusion PCR of newborn DBS and/or saliva revealed a prevalence of 4.0 per 1000 in a universal cCMV screening study. Surprisingly, an inverse relationship was observed between saliva viral load at birth and cCMV disease classification. Among babies with cCMV, the majority had normal cranial US, and most abnormalities were not pathognomonic for cCMV disease. Clarification is needed regarding which cranial US findings require detailed follow-up, including MRI, as universal cCMV screening programs move forward in clinical practice.
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Fokin, Vladimir A., Dmitrii M. Shlyapnikov, and Svetlana V. Red’ko. "Risk assessment of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases connection to noise when exceeding maximum permissible levels." Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 10 (February 18, 2019): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2018-10-17-19.
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In accordance with the requirements of paragraph 3.2.6 of sanitary rules and norms «Sanitary and epidemiological requirements for physical factors at workplace», in the event of exceeding noise level at workplace above 80 dBA, an employer is obliged to assess the health risk of workers and confirm an acceptable risk to their health. The connection between the incidence of occupational and occupationally conditioned diseases with noise exposure exceeding the maximum permissible levels (80 dBA) was estimated. The assessment was carried out at a food industry enterprise of Perm Region. Assessing the relationship between morbidity and noise exposure is the first step in evaluation of occupational health risks for workers exposed to noise exceeding MAL. If a reliable relationship between morbidity and noise exposure is established, an assessment of occupational risk is conducted. The odds ratio (OR) for diseases characterized by high blood pressure and disorders of autonomic nervous system was <1 (confidence interval CI=0.11–1.61 and CI=0.08–2.78, respectively). The relative risk (RR) for diseases characterized by high blood pressure and disorders of autonomic nervous system was <1. The received data testify absence of connection of morbidity with exposure to industrial noise, calculation of etiological share of responses and levels of risk is not required.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Diseases of the blood system (DBS)"
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Santos, Fernando dos. "Curso temporal das alterações autonômicas e metabólicas da hipertensão por sobrecarga de frutose: papel do barorreflexo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5160/tde-02052016-084732/.
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O aumento do consumo de frutose nas últimas décadas está intimamente associado à maior incidência de obesidade e síndrome metabólica e co-morbidades associadas , como , a dislipidemia, a disautonomia e o diabetes. No entanto, a literatura não apresenta caracterização temporal dos eventos que ocorrem até o estabelecimento das doenças. Com base nisso, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as alterações temporais autônomicas e metabólicas em modelo de síndrome metabólica induzida por sobrecarga de frutose, com ênfase no papel do barorreflexo, aqui testado pelo uso da desnervação sinoaórtica. Adicionalmente, pretende-se identificar neste modelo, se as alterações autonômicas precedem ou se seguem às alterações metabólicas. Foram utilizados quatro grupos experimentais (ratos), seguidos por 90 dias: controle (C), tratados com frutose (F), controle desnervado (D) e desnervados tratados com frutose (DF). A sobrecarga de frutose foi feita através de solução em água de beber (10%). A avaliação dos parâmetros cardiovasculares ocorreu pelo registro da pressão arterial via radiotelemetria durante 13 semanas. A frutose foi capaz de promover desenvolvimento de síndrome metabólica, causando aumento da pressão arterial, glicemia de jejum, gordura abdominal e do perfil lipídico em média a partir da sétima semana de tratamento. As alterações autonômicas, principalmente aumento da modulação cardíaca e periférica simpática, ocorreram já na segunda semana de protocolo. Este grupo apresentou ainda alterações de função renal e inflamação. O barorreflexo parece participar das alterações induzidas pela frutose durante o desenvolvimento da síndrome metabólica, uma vez que sua ausência determina mudanças em vários dos parâmetros metabólicos além dos hemodinâmicos já esperados. Adicionalmente, no grupo frutose, o prejuízo funcional do controle reflexo da circulação se estabelece mais tardiamente. Com base em nossos resultados podemos concluir que as alterações no controle autonômico são anteriores e provavelmente contribuem para as alterações metabólicas causadas pelo consumo excessivo de frutose<br>The increased consumption of fructose in recent decades is closely associated with the higher incidence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and associated comorbidities, such as Dyslipidemia, Dysautonomia, and diabetes. However, the literature does not present temporal characterization of the events that occur until the establishment of the diseases. On this basis, this work aims to evaluate the temporal autonomic and metabolic changes in metabolic syndrome model induced by fructose overload, with emphasis on the role of the baroreflex, here tested using sinoaortic denervation. Additionally, we intend to identify in this model, if autonomic changes precede or follow the metabolic changes. Four experimental groups were used (rats), followed by 90 days: control (C), treated with fructose (F), sinoaortic denervated (D) and denervated treated with fructose (DF). Fructose overload was performed using drinking water solution (10%). Blood pressure recording was performed via radio telemetry for 13 weeks. Fructose was able to promote development of metabolic syndrome, causing blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and abdominal fat increase and changing lipid profile (from the seventh week to thirteenth week of treatment). Autonomic changes, characterized by increased cardiac and peripheral sympathetic modulation, occurred in the second week of Protocol. Fructose group presented changes of renal function and inflammation. The baroreflex seems to participate in the changes induced by fructose during the development of the metabolic syndrome, since his absence determines changes in various metabolic parameters in addition to the expected hemodynamic. Additionally, fructose treatment induced late functional impairment of blood pressure reflex control. Based on our results we can conclude that the changes in autonomic control precede and probably contribute to the metabolic changes induced by the excessive consumption of fructose
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Lemogoum, Daniel. "Mécanismes des maladies cardiovasculaires chez le sujet noir africain: le vieillissement artériel précoce serait-il un déterminant ?" Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209075.
