Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Diseño de pavimentos; Pavimentos de concreto'
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Luna, Valcárcel Geovana del Carmen. "Pavimentos industriales." Universidad de San Martín de Porres. Programa Cybertesis PERÚ, 2009. http://cybertesis.usmp.edu.pe/usmp/2009/luna_gc/html/index-frames.html.
Full textPárraga, Requena Cristhian Arturo, and Trigoso Jose Luis Torres. "Propuesta de concretos de alto desempeño con cementos puzolanicos para la construccion de pavimentos CRCP en ambientes agresivos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/650372.
Full textThe durability of concrete and long-term performance on rigid pavements affected by aggressive environments such as sulfate attack or resistance to freezing and thawing are the main causes of roadway concrete damage. In this document, eight concrete mixtures with pozzolanic cements were designed in accordance with the technical specifications described in the ACI 325.14R-7 committee. to be applications as an alternative solution to improve the durability of rigid road pavements. This design ensures a compressive strength of more than 310 kg / cm2 and a modulus of rupture greater than 35 kg / cm2 and with a 2½ ”drop on site, which is ideal for use with pavers. To validate these three main characteristics of concrete, concrete tests are carried out in a fresh and resistant state in the laboratory. Allowing the concrete with pozzolanic cements to perform without any inconvenience as a rigid pavement continuously reinforced on a road with high traffic.
Trabajo de investigación
Esquerre, Garcia Michell Mauricio, and Silva Hector Williams Silva. "Propuesta de diseño de pavimento drenante para la captación de agua de lluvias en zonas urbanas del norte del Perú." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625617.
Full textPeru, in recent years has various problems due to the lack of rainwater evacuation, this is associated with population growth, since the urbanized area to increase its size produces a need to have increasingly better infrastructure and mainly with pavements for good traffic. At present, innovative constructions are needed to reduce the problems caused by heavy rainfall or the deficit that exists in the collection of water. The draining concrete is a special concrete, which allows the passage of water through its structure thanks to the high percentage of voids it has, unlike traditional concrete. This quality contributes to culminate in the lack of permeability in traditional concrete structures, avoiding structural failures due to waterlogging and runoff. This investigation carried out the design of eleven draining concrete mixtures, within which one of them was chosen to be applied as an alternative of rigid pavement solution. This design ensures a compressive strength of 280 kg / cm2 and a breaking module of 42 kg / cm2, this innovative concrete can reach up to 60 litres / m2 / min. To validate these three main characteristics of the draining concrete, a prototype constructed in the laboratory was extracted. Allowing the draining concrete to perform without any inconvenience as a rigid pavement in a moderated urban road in northern Peru.
Tesis
Challco, Estrada Bianca Francesca, and Gonzales Zúñiga Lea Rebeca Tuesta. "Propuesta de diseño de concreto permeable reforzado con fibras de basalto (18mm, l7 µm) para mejorar su desempeño aplicado en pavimentos urbanos." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/654957.
Full textThe accelerated growth of cities and the use of waterproof materials have negatively impacted the hydrological cycle. Heavy rainfall during the rainy season leads to the collapse of sewerage networks in cities with inadequate infrastructure. Such runoff accelerates the deterioration of pavements, in addition to the discomfort and danger due to hydroplaning that impacts pedestrians. Pervious concrete is a suitable material to mitigate these problems due to its property of running water through its pores, in addition to being ecological and sustainable. Since its resistance is less than that of conventional concrete, its use is limited in rigid pavements, therefore the incorporation of fibers would provide better mechanical performance. Through a qualitative analysis of various factors, it was determined that basalt fibers would optimize the behavior of pervious concrete for application in urban pavements. In addition, it was taken into consideration that the soil of the study area is gravel and the required infiltration is 192.22 mm/h. The reference mix design corresponds to similar characteristics with the study area and finally the quantities required in the design of this research are 443.12 kg/m3 of cement, 130.43 l / m3 of water, 135.16 kg/m3 of fine aggregate, 1312.04 kg/m3 of coarse aggregate, 3.99 kg/m3 of superplasticizer additive; added to basalt fibers in percentages of 0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% with respect to the mix design.
Trabajo de investigación
Carbonel, Macedo Renzo Adrian, and Vásquez Brian Mark Quinteros. "Uso de agregados reciclados proveniente del concreto de edificaciones en Lima Metropolitana para su aplicación en veredas con f´c = 175 kg/cm2." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652571.
Full textThis thesis evaluates and analyzes the behavior and physical and mechanical properties of the use of the recycled coarse aggregate obtained from the reuse of a concrete removed on site for the preparation of a new mixture that complies with the Peruvian technical standard and with minimum quality standards. This new mixture was obtained from a sampling of different percentages of replacement of the coarse aggregate (25%, 50% and 100%) where the most optimal will be chosen through the performance obtained from the laboratory tests and thus apply the mixture design chosen for the construction of a sidewalk. In addition, it proposes a management system through a generic flow-gram of how recycled aggregates and other waste could be obtained in a much larger dimension than the current one in order to reduce the amount existing in our capital and therefore help reduce the environmental pollution.
Tesis
Párraga, Requena Cristhian Arturo, and Trigoso Jose Luis Torres. "Propuesta de diseño de concreto con cementos puzolánicos para la construcción de pavimentos crcp en las carreteras de la Región Sur de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656075.
Full textIn Peru, the most important routes are terrestrial, among which, the most common are roadways, these present many deficiencies due to different factors related to errors in design, construction process and maintenance. Nowadays, in Lima, which has almost a third of the population of Peru, presents a large traffic volume, and this significantly affects the roads, especially in the South, where the pavement is highly exposed to sulfates and the natural subgrades have a relatively low bearing capacity. Considering this, in the south region of Lima appropriate constructions of concrete pavements are necessary, using the correct technology and with optimal materials, so they can provide a quality service with low maintenance. On the other hand, industrial processes should be applied to improve the quality and optimize the investment with efficiency. For all of this, the use of CRCP with pozzolanic cements is proposed. This research carried out the design of eight concrete mixtures with pozzolanic cements type HS and IPM, within which one of them was chosen to be applied as an alternative to improve the durability of rigid pavements in this zone. This design ensures a compressive strength of 310 kg / cm2, a rupture modulus of 35 kg / cm2, a water/cement ratio of less than 0.45 and a slump of 2½” in the workplace, which is ideal for a constructive process with a slip formed paving machine. To validate these main characteristics of the concrete, experiments took place in the laboratory for the concrete in fresh and hardened state. In addition, a cost – benefit analysis comparing different types of pavement (flexible, JPCP y CRCP) was made using the optimal mixture obtained in this research.
Tesis
Toffolo, Rodrigo Vicente Machado. "Pavimentos sustentáveis." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFOP, 2015. http://www.repositorio.ufop.br/handle/123456789/5293.
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Segundo dados da Conferência Nacional de Transportes, existem no país 1.713.885 km de rodovias, das quais apenas 202.589 km são pavimentadas, isto é, apenas 11,8% da malha. Além disso, o crescente carregamento imposto pelo tráfego de veículos tem levado ao aparecimento excessivo de patologias nas rodovias pavimentadas, como trincas e afundamentos nos pavimentos. Assim, tornam-se necessárias novas tecnologias sustentáveis para a construção de rodovias, diminuindo o impacto gerado pela construção e pela extração de recursos naturais. Este trabalho apresenta uma análise de viabilidade do concreto compactado com rolo (CCR) como revestimento de pavimentos rígidos com substituição total dos agregados naturais pelos agregados artificiais (escória de aciaria elétrica e escória de aciaria LD). O trabalho foi executado em três etapas: (i) caracterização física, química e ambiental dos agregados naturais e artificiais de acordo com as normatizações, (ii) dosagem e compactação na umidade ótima dos corpos de prova cilíndricos e prismáticos, e (iii) confecção dos corpos de prova para determinação do seu comportamento em situação de serviço (expansibilidade, absorção de água, índice de vazios e massa específica real) e para determinação da resistência mecânica (resistência à compressão, resistência à tração por compressão diametral, resistência à tração na flexão aos 3 e 28 dias de idade e módulo de elasticidade estático e dinâmico aos 28 dias). Com os resultados dos experimentos, conclui-se que através de dosagens ótimas e utilizando energias de compactação compatíveis, é possível produzir pavimentos com resíduos da indústria siderúrgica de forma eficiente, econômica e ambientalmente correta. __________________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT: According to the National Transport Conference, there are 1.713.885 km of roads in Brazil, of which only 202.589 km are paved, i.e. only 11,8% of the road network. Moreover, the increasing load imposed by vehicular traffic has led to excessive pathologies in the paved roads, such as cracks and sags on the surfaces. Therefore new sustainable technologies for the construction of roads are required, in order to reduce the impact caused both by the construction itself and by the extraction of natural resources. This paper presents a feasibility analysis of the roller compacted concrete (CCR) as a coating for hard pavements, with the complete replacement of natural aggregates by artificial ones (electric steelmaking slag and steelmaking slag LD). The work was executed in three steps: (i) physical, chemical and environmental characterization of the natural and artificial aggregates, according to the norms, (ii) dosage and compaction at optimum moisture of the cylindrical and prismatic specimens, and (iii) production of specimens for determining their behavior under service situation (expansibility, water absorption, void ratio and specific mass) and for determining the mechanical strength (compressive strength, tensile strength by diametrical compression, tensile strength by bending after 3 and 28 days and static and dynamic modulus of elasticity after 28 days). The results of the experiments enable concluding that through optimal dosages and using compatible energy compression, it is viable to produce pavements with residues of the steel industry in an efficient, economic and environmentally friendly way.
Montalvo, Guevara Marco Eduardo. "Pavimentos rígidos reforzados con fibras de acero versus pavimentos tradicionales." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/6117.
Full textTesis
Matos, Lucas Henrique Lozano Dourado de. "Pavimentos intertravados de concreto utilizando resíduos de PET /." Ilha Solteira, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/180816.
Full textResumo: O crescimento da população e do seu poder aquisitivo mudaram a geração de resíduos. Atualmente se produz resíduos diferentes em qualidade e volume diferentes daqueles produzidos por gerações passadas. Entre os resíduos gerados atualmente se encontram os resíduos de PET, oriundos de embalagens descartáveis, que acarretam problemas ambientais devido ao descarte incorreto. Este trabalho se propõe em estudar a aplicação destes resíduos para a produção de pavers de concreto, observando suas características de desempenho em relação aos pavers produzidos com concreto convencional, ambos produzidos por procedimentos manuais. Para atingir o objetivo proposto foram realizados ensaios de trabalhabilidade, ensaios de massa específica em estado fresco e endurecido, ensaios de absorção de água, medição da incorporação de ar, ensaios de resistência à compressão, tração e impacto e microscopia eletrônica de varredura para os traços produzidos com 5%, 10%, 15% e 20% de substituição em volume dos agregados miúdos e graúdos. Dessa maneira, foi possível buscar informações a respeito do comportamento obtido por meio da substituição parcial dos agregados pelos resíduos de PET produzindo peças com características semelhantes àquelas proporcionadas pelos pavers convencionais, atingindo a resistência à compressão de 35 MPa, definida em norma, em 4 traços produzidos, mesmo com valores de absorção superiores aos 6% estipulados em norma.
