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Books on the topic 'Disordered magnetic systems'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 7 February 2022

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1

D, Yordanov N., ed. Proceedings of the International Workshop on Electron Magnetic Resonance of Disordered Systems (EMARDIS-89) Pravet͡z, Bulgaria, July 7-10, 1989. Singapore: World Scientific, 1989.

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2

Knaap, Marjo S. van der., ed. Magnetic resonance of myelin, myelination, and myelin disorders. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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3

Marjo S. van der Knaap. Magnetic resonance of myelination and myelin disorders. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer, 2005.

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4

Clinical MR neuroimaging: Physiological and functional techniques. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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5

Despine and the evolution of psychology: Historical and medical perspectives on dissociative disorders : a critical edition of A study of the uses of animal magnetism and mineral waters in the treatment of disorders of the nervous system followed by a case of a highly unusual cure of neuropathy by Dr. Charles-Humbert-Antoine Despine. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008.

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6

International, Workshop on Biomedical Imaging: MR and PET/SPECT (1996 Fukui-shi Japan). Recent advances in biomedical imaging: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Biomedical Imaging: MR and PET/SPECT, Fukui, Japan, 28-30 August 1996. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.

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7

Electron Magnetic Resonance of Disordered Systems (Emardis-91 : Proceedings of the International Workshop on Gjulechitsa, Bulgaria, May 27-31, 1991). World Scientific Pub Co Inc, 1991.

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8

Jonsson, Petra. Anistropy, Disorder & Frustration in Magnetic Nanoparticle Systems & Spin Glasses. Uppsala Universitet, 2002.

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9

Ballinger, James Ray. In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy of musculoskeletal disorders. 1994.

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10

Antunovic, Vaso. Magnetic Resonance In The Diagnosis Of Cns Disorders. THIEME, 2001.

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11

(Editor), Mark S. George, and Robert H. Belmaker (Editor), eds. Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Clinical Psychiatry. American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2006.

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12

Park, John G. Diagnosis and Common Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0616.

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Common symptoms of pulmonary disease include cough, sputum, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, cyanosis, and clubbing. A thorough history and physical examination, including palpation, auscultation, and percussion, are key to accurate diagnosis. The radiologic tests performed in the diagnosis of chest diseases include plain CXR, CT, magnetic resonance imaging, pulmonary angiography, and bronchial angiography. Simple microscopy with a "wet" slide preparation of sputum is helpful in assessing the degree of sputum eosinophilia and detecting the presence of Charcot-Leyden crystals. The major indication for pulmonary function tests (PFTs) is dyspnea. PFT results do not diagnose lung disease, but they are used to assess the mechanical function of the respiratory system and to quantify the loss of lung function. Obstructive, restrictive, and occupational lung diseases are reviewed.

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13

1958-, George M. S., and Belmaker Robert H, eds. Transcranial magnetic stimulation in clinical psychiatry. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub., 2007.

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14

Marques, Tiago Reis, and Shitij Kapur. Novel Approaches for Treating Psychotic Disorders. Edited by Dennis S. Charney, Eric J. Nestler, Pamela Sklar, and Joseph D. Buxbaum. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190681425.003.0021.

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Current antipsychotic medications have been the mainstay in the treatment of schizophrenia since chlorpromazine was introduced in 1952. However, all antipsychotics share the same mechanism of action, which involves a blockade of the dopamine D2-receptor. This chapter covers recent attempts to develop new treatments for psychotic disorders. These include new approaches to the delivery of existing antipsychotic medications and the most recent and promising mechanisms of action that are distinct from existing antipsychotics. Some of the new mechanisms of action include drugs targeting the glutamatergic system, the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, the phosphodiesterase 10A enzyme, or the muscarinic and serotoninergic system. Finally, we have reviewed a number of alternative nonpharmacological pathways, such as avatar therapy, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, or cognitive remediation. The chapter ends by discussing some of the major challenges facing the development of new treatments for psychotic disorders.

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15

Herring, Christina. Neuromodulation in Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Anthony J. Bazzan and Daniel A. Monti. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190690557.003.0013.

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Quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) is the transformation of the EEG by spectral analysis in which the amount of electrical activity at a particular frequency is determined and compared against a normative data base. EEG findings are specific for different psychiatric problems and help reveal brain abnormalities associated with psychological symptoms. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a system of delivering multiple pulses within a short time period that induce changes that outlast the stimulation period. Operant conditioning involves providing a reward to increase the probability of a certain behavior. Neurofeedback involves recording, analyzing, and presenting results of qEEG analyses in near real-time to patients in order to promote changes in brain electrical activity. This chapter reviews how neuromodulation works both clinically and from a neurophysiological perspective. This chapter also reviews current clinical data on the use of neuromodulation approaches for improving mental health and well-being.