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RESUME DES TRAVAUX<p><p>La rigidification des gros troncs artériels (GTA) est physiologiquement liée à l’âge et s’accélère sous l’influence de certains facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire tels que l’hypertension artérielle (HTA), le diabète, le tabagisme, la dyslipidémie, l’obésité, la consommation excessive de sel, la sédentarité et l’hérédité. Le vieillissement artériel prématuré est un déterminant majeur du risque d’événements cardiovasculaires. Il se caractérise par une altération des propriétés élastiques des GTA, consécutive à l’épaississement de l’intima et surtout de la média se traduisant par une rigidification de leur paroi et une intensification de la réflexion de la courbe de pression aortique. Une artère rigide accélère la vitesse de propagation de l’onde de pouls (VOP) qui en est le marqueur direct et induit par conséquent un retour plus précoce des ondes de pression réfléchies de la périphérie vers l’aorte.<p>Nous avons testé l’hypothèse que le risque accru de maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) documenté chez les sujets noirs africains serait lié en partie au vieillissement précoce de leurs artères et que son amplification chez les bantous serait largement attribuable aux facteurs environnementaux.<p>A cet effet, nous avons procédé dans un premier temps à la validation de la VOP, de la pression pulsée (pression systolique-pression diastolique) et de l’index d’augmentation de pression (AIx), tous deux dérivés de la courbe de pression aortique comme méthodes de mesure et d’évaluation non invasive de la distensibilité artérielle chez les sujets normotendus. Nos résultats révèlent que la stimulation bêta-adrénergique non cardio-sélective par l’isoproterenol atténue de façon significative la réflexion des ondes de pression aortique et augmente nettement la pression pulsée (PP) aortique alors que la VOP aortique qui constitue la mesure de référence de l’élasticité artérielle n’est pas affectée. Ces résultats suggèrent dès lors que la PP et l’AIx ne sont pas des marqueurs fiables de la rigidité artérielle lors de la stimulation bêta-adrénergique.<p><p>Nous avons ensuite évalué l’amplitude de cet effet de l’isoproterenol sur la paroi artérielle du sujet noir africain. C’est ainsi que nous avons observé que la stimulation bêta-adrénergique par l’isoproterenol engendre une accélération de la VOP aortique chez les sujets noirs, contrairement aux sujets caucasiens chez qui elle la ralentit considérablement. Ce résultat suggère que l’altération précoce des propriétés structurelles et fonctionnelles de la paroi aortique des sujets noirs sous l’effet de divers stress pourrait contribuer à la sévérité et à la précocité des MCV couramment rapportées au sein de ce groupe ethnique.<p><p>Nous avons ensuite testé une série d’hypothèses nécessitant des mesures non invasives de l’élasticité artérielle au sein de populations particulières au Cameroun.<p>C’est ainsi que nous avons investigué l’effet de l’anémie falciforme sur la rigidité artérielle et la réflexion de la courbe de pression aortique. L’hypothèse testée était que les complications cardiovasculaires couramment rapportées chez les drépanocytaires seraient dues à l’altération des propriétés viscoélastiques de leur paroi artérielle. Cette seconde partie de nos travaux nous a permis de démontrer que les patients drépanocytaires souffrant de la forme homozygote d’anémie falciforme (SS) ont des artères centrales aortiques très souples et des artères périphériques musculaires moins rigides. En effet, leur VOP est ralentie et leurs ondes de réflexion de la périphérie vers l’aorte sont fortement atténuées en comparaison aux contrôles sains (AA). L’anémie falciforme et la pression artérielle moyenne (PAM) sont apparues comme étant des déterminants indépendants de l’état d’élasticité aortique dans notre population d’étude (SS et AA). Cette étude a révélé toutefois une accélération paradoxale des VOP radiale et aortique dans les zones de basse pression artérielle, suggérant un effet délétère vasculaire de l’hypotension artérielle sévère chronique sur la paroi aortique.<p><p>Enfin, dans le troisième volet de notre travail, nous avons évalué l’effet du mode de vie chasseurs-pêcheurs-cueilleurs sur l’état d’élasticité aortique des pygmées traditionnels (TP) Camerounais. Nos travaux révèlent que ces TP ont des artères plus élastiques illustrées par une faible accélération de leur VOP aortique, comparée à celles des pygmées contemporains (CP) et des agriculteurs bantous partageant le même environnement semi-urbain et soumis tous à un mode de vie de type occidental. Fait important, cette faible accélération de la VOP aortique des TP est indépendante de la PAM et de leur âge chronologique qui en constituent pourtant des déterminants majeurs classiques bien documentés. Par contre, cette différence d’élasticité aortique entre TP, CP et bantous s’estompe nettement après correction pour le poids corporel.<p>Dans le même ordre d’idées, nous avons également démontré qu’en dépit de leur petite taille, les pygmées traditionnels réfléchissent leurs ondes de pression de la périphérie vers l’aorte avec une amplitude similaire à celle des pygmées contemporains et des bantous semi urbains.<p><p> <p>Conclusion.<p>Les résultats de nos travaux confortent la VOP comme marqueur de référence de la rigidité artérielle et suggèrent un vieillissement précoce de l’aorte chez les sujets noirs pouvant expliquer en partie la sévérité et la précocité des MCV couramment rapportées chez eux. Ce phénomène s’illustre notamment par l’accélération de la VOP aortique induite par l’isoproterenol chez les sujets noirs africains contrairement aux sujets caucasiens, chez qui la stimulation bêta-adrénergique par isoproterenol s’accompagne d’un ralentissement considérable de la VOP aortique. Cependant, l’état drépanocytaire pourrait atténuer et ralentir ce phénomène de vieillissement vasculaire précoce, ceci en dépit d’une accélération paradoxale de la VOP par l’hypotension artérielle chronique. Enfin, le mode de vie chasseurs-pêcheurs-cueilleurs protègerait l’aorte des pygmées traditionnels contre le risque de vieillissement prématuré, ceci indépendamment de la pression artérielle moyenne et de l’âge chronologique.<p><br>Doctorat en Sciences médicales<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Khou, Cécile. "Etude du neurotropisme des Flavivirus neuropathogènes." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC305/document.