Abstract: Population growth and purchasing power changed waste generation. Currently the wastes produced differs in quality and volume than that produced by past generations. Amongst the waste currently produced are the PET waste, originating from disposable packaging, which generate environmental problems due to incorrect disposal. The purpose of this work is to study the application of these residues in concrete pavers production, observing the performance characteristics in comparison to those produced with conventional concrete, both produced by manual procedures. To achieve the proposed goal were performed workability tests, specific weight in both fresh and hardened conditions, water absorption tests, air content tests, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and impact tests and scanning electron microscopy for the concrete designs containing 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume of both fine and coarse aggregate. Thus, it was possible to achieve information about the concrete behavior produced with partial substitution of the aggregates by the PET waste, producing pavers with similar characteristics of those provided by pavers produced with conventional concrete, achieving the compressive strength of 35 MPa, required by standard, in 4 mixtures with substitution, although the absorption values were above the 6% required by standard.
Mestre
Tseng, Ester. "Reciclagem total de pavimentos de concreto como agregados para construção de novos pavimentos de concreto: o caso do Rodoanel Metropolitano Mário Covas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-20102010-164010/.
Full textThe study of concrete pavement recycling for its use in new pavements has shown to be of great importance considering the quantity of materials that are necessary to reconstruct these roads. Besides the environmental gain, due to a lesser extraction of aggregates, there is also an economic gain, with smaller transportation and material purchasing costs. The aggregate originated from the crushing of old concrete slabs has historically been shown to be able to be employed in the construction of a new concrete pavement. However, there are limitations, since its utilization does not result in a concrete with the exact same properties of the conventional concrete. The present work presents the results from the analysis of the characteristics from the aggregates produced through the crushing of old concrete slabs using a jaw crusher and an impact crusher, as well as the influence of the use of recycled aggregates on the concrete mechanical properties. The crusher type comparative study has shown that aggregates obtained from a jaw crusher and from an impact crusher have very similar characteristics. The concrete mechanical characteristic study reveals that flexural strength, indirect tensile strength and modulus of elasticity decrease as the aggregates water absorption increase. Concerning compressive strength, however, there was no observed decrease when only coarse recycled aggregates were used. Nevertheless, when fine recycled aggregates were employed besides coarse recycled aggregates, there was a decrease in compressive strength.
Miranda, William Ferreira. "Análise paramétrica de vibrações em pavimentos de concreto armado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2018. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/33849.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa do Distrito Federal (FAPDF).
Os avanços da engenharia estrutural têm propiciado estruturas com grandes vãos e com dimensões cada vez mais esbeltas, contudo, estas se tornam mais suscetíveis a fenômenos que até então não lhes eram comuns. É o que ocorre com casos de vibrações excessivas em estruturas de concreto armado para determinados tipos de utilização. Frente a necessidade de atender satisfatoriamente o bom desempenho das estruturas em suas situações de serviço, busca-se entender a influência das diversas decisões de projeto nos parâmetros dinâmicos da estrutura e na resposta desta frente a seus carregamentos corriqueiros e às particularidades do concreto armado. Dentre as tipologias estruturais mais utilizadas em pavimentos de edifícios de concreto armado (lajes apoiadas sobre vigas, lajes apoiadas sobre pilares com e sem capitéis e lajes nervuradas), estudar-se-á quais são mais suscetíveis a vibrações e quais decisões de projeto mais afetam os parâmetros dinâmicos dentro de uma mesma tipologia. Características do concreto armado como fissuração, fluência, armaduras não constantes nas seções, resistência e módulo de elasticidades variáveis no tempo são de consideração fundamental em análises estáticas e podem influir na análise dinâmica. Essa consideração frequentemente se dá em pavimentos por meio de ferramentas computacionais baseadas na analogia de grelha, portanto, esse tipo de modelagem computacional será aplicado no estudo dos parâmetros dinâmicos tanto para viabilizar a modelagem de pavimentos reais, quanto para utilizar este grande volume de dados oriundos da análise estática no momento da verificação dinâmica. Com base no estudo destes parâmetros, almeja-se concluir se as vibrações excessivas podem ser o fator limitante de dimensionamento de pavimentos de concreto armado em comparação com deformações estáticas e esforços, e quais as melhores alternativas o projetista dispõe durante a etapa de concepção estrutural para evitar esse tipo de problema.
The advances in structural engineering have been providing structures with large spans with increasingly slender dimensions, however, these become more susceptible to phenomena that until now were not common to them. This occurs in cases of excessive vibration in reinforced concrete structures for certain types of use. In view of the need to satisfactorily provide the good performance of the structures in their service situations, it is sought to understand the influence of the various design decisions on the dynamic parameters of the structure and in its response when submitted to frequent loadings while considering the particularities of the reinforced concrete. Among the structural typologies most used in reinforced concrete floors (slabs supported by beams, flat slabs with and without capitals and waffle slabs), a study will happen regarding which ones are most susceptible to vibrations and which design decisions most affect the dynamic parameters within the same typology. Characteristics of reinforced concrete such as cracking, creep, non-constant reinforcement in the sections, time-varying resistance and modulus of elasticity are fundamental considerations in static analysis. This consideration is often used in floors through the usage of computational tools based on grillage analysis, so this type of computational modeling will be applied in the study of the dynamic parameters in order to make feasible the modeling of real pavements as well as to use this large volume of data originated in the static analysis, during the dynamic verification. Based on the study of these parameters, it is desired to conclude if excessive vibrations may be the limiting factor of dimensioning in comparison to static deformation and stress, and which are the designer’s alternatives during the structural conception to avoid this kind of problem.
Reis, Eduardo Martins dos. "Análise de pavimentos de edifícios utilizando a analogia de grelha." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90204.
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No procedimento manual empregado para determinação dos esforços e deformações nos pavimentos de edifícios em concreto armado, adota-se a decomposição da estrutura em lajes e vigas para a análise individual de cada elemento. Neste trabalho, será realizado um estudo sobre avaliação de esforços de pavimentos utilizando a técnica da analogia de grelha, considerando-se a interação lajeviga-pilar, num comparativo com outros processos, como o método dos elementos finitos e métodos simplificados. Ainda sim, será necessário avaliar alguns parâmetros que podem modificar os resultados na modelagem de um painel de lajes, sendo desta forma, importante analisar o efeito de cada um deles separadamente, entre eles, a rigidez à torção da viga e a influência da disposição da malha sobre o pavimento. In the manual process employed for the determination of the efforts and deformations in the pavements of concrete buildings, the decomposition of the structure is adopted in slab and beams for the individual analysis of each element. In this work, will be made a study about evaluation of the pavement bending moments using the technique of the grid analogy, being considered the interaction slabbeam-column, in a comparative one with other processes, as the method of the finite elements and simplified methods. Finally, it will be necessary to evaluate some parameters that can modify the results in the modelling of a panel of slabs, being this way, important to analyze the effect separately of each one of them, among them, the torsion to rigidity of the beam and the influence of the disposition of the mesh on the pavement.
Garnett, Neto Gustavo. "Estudo tecnico e economico da manutenção de um pavimento de concreto." [s.n.], 2001. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258352.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
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Resumo: Pavimentos Rígidos de Concreto de Cimento Portland são utilizados, em geral, como revestimentos de vias com tráfego muito intenso e para as quais se pretende uma longa vida útil e nenhuma necessidade de manutenção. Estes pavimentos, quando bem projetados e bem construídos, geralmente atendem a essas expectativas. Porém, na construção de pavimentos de grande extensão, podem ocorrer defeitos em algumas de suas placas, que, posteriormente, demandarão reparos corretivos, para a preservação da integridade de sua superfície. Este trabalho apresenta estudo feito sobre o desempenho de produtos especiais, disponíveis no Brasil, destinados à recuperação de defeitos em placas de pavimentos rígidos de concreto; desenvolve uma análise econômica dos custos de manutenção desses pavimentos; e apresenta o estudo de um caso real de manutenção e reabilitação de um corredor de circulação exclusiva de ônibus urbanos, na cidade de Campinas, SP
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Guarda, Mônica Cristina Cardoso da. "Cálculo de deslocamentos em pavimentos de edifícios de concreto armado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-06042016-103726/.
Full textThis work presents an analysis of deflections for reinforced concrete beams, slabs and floors under perpendicular loading. The ANPAV program - a finite-element program developed at SET-EESC-USP that allows estimating the deflections considering reinforced concrete non-linear behavior - is used. With finite layered-elements for beams and plates it is possible to evaluate deflections taking into account cracking, shrinkage, creep and tension stiffening. Firstly, deflections for a wide range of isolated beams and slabs cases are calculated in order to evaluate the influence of several important parameters. Then, multiplier coefficients for assessing long term deflections from immediate deflections and minimum thickness expressions to ascertain serviceability limit states are suggested, both for beams and slabs. Finally, deflections for residential building floors are calculated for linear and non-linear analysis and the results are compared in order to validate the models and parameters obtained from isolated beams and slabs.
Rodrigues, Lezzir Ferreira. "Juntas em pavimentos de concreto: dispositivos de transferência de carga." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-06052008-104105/.
Full textThis paper presents an experimental study of the behavior of transverse joints in slabs of plain concrete, under elastic support. Once it subjects to tensions, caused so much by the loading as for warped and volumetric variations of the slap, the joints can cause a sensitive reduction in the life of the pavement, in case they are not properly design to support the loads forced. Due to this, the mechanical connection among the slabs of the pavement is fundamental to guarantee a better efficiency in the transfer of those efforts and, consequently, a prolongation in the useful life of the pavement. In the paper, concrete areas, with dimensions of 220 cm x 60 cm and thickness of 12 cm and 16 cm were loading frame monotonic until the rupture, in one on the sides of the joint. The study analyzed the behavior of the system slab/joint for different metallic devices of transfer, being them: dowels of circular and square sections, plates and disks, adopting two devices for model. Two different types of joints were analyzed, according to the typology, as sawed and molded joints. The tests data show that the increase in the thickness of the pavement increases in resistant capacity, for the two types of joints. Already the typology of the joints can influence in the maximum load of the model, once the concrete presence below the device causes variation in the vertical rigidity of the group, known as interaction concrete-dowel, taking the sawed model rupture with a superior load. The loading cycles increased the cracks propagation under the load side, they reduced the load crack partly of the models, but they didn\'t reduce ultimate force. The disk plate, in function of the collected data, presented the best performance in relation to the others, and it is suggested as the preferential transfer device of load to obtain a larger efficiency of the system.