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16

Davey, Kent. Magnetic field stimulation: the brain as a conductor. Edited by Charles M. Epstein, Eric M. Wassermann, and Ulf Ziemann. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198568926.013.0005.

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For the purposes of magnetic stimulation, the brain can be treated as a homogeneous conductor. A properly designed brain stimulation system starts with the target stimulation depth, and it should incorporate the neural strength–duration response characteristics. Higher-frequency pulses require stronger electric fields. The background of this article is the theoretical base determining, where in the brain TMS induces electrical activity, and whether this shifts as a function of differences in the conductivity and organization of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. The use of strong electric fields to treat many neurological disorders is well established. Both in the treatment of incontinence and clinical depression, the electric field should be sufficiently strong to initiate an action potential. The frequency, system voltage, capacitance, core stimulator size, and number of turns are treated as unknowns in a TMS stimulation design. This article presents the possible topological changes to be considered in the future.

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17

Benarroch, Eduardo E., Jeremy K. Cutsforth-Gregory, and Kelly D. Flemming. Mayo Clinic Medical Neurosciences. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190209407.001.0001.

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This text is intended to serve as an effective foundation on which to build knowledge in the classroom and at the bedside. Chapters have been ordered to improve the integration of neurochemistry and neuropharmacology with our understanding of the nervous system and to facilitate student grasp of the large sections of knowledge. Major sections are devoted to gross anatomy. The format of each chapter consists of Objectives, Introduction, Overview, and text. Clinical problems have been integrated into the text for self assessment. Detailed additional information has been identified in each chapter for those with a desire to go beyond general knowledge. The need to present the vast array of current knowledge of the nervous system required diagrams of anatomy and histology, including magnetic resonance and computed tomographic images to correlate with basic anatomy. Many concepts are clarified further with figures and the abundant use of color throughout. Sections address the neurologic examination and common disorders for systems and levels, including immunologic and genetic neurologic disorders.

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18

Carr, Lucinda J. An overview of cerebral palsy. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199550647.003.013003.

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♦ Cerebral palsy is a permanent disorder of movement or posture due to non-progressive lesions of the immature brain♦ Magnetic resonance imaging is generally recommended and can provide important prognostic information♦ Only a minority of cases are due to birth trauma♦ Modern classification systems incorporate function as well as anatomical involvement♦ Management aims to maximize a child’s potential both as an individual and within society. Other associated conditions may impact on quality of life and participation♦ Multidisciplinary involvement is essential with use of physiotherapy, orthotics, and tone management (focal and systemic) as necessary.

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19

Gray Hardcastle, Valerie, and C. Matthew Stewart. fMRI: A Modern Cerebrascope? The Case of Pain. Edited by John Bickle. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195304787.003.0009.

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This article examines the application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in neuroscience, particularly in the imaging of pain. It provides a brief primer on functional magnetic imaging techniques and describes pain processing and pain inhibiting systems. It discusses experiments where fMRI has illustrated what has gone wrong in the pain network's response to stimuli and suggests that imaging studies of pain have a crucial role to play in diagnosing pain disorders as well as advancing a theoretical framework for explaining them. It also offers suggestions for how to improve fMRI experiments and their theoretical implications.

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20

1964-, Gillard Jonathan H., Waldman Adam D. 1959-, and Barker Peter B. 1959-, eds. Clinical MR neuroimaging: Diffusion, perfusion, and spectroscopy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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21

1964-, Gillard Jonathan H., Waldman Adam D. 1959-, and Barker Peter B. 1959-, eds. Clinical MR neuroimaging: Diffusion, perfusion, and spectroscopy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

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22

Clinical MR Neuroimaging: Diffusion, Perfusion and Spectroscopy. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

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23

Chadwick, David, Alastair Compston, Michael Donaghy, Nicholas Fletcher, Robert Grant, David Hilton-Jones, Martin Rossor, Peter Rothwell, and Neil Scolding. Investigations. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0100.

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This chapter describes the many methods that can be used to investigate neurological disorders. The application and suitability for specific disorder types are outlined, as are contraindications for use. Methods of imaging the central nervous system include computed tomography (CT) imaging, several magnetic resonance (MR) scanning methods, Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). Invasive (angiography) and non-invasive methods of imaging the cerebral circulation are also outlined.The standard method of recording electrical activity of the brain is the electroencephalogram (EEG), which is heavily used in epilepsy to investigate regions of epileptogenesis.Other investigations described include evoked potentials, nerve conduction and electromyography studies, the examination of cerebrospinal fluid and the diagnostic use of neurological autoantibodies. Finally, neurogenetics, neuropsychological assessment and the assessment of treatments by randomized trials are discussed.

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24

Disorder And Strain Induced Complexity In Functional Materials. Springer, 2011.