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Les Flavivirus neuropathogènes, tels que le virus de l’encéphalite japonaise (JEV), le virus West Nile (WNV), le virus de la fièvre jaune (YFV) et le virus Zika (ZIKV) causent des maladies neurologiques. Ces maladies sont dues à une infection des cellules du système nerveux central (CNS) par ces virus. Le CNS est un organe privilégié, isolé des agents pathogènes par une barrière entre le sang et le cerveau, appelée barrière hémato-encéphalique (BBB). Les Flavivirus neuropathogènes capables de traverser cette BBB afin d’atteindre leurs cellules cibles, localisées dans le CNS, sont neuroinvasifs. Le but de cette étude est de comprendre les mécanismes cellulaires permettant aux Flavivirus de traverser la BBB et les effets de l’infection par les virus ZIKV et WNV des cellules du CNS sur le développement de celles-ci.Le YFV est un virus hépatotrope, infectant majoritairement le foie et les reins. Deux vaccins vivants atténués dirigés contre le YFV, le vaccin FNV (pour French Neurotropic Virus) et le vaccin 17D, ont été obtenus empiriquement par passages successifs de souches virulentes de YFV sur cerveaux de souriceaux. Ces vaccins ne causent plus de maladies touchant les reins et le foie, mais peuvent parfois causer des encéphalites post-vaccinales. Ces cas d’encéphalites démontrent que ces souches vaccinales sont devenues neurovirulentes mais aussi neuroinvasives car les virus ont pu franchir la BBB. A cause d’une incidence trop élevée d’encéphalites post-vaccinales par rapport au vaccin 17D, le vaccin FNV a été retiré du marché dans les années 1980.Le JEV est un virus neurotrope, causant des encéphalites graves en Asie du Sud-Est. A ce jour, il existe un vaccin vivant atténué, le JEV SA14-14-2, obtenu empiriquement par passages successifs d’une souche virulente sur cellules de hamster. Ce vaccin est moins neurovirulent et moins neuroinvasif que les souches virulentes de JEV en modèle de souris, et protège contre des infections humaines par le JEV. Cependant, des cas d’encéphalites ont été rapportés après injection de ce vaccin. Il apparait donc que, dans certains cas, la souche vaccinale JEV SA14-14-2 est capable de traverser la BBB et d’infecter les cellules neuronales. Les dernières épidémies à virus ZIKV en Polynésie Française et en Amérique du Sud ont induit une augmentation de cas de malformations congénitales dans les zones touchées. Cela a soulevé de nouvelles questions quant à la capacité d’un Flavivirus à provoquer des malformations congénitales du CNS. Dans cette étude, nous avons identifié les mécanismes cellulaires permettant aux Flavivirus de traverser la BBB et les effets de l’infection par les virus ZIKV et WNV des cellules du CNS sur le développement de celles-ci.Nous avons utilisé deux systèmes in vitro permettant d’étudier le développement du CNS et la neuroinvasion des Flavivirus. Un premier système consiste en l’infection de coupes de cerveaux d’embryon de souris. En utilisant ce système, nous avons montré que le ZIKV a un tropisme préférentiel pour les cellules progénitrices de neurones, alors que le WNV a un tropisme préférentiel pour les neurones. Nous avons également montré que l’infection des progéniteurs neuronaux par le ZIKV induit un arrêt de la mitose cellulaire, alors que l’infection par le WNV n’a aucun effet sur la mitose. L’étude sur l’effet apoptotique de l’infection par les deux virus WNV et ZIKV n’a montré aucune différence entre les deux virus à des temps précoces d’infection.Un deuxième système a été mis au point pour l’étude de la neuroinvasion par les Flavivirus neuropathogènes. Ce système est composé de cellules endothéliales hCMEC/D3 pouvant former des jonctions serrées. Ces cellules ont été cultivées sur filtres d’insert de puits de culture cellulaire Transwell, placés au-dessus de cellules neuronales humaines. A l’aide de ce système, nous avons comparé la capacité à traverser la BBB de plusieurs Flavivirus<br>Neuropathogenic Flaviviruses, such as Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), cause neurological diseases. These diseases are due to viral infection of central nervous system (CNS) cells. The CNS is a privileged organ, isolated from pathogenic agents by a barrier between the blood and the barrier, called the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Neuropathogenic Flaviviruses which can cross this BBB in order to reach their target cells in the CNS, are neuroinvasive. This study aims at understanding the cellular mechanisms by which YFV and JEV Flaviviruses cross the BBB and the effects of viral infection by WNV and ZIKV of the CNS cells during neocortex development.YFV is a hepatrotopic virus, which mostly infects the liver and the kidneys. The two live-attenuated vaccines against YFV, the FNV (for French Neurotropic Virus) vaccine and the 17D vaccine, were obtained empirically by several passages in suckling mouse brain of YFV virulent strains. These vaccines do not cause any disease targeting the liver or the kidneys, but can sometimes cause post-vaccine encephalitis. These encephalitis cases suggest that the vaccine strains have become neurovirulent and neuroinvasive. Due to high risks of post-vaccine encephalitis, the FNV vaccine use was discontinued in the 1980s.JEV is a neurotropic virus, causing acute encephalitis in South East Asia. To date, there is a live-attenuated vaccine against JEV, the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine, which was obtained empirically by several passages in primary hamster kidney cells. This vaccine is less neurovirulent and less neuroinvasive than JEV virulent strains in mouse model, and it protects against JEV infections. However, some cases of post-vaccine encephalitis were reported. It thus seems that, in some cases, the vaccine strain JEV SA14-14-2 is able to cross the BBB and infect neuronal cells.The recent ZIKV epidemics in French Polynesia and South America were linked to an increase in the number of congenital malformations, rising questions regarding the capacity of a Flavivirus to induce CNS congenital malformations.In this study, we have identified cellular mechanisms involved in Flavivirus neuroinvasion and studied the effect of ZIKV and WNV infection of neuronal cells under development.To study CNS development, we have infected mouse embryos brain slices. We were able to show that ZIKV has a preferential tropism for neuronal progenitors, whereas WNV has a preferential tropism for neuronal cells. We also show that infection of neuronal progenitors by ZIKV impairs the cell life cycle, whereas no effect on the cell life cycle was observed for WNV-infected cells. Studies on apoptosis induction did not show any difference between both viruses at early time points of infection.To study Flavivirus neuroinvasion, we have used an in vitro model of BBB composed of human endothelial hCMEC/D3 cells that can form tight junctions. These cells were cultivated on Transwell inserts and placed above human neuronal cells. Using this system, we show that YFV FNV cross the BBB more efficiently than YFV 17D, suggesting that YFV FNV is more neuroinvasive than YFV 17D. This observation can explain the higher post-vaccine encephalitis risks associated with YFV FNV vaccine compared to YFV 17D vaccine. We also confirmed that JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine strain is less neuroinvasive than JEV RP9.We also examined how JEV crosses the BBB and the endothelial cell response following JEV treatment. We show that both JEV RP9 and SA14-14-2 are able to cross the BBB without infecting its endothelial cells and without disrupting the BBB. Preliminary results suggest that JEV RP9, but not JEV SA14-14-2, crosses the BBB by dynamin-dependant transcytosis. Transcriptomic analysis of endothelial cells treated by either virus show slight, but significant, differences in regulation of genes implicated in several pathways associated with CNS diseases
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Aronson, Ingrid. "The cytopenias in systemic lupus erythematosus." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26344.