Dal, Prá Artur Antonio. "Análise de alternativas de projeto para pavimentos sem vigas em concreto armado." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100577.
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Há diversas alternativas estruturais para pavimentos em concreto armado de edificações, podendo ser empregados sistemas sem vigas (lajes lisas, nervuradas e maciças), sistemas convencionais (de lajes, vigas e pilares), ou até mesmo combinar ambos os sistemas, aproveitando as vantagens específicas de cada um deles conforme os fins a que se destinam. Cada uma destas opções tem seu uso direcionado às características geométricas de cada projeto. Ou seja, os vãos a ser vencidos e as diversas possibilidades de posicionamento dos pilares. O mercado imobiliário mostra-se competitivo, então é apropriado combinar qualidade, baixo custo e rapidez. Dependendo das características da obra, justifica-se privilegiar algum determinado aspecto dentre os demais. Este trabalho se propõe a avaliar, de maneira comparativa, algumas soluções para estruturas de pavimentos sem vigas, nas diferentes alternativas construtivas: lajes maciças sem vigas (com e sem armadura para evitar a punção), laje lisa nervurada com cubetas e alternativa para pavimento convencional de laje-vigapilar. Para fazer tal estudo, definem-se dois diferentes projetos, onde ocorre o dimensionamento das alternativas citadas e obtenção dos índices de consumo para direcionar anteprojetos e estimar viabilidade de alternativas. Conclui-se que não é adequado afirmar que determinada alternativa é sempre mais viável em detrimento de outra, pois cada caso tem suas particularidades e a análise de viabilidade deve compreender as consequências impostas por cada alternativa, como a influência do Estado Limite de Serviço e os aspectos arquitetônicos.
Abstract : There are several alternatives for structural concrete floors of buildings, can be employed without beams systems (flat slabs, ribbed and solid , conventional systems (slabs, beams and columns), or even combine both systems, taking the specific advantages of each of them according to their intended purposes. Each of these options has its use targeted to geometric characteristics of each project. That is, the gaps to be overcome and the various possibilities for positioning of the collumns. The real estate market seems to be competitive, then it is appropriate to combine quality, low cost and speed. Depending on the characteristics of the work is justified to focus a preference among the others. This study aims to assess in a comparative way some solutions to structural floors without beams in different constructive alternatives: solid slabs without beams (with and without reinforcement to avoid punch), ribbed slab with buckets and alternative to conventional floor slab-beam-column. To make such study were defined two different projects, which were calculated the alternatives mentioned and provided parameters for direct projects and estimate the feasibility of alternatives. Conclude that it isn#t appropriate to say that a particular alternative is always more viable over another, because each case has its own peculiarities and feasibility analysis should consider the consequences imposed by each alternative, as the influence of the Service State and architectural aspects.
Fonseca, Rodríguez Carlos Humberto. "Diseño de mezclas asfálticas densas de alto rendimiento." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653686.
Full textPonente: Dr. Carlos Humberto Fonseca Rodríguez. La conferencia abarca temas de diseño de pavimentos especiales, destacando la metodología PAVE adaptada por México según AMAAC.
Affonso, Eudir Alves. "Considerações sobre o projeto e execução de pavimentos de concreto em edificações." [s.n.], 1997. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258014.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
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Resumo: Este trabalho trata dos pavimentos de concreto apoiados sobre o solo, de utilização corrente em obras de edificações, contém a análise estrutural, técnicas de projeto e processos de execução
Abstract: This text deals with the behavior of concrete floors built on the ground, usually employed in general building constructions and contents the structural analysis, the design process and construction methods
Mestrado
Estruturas
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Oliveira, Patrícia Lizi de. "Projeto estrutural de pavimentos rodoviários e de pisos industriais de concreto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2000. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-29052006-165910/.
Full textIn this work are studied the main parameters of the structural project of concrete highway and industrial pavements. A bibliographical rising is made presenting the structural characteristics of several types of rigid pavements. Direct and indirect actions in the concrete pavements are discussed and the procedures of load consideration are analyzed. Models for represent the foundation, the pavement and the materials are showed. A summary of Westergaards theory for determination of stresses owed to the traffic and of Bradburys theory for determination of stresses owed to the curling is presented. The behavior of rigid pavements under several loading configurations is analyzed, with a software based on finite elements method. The thickness design methods for concrete pavement indicated by DNER are presented and discussed. The equation for determination of shrinkage reinforcement is showed and a procedure for design of positive steel is developed, based on the brazilian code. The cracking mechanism and the importance of joints are analyzed. Design equations for dowels and tie bars are studied. Numeric design examples are developed for plain concrete pavements, for reinforced concrete pavement, and for design of the joints
Fioriti, Cesar Fabiano. "Pavimentos intertravados de concreto utilizando resíduos de pneus como material alternativo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-27092007-184727/.
Full textConcerns regarding the environment and shortage of natural resources have led the way for sustainable alternatives. The recycling process seems to be a suitable alternative to minimize the use of natural resources as well as the lack of proper disposal sites caused by the large amounts of discarded waste worldwide. Within this context, rubber residues from recapped tires are used for insertion. This work was developed with the objective of studying some of the properties of concrete paving, with partial substitution of the aggregate for tire residues. For the production of pavers the bands of Portland cement consumption was considered at 292,84 kg/m³, 323,06 kg/m³ and 347,00 kg/m³, and the levels of residues incorporation at 8%, 10%, 12%, 15% and 20%, in volume. The studied properties were: compressive strength, water absorption, impact resistance, deep abrasion and expansion resistance to humidity. The results show decrease in the compressive strength. The water absorption does not undergo negative influence. Pavers demonstrated substantial capacity for energy absorption (tenacity). The results of abrasion resistance reveal interesting applications for locales with low degree of demands. Expansion by humidity will not affect the interspersing of pavers. However, the results have shown viability in the use of pavers interspersed with tire residues in asphalt with light load demands.
Cicolin, Luiz Antonio Betin. "Estabilidade em edifícios de concreto armado com pavimentos em lajes planas." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2007. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4622.
Full textThis present work covers possible manners of evaluating steel concrete frames designed for multiple flooring buildings as far as instability and necessity of second order efforts are concerned. Starting from single floor projects with simple flat slab frame, models with different numbers of floors are considered. The models do not use large rigidity elements such as staircases and lift shafts. The modeling used in this piece adopts simplified criteria for vertical action dimensioning, forming frames with flat slab layers taken as low height beams. These models are evaluated. Based on the results, the work analyzes the application validity of criteria to dismiss consideration of the NBR6118:2003 code presented second order global effort, and compares this against the P-∆ process utilization. Results both with and without inverted beams at the periphery are compared.
O presente trabalho aborda maneiras possíveis de avaliar estruturas de concreto armado destinadas a edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos quanto à instabilidade e necessidade de considerações de esforços de segunda ordem. A partir de plantas simples de estruturas em lajes planas, são considerados modelos com diferentes números de pavimentos. Os modelos não utilizam elementos de grande rigidez, como poços de elevadores e escadas. A modelagem utilizada adota os critérios simplificados para dimensionamento às ações verticais, formando pórticos com faixas de lajes admitidas como vigas de pequena altura. Estes modelos são avaliados. A partir dos resultados, analisa- se a validade a aplicação dos critérios para dispensa de consideração dos esforços globais de segunda ordem apresentados na NBR6118:2003, e se compara com a utilização do processo P-∆. São comparados resultados para estruturas com e sem utilização de vigas invertidas na periferia.
Oliveira, Cinara Souza de. "Análise comparativa técnico-econômica entre os pavimentos de concreto asfáltico e blocos intertravados de concreto." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2018. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/7422.
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Esta dissertação tem por objetivo comparar economicamente o pavimento de concreto asfáltico e de blocos intertravados de concreto na pavimentação urbana da Avenida Severo Dullius, considerando os custos das soluções propostas pelos métodos. A avenida em estudo é uma das principais vias radiais que compõe o anel viário que dá acesso ao Aeroporto Internacional Salgado Filho, é tida como essencial dentro do plano de mobilidade urbana do município de Porto Alegre/RS, localizada em zona urbana alagadiça, com subleito constituído de solos de baixo poder de suporte e tráfego comercial pesado. O dimensionamento foi realizado para um trecho 2,3 Km e, contou com estudos geotécnicos, com intuito de caracterizar física e mecanicamente o solo do subleito, considerou-se a contagem e classificação do tráfego atuante na via. Em seguida, foi analisado o comportamento estrutural desses pavimentos urbanos na referida situação e apresentados os métodos construtivos adequados e recomendados. Aplicou-se para o pavimento em concreto asfáltico o método de dimensionamento de pavimento flexíveis – DNER atual DNIT, e para o bloco intertravado de concreto empregou-se o método da ABCP (1998). Para permitir a comparação técnica e financeira entre os pavimentos, foram consideradas suas características estruturais e os respectivos períodos de projetos. Contabilizaram-se os custos da implantação e da conservação. Com os orçamentos disponíveis, efetuou-se uma comparação de serviços com o objetivo de identificar sua viabilidade econômica, propondo o assim o pavimento adequado para a via selecionada. Concluiu-se que para este estudo a utilização do bloco intertravado de concreto como solução final em função do custo comparado, apresentou-se uma economia de 16,93% no custo final da implantação, portanto economicamente mais vantajosa em relação ao concreto asfáltico. Diante disto, concluiu-se também, que uma análise econômica de um pavimento rodoviário, deve-se sempre abordar todos os custos e benefícios pertinentes, considerando todas as fases de sua implantação.
This dissertation aims to compare economically the asphalt concrete and interlocking concrete blocks in the urban paving of Severo Dullius Avenue, considering the costs of the solutions proposed by the methods. The avenue under study is one of the main radial roads that makes up the ring road that accesses the Salgado Filho International Airport, and it is considered imperative to the urban mobility plan of the city of Porto Alegre / RS, located in and urban swamp area, with subsoil consisting of low support power soils and heavy commercial traffic. The sizing was carried out for a 2.3 km stretch, and it was based on geotechnical studies in order to physically and mechanically characterize the subsoil soil, considering the counting and classification of the traffic acting on the road. Next, the structural behavior of these urban pavements in the mentioned situation was analyzed and the suitable and recommended construction methods were presented. The method of sizing of flexible pavement – DNER current DNIT was applied to the asphaltic pavement, and the ABCP (1998) method was used for the interlocked block of concrete. In order to allow the technical and financial comparison between the floors, their structural characteristics and the respective project periods were considered. The costs of implementation and conservation were taken into account. With the budgets available, a comparison of services was carried out in order to identify their economic viability, thus proposing the adequate pavement for the selected route. It was concluded for this study that, as a final solution, the use of the interlocked concrete block compared with the concrete, showed a saving of 16,93% in the final cost of the implantation, thus economically more advantageous in relation to the asphalt concrete. In view of this, it was also concluded that an economic analysis of a road pavement should always address all relevant costs and benefits, considering all phases of its implementation.
