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Books on the topic 'Disjuncts'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Fernández, Amable. La rebelión de los disjuntos. Caracas, Venezuela: Ministerio de la Cultura, 2005.

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2

Symposium on "Tropical Intercontinental Disjunctions: Gondwana Breakup, Immigration from the Boreotropics, and Transoceanic Dispersal" (2002 University of Wisconsin, Madison). Tropical Intercontinental Disjunctions. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

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3

Steven, Foster. East-West botanicals: Comparisons of medicinal plants disjunct between eastern Asia and eastern North America. Brixey, Mo., U.S.A. (HCR Box 3, Brixey 65618): Ozark Beneficial Plant Project, 1986.

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4

Weberling, Focko. Die Nachfahren der Gondwana-Flora. Mainz: Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 1985.

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5

Belland, René Jean. The disjunct bryophyte element of the Gulf of St. Lawrence region : glacial and postglacial dispersal and migrational histories. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1985.

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6

Kolodny, Niko. Instrumental Reasons. Edited by Daniel Star. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199657889.013.32.

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Often our reason for doing something is an “instrumental reason”: that doing that is a means to doing something else that we have reason to do. What principles govern this “instrumental transmission” of reasons from ends to means? Negatively, I argue against principles often invoked in the literature, which focus on necessary or sufficient means. Positively, I propose a principle, “General Transmission,” which answers to two intuitive desiderata: that reason transmits to means that are “probabilizing” and “nonsuperfluous” with respect to the relevant end. I then apply General Transmission to the debate over “detachment”: whether “wide-scope” reason for a material conditional or disjunction implies “narrow-scope” reason for the consequent or disjuncts.

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7

Lassiter, Daniel. Scalar goodness. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198701347.003.0007.

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This chapter turns to deontic concepts. I argue that goodness is an interval scale, and consider two interactions with disjunction that would enforce the validity of the Disjunctive Inference: maximality (à la Lewis and Kratzer) and intermediacy. I identify a number of empirically problematic consequences of maximality, concluding that goodness is intermediate: a disjunction can be strictly worse than one of the disjuncts. I propose, as one way to flesh out the scale further, that goodness has the formal structure of expected value, and show that this proposal makes intuitively reasonable predictions about the puzzle cases for maximality as well as a wide variety of instances in which probabilistic information influences the relative goodness of outcomes. Finally, I discuss several possible schemata for the interpretation of the positive form good in light of the sensitivity of this item to prosodic focus and the non-synonymy of its positive and superlative forms.

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8

Portmore, Douglas W. Teleological Reasons. Edited by Daniel Star. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199657889.013.33.

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A teleological reason to φ is a reason to φ in virtue of the fact that φ-ing would either itself promote a certain end or is appropriately related to something else that would promote that end. And teleological reasons divide into direct and the indirect kinds, depending on whether the first or second of these two disjuncts applies. Thus, supposing that our end is to maximize utility, the fact that my killing one to save two would maximize utility is a direct teleological reason for me to do so, whereas the fact that my killing one to save two is prohibited by the code of rules whose universal acceptance would maximize utility is an indirect teleological reason for me to refrain from doing so. This chapter discusses various types of reasons, such as epistemic reasons (that is, reasons to believe), and whether all, some, or none of them are teleological. The chapter pays particularly close attention to the issue of whether all practical reasons (that is, reasons for action) are teleological.

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9

Coppock, Elizabeth, and Stephen Wechsler. The proper treatment of egophoricity in Kathmandu Newari. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786658.003.0003.

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In egophoric (or conjunct/disjunct) verb-marking systems, a conjunct verb form co-occurs with first-person subjects in declaratives and second-person subjects in interrogatives, and also appears in de se attitude and speech reports; a disjunct verb form appears elsewhere. Conjunct marking also interacts with evidentiality: a speaker who abdicates responsibility for the content of an utterance by means of an evidential marker uses the disjunct verb form despite co-occurence with a first-person subject. Focussing on the case of Kathmandu Newari, Coppock and Wechsler propose that conjunct morphology marks the contents of attitudes de se. They develop a formal treatment of egophoricity, including a dynamic discourse model of the way attitudes de se are communicated. The propositional content of an attitude de se, modelled as a set of centered worlds, is effectively uncentered by its agent, to produce an ordinary proposition that is eligible to enter the common ground.