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Turnbull, Fiona. "Effects of different blood pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events in major patient subgroups." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28142.
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Background
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide.
Blood pressure is the single, most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease;
nearly two-thirds of all strokes and approximately half of all ischaemic heart disease
events are attributable to non-optimal blood pressure. The evidence from individual
randomised trials of blood pressure lowering regimens suggests that that protection
from major cardiovascular events can be achieved by lowering blood pressure, even
among those with so-called ‘normal’ blood pressures. However, many trials are not
sufficiently powered to demonstrate modest but clinically important differences in
the effects of different classes of drug on the risk of cardiovascular disease. As a
result, there is considerable uncertainty about the relative effectiveness of different
drug classes. Reliable and precise information about the effects of treatment is
central to the management of cardiovascular risk in millions of people worldwide.
The aim of the research contributing to this thesis was to generate high quality
evidence about the effects of a range of blood pressure lowering regimens on major
cardiovascular outcomes in important patient subgroups.
Methods
The research uses prospectively-planned overviews (meta-analyses) of large
randomised trials to generate precise estimates of treatment effect. The trials
contributing to the overviews were those participating in the Blood Pressure
Lowering Treatment Trialists’ Collaboration. Data from all relevant trials were
submitted to the Collaboration Secretariat based at the George Institute for
International Health in Sydney, Australia for inclusion in analyses. Data were
combined using standard meta-analytic techniques and reported as pooled point
estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the six pre-specified primary outcomes of
stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cardiovascular death and total mortality.
The analyses comprised three main components: (1) one main set of overview
analyses to examine treatment effects in the overall study population; (2) three sets of
overview analyses to examine treatment effects in subgroups of younger and older
patients, men and women and patients with and without diabetes; and (3) a series of
post-hoc analyses (meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis) to examine the
relative contributions of blood pressure-dependent and independent effects of two
main classes of blood pressure drugs, ACE-I inhibitors and angiotensin receptor
blockers.
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Murchie, Karen J. (Karen Jo) 1973. "Arterial function in hypertension and heart failure." Monash University, Faculty of Medicine, 2000. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8884.
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Khan, Hassan. "Markers of glycaemia and risk of cardiovascular disease." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648585.
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Moore, Vivienne M. "Fetal growth and cardiovascular risk factors in an Australian cohort /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm824.pdf.
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Shanbhag, Preeti Pandurang. "Role of Mechanical Versus Humoral Effects of Angiotensin II on Vascular Remodeling." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10446.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, we investigated the role of Ang II in pathological vascular remodeling. We sought to determine whether the humoral or the mechanical effects of Ang II are the dominant factor driving the remodeling process.
The following experimental groups were used: control group (untreated mice), mice treated with an angiotensin receptor blocker (Candesartan, 0.5 mg/kg/day,SQ), an ACE inhibitor (Captopril, 6 mg/kg/day), and a calcium-channel blocker (Amlodipine, 7.5 mg/kg/day). All mice (n=6 per experimental group) were from the C57Bl/6 background. The carotid ligation model was implemented to study the differences in vascular remodeling. Additionally, multiple time points (7-, 14-, and 21-days post-surgery) were used to track the progression of remodeling. In Day-7 analysis, all three treatment groups yielded similar remodeling patterns as evidenced by a significant reduction in neointimal area, medial thickening and hypertrophy compared with the control group. Histomorphometric analysis of carotid sections collected 1mm below the ligation demonstrated that the Amlodipine group had 26% reduction in total vessel area, Candesartan a 36% reduction, and Captopril a 28% reduction (p less than 0.05 in all groups compared with Control), as well as a parallel 38-40% drop in medial thickness. In Day-14 analysis, no significant differences between the Controls and treatment groups were observed, although differences were emerging between the treatment groups. Candesartan was found to reduce the extent of negative remodeling observed between the 7- and 14-day Control data, whereas the Captopril group did not exhibit this trend. All treatment groups exhibited less neointimal formation than Controls, similar to Day-7. By the 21-day time point, the Captopril group underwent positive remodeling, resembling the Candesartan and Amlodipine groups. Although total vessel area was analogous among all groups, neointimal areas were significantly decreased in the treatment groups.
Blood pressure plays a pivotal role in the modulation of vascular remodeling in response to mechanical injury. Although intermediate timepoint analysis suggests that humoral aspects of ACE inhibition or angiotensin-receptor blockade yielded unique effects on the overall vessel caliber, upon reaching the late, 21-day time point, the mechanical factors became predominant. These data support the importance of blood pressure control in the attenuation of pathological vascular remodeling.
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Bianco-Miotto, Tina. "Loss of ABO antigens in haematological malignancies." Adelaide, S.A, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb578.pdf.
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"May 2002" Includes bibliographical references (leaves 229-251) Describes the investigation of the alteration of ABH antigen expression on the surface of red blood cells in patients with haematological malignancies.
Books on the topic "Diseases of the blood system (DBS)"
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K, White Elizabeth, ed. Hematology, the lymphatic system, and the immune system. 3rd ed. Regents/Pentice Hall, 1993.