Moura, Jose Cavalcante. "Analise comparativa do desempenho dos metodos de dimensionamento de pavimentos rigidos." [s.n.], 1999. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258734.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
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Resumo: O trabalho trata da análise comparativa do desempenho dos métodos de dimensionamento de pavimentos rígidos,onde foram considerados os da PCA,AASHTO/86 e o dimensionamento dos pavimentos estruturalmente armados, tendo como objetivo principal analisar as variações de cada um quando se faz mudanças em alguns parâmetros. Para atender aos objetivos previstos, foram feitas variações do tráfego, coeficiente de recalque "k" e do módulo de ruptura do concreto, visando observar a sensibilidade de cada um deles. Após toda essa análise, constatou-se que, de um modo geral e atendo-se aos procedimentos prescritos pelos respectivos métodos, existem parâmetros que têm maior influência na redução da espessura do pavimento, como por exemplo, as barras de transferência para os da PCA-84 e AASHTO e o acostamento de concreto para o PCA-84 , como também, existem outros parâmetros que apresentam pouca sensibilidade no dimensionamento do pavimento ...Observação: O resumo, na íntegra, poderá ser visualizado no texto completo da tese digital
Abstract: Not informed.
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
MOURA, Lyneker Souza de. "Incorporação de cinzas de algaroba geradas no APL de confecções do agreste pernambucano em concreto betuminoso usinado a quente – CBUQ." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/24925.
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FACEPE
As obras de pavimentação rodoviária, requerem a exploração de grandes quantidades de materiais em seu estado natural, necessitando assim da exploração de jazidas. A cinza de Algaroba pode ser aplicada como um fíler alternativo em revestimentos asfálticos, em substituição aos recursos naturais. Dessa forma, pode vir a resolver esse problema e ser um descarte ambientalmente correto para essa cinza, pois a cinza ficará aprisionada entre os grãos da mistura e envolta em um filme do ligante. Nessa ótica, tem-se a proposta da incorporação dessa cinza como fíler no concreto betuminoso usinado a quente (CBUQ), estabilizando granulometricamente a mistura. A caracterização das cinzas de Algaroba foi realizada macroscopicamente por meio de granulometria; quimicamente por FRX (fluorescência de Raios-X); microscopicamente por MEV (microscopia eletrônica de varredura) e mineralógica por DRX (difração de Raios-X). A estabilidade da mistura por meio da análise do método MARSHALL. Além disso, resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência, resistência a fadiga e resistência ao dano por umidade induzida (Lottman), foram avaliados para as misturas com 3,0%, 3,5%, 4,5% de adição de cinza às misturas com teor de ligante ótimo, comparativamente à mistura de referência (sem cinza de Algaroba). A cinza de Algaroba é composta de carbonato de cálcio e apresentou características granulométricas e físicas compatíveis com seu uso como fíler alternativo em materiais asfálticos. O teor ótimo de ligante foi de 5,5% para as misturas. Os resultados apontam que a incorporação de 3,5 à 4,0% de cinza na composição granulométrica de CBUQ (faixa “C” do DNIT) apresentou melhorias nas propriedades mecânicas de resistência à tração, módulo de resiliência, fadiga e dano a água, sendo assim tecnicamente viável sua aplicação como forma de destinar este resíduo.
Road pavement constructions require big amounts of natural raw materials, extracted from deposits. The Algaroba ash can be applied as an alternative filler in asphalt coatings instead of the natural resources. In this way, its use can come to solve this problematic, as well as being an environmentally correct disposal for this ash. Since the ash will be trapped between the grains of the mixture and wrapped in a film of the binder. In this perspective, it is proposed to incorporate this ash as filler in the hotbituminous concrete (HMA), stabilizing granulometrically the binder. Characterization of Algaroba ashes was macroscopically performed by granulometry, as well as chemically by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and mineralogy X-ray diffraction by XRD. Their morphology was also visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The stability of the composite was carried out by MARSHALL method. Also, tensile strength, modulus of resilience, fatigue strength and resistance to damage by induced humidity (Lottman) were evaluated for the mixtures with 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.5% addition of ash to the mixtures with optimum binder content, compared to the reference mixture (without Algaroba ash). The ash of Algaroba is composed of calcium carbonate and presented granulometric and physical characteristics compatible with its use as an alternative filler in asphaltic materials. The optimum binder content was 5.5% for blends. The ash of Algaroba was efficient to contribute with the compactness of the system. The results indicate that the incorporation of 3.5 to 4.0% of ash in the HMA according to the grain size composition "C" (range of DNIT) showed improvements in the mechanical properties. The tensile strength, the modulus of resilience the durability by the fatigue and water damage were all improved, thus being technically feasible its application as a way of allocating this residue.
Maggi, Patrícia Lizi de Oliveira. "Comportamento de pavimentos de concreto estruturalmente armados sob carregamentos estáticos e repetidos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-31052006-162340/.
Full textA numerical and experimental study on the behavior of structurally reinforced concrete pavement under vertical static and repeated load is presented. The contribution of bending reinforcement to the strength of concrete slab is assessed. It is experimentally verified the fracture of reinforced and plain concrete slabs under monotonic loads and under cyclic loads. The concrete cracking and the strain on steel are monitored. The results are compared to the brazilian code recommendations to the design of structures under fatigue. A numerical model that represents the soil-slab interface, the concrete cracking, the reinforcement contribution and the tension stiffening behavior is developed. Some important parameters to the pavement design are analyzed using this finite element model, whose reliability was verified to experimental results. These parameters are: the soil capacity; the slab thickness; reinforcement ratio; slab dimensions; load positions; and joints conditions. The tests data show an important contribution of the positive reinforcement on the strength of an isolated slab with centered load. It has been verified the fatigue of the steel. The number of cycles depends on the reinforcement strain. The results are used to propose some directions to the design. The positive and negative bending moments have to be considered and the fatigue on the concrete and on the reinforcement has to be verified
Bernardo, Tibério Rômulo Romão. "Contribuição à análise da confiabilidade em pavimentos de edifícios de concreto armado." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-06122017-150713/.
Full textIn the last years, important developments and innovations took place in the structural engineering context. In spite of that, most of that progress does not consider the random nature of the involved variables. Based on these aspects, a contribution to the safety and reliability analyses for building floors is presented. It is also introduced probabilistic and statistic concepts, applied to a well-known non-linear models for the reinforced concrete elements (Ghali & Favre). The concrete compression strength, as well as beam and floor displacements are assumed random variables, following a known probability distribution. The aim of the work is to relate the concrete characteristic strength in compression (fck) and the Young\'s modulus with certain levels of reliability, expressed by the β index and by the failure probability of the limit state function. The behaviour of the basic variables and their interactions are analysed in order to evaluate the safety reached by applying NB-1 (Brazilian code for reinforced concrete structures) and EUROCODE design recommendations. Moreover, some comments are made on the future studies required to achieve a single reduction coefficient γc for the concrete strength, which may be given in terms of the basic variables of material models and their probability distributions.
Raymundo, Henrique. "Análise de pavimentos de edifícios em concreto préfabricado considerando o efeito diafragma." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4666.
Full textOne of the main differences in the structures composed of prefabricated elements of the conventional structures (cast in situ) refers to the way of how structural elements are connected together. The operation of such links is essential to perform an accurate analysis of stability and removed from these buildings. A place where the connection is very important in verifying the structural behavior is among the cellular elements of the slab. In a conventional structure, usually made of solid slabs for floors, it is observed that the behavior of slabs have a great influence on the distribution of efforts arising from actions horizontal resistance between the porch and, consequently, the stability of the same. This phenomenon, defined as a rigid diaphragm, can also be found in precast buildings, with floors composed of hollow core slabs. In order to verify the necessity of including some details of connection between the slab elements (joints between the slabs and among other things) will be proposed in this paper the analysis of five structures with different characteristics, considering the different possibilities of bracing and disposal of prefabricated slabs in the floor. Consideration will be given the difference in the distribution efforts of the pavements, considering the application of shear walls and gateways, as well as the provision of slabs parallel and perpendicular to side action. The interference of the cover structure will also be analyzed in a number of examples. From a modeling specific to the floors of these buildings and different situations with different levels of horizontal actions, one can determine the stresses at specific points of the same, thus indicating the types of reinforcements to be willing to actually floors act as a diaphragm. Finally, we intend to discuss the organization of prefabricated elements interfere in the distribution of efforts on the pavement (joints between the slab elements), based on different amounts of reinforcing bars of each type of pavement structure will require.
Uma das principais diferenças das estruturas compostas por elementos pré-fabricados das estruturas convencionais (moldadas in loco) faz referência à maneira de como os elementos estruturais são ligados entre si. O modo de funcionamento de tais ligações é primordial para se realizar uma correta análise de estabilidade e deslocabilidade dessas edificações. Um local no qual a ligação se faz muito importante na verificação do comportamento estrutural é entre os elementos de laje alveolar. Em uma estrutura convencional, geralmente composta por pavimentos de lajes maciças, observa-se que as lajes têm um comportamento de grande influência na distribuição de esforços advindos de ações horizontais entre os pórticos resistentes e, conseqüentemente, na estabilidade da mesma. Esse fenômeno, definido como diafragma rígido, pode também estar presente em edificações pré-fabricadas, com pavimentos compostos por lajes alveolares. De modo a se verificar a necessidade de inserção de alguns detalhes de ligação entre os elementos de laje (juntas entre as lajes e entre outros elementos) serão propostos neste trabalho a análise de cinco estruturas com características distintas, considerando as diferentes possibilidades de elementos de contraventamento e disposição das lajes pré-fabricadas no piso. Será analisada a diferença na distribuição dos esforços nos pavimentos, considerando a aplicação de paredes de cisalhamento e pórticos, bem como a disposição de lajes paralelas e perpendicular a ação lateral. A interferência da capa estrutural também será analisada em um dos exemplos numéricos. A partir de uma modelagem específica para os pavimentos dessas diferentes edificações e situações, com diferentes níveis de ações horizontais, podem-se determinar os esforços em pontos específicos dos mesmos, indicando assim os tipos de reforços que deverão ser dispostos para que de fato os pavimentos funcionem como diafragma. Por fim, pretende-se discorrer sobre como a organização dos elementos pré-fabricados interfere na distribuição dos esforços no pavimento (juntas entre os elementos de laje), com base nas diferentes quantidades de armaduras de reforço do pavimento que cada tipo de estrutura exigirá.
Silva, Andreia Rodrigues da. "Análise comparativa de custos de sistemas estruturais para pavimentos de concreto armado." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/FACO-5JVQDC.