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10

Dunster, Katherine Jane. The ecology of two northern marginal disjunct populations of Celtis tenuifolia Nutt. in Ontario, Canada. 1992.

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11

Kirkpatrick, Ruth Ellen Basford. An analysis of the mating system of the homosporous fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris ssp. disjunctum. 1988.

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12

Yust, Jason. A Geometry of Temporal Structure. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696481.003.0015.

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The associahedron is a geometric object, a multidimensional solid, whose vertices can be understood to represent the possible temporal structures on a given number of events. We can use it to relate temporal structures, such as two temporal structures on the same events in different modalities. Comparison of disjunct tonal and formal structures can be understood, for instance, as structural appoggiaturas or anticipations depending on which direction they point within the associahedron. This is illustrated with a number of analytical examples from previous chapters. A more symmetrical solid, the permutohedron, is embedded within the associahedron, and distance from the center of the permutohedron can be used as a measure of evenness for a temporal structure.

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13

MacEachern, Scott. Understanding Distributions of Chadic Languages. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190657543.003.0004.

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The distribution of Chadic languages in Africa is extremely diverse, including the widely dispersed Hausa language, the more restricted Central Chadic languages in the southern Lake Chad Basin, and the poorly understood Eastern Chadic languages in Chad. These distributions are disjunct in complex ways, and the relationships between Chadic and neighboring language families is extremely complicated. The genesis of these distributions lies in the mid-Holocene, with the occupation of the Lake Chad Basin by populations faced by the desiccation of the Sahara and the opening of arable lands further south. Further differentiation of Chadic languages appears to be associated with sociopolitical developments in the region, especially over the last 1,000 years. This chapter will consider the methodological challenges associated with studying the history of these populations using archaeological, linguistic, and genetic data, as well as providing an initial framework for understanding the social dynamics within which these linguistic distributions emerged.

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14

Ezcurdia, Maite. Semantic complexity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714217.003.0006.

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Neale has presented a bold empirical thesis about noun phrases in natural language, namely that they are either semantically structured restricted quantifiers or semantically unstructured rigidly referring expressions. This chapter aims to undermine this thesis by questioning whether there are any prima facie or general reasons for believing it and for adopting the strategy of explaining seeming counterexamples away. The chapter questions the second disjunct, in particular whether there are any good reasons for thinking that there are no semantically structured or complex referring expressions. It reviews a variety of considerations from reference, rigidity, the intelligibility of sentences with referring expressions, Neale’s own act-syntactic framework, and syntax. It argues that none of these provides good prima facie or general motivation for upholding the thesis. It claims that referring expressions could be semantically complex and provides some reasons for thinking that complex demonstratives are an example.

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15

Tapscott, Rebecca. Arbitrary States. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198856474.001.0001.

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In recent years, scholars of authoritarianism have noted a trend in which institutions designed to check arbitrary power have been hollowed out to facilitate its exercise. As they grapple with how to understand the disjunct between state institutions and enforcement power, scholars of sub-Saharan African states have been doing so for decades. Based on in-depth field research on local security in Museveni’s Uganda, Tapscott offers an innovative and provocative contribution to studies of authoritarianism and state consolidation: rulers maintain control by creating unpredictability in the everyday lives of local authorities and ordinary citizens. In this type of modern authoritarian regime, rulers institutionalize arbitrariness to limit the space for political action, while they keep citizens marginally engaged in the democratic process. By showing not just that unpredictability matters for governance, but also how it is manufactured and sustained, this book challenges and extends cutting-edge scholarship on authoritarianism, the state, and governance.

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