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Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, ed. The cardiovascular system. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2002.
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Catherine, Whitney, ed. Cardiovascular disease: Fight it with the blood type diet. G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2004.
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G, Neri Serneri G., ed. Platelets, prostaglandins, and the cardiovascular system. Raven Press, 1985.
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L, Bhatt Deepak, ed. Platelets in cardiovascular disease. Imperial College Press, 2008.
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Peter, Berlit, and Moore P, eds. Vasculitis, rheumatic disease, and the nervous system. Springer-Verlag, 1993.
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1953-, Gresele Paolo, ed. Platelets in hematologic and cardiovascular disorders: A clinical handbook. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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1953-, Gresele Paolo, ed. Platelets in hematologic and cardiovascular disorders: A clinical handbook. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Diseases of the blood system (DBS)"
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Hajj-Ali, Rula A., and Leonard H. Calabrese. "Primary Central Nervous System Vasculitis." In Inflammatory Diseases of Blood Vessels. Wiley-Blackwell, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118355244.ch29.
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Denaro, Vincenzo, Maria Cristina Sangiovanni, Sergio De Salvatore, and Umile Giuseppe Longo. "The Musculoskeletal System in Blood Diseases." In Textbook of Musculoskeletal Disorders. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20987-1_5.
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Nithyaa, A. N., R. Premkumar, D. Kanchana, and Nalini A. Krishnan. "Automated Detection and Classification of Blood Diseases." In Recent Advancements in System Modelling Applications. Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1035-1_34.
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Miron, Shmuel, and Anat Achiron. "The Blood-Brain Barrier in Immune Mediated Diseases of the Central Nervous System." In Blood—Brain Barrier. Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0579-2_21.
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Williams, Jessica L., and Robyn S. Klein. "Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction during Central Nervous System Autoimmune Diseases." In The Blood Brain Barrier and Inflammation. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45514-3_8.
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Vornov, James J. "Blood Flow, Energy Failure, and Vulnerability to Stroke." In Cell Death and Diseases of the Nervous System. Humana Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1602-5_16.
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Parati, Gianfranco, and Paolo Salvi. "Arterial Stiffness and the Sympathetic Nervous System." In Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases. Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5198-2_14.
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Protogerou, Athanase D., Michel E. Safar, Gerard E. Plante, and Jacques Blacher. "De-stiffening Strategy, Sodium Balance, and Blockade of the Renin–Angiotensin System." In Blood Pressure and Arterial Wall Mechanics in Cardiovascular Diseases. Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5198-2_43.
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Zucchetta, Pietro, and Ora Israel. "Cardiovascular System." In A Practical Guide for Pediatric Nuclear Medicine. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67631-8_3.
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AbstractScintigraphy of the cardiovascular system in children is less common than in adults, reflecting the different nature and prevalence of cardiac diseases in paediatrics. Congenital malformations of the heart and their effect on cardiac and pulmonary functions and on myocardial perfusion are common indications in children. The first pass study is an investigation that can detect and quantify cardiac left-to-right shunts. It is used only in selected cases. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS), with or without physical or pharmacological stress, provides important information on blood supply to the myocardium. It can also evaluate myocardial contractility with gated SPECT. The gated cardiac blood pool scan, also known as radionuclide ventriculography or multigated acquisition (MUGA) scan assesses the cardiac blood pool synchronized to the child’s ECG and allows measurement of the left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF). In most centres, this study has been replaced in the last decade by echocardiography and MRI to assess the quality of the ventricular contraction and is therefore not discussed further in this chapter (Milanesi et al., Semin Nucl Med 47(2): 158–169, 2017; Venet et al., Front Pediatr 10: 909994, 2022). Vascular anomalies in children include benign tumors such as infantile hemangiomas and hemangioendotheliomas as well as low and high-flow vascular malformations. Whole-body blood pool scintigraphy with focused SPECT or SPECT/CT provides specific diagnosis for vascular anomalies and is commonly used in conjunction with radiological imaging methods, especially when those are inconclusive.
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Ghosh, Dipak, Shukla Samanta, and Sayantan Chakraborty. "Multifractal Correlation Study Between Posture and Autonomic Deregulation Using ECG and Blood Pressure Data." In Multifractals and Chronic Diseases of the Central Nervous System. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3552-5_6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Diseases of the blood system (DBS)"
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Melchane, Selestine, Youssef Elmir, Farid Kacimi, and Larbi Boubchir. "Probabilistic Decision Tree Ensembles for Detecting Infectious Diseases using Routine Blood Tests." In 2024 16th International Conference on Human System Interaction (HSI). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hsi61632.2024.10613555.
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Jonkus, Vytautas, Žilvinas Chomanskis, and Tadas Danielius. "Wireless DBS and Blood Pressure Measurement System for Experiments with Animals." In 2023 27th International Conference Electronics. IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf58372.2023.10177661.
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Steshyn, V. D., and M. V. Sinelyova. "PREVALENCE OF DISEASES OF THE BLOOD CIRCULATION SYSTEM AMONG DIFFERENT GENDER AND AGE GROUPS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-2-118-121.
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An analysis of the incidence of the population of Minsk with diseases of the circulatory system showed that there is an increase in both the primary and general incidence of various forms of cardiovascular diseases from 2018 to 2019 among different gender and age groups. The highest values of both general and primary morbidity from diseases of the circulatory system for both sexes were observed in the age group over 60 years old. The leading form in this age group was ischemic heart disease, occurring against the background of arterial hypertension.
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Elahi, Sahar, Shi Gu, Andrew M. Rollins, and Michael W. Jenkins. "Semi-automated measurement of absolute blood velocity and shear stress in developing embryonic hearts using a MHz FDML swept laser source (Conference Presentation)." In Diseases in the Breast and Reproductive System IV, edited by Melissa C. Skala and Paul J. Campagnola. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2291058.
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Milbocker, Michael T., Gilbert T. Feke, and Douglas G. Goger. "Automated Determination of Centerline Blood Speed in Retinal Vessels from Laser Doppler Spectra." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1988.thb3.