Full textNeste trabalho, realiza-se um estudo comparativo de custos entre alguns sistemas estruturais utilizados para o cálculo e para o detalhamento de pavimentos de concreto armado. São analisados três pavimentos de edifícios distintos, variando-se em cada um deles o sistema estrutural utilizado. Inicialmente os três pavimentos são analisados considerando-se um sistema estrutural convencional, constituído de lajes maciças e vigas. Posteriormente, estes mesmos pavimentos são analisados como lajes lisas, maciças ou nervuradas. As lajes lisas nervuradas podem ter como materiais inertes blocos de poliestireno expandido (EPS) ou então blocos de concreto celularautoclavado. Finalmente, é feita uma análise usando-se como sistema estrutural lajes nervuradas cuja fôrma é obtida com moldes de polipropileno de formato troncopiramidal. Para a análise estrutural, detalhamento e levantamento de quantitativos é utilizado um software comercial. Na composição final dos custos dos pavimentos paracada solução adotada, estão incluídos materiais, fôrmas, mão-de-obra e tempo de execução. Em função dos resultados obtidos, é realizada uma ampla análise comparativa, procurando-se explicar as diferenças encontradas entre os custos dos sistemas estruturais.
Oliveira, Alexandre Lima de. "Contribuição para a dosagem e produção de peças de concreto para pavimentação." Florianópolis, SC, 2004. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/87148.
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Alencar, Paulo Cezar Dias de. "Avaliação experimental do concreto poroso na atenuação do escoamento superficial em parcelas urbanizadas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15141.
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O desenvolvimento urbano tem provocado mudanças qualitativas e quantitativas sobre o escoamento superficial, sendo necessário, em geral, implementar medidas com o objetivo de compensar a ação humana nas áreas de intervenção e de influência de empreendimentos e assim, restabelecer as condições originais do local ou, pelo menos, mitigar os impactos causados. A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo monitorar a perda da capacidade de infiltração e sua posterior recuperação por meio de lavagem com bomba de alta pressão, bem como analisar aspectos executivos, em uma parcela experimental de concreto. A obra consistiu da construção de um estacionamento revestido com 15cm de concreto poroso, seguido por colchão drenante de 30cm. O experimento foi projetado para permitir o monitoramento da parcela escoada superficialmente e da parcela que infiltra no colchão drenante em três momentos distintos: pavimento novo, pavimento colmatado e depois de recuperado. Quando novo, o concreto poroso se mostrou técnica eficiente de controle do escoamento superficial das águas pluviais, conseguindo drenar 100% de chuvas de 2,35mm/min para o colchão drenante de brita 3 instalado abaixo da placa de concreto. Contudo após sua total colmatação, a limpeza do pavimento não garantiu a total recuperação da permeabilidade inicial do pavimento, tendo sido essa limitada a uma taxa máxima de 21,90L/min na vaga de estacionamento, o que corresponde drenar uma chuva de intensidade de 1,75mm/min.
Urban development has caused qualitative and quantitative changes in the runoff, being necessary, in general, to implement measures in order to compensate the human action in the areas of interventions and influence of businesses and thus restore the original conditions of the site or, at least, mitigate the impacts. This research aims to monitor the loss of infiltration capacity and its subsequent recovery by using high-pressure pump, as well as analyze aspects executives, on a plot of porous concrete. The work consisted of the construction of a parking covered with 15cm of porous concrete, followed by 30cm draining bed. The experiment was designed to allow monitoring of rainfall and infiltrated portion in draining bed in three separate times: new, clogged and recovered pavements. The porous concrete technique has been shown effective to control the runoff of rainwater, achieving 100% drainage of the 2.35 mm/min for the drainage gravel nº3 bed installed below the concrete pavement. However its total fouling, cleaning of the pavement did not guarantee full recovery of the initial permeability of the pavement, these being limited to a maximum rate of 21.90L/min in the parking spot, which corresponds to drain a rain intensity of 1.75 mm/min.
Silva, Tiago Fernando Thomazelli da. "Estudo da interação entre edifícios de alvenaria estrutural e pavimentos em concreto armado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-06042016-104201/.
Full textA structural masonry building is commonly supported by a reinforced concrete structure. That interaction is complex to evaluate due to the existence of the so-called \"arch effect\". In fact, usually this interaction is not considered and the loads are uniformly applied over the concrete structure. This work proposes a simple and efficient numerical procedure based on the finite element method in order to consider that interaction. First, basic concepts about arch effect and the adopted strategy for considering it are shown. After, a computational program for data generation and results visualization is presented. This program was developed for making easier to build the numerical models for the analysis. Finally, real cases of complete buildings are considered so that the practical use can be clearly established.
Soares, Rodrigo de Carvalho. "Otimização de seções transversais de concreto armado sujeitas à flexão: aplicação a pavimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 1997. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-29052018-103206/.
Full textNowadays, there is a continuous development in structural computational analysis for known geometrical, loading and boundary conditions. Much effort has been made on the pre and pos-processors, which is the main part of the time spent in designing. The automatic definition of the geometrical characteristics for the structural elements, however is poor yet. Today, this phase is still carried out by the engineer, only with an indirect machine help. This work presents an optimal method to automate the first draft design of the beams reinforced concrete floor. A formulation to achieve the cross-section minimum cost function is proposed and then extended to the whole floor by combined approximation methods. In order to obtain the cost function the following values have been considered: the beam depth and the steel area. As problem constraints, the steel geometric rate, the steel compression with the steel tension rate and the limit displacement have to be prescribed by the user.
Sousa, Wallace Fioravanti de. "Estudo sobre a aplicação de agregado reciclado de concreto em construção de pavimentos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18143/tde-22112011-090155/.
Full textNatural resources exploitation and the environmental degradation are a worldly problem nowadays. Searching for alternative solutions is something usual in most countries. Pavement systems are now contributing significantly with these alternative solutions by using the waste of construction demolition. This specific kind of waste can turn into mixed recycled aggregate or recycled concrete aggregate. There are just few researches in Brazil about the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA), however international researches have shown that this aggregate has a very characteristic and positive mark: self cementation. This research has got the objective of studying the mechanic behavior of the recycled concrete aggregate and its mix with lateritic soil on the construction of base pavements with different analytic basis. The study involved the analysis of the laboratorial tests results of the unconfined compressive strength, tangent modulus, resilient modulus, permanent deformation and California Bearing Ration (CBR) of RCA specimens and its mix with lateritic soil, molded in different compaction energy and tested in different curing times. In conclusion, this kind of recycled aggregate has proved to be a sustainable alternative for the natural aggregate in the construction of many roads in small cities of the State of São Paulo - Brazil.
Santos, Luciano Ferreira. "Sistemas de contraventamento aplicados em estruturas pré-moldadas de concreto de múltiplos pavimentos." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2015. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7349.
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The use of precast concrete system in multi-storey buildings demand for structural solutions that enable its horizontal stability without implicating the architectural and economic aspects, its challenge is borne by the structural engineer, who often need to assign additional structures (substructures of bracing) that provide the rigidity necessary to ensure the overall stability of the assembly. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the technical and economic performance of bracing systems applied to buildings with multiple floors with precast concrete structure and can be justified by the current need to develop appropriate technically ways of choice in the constructive system. The development of this study is the analysis of global stability in multi-storey buildings with the application of bracing systems, evaluating the influence of the stiffness and the arrangement of these elements in the performance of the structure, and comparing the concrete consumption values of the structures formed by beams and columns (disregarding the slabs and the foundation), and also values of the efforts in the foundation. To develop this study we used the commercial software STRAP® as a support tool for calculations, where the results gotten by it, showed that the bracing substructures improved the behavior of the structures analyzed in the issue of global stability. Finally, they were provided the necessary subsidies for the proper choice of the wind bracing system to be employed on the structures analyzed in this work.
O emprego do sistema pré-moldado de concreto em edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos demanda por soluções estruturais que viabilizem a sua estabilidade horizontal, sem o comprometimento dos aspectos arquitetônicos e econômicos, tal desafio fica a cargo do engenheiro de estruturas, que muitas vezes necessita atribuir estruturas complementares (subestruturas de contraventamento) que ofereçam a rigidez necessária para garantir a estabilidade global do conjunto. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar e avaliar o desempenho técnico e econômico dos sistemas de contraventamento aplicados em edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos com estrutura prémoldada de concreto e pode ser justificado pela necessidade atual de desenvolver maneiras tecnicamente adequadas de escolha do sistema construtivo. O desenvolvimento deste estudo consiste na análise da estabilidade global em edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos com a aplicação dos sistemas de contraventamento, avaliando a influência da rigidez e da disposição desses elementos no desempenho da estrutura, e comparando os valores dos consumos de concreto das estruturas formadas por vigas e pilares (desconsiderando as lajes e a fundação), e também os valores dos esforços na fundação. Para o desenvolvimento deste estudo foi utilizado o software comercial STRAP® como ferramenta de auxílio para os cálculos, onde os resultados obtidos através do mesmo, demonstraram que as subestruturas de contraventamento melhoraram o comportamento das estruturas analisadas na questão da estabilidade global. Por fim, foram fornecidos os subsídios necessários para a escolha adequada do sistema de contraventamento a ser empregados sobre as estruturas analisadas neste trabalho.
Leite, Ana Cecilia Ferreira. "Comportamento estrutural de edificações de concreto de múltiplos pavimentos considerando o efeito construtivo." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2015. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1175.
Full textNos últimos anos, a indústria da construção civil experimentou um forte crescimento na demanda por edifícios de múltiplos pavimentos de concreto armado. Este comportamento do mercado impulsionou construtores a acelerar todas as etapas do processo de construção, a fim de entregar a edificação em um tempo cada vez mais curto. Como decorrência deste fato, as estruturas são carregadas mais precocemente, ocasião em que as suas propriedades de resistência e deformação ainda não se encontram suficientemente maduras para suportar o carregamento construtivo que a solicita. Com a finalidade de compreender quais consequências são provocadas por esse carregamento prematuro da estrutura e analisar a importância dos efeitos construtivos no projeto de edificações de concreto armado, o trabalho traz o resultado de análises não-lineares realizadas com o Método dos Elementos Finitos adotando uma abordagem usualmente referida como staged construction construção em estágios aplicada a uma edificação real, situada na Cidade do Recife, Estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Nestas análises foram levados em consideração os efeitos da retração, fluência e envelhecimento do concreto. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que os deslocamentos verticais nos pilares, decorrentes dos efeitos construtivos, são fortemente alterados quando comparados com os deslocamentos verticais resultantes da análise sem a consideração dos estágios de construção. A não consideração desses efeitos construtivos podem, em alguns casos, conduzir a manifestações patológicas importantes na edificação.