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25

Vaghi, M. M., and T. W. Robbins. Task-Based Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Hypothesis-Driven Review. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0022.

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The neurobiological basis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) has been probed using functional magnetic resonance in hundreds of studies over three decades. This complex literature can be syntheized using a theory-informed approach. At a theoretical level, separable, independent, constructs of relevance to OCD have been identified. At the experimental level, extensive translational evidence has provided an account that relates specific brain systems to these neuropsychological constructs. Parallels between neural substrates implicated in OCD and functional specialization of different brain regions suggest that abnormalities within fronto-striatal circuitry impinge on executive functions, and their subcomponents, and on goal-directed learning and habit formation. In OCD, this is reflected at a functional level in patterns of abnormal activations in particular brain regions during specific cognitive tasks. However, many issues still need to be addressed. The authors suggest that the experimental context might represent a pivotal variable that should be taken into account.

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26

Coles, Alasdair, and Alastair Compston. Multiple sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199658602.003.0016.

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The papers in this chapter illustrate the picture that has emerged of multiple sclerosis as an inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system, caused by a complex interplay of multiple genetic susceptibility alleles and unknown environmental triggers. Multiple sclerosis is a disease in which there is first demyelination of nerves, followed by axonal degeneration. Demyelination is caused by inflammation, as shown by the synthesis of immunoglobulins within the CNS, and magnetic resonance imaging has shown that only the minority of inflammatory lesions cause symptoms. All of these discoveries were made in the twentieth century, which ended with the first demonstration that a treatment—interferon-beta—could influence the natural history of the disease.

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27

Narlikar, A. V., and Y. Y. Fu, eds. Oxford Handbook of Nanoscience and Technology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199533046.001.0001.

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This Handbook consolidates some of the major scientific and technological achievements in different aspects of the field of nanoscience and technology. It consists of theoretical papers, many of which are linked with current and future nanodevices, molecular-based materials and junctions (including Josephson nanocontacts). Self-organization of nanoparticles, atomic chains, and nanostructures at surfaces are further described in detail. Topics include: a unified view of nanoelectronic devices; electronic and transport properties of doped silicon nanowires; quasi-ballistic electron transport in atomic wires; thermal transport of small systems; patterns and pathways in nanoparticle self-organization; nanotribology; and the electronic structure of epitaxial graphene. The volume also explores quantum-theoretical approaches to proteins and nucleic acids; magnetoresistive phenomena in nanoscale magnetic contacts; novel superconducting states in nanoscale superconductors; left-handed metamaterials; correlated electron transport in molecular junctions; spin currents in semiconductor nanostructures; and disorder-induced electron localization in molecular-based materials.

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28

Bendel, Markus A., Drew M. Trainor, and Susan M. Moeschler. Imaging. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190217518.003.0006.

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This chapter focuses on diagnostic and procedural imaging techniques that are essential for the pain medicine practitioner. Attention is given to most modern imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The chapter includes a review of many advanced pain medicine procedures, such as celiac plexus and stellate ganglion blocks. A discussion regarding the use of imaging to elucidate a problem with an implanted intrathecal drug delivery system is included as well. In addition to the procedure suite, this chapter provides a review of common radiological findings that are critical for the proper diagnosis and management of pain patients, including spondylolysis and Modic changes. Special attention is paid to the use of ultrasound in pain medicine, including diagnostic techniques in musculoskeletal disorders. Many questions contain a review of the significant anatomic considerations with each procedural technique.

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29

Soriano-Mas, Carles, and Ben J. Harrison. Brain Functional Connectivity in OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0024.

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This chapter provides an overview of studies assessing alterations in brain functional connectivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Although most of the reviewed studies relate to the analysis of resting-state fMRI data, the chapter also reviews studies that have combined resting-state with structural or task-based approaches, as well as task-based studies in which the analysis of functional connectivity was reported. The main conclusions to be drawn from this review are that patients with OCD consistently demonstrate altered patterns of brain functional connectivity in large-scale “frontostriatal” and “default mode” networks, and that the heterogeneity of OCD symptoms is likely to partly arise via distinct modulatory influences on these networks by broader disturbances of affective, motivational, and regulatory systems. The variable nature of some findings across studies as well as the influence of medications on functional connectivity measures is also discussed.

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30

Lozano, Andres M., and Mark Hallett. Brain Stimulation: Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2013.

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31

1921-, Sokoloff Louis, and Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease., eds. Brain imaging and brain function. New York: Raven Press, 1985.

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32

(Editor), Yoshiharu Yonekura, Yasuhisa Fujibayashi (Editor), and Norihiro Sadato (Editor), eds. Recent Advances in Biomedical Imaging. Elsevier Science Pub Co, 1997.

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