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Abnormal blood flow in the retinal vascular system is symptomatic of many ocular and systemic diseases. Blood flow is also an important indicator of the effectiveness of panretinal photocoagulation used in the treatment for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Many methods of monitoring retinal blood flow have been developed, but laser Doppler velocimetry best satisfies the criteria of accuracy, sensitivity, and noninvasiveness.
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Souza, Felipe dos Santos, Matheus Furlan Chaves, and Guilherme da Cunha Messias dos Santos. "Rhodopsin stimulation in neural circuits by neuromodulation in optogenetics: current findings on the use of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.302.
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Introduction: Optogenetic neuromodulation describes a contemporary technique of brain modulation that has been increasingly studied, both in the field of genetic engineering and in neuroscience, for the treatment of diseases such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, parkinson and essential tremor. Through it, we seek to alter neurons, making them sensitive to light stimulation. For this, viral vectors are used to insert opsin genes into neural tissue. Objective: to describe the most recent scientific findings related to the use of DBS using Optogenetics techniques. Methodology: use of databases, SCIELO, PUBMED, LILACS and American Association of Neurological Surgeons using the following descriptors: Genetic Engineering. Deep Brain Stimulation. Optogenetics. Rhodopsins. Results: The use and Deep Brain Stimulantion (DBS) or Pronfunda Cerebral Stimulation (ECP) for therapeutic intervention in patients with movement disorders is performed through the insertion of a tungsten wire in specific areas of the central nervous system with the passage of electric current from microampers for milliseconds. However, over time, this causes plasticity, associated with gliosis and loss of DBS effectiveness. In addition, scientific evidence shows that cerebral neuromodulation by optogenetics in patients with dystonia, depression and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is also already a reality with significant and approved results. Conclusions: Optognetics can replace classic DBS for the treatment of several neurological comorbidities with safety and space-time precision, with minimal side effects, when compared with that technique.
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Mahmoud, Ahmed M., Daniel H. Cortes, S. Jamal Mustafa, and Osama M. Mukdadi. "High Frequency Precise Ultrasound Imaging System to Assess Mouse Hearts and Blood Vessels." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192836.
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Genetically modified mice provide a powerful tool for understanding the molecular mechanisms and pathogenesis of human cardiovascular diseases like human atherosclerosis [1]. Numerous mouse strains are available today with phenotypes relevant to human cardiovascular diseases [1,2]. These mouse strains have prompted the development of techniques for assessing the cardiovascular function and morphology of living mice. Recently, several imaging techniques have been emerged as promising non-invasive imaging modalities, such as electron-beam computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, optical coherent tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) [3,4]. Although these systems are capable of detecting anatomic and functional information, they may not be suitable to image mouse heart vasculatures. The small size and rapid movement of mouse hearts require systems acquiring images using temporal resolution of less than 10 ms with spatial resolution of 100 μm or less [4]. However, in mice, which have extremely small coronary arteries and high heart rates, the coronary circulation constitutes a great challenge for these available imaging techniques.
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Alexandrova, А. S., and I. V. Puhteeva. "ANALYSIS OF THE MORBIDITY OF THE POPULATION OF THE GRODNO REGION WITH DISEASES OF THE BLOOD CIRCULATION SYSTEM." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-228-232.
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The results of the study indicate a pronounced increase in the incidence of the circulatory system in the Grodno region during 2016-20, which have a steady upward trend (R2 = 0.9). The average annual rate of general morbidity in the circulatory system was 30,422.34 per 100 thousand of the population, and the primary rate was 2838.16 per 100 thousand of the population. During 2016-20, the BSC in the adult population of the Grodno region increased by 18.6%.
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Petrig, Benno L., and Charles E. Riva. "Towards Computer-Assisted Clinical Retinal Laser Doppler Velocimetry." In Noninvasive Assessment of the Visual System. Optica Publishing Group, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/navs.1987.wc5.
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The retina is among the few tissues in the human body where blood circulation can be observed directly and noninvasively. This has facilitated a detailed description of the morphological changes of the retinal vasculature caused by many ocular and systemic diseases. Despite the accessibility of the retinal vasculature and the obvious importance of blood flow, quantitative data on the retinal hemodynamics in the normal and diseased retina is not available to the clinician. Assessments of "normal" or "low" flow based on fluorescein angiography remain qualitative and the fluorescein dye dilution technique has had limited success in providing a quantitative measure of retinal blood flow.
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Katagiri, Kengo, Absei Krdey, Sota Yamamoto, and Marie Oshima. "Strong Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Cerebrovascular System Using Multi-Scale Model." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80415.
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Cerebrovascular disorder such as subarachnoid hemorrhage is the number 3 cause of death in Japan [1]. Initiation and growth of those diseases depend on hemodynamic factors such as Wall Shear Stress (WSS) or blood pressure induced by blood flow [2]. Therefore the information on the magnitude and the distribution of WSS is important to predict the consequences.
Reports on the topic "Diseases of the blood system (DBS)"
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Choi, Hannah. The Review of Central Nervous System Drug Delivery Through the Blood Brain Barrier using Nanoparticles for Treatment of Brain Diseases. Iowa State University, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1482.
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Yeika, Eugene, Erica L. Kocher, and Carrie Ngongo. Integrating Noncommunicable Diseases into Antenatal Care in Cameroon: A Triangulated Qualitative Analysis. RTI Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2024.rr.0051.2401.
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Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have important implications for pregnancy outcomes and the subsequent health of women and their children. The aim of this study is to determine the status of NCD and maternal health program integration, identify barriers to integration, and explore what would be required to deepen integration of NCD care into antenatal care in Cameroon. We used two methods of data collection and synthesis: a desk review of policy documents and protocols and a series of key informant interviews with health system experts and managers working in public, private, and faith-based health facilities at central, regional, and district levels. Although screening for blood glucose and blood pressure occurs during antenatal care, post-diagnosis management is not well-integrated and often requires referral to specialists in higher-level health facilities. Key barriers to integration include lack of guidelines for the management of NCDs, financial constraints for facilities and patients, and shortages of health workers, medications, and supplies for laboratory investigations. Further integration of services for NCDs during pregnancy will require national guidelines backed up by system-wide strengthening of health information systems, insurance coverage, supply chain management, and human resource capacity, particularly in remote areas.