The building industry has experienced in recent years a strong growth in demand in general and in the case of reinforced concrete buildings this increase has been more marked. This fact has also contributed to accelerate all stages of the production process of these constructions with more pronounced effects on the methodologies used in the constructive steps that influence directly the structural design of the building. Structures loaded at ever earlier ages, in which the strength and deformation properties of materials are not yet sufficiently mature, it is a variable that needs to be taken into account already in the design phase so that the concrete structure behaves within acceptable level of reliability taking into account design code recommendations for service life. To understand the importance of constructive effects and to assess its magnitude in the execution of reinforced concrete buildings, this paper present result from nonlinear analyses using Finite Element Method adopting an approach commonly referred as staged construction applied to a typical building found in the practice. The effects of creep and shrinkage were considered and the results obtained demonstrate that the strains due to constructive effects can, in certain cases, assume representative values which, if ignored, can lead to important pathologies in the building.
Salvador, Paulo Fernando. "Investigação teórica e experimental da transferência de cargas entre pavimentos de concreto escorados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/98130.
Full textThis paper investigates, theoretically and experimentally, load transfer that occurs between reinforced concrete pavements connected by props and seeks to identify events and procedures that promote critical actions for implementation. In a recent review, ABNT codes suggest a greater concern on the actions applied to structures with a still young concrete. The national and international literature consulted also indicates the occurrence of pathological manifestations resulting from excessive deformations in structures due to construction actions which may overcome what is expected on the project. An experimental methodology is developed in this work and two experimental analyses on multi-storey buildings with accelerated execution cycles are shown. The shoring remaining and the re-shoring of a representative proportion of the structures were instrumented by placing load cells, intending to measure the loads that are transferred to the pavements through the props. The first test involved the instrumentation of two props, corresponding to the remaining shoring, on a medium sized slab, in four consecutive pavements. The second test involved the instrumentation of eight props, corresponding to the re-shoring, in a large slab on a single deck. Several situations have been observed in the experiments such as sensitivity to thermal variations, creep in concrete, uncontrolled tightening of props on re-shoring condition, among other important aspects. The results showed a great potential investigative of the implementing technical and handling of shoring systems, remaining shoring and re-shoring, including the need to expand the experimental investigation. It was identified that the theoretical models require an increase of values and that forms of application of the loads on the slab by the props, strongly influence the magnitude of requests, resulting in significant loss of security. It was concluded that it is important to expand the loading project combinations with load levels according to the constructive stages and application mode, consistent with the amount and position of the props.
Adada, Lucas Bach. "Avaliação das condições estruturais e funcionais de pavimentos de concreto de cimento portland." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81472.
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Levantamentos de condição de superfície têm sido largamente utilizados como alternativa da determinação do desempenho, manutenção e reabilitação de pavimentos de concreto. Dentre estes levantamentos destacam-se os levantamentos de defeitos, de deflexões e de aderência. Com o objetivo de verificar a condição funcional e estrutural dos pavimentos de concreto através dos levantamentos realizados, foram analisadas as condições de superfície através da determinação do Índice de Condição do Pavimento, das condições de derrapagem através dos resultados do equipamento Griptester, da macrotextura através dos ensaios de mancha de areia e drenabilidade, bem como, da condição estrutural através de métodos não destrutivos com a utilização do equipamento do tipo Falling Weight Deflectometer. Foram realizadas as análises dos procedimentos dos levantamentos mencionados e do resultado dessas avaliações determinou-se o comportamento das estruturas. Por último, com base em critérios técnicos foi elaborado um fluxograma para tomada de decisão para seleção de serviços adequados de manutenção e/ou reabilitação de pavimentos de concreto viários.
Rheinheimer, Vanessa. "Utilização de ensaios não destrutivos no controle tecnológico de execução de pavimentos de concreto tipo Fast Track." Florianópolis, SC, 2007. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/90747.
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Pavimentos construídos com a finalidade de uma rápida liberação ao tráfego, chamados de pavimentos de concreto fast track, sanam a necessidade de rapidez na liberação de pavimentos ao tráfego, podendo, quando bem construídos, proporcionar uma maior durabilidade à estrutura. Nestes pavimentos, necessita-se do constante monitoramento das propriedades mecânicas, em especial a resistência à tração na flexão, de forma a se ter segurança no momento da liberação da placa ao tráfego. Métodos não destrutivos, como o método da maturidade e ultra-som, são usualmente empregados para este monitoramento internacionalmente. Este trabalho aprofunda o estudo sobre a utilização de ensaios não destrutivos no monitoramento do ganho de resistência in loco em pavimentos de concreto fast track. Cinco misturas de concreto possivelmente utilizáveis em pavimentos rígidos foram investigadas e uma mistura aplicável a pavimentos de concreto fast track foi escolhida. Curvas de maturidade, seguindo-se o procedimento ASTM C 1074 (1998) para obtenção de valores da Energia de Ativação no concreto foram desenvolvidas a partir de ensaios de resistência à compressão e alternativamente a partir de ensaios de resistência à tração na flexão, propagação de ondas ultra-sônicas e início e fim de pega. Posteriormente, para a mistura escolhida, foi moldada uma placa-teste em tamanho real e submetida a um carregamento estático em seu ponto central, e em um ponto próximo ao bordo. Uma análise numérica foi desenvolvida a fim de localizar os pontos de maiores esforços na placa, bem como o nível de tensões provocado pela aplicação da carga. O desenvolvimento da resistência da placa foi continuamente estimado a partir do método da maturidade e ultra-som. Esperou-se aplicar o carregamento em torno de 24 horas após a concretagem, simulando aplicações fast track, o que se deu antes do esperado. As tensões e as deformações foram monitoradas em pontos específicos, e os valores comparados com os do modelo numérico, de maneira a conhecer comportamento da placa. Os resultados indicaram que todos os traços podem ser usados em aplicações fast track, já que atingiram altas resistências iniciais. O ultra-som não se forneceu resultados satisfatórios, porém foi possível estimar a resistência através do método da maturidade. Na placa de pavimento, os resultados no modelo real foram semelhantes ao modelo teórico, sendo este considerado uma boa aproximação.
Pirola, Fernanda Carvalho. "Contribuição para o estudo de concreto seco utilizado na fabricação de peças de concreto para pavimentação de 50MPA." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/95668.
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A utilização de pavimentos com blocos pré-moldados de concreto de 50MPa vem crescendo nos últimos anos, fato este comprovado pelo aumento do número de fabricantes. Este aumento do consumo se deve a diversos fatores, entre eles: facilidade na execução deste pavimento, bom desempenho do mesmo frente ao uso, maior permeabilidade, grande variedade de cores e modelos, facilidade de manutenção e reciclagem. Porém, apesar desta crescente expansão, constata-se que ainda são poucas as fábricas que conseguem garantir as resistências características preconizadas pela norma NBR 9781 (ABNT, 1987) e poucos são os estudos realizados na área dos concretos #secos# utilizados na produção destas peças. Em função disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal estudar a influência de algumas variáveis do processo produtivo de PCP de 50MPa na resistência mecânica e energia de compactação destas peças. As variáveis analisadas foram: traço, teor de sólidos, teor de brita 0, umidade, tipo de areia grossa e teor de areia fina. Além disso, avaliou-se a relação entre os resultados de energia e resistência à compressão obtidos em laboratório (com corpos-de-prova 9x8cm) e os dos equipamentos de vibro-compressão. Os estudos mostraram que é possível a previsão de resistência à compressão das PCP, bem como de sua textura e energia demandadas para fabricação, através de corpos-de-prova cilíndricos de 9x8cm moldados por meio do soquete de compactação. Os resultados mostraram, ainda, que todas as variáveis estudadas influenciam significativamente na resistência a compressão e energia de compactação das PCP com nível de confiabilidade superior a 95%. A areia de britagem estudada de uma maneira geral, mostrou-se ineficiente para a fabricação de PCP de 50MPa, pois, além de não aumentar significativamente a resistência à compressão das peças, aumentou bastante a energia de compactação demandada. Também o controle da variável umidade mostrou-se de extrema importância para o alcance das propriedades desejadas. O entendimento destas influências permitiu conceber uma solução de produção de peças com menores custos, menor desgaste dos equipamentos e com o máximo de constância possível quanto a textura e resistência mecânica, mostrando que o controle destas variáveis torna-se fundamental para o alcance das exigências preconizadas por norma e para a obtenção de produtos mais homogêneos na produção de PCP com Fpk = 50 MPa.
The use of pavements made from precast concrete blocks (pavers) of 50MPa has been growing in recent years, a fact borne out by the increase in the number of manufacturers. This increase in use is due to various factors, amongst them: ease of application, performance in use, greater permeability, large variety of colours and models, easy maintenance and recyclability. However, whilst there is large expansion, there continues to be few manufacturers who can guarantee the accepted and recommended resistance characteristics which conform to NBR 9781 (ABNT, 1987) and little research carried out in the area of #dry. concrete used in the production of these pieces. In response to this, the main objective of this work is to study the influence of some varied production processes of PCP 50MPa regarding mechanical resistance and the energy required to compact these pieces. The parameters analysed were: mix proportions, solids content, quantity of crushed stone, humidity, type of coarse sand and quantity of fine sand. As well as this it evaluates the relationship between energy results and compressive strength obtained in the laboratory (using 9x8cm specimens as reference) and of vibro-compression equipment. The studies demonstrate that it is possible to predict the compressive strength of PCP, as well as its texture and energy required for manufacture, using cylindrical specimens of 9x8cm, moulded through a compaction hammer as reference. Moreover the studies showed that, all the parameters studied significantly influence the compressive strength and the compaction energy of PCP with a level of reliability higher than 95%. A general study of crushed stone demonstrated its inefficiency for the manufacture of PCP 50MPa, since although not significantly increasing the resistance to the compression of the specimens tested, it significantly increased the compacting energy required. The control of moisture content was also shown to be extremely important in achieving the desired properties. Understanding these influences, is was possible to arrive at a solution for production of pavers with less cost, less stress on equipment and with the maximum possible consistency regarding texture and mechanical resistance. It was also shown that the control of these parameters becomes fundamental to comply with market demands and standard requirements for achieving the most homogeneous products in the production of PCP with Fpk = 50 MPa.
Pinto, Liliane Lopes Costa Alves. "O desempenho de pavimentos permeáveis como medida mitigadora da impermeabilização do solo urbano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3147/tde-31082011-160233/.
Full textThe increasing urbanization and the consequent imperviousness of the soil are the main factors that may interfere with the flow of stormwater. It causes the accelerating of the flow with the decrease in transit times and the increase of peak flows. The occurrence of flooding in areas not previously affected is getting more frequently. The imperviousness of large areas that may interfere with the hydrological conditions of a region should be analyzed by the technicians. The technicians and academics find themselves face to face with the challenge of researching, studying, analyzing and proposing techniques that can mitigate the effects caused by rain in densely urbanized areas. This study intends to give a contribution to the urban drainage and is proposing the adoption of a compensatory technique that has proved very efficient. This is the type of permeable pavement without infiltration into the soil. This device was implanted in a conventional way in a parking lot at the University of Sao Paulo with the financial support of the Sao Paulo City Hall. During 6 months two types of permeable pavements covered with permeable interlocking concrete pavement and porous pavement were monitored. The instrumentation consisted of a rain collector and four level sensors installed in collection boxes provided with spillways. During the research it was developed a mathematical model to validate the physical model. At the end of the studies it was concluded that the performance of permeable pavement for the two types of structures monitored resulted in weakening of flow between 28% and 87% in the permeable interlocking concrete pavement and 56% and 85% in the porous pavement. Therefore, this type of device was very effective.
SILVA, Juliano Rodrigues da. "Estudo Experimental de Pavimentos de Concreto: Influência da Posição da Barra de Transferência e do Tipo de Concreto." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2009. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/681.
Full textThis work presents an experimental study of the behavior of transverse joints in unreinforced concrete slabs under elastic support. Due to the tensions caused by loads and volumetric variations in the slab, transverse joints when badly executed can cause a efficiency reduction in the shear transfer, thus reducing the useful life of the concrete pavement. To have a better efficiency in the shear transfer in joints of concrete pavements, 500 mm transfer bars are used with bar diameters varying from 10 mm to 32 mm. These bars are positioned at midheight of the sawed joints spaced at every 300 mm. This research seeks to verify the influence of the positioning of the transfer bars and the influence of different types of concrete on sawed joints of concrete pavements. Three different types of unreinforced concrete were used: conventional concrete, steel fiber concrete and self-compacting concrete. The experimental program consisted of the application of static monotonic loading in nine concrete plates, simulating concrete pavements, with dimensions 2200 mm x 600 mm, with a sawed joint at midlength supported by an elastic rubber layer. The experimental results showed that joints with transfer bars performed much better than those joints without transfer bars and that bars located at midheight perform better than those bars positioned at 45 mm from the base. The concrete types were quite different, however the steel fiber concrete was shown to be more efficient than the other two concrete types, and the conventional concrete was more efficient than self-compacting concrete, probably because aggregate interlock is better in conventional concrete
Este trabalho apresenta um estudo experimental do comportamento de juntas transversais em placas de concreto simples, apoiadas sobre uma fundação elástica. Devido às tensões provocadas pelo carregamento e por variações volumétricas das placas, as juntas transversais quando mal executadas podem ocasionar uma redução da eficiência da transferência de esforços, reduzindo assim, a vida útil do pavimento de concreto. Para que ocorra uma melhor eficiência da transferência dos esforços nas juntas transversais são utilizadas barras de transferência com diâmetro comercial variando de 10 mm a 32 mm e comprimento de 500 mm. Essas barras são posicionadas sob as juntas serradas na altura de ½ da espessura da placa de concreto e posicionadas a cada 300 mm uma da outra. Esta pesquisa visa verificar a influência das juntas serradas em função do posicionamento das barras de transferência e a influência do uso de concreto simples autoadensável, concreto simples convencional e concreto convencional simples com fibras de aço. O programa experimental constou de ensaios com aplicação de carregamento estático monotônico em nove placas, simulando pavimentos de concreto, com dimensões 2200 mm x 600 mm, dotadas de junta transversal serrada e apoiadas sobre uma camada de borracha. Os ensaios experimentais mostraram que a junta serrada em placas com a presença de barras de transferência tem um desempenho muito melhor do que as placas sem barra de transferência, e que quanto à altura das barras em relação à base, tiveram um melhor desempenho nas barras posicionadas a ½ altura que a 45 mm da base. Os tipos de concreto foram bastante distintos, porém o concreto convencional com fibras se mostrou mais eficiente que os outros dois tipos de concreto, e o concreto convencional se mostrou mais eficiente que o concreto autoadensável, provavelmente em função do intertravamento dos agregados do concreto convencional que são mais solicitados do que os agregados do concreto autoadensável
Cresce, Salvador Homce de. "Análise não-linear de pavimentos de concreto armado pelo método dos elementos de contorno." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-11062007-094230/.
Full textThis work refers to the formulation of the boundary element method for non-linear analysis of building floor structures. The plate bending theory adopted to develop the work wad due to Reissner, which has demonstrated to be efficient for thick, moderated thick and thin plates. The kinds of load applied on the plate medium surface have been taken into account: concentrated loading, distributed over sub-domains; distributed along internal lines. The presence of initial moment fields convenient to model temperature effects and to be used to build up non-linear solutions has also been considered in the formulation. The domain integrals containing complex kernels to take into account the initial moment field influences were modified by introducing their primitive functions, avoiding therefore using series expansions. To integrate the initial moments fields only approximations based on internal nodal points were used. The resulting cell integrals have been transformed to the cell boundary which results into regular integral only. A boundary element formulation to treat structural system defined by combining plates with other structural element was developed, using interface force as unknowns. The BEM/FEM coupling developed to treat this case is simple but robust; only displacements have been coupled avoiding important singularities that may happen when coupling rotations. The resulting system of algebraic equations has been regularized by using the least square method. The concrete material was modeled by using the Mazar\'s damage model, while the steel reinforcement was assumed to behave as elastoplastic material with isotropic hardening. Finally, some examples are shown to illustrate the accuracy of the presented formulation and the numerical schemes proposed in this work.
Albuquerque, Augusto Teixeira de. "Otimização de pavimentos de edifícios com estruturas de concreto pré-moldado utilizando algoritmos genéticos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-25032008-092341/.
Full textThe precast concrete structures are more modular and standardized than the cast in place concrete structures, therefore optimization techniques can improve economics gain because of series production. Among the optimization techniques in structural engineering design, genetic algorithms have been recognized as a trend. This work aims the floor precast concrete building optimization using GA\'s and minimizing the cost. The main goal of the work is to present a model to optimize the floor taking account of the structural, architectonics and constructive restrictions. The adopted model reached its purpose of the representing the more realist as possible the problem. The cost function considered not only the material consumption but the manufacture, transport and assembled stage. An integrated structural optimization is performed from the structural layout (columns position, directions and spans for beams and hollow cores) through the complete elements detailing (dimensions and reinforcement). The example results evidence the effectiveness of the formulation, they were very consistent with the design practice and they present the system application possibility like a decision support system that helps the engineer in the projects development. It was implemented a transgenic routine to improve the convergence and a twin routine to improve the variability of the population.
Mastella, Miguel Ângelo. "Avaliação mecânica e toxicológica de pavimentos de concreto contendo resíduo de areia de fundição." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNESC, 2013. http://repositorio.unesc.net/handle/1/2046.
Full textCasting process of ferrous and nonferrous materials use molds generally made of sand to form the piece. Depending on the manufacturing process of the mold (based on green sand and using phenolic resin or alkyd), the sand may contain substances which prevent direct deposition on the environment, is most often classified according to standard ABNT NBR 10004:2004 as waste Class II – non inert. The recycling of this waste is limited, since their characteristics change significantly after its use. On the other hand, the reuse of this by-product in the construction industry is a technically feasible alternative; however, the effect of the addition should be evaluated, especially from the mechanical and environmental point of view. Thus, the objective of this work is to study the effect of using the waste of foundry sand in cement materials, such as masonry blocks for walls, masonry blocks, paving blocks, among others. Blocks containing up to 50wt% of substitution of sand by foundry sand were prepared and evaluated by compressive strength testing and toxicity testing, using Daphnia magna, onion root, and earthworm. Results showed that the leaching material showed a feasible alternative to use up to 25wt% (Composition C2) of substitution of sand by this waste for the production of concrete blocks. The mechanical properties were also evaluated and the results showed that Composition C2 presented compressive strength superior to 35 MPa at 56 days, showing no significant loss in compressive strength with the addition of this waste.
O processo de fundição de metais ferrosos e não ferrosos utiliza moldes, em geral compostos de areia, para dar forma à peça. Dependendo do processo de fabricação do molde (a base principalmente de areia verde e utilizando resina fenólica ou alquídica, entre outras), a areia pode conter substâncias que impedem a deposição direta no ambiente, e na maioria das vezes é classificada de acordo com a Norma ABNT NBR 10004:2004 como resíduo de Classe IIA - Não Inerte. A reutilização deste resíduo é limitada, visto que suas características mudam significativamente após o uso. Por outro lado, o emprego (reaproveitamento) deste subproduto na construção civil é uma alternativa tecnicamente viável; entretanto, o efeito de sua adição deve ser avaliado, sobretudo sob o ponto de vista mecânico e ambiental. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é estudar o efeito do emprego do resíduo de areia de fundição na confecção de artefatos cimentícios, tais como: blocos de alvenaria para paredes, blocos de alvenaria estrutural, blocos de pavimentação, entre outros. Blocos contendo teores de substituição de areia por resíduo de areia de fundição entre 0 e 50% em peso foram confeccionados e avaliados por meio de ensaios de resistência à compressão e testes de toxicidade, utilizando-se Daphnia magna, raiz de cebola e minhoca. O estudo com material obtido da lixiviação apontou viável a substituição de até 25% em peso de areia por este resíduo para a produção dos blocos de concreto. As propriedades mecânicas também foram avaliadas e os resultados mostraram que a Composição C2, contendo 25% em peso de substituição de areia por resíduo de areia de fundição, apresentou resistência à compressão aos 56 dias de superior a 35 MPa, mostrando que não houve perda considerável na resistência à compressão com a adição do resíduo.
Silva, Carlos Eduardo Del Ben da. "Estudo da permeabilidade de misturas asfalticas de graduação aberta." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258209.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A malha rodoviária brasileira tem grande importância para o desenvolvimento do País. Observando-se que esta malha é predominantemente de pavimento flexível, o estudo das propriedades de misturas betuminosas se toma indispensável. Com o desenvolvimento tecnológico de asfaltos, novas aplicações estão se mostrando viáveis e tecnicamente interessantes. Em algumas dessas aplicações, espera-se que estas misturas tenham uma permeabilidade adequada para o escoamento das águas precipitadas. Para caracterizar estas propriedades, desenvolveu-se, no Laboratório de Estradas de Engenharia Civil da Universidade de Campinas UNICAMP, um estudo da permeabilidade de 4 tipos de misturas betuminosas que pudessem caracterizar o amplo leque de misturas de graduação aberta. A partir dos resultados de permeabilidade obtidos, propõe-se a adoção do ensaio em novos projetos de misturas asfálticas durante a fase de elaboração e viabilização do mesmo, verificando se o tipo de mistura adotada é apropriado ou não com relação à precipitação característica do local e promovendo, acima de tudo, a segurança aos usuários. Propõe-se, ainda, a continuação do estudo para novos tipos de misturas asfálticas porosas, salientando-se que a utilização destas misturas ganha espaço no cenário nacional
Abstract: Brazilian highway network plays a huge importance for country development. Since most of this roads is formed by flexible pavement, a proper characterization of this bituminous mixture is indispensable. Following the development of new asphalt binders the altemative applications are becoming economic feasible. One of these applications is permeable wearing course that helps to drain off rainfall. In order of understand such bituminous mixtures a research was undergone in University of Campinas' Road Laboratory of Civil Engineering - UNICAMP where four different open coarse gradations were characterized, presenting a wide range of cases. As a result of this research new test methods for mixture design are proposed. It will be useful for selecting the right mixture for that place (amount of rain) in order to ensure user safety mainly. The continuation of this research includes other open graded mction coarse design since the adoption of this solution is growing nationwide
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Amorós, Morote Carlos Enrique, and Ulloa José Carlos Bendezú. "Diseño de mezcla de concreto permeable para la construcción de la superficie de rodadura de un pavimento de resistencia de 210 kg/cm2." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/626313.