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Wongpiyabovorn, Jongkonnee, Nattiya Hirankarn, Yingyos Avihingsanon, Tewin Tencomnao, Yong Poovorawan, and Kriangsak Ruchusatsawat. The association between immunogenetics and genetic susceptibility of psoriasis in Thai population. Chulalongkorn University, 2006. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2006.27.
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Psoriasis is T-cell-mediated skin autoimmunity, required environmental triggers and genetic susceptibility factors to become manifested. Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease characterized by the abnormal hyperproliferation and differentiation of the epidermis, elongated and prominent blood vessels and a thick perivascular lymphocytic infiltrate. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene play important role in pathogenesis of various diseases with angiogenic basis such as breast cancer and autoimmune disease including psoriasis. Many studies analyzed the association of VEGF gene polymorphism in many positions in Caucasian and non-Caucasian. Most reports in some position that really point to important about single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) with several autoimmune diseases including psoriasis. Although the precise causes of this auto-immune disease remain elusive. It appears to be influenced by stress. The serotonergic system known to depend primarily on the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) may have a role in psoriasis. The serotonin transporter-linked promoter region (5-HTTLPR) polymorphism occurred by insertion/deletion is evident to result in three different length alleles namely S, L as predominant variant alleles and XL as a rare one. These three alleles have 14, 16 and 18 or 20 repetitive DNA sequences, respectively and have been shown to associate with certain neuropsychiatric diseases. Although roles of serotonin and serotonin receptors in psoriasis were investigated, the impact of 5-HTTLPR on psoriasis has not been studied. Therefore, the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was analyzed to assess whether these variants are associated with psoriasis. Furthermore, having recognized the relationship between oxidative stress and psoriasis, the association between G82S polymorphism in the gene encoding the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and psoriasis was investigated. The aims of study, we determine the distribution of VEGF, RAGE and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism in Thai psoriasis patients. We analyzed SNPs within the VEGF (-1557) (C/A), -460(C/T) and +405(C/G)). G82S RAGE and 5-HTTLPR (S, L and XL) gene polymorphism. In population-based case-control study, allele and genotype frequencies of each marker were compared between 234 unrelated healthy volunteers and 154 chronic plapue psoriasis patients (102 early-onset and 52 late-onset psoriasis) for VEGF gene, one hundred seventy eight healthy donors and 134 psoriasis patients for RAGE gene and one hundred twenty seven healthy controls and 142 psoriasis patients for 5-HTTLPR gene. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and PCR-sequence specific primer (PCR-SSP) methods. The results, The -460 TT or CT compared to CC VEGF genotype were found to be significantly risk associated with early-onset psoriasis patients compared with healthy controls (p=0.0450, odds ratio (OR) =4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-29.52). Interesthingly, haplotype analysis revealed that the CTG haplotype was found to be significantly associated with susceptibility to psoriasis and early-onset psoriasis compared with healthy controls (p=0.0460, OR=1.37, 95% CI=1.00-1.87, p=0.0163, OR=1.54, 95% CI=1.08-2.18, respectively). Moreover, VEGF plasma concentration was not significantly different between groups of haplotype in psoriasis patients. A significantly greater 82A G82S RAGE allele frequency was observed in psoriatic patients than in control subjects (p=0.001 OR=0.52 95% CI=0.35-0.78). Finally, the 5HTTPR polymorphism was no significant change in the allelic frequencies between psoriatic and control subjects (p=0.531, OR=1.15, 95% CI=0.78-1.70). Thus, the result demonstrated that the CTG haplotype and -460 C/T VEGF polymorphism may be used as a genetic marker for early-onset psoriasis in Thais but the 5-HTTLPR was not associated with psoriasis in Thai population. Furthermore, the G82S RAGE polymorphism was associated with psoriasis, and further investigations should be carried out to gain insights into its molecular mechanism in psoriasis.
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99mTc SPECT-CT, Consensus QIBA Profile. Chair Yuni Dewaraja and Robert Miyaoka. Radiological Society of North America (RSNA)/Quantitative Imaging Biomarkers Alliance (QIBA), 2019. https://doi.org/10.1148/qiba/20191021.
Full textAbstract:
The quantification of 99mTc labeled biomarkers can add unique value in many different settings, ranging from clinical trials of investigation new drugs to the treatment of individual patients with marketed therapeutics. For example, goals of precision medicine include using companion radiopharmaceutical diagnostics as just-in-time, predictive biomarkers for selecting patients to receive targeted treatments, customizing doses of internally administered radiotherapeutics, and assessing responses to treatment. This Profile describes quantitative outcome measures that represent proxies of target concentration or target mass in topographically specific volumes of interest (VOIs). These outcome measures are usually expressed as the percent injected dose (i.e., radioactivity) per mL of tissue (%ID/mL), a standard uptake value ratio (SUVr), or a target-to-background ratio (TBR). In this profile, targeting is not limited to any single mechanism of action. Targeting can be based on interaction with a cell surface protein, an intracellular complex after diffusion, protein-mediated transport, endocytosis, or mechanical trapping in a capillary bed, as in the case of transarterial administration of embolic microspheres. Regardless, the profile focuses on quantification in well-defined volumes of interest. Technetium-99m based dopamine transporter imaging agents, such as TRODAT, are nearly direct links with some aspects of the predecessor profile on 123I-ioflupane for neurodegenerative disorders. (See www.qibawiki.rsna.org ) Cancer is often a base case of convenience for new material in this profile, but the intent is to create methods that can be useful in other therapeutic areas where the diseases are characterized by spatially-limited anatomical volumes, such as lung segments, or multifocal aggregations of targets, such as white blood cell surface receptors on pulmonary nodules in patients with sarcoidosis. Neoplastic masses that can be measured with x-ray computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the starting point. However, the intent is to create a profile that can be extrapolated to diseases in other therapeutic areas that are also associated with focal, or multi-focal pathology, such as pulmonary granulomatous diseases of autoimmune or infectious etiology, non-oncological diseases of organs such as polycystic kidney disease, and the like. The criteria for measurability are based on the current resolution of most SPECT-CT systems in clinical practice, and are independent of criteria for measurability in other contexts. For this SPECT profile, conformance requires that a “small” VOI must be greater than 30 mL to be measurable. It is understood that much smaller VOIs can sometimes exhibit high conspicuity on SPECT, but these use cases are beyond the scope of this profile and will not be tested for conformance in this version. It is left to individual stakeholders to show the extent to which they can achieve conformance when measuring VOIs less than 30 mL. The detection of smaller changes during clinical trials of large groups can be achieved by referring to the QIBA companion guidance on powering trials. The Claims (Section 2) asserts that compliance with the specifications described in this Profile will produce cross sectional estimates of the concentration of radioactivity [kBq/mL] in a volume of interest (VOI) or a target-to-background ratio (TBR) within a defined confidence interval (CI), and distinguish true biological change from system variance (i.e., measurement error) in individual patients or clinical trials of many patients who will be studied longitudinally with 99mTc SPECT agents. Both claims are founded on observations that target density varies between patients with the same disease as well as within patients with multi-focal disease. The Activities (Section 3) describes the requirements that are placed on the Actors who need to achieve the Claim. Section 3 specifies what the actors must do in order to estimate the amount of radioactivity in a volume of interest, expressed in kBq/mL (ideal) or as a TBR (acceptable) within a 95% CI surrounding the true value. Measurands such as %ID/mL are targets for nonclinical studies in animal models that use terminal sacrifice to establish ground truth for imaging studies. TBRs can be precarious, as the assumptions that depend on the physiology of the background regions matching the volume of interest can be hard to accept sometimes. It is up to each individual stakeholder to qualify the background regions used in their own use case. This profile qualifies only a few in some very limited contexts as examples. The Assessment Procedures (Section 4) for evaluating specific requirements are defined as needed. The requirements are focused on achieving sufficient accuracy and avoiding unnecessary variability of the measurements. The clinical performance target is to achieve a 95% confidence interval for concentration in units of kBq/mL (kilobequerels per milliliter) or %ID/mL (percent injected dose per milliliter) or TBR with both a reproducibility and a repeatability of +/- 8% within a single individual under zero-biological-change conditions. This document is intended to help clinicians basing decisions on these biomarkers, imaging staffs generating measurements of these biomarkers, vendors who are developing related products, purchasers of such products, and investigators designing trials. Note that this document only states requirements to achieve the claims, not “requirements on standard of care” nor compliance with any particular protocol for treating participants in clinical trial settings. Conformance to this Profile is secondary to properly caring for patients or adhering to the requirements of a protocol. QIBA Profiles addressing other imaging biomarkers using CT, MRI, PET and Ultrasound can be found at www.qibawiki.rsna.org.
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Splitter, Gary, Zeev Trainin, and Yacov Brenner. Lymphocyte Response to Genetically Engineered Bovine Leukemia Virus Proteins in Persistently Lymphocytic Cattle from Israel and the U.S. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570556.bard.
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The goal of this proposal was to identify proteins of BLV recognized by lymphocyte subpopulations and determine the contribution of these proteins to viral pathogenesis. Our hypothesis was that BLV pathogenesis is governed by the T-cell response and that the immune system likely plays an important role in controlling the utcome of infection. Our studies presented in ths final report demonstrate that T cell competency declines with advancing stages of infection. Dramatic differences were observed in lymphocyte proliferation to recombinant proteins encoded by BLV gag (p12, p15, and p24) and env (gp30 and gp15) genes in different disease stages. Because retroviruses are known to mutate frequently, examinatin of infected cattle from both Israel and the United States will likely detect variability in the immune response. This combined research approach provides the first opportunity to selectively address the importance of T-cell proliferation to BLV proteins and cytokines produced during different stages of BLV infection. Lack of this information regarding BLV infection has hindered understanding lympocyte regulation of BLV pathogenesis. We have developed the essential reagents necessary to determine the prominence of different lymphocyte subpopulations and cytokines produced during the different disease stages within the natural host. We found that type 1 cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-g) increased in PBMCs from animals in early disease, and decreasd in PBMCs from animals in late disease stages of BLV infection, while IL-10, increased with disease progression. Recently, a dichotomy between IL-12 and IL-10 has emerged in regards to progression of a variety of diseases. IL-12 activates type 1 cytokine production and has an antagonistic effect on type 2 cytokines. Here, using quantitative competitive PCR, we show that peripheral blood mononuclear cells from bovine leukemia virus infected animals in the alymphocytotic disease stage express increased amount of IL-12 p40 mRNA. In contrast, IL-12 p40 mRNA expression by PL animals was significantly decreased compared to normal and alymphocytotic animals. To examine the functions of these cytokines on BLV expression, BLV tax and pol mRNA expression and p24 protein production were quantified by competitive PCR, and by immunoblotting, respectively. IL-10 inhibited BLV tax and pol mRNA expression by BLV-infected PBMCs. In addition, we determined that macrophages secret soluble factor(s) that activate BLV expression, and that secretion of the soluble factor(s) could be inhibited by IL-10. In contrast, IL-2 increased BLV tax and pol mRNA, and p24 protein production. These findings suggest that macrophages have a key role in regulating BLV expression, and IL-10 produced by BLV-infected animals in late disease stages may serve to control BLV expression, while IL-2 in the early stage of disease may activate BLV expression. PGE2 is an important immune regulator produced only by macrophages, and is known to facilitate HIV replication. We hypothesized that PGE2 may regulate BLV expression. Here, we show that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression was decreased in PBMCs treated with IL-10, while IL-2 enhanced COX-2 mRNA expression. In contrast, addition of PGE2 stimulated BLV tax and pol mRNA expression. In addition, the specific COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, inhibited BLV expression, while addition of PGE2 increased BLV tax expression regardless of NS-398. These findings suggest that macrophage derived cyclooxygenase -2 products, such as PGE2, may regulate virus expression and disease rogression in BLV infection, and that cytokines (IL-2 and IL-10) may regulate BLV expression through PGE2 production.