Full textPervious concrete is a special type of concrete which allows the passage of water through its structure due to its high percentage of voids unlike traditional concrete. This quality of pervious concrete allows to end the lack of permeability in traditional concrete structures thus preventing structural failures due to flooding and water runoff. This research will seek to find a mix design for pervious concrete to apply it as an alternative road surface for pavements. To verify the above, different mix designs were performed in laboratory to find the design that give us a compressive strength of 210 kg/cm2, the chosen design had the following features: water - cement ratio of 0.38, 13% air content, 1.5% additive superplasticizer and 7% of sand. To validate the research, a prototype was built with the chosen mix design, this prototype had an area of 2 m2 (1m x 2m). The fresh concrete was analyzed for its consistency, density, and void percentage; the hardened concrete was analyzed for its compressive strength, permeability and flexural strength, finally the prototype was load tested. The results indicated that the mix design used in the prototype with compressive strength of 261.58 kg/cm2 and a permeability of 0.01744 m/s can be used as an alternative rolling surface for pavements.
Tesis
Dias, Ricardo Henrique. "Análise numérica de pavimentos de edifícios em lajes nervuradas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18134/tde-23032016-094435/.
Full textThis work verifies, through parametric-numerical analysis of slabs stiffened with ribs, how much the disregard (or regard in a simplified way) of the existent eccentricity between the axis of the ribs and the medium plan of the plate influences on the results of displacements and acting efforts over the parts wich make the system. The theorical concepts related to each model of calculation allowed through technical codes have been presented, and, analysis have been made considering variations in the following parameters: relation between plate height and total height of the waffle slab; relation of distance between the axis of the ribs and the distance between the supporting points, and the gap between the axis of the ribs. Different mechanical models have been analysed using the finite element analysis, through the computer program ANSYS 5.5, considering an elastic-linear behaviour for the reinforced concrete material. Important aspects have been disclosed and should be carefully looked into for an adequate model choice, according to the analysed parameters to be applied in the design\'s offices. The need for eccentricity consideration has been verified, be it by using a realistic model or by simplified models, for close numerical results gathering of the real structural behaviour.
Fonteles, Dyaloisio Araújo. "Análise de tensões em pavimentos rígidos aeroportuários submetidos a cargas mecânicas e cargas térmicas sazonais não lineares." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2017. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/24714.
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O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar os efeitos da distribuição de temperatura não linear na espessura da placa nas tensões em pavimentos de concreto nas cidades de São Paulo e Sacramento. O presente trabalho estabelece uma metodologia para consideração de temperaturas medidas em pavimentos aeroportuários em diversas épocas do ano e observar as possíveis consequências da variação térmica para as distribuições de tensões. Desta forma, a distribuição de temperatura lineares e não lineares foram considerados para diferentes configurações das aeronaves A380 e B747 para analisar as tensões induzidas em pontos críticos do pavimento, por meio de programas que utilizam o método dos elementos finitos na solução dos problemas. Os resultados apontam que o gradiente térmico influencia diretamente as tensões de tração e compressão da placa de concreto. Para os casos do A380 e B747, os resultados mostraram que o trem de pouso completo do B747 induz maiores tensões de tração, quando gradientes de temperatura foram considerados, para ambas as espessuras analisadas. Os resultados das magnitudes das tensões mostram que as tensões de base e topo da placa são similares quando somente consideradas as tensões geradas pelo gradiente térmico linear ∆T. Entretanto, quando as tensões auto equilibrantes oriundas da distribuição de temperatura na espessura são consideradas, a cidade de Sacramento apresenta magnitudes de tensão de tração bem superiores as apresentadas pela cidade de São Paulo. Os resultados mostram e quantificam a importância da consideração da distribuição não linear de temperaturas no pavimento, uma vez que estas podem induzir maiores tensões de tração tanto na base da placa quanto no topo quando comparados com as tensões geradas somente considerando o gradiente térmico linear.
The objective of this work is to analyze the effects of nonlinear temperature distribution through concrete pavement’s thickness in the magnitudes of tension stresses at the concrete plate for the cities of São Paulo and Sacramento. The proposed work establishes a methodology for considering measured temperatures in airport pavements at different times of the year and to observe the possible consequences of the thermal variation for the critical stresses. In this way, the linear and nonlinear temperature distribution were considered for different configurations of the A380 and B747 aircrafts to analyze the stresses induced at critical points of the pavement, using the finite element method to predict the stresses. The results indicate that the thermal gradient directly influences the tensile and compressive stresses of the concrete slab. For the A380 and B747 cases, the results showed that the complete gear of the B747 induces higher tensile stresses when temperature gradients are considered for both thicknesses analyzed. The results of the stress magnitudes show that the stresses at both top and bottom of the concrete plate are similar only when considering the stresses generated by the linear thermal gradient ΔT. However, when the self-balancing stresses calculated from the nonlinear temperature distribution are considered, the city of Sacramento has tensile magnitudes higher than those presented by the city of São Paulo. The results show and quantify the importance of considering the temperature distribution on the pavement, as these can induce high tensile stresses both at the base of the plate and at the top rather than considering only stresses due to linear gradient.
Sicha, Flores Gino Gabriel. "Diseño con geosintéticos para la función de separación, filtración y refuerzo en pavimentos flexibles." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/11730.
Full textThe following research examines the use of geosynthetics in flexible pavements on three functions. The methods used to examine these include an overview of the design analysis, technical analysis and economic analysis of the use of geosynthetics. The approach used for this research required an evaluation of the following: first, the application of a non-woven needle-punched geotextile between the granular material and the foundation soil; second, the application of a non-woven needle-punched geotextile as a wrap of longitudinal sub-rows fulfilling the function of filtration. Third, the application of a triaxial reinforcement geogrid for the optimization of the pavement. For the separation function, the design was based on the AASHTO M288-96 standard and on the book "Designing with Geosynthetics" by Dr. Koerner. Through this procedure it was determined that the geotextile to be specified for the present case study would be the commercial geotextile GT320P. The technical analysis focused on the comparison of the number of equivalent axes that can support two pavements in particular. On one hand, a design that maintains effective layer thicknesses, thanks to the use of a separating geotextile. On the other hand, a pavement with less effective thickness of granular material due to the contamination of this with the soil of the subgrade. Through this analysis, it was observed that a subbase contamination of only 0.5 inches, would lead to a reduction of more than 10% of pavement serviceability in all sections. In regard to the economic analysis, the cost of the materials of two solutions was compared for the technical problem presented. One of these options consisted of a pavement that uses sacrificial thicknesses that assure the pavement's long-term serviceability. The other option consisted of evaluating the initial conventional design by adding the specified geotextile. Through this analysis it was determined that for a sacrificial thickness greater than 1 inch, the use of a geotextile would be more profitable instead. Regarding the filtration function, the design was based on the AASHTO M288-96 standard, the FHWA guide, the MTC hydrology manual and the book "Designing with Geosynthetics" by Dr. Koerner. In this way, it was determined that the geotextile specified for this function would be the commercial geotextile GT240. The technical analysis consisted in comparing the traffic supported by a pavement without longitudinal subdrain system to one that includes it in the design. For this, the initial pavement drainage coefficient was reduced to simulate the behavior of this without sub-arrays. From this analysis it was observed that a reduction of 0.1 of the permeability coefficient would reduce the pavement's serviceability by about 30%. Which would justify the use of geotextile for this function. The economic analysis focused on comparing these designs with respect to an estimated life time. It was observed that those pavements without subdrainage with a real life time lower than 6 years would be less profitable than using systems of geotextile subdrainage. Finally, for the reinforcement function, the preliminary design was based on the AASHTO R-50 standard and the program of the company TENSAR was used to carry out the final design corresponding to the TX160 geogrid for pavement optimization. The technical analysis consisted in comparing in a percentage way the variation of serviceability between the design with geogrid and the conventional design. In this case, the use of geogrid increased by more than 20% the pavement's serviceability from sector 3 to sector 6, even in the case of pavement optimization. For sector 1 and 2, the serviceability of conventional design was overcome, but not significantly. Then, through the economic analysis, the cost of the materials of both designs was compared. In this way, it was determined that the design with geogrid generated a saving of more than 10% compared to the initial design. For the topics discussed, a program was developed in Visual Studio in the programming language Visual Basic which facilitated the design and analysis. In addition, technical specifications and plans were made for the three applications of the geosynthetic material which are part of the information to be delivered at the time of carrying out a project.
Tesis
Zambotto, Danielle. "Estudo preliminar dos efeitos da reação álcali-agregado nas respostas estruturais de pavimentos de concreto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3138/tde-05012016-154709/.
Full textThis research work aimed to verify alterations on mechanical and structural responses of concrete slabs for paving when silica-alkalis reaction (SAR) has evolved within concrete microstructure. Two case studies support the experimental analysis: the International Airport of São Paulo at Guarulhos/Cumbica (pavements built since 1983) and the Experimental Concrete Pavement Sections at University of São Paulo (USP) Campus at São Paulo (built in 1999). Since 1997 it were observed SAR visual patterns (map cracks) at the airport freight apron and in 2002 again for the passengers aprons. Remarkably, it was verified horizontal displacements of slabs damaging the neighborhood structures (gutters, sidewalks and the terminal building piles), altering the lamppost bobs and moving the fuel pits points installed underneath the concrete slabs. Such a kind of abnormal behavior motivated the Airport operator company to perform an in deep forensic investigation. The methodology and steps for such investigation, including drilling samples, mechanical tests on samples, diffraction microscopy analysis, geophysics tests and falling weight deflectometer tests, which allowed to disclose the SAR occurrences. Some of the aforementioned tests were also performed for some of the Experimental Concrete Pavement Sections at USP since map cracks were observed since 2006. All the tests confirmed the SAR occurrences at both locations and results shown important loses for both concrete modulus of elasticity as well as for strengths, permitting to infer that such kind of microstructural pathology interferes on the mechanical behavior of the concrete pavements.