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Tábi, Roman. "Výpočet mapy disparity ze stereo obrazu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-363903.
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The master thesis focuses on disparity map estimation using convolutional neural network. It discusses the problem of using convolutional neural networks for image comparison and disparity computation from stereo image as well as existing approaches of solutions for given problem. It also proposes and implements system that consists of convolutional neural network that measures the similarity between two image patches, and filtering and smoothing methods to improve the result disparity map. Experiments and results show, that the most quality disparity maps are computed using CNN on input patches with the size of 9x9 pixels combined with matching cost agregation and correction algorithm and bilateral filter.
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Maggia, Christophe. "De la rétine binoculaire aux premiers étages du cortex visuel pour la perception visuelle tridimensionnelle : modèle et expérimentations oculométriques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENS007/document.
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La vision de la profondeur ou communément appelée « vision 3D » permet d'interpréter les relations spatiales tridimensionnelles entre les objets de la scène visuelle et confère à l'homme une grande précision dans ses interactions avec l'environnement. La vision 3D repose sur de nombreux mécanismes d'analyse du signal visuel dont la plupart gardent tout leur pouvoir informationnel lors de la stimulation d'un seul œil (indices monoculaires) mais dont certains nécessitent la stimulation des deux yeux (indices binoculaires). Cette thèse se concentre sur les mécanismes nécessitant les deux yeux qui mettent en jeu la différence de point de vue entre les deux yeux, aussi appelée disparité rétinienne. Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse s'inscrivent suivant deux approches majeures : une approche par la modélisation avec la simulation de l'extraction de la disparité rétinienne au niveau cortical et une approche expérimentale avec l'étude de l'influence de la disparité rétinienne sur l'attention visuelle pendant l'exploration de scènes visuelles stéréoscopiques avec enregistrements oculométriques. Le modèle proposé est construit en utilisant les données physiologiques du cortex visuel primaire V1 disponibles dans la littérature. Il effectue une estimation de la disparité rétinienne à partir des réponses modélisées des cellules simples et complexes de V1. Nous adoptons une approche bio-inspirée à deux niveaux. Le premier concerne l'architecture globale d'organisation et d'interaction des cellules corticales réalisant l'extraction d'informations à différentes fréquences spatiales, orientations et disparités, pour obtenir une estimation locale de la disparité rétinienne. Le second niveau concerne la configuration des cellules corticales implémentées comme des opérateurs de filtrage spatial. La partie expérimentale se divise elle-même en deux parties. En effet, l'utilisation de données oculométriques d'exploration de scènes 3D nécessite une étape préalable de calibration. Ainsi, nous développons une méthode de calibration 3D permettant de suivre la profondeur du regard à partir des coordonnées binoculaires enregistrées par oculométrie. Ensuite, nous analysons l'influence de la disparité rétinienne sur l'exploration visuelle de différentes catégories de scènes naturelles basées sur la présence d'indices de profondeur monoculaires et binoculaires. Nous étudions l'influence de la dominance oculaire, du biais de centralité et du biais de profondeur sur l'exploration pour chaque catégorie d'image. Un modèle de saillance 2D se montre inadapté pour prédire les zones saillantes en 3D mais également en 2D. L'information de profondeur doit être intégrée dans le calcul de la saillance grâce à la disparité rétinienne et grâce aux autres indices de profondeur pour expliquer pleinement l'exploration 2D et 3DDepth vision or « 3D vision » can interpret tridimensional spatial relations between objects in a visual scene and gives humans a good precision of interaction with their environment. 3D vision uses several kinds of mechanisms to analyze visual signal. Some keep their power during a monocular stimulation (monocular depth cues) but others need a binocular stimulation (binocular depth cues). This thesis focuses on the binocular mechanism which uses the difference of point of view between the two eyes (also called retinal disparity). The work presented in this thesis follows two main approaches: the modeling of the retinal disparity extraction at the cortical level, and an experiment to analyze the influence of retinal disparity on visual attention during the exploration of natural stereoscopic scenes with eye tracking recording. The proposed model is built from physiologic data of primary visual cortex V1 found in the literature. Our model makes an estimation of the retinal disparity from modeled responses of simple and complex cells of V1. We take a bio-inspired approach at two levels. The first level concerns the global architecture of the organization and the interaction of cortical cells which extract the information at different spatial frequencies, orientations and disparities. The second level concerns the configuration of cortical cells implemented like spatial filters. The experimental part is subdivided into two parts. Indeed, the use of eye-tracking data of 3D scenes exploration needs a calibration step. Hence, we developed a 3D calibration method allowing us to track the depth of the gaze from the recorded binocular coordinates. Then, we analyze the influence of retinal disparity in the visual exploration of different categories of natural scenes based on the presence of monocular and binocular depth cues. The ocular dominance, the central bias and the depth bias are also studied in this paradigm. We show that a 2D saliency model is not adapted to predict the salient zone during 3D viewing but also during 2D viewing. The depth information must be integrated in saliency computation thanks to retinal disparity and monocular depth cues to explain fully the visual exploration both in 2D and 3D
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Latorre, Daniel Varajão de. "Padrões macroecólogicos de disparidade morfológica e distribuição de massa de mamíferos terrestres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41134/tde-26102015-111843/.
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Entender a relação entre riqueza de espécies e diversidade de nichos ecológicos pode auxiliar a compreensão dos diferentes processos que governam a coexistência de espécies. Caracterizar o nicho de diversas espécies não é trivial, e o nicho é frequentemente estudado a partir de características morfológicas. A massa corpórea está relacionada com características metabólicas, fisiológicas, comportamentais e ecológicas das espécies e então é ideal para estudos ecológicos que envolvem muitas espécies e localidades. Em teoria, um aumento na riqueza de espécies poderia ocorrer tanto pela expansão do espaço de nicho total, quanto pelo empacotamento de nicho, ou mesmo por uma combinação de ambos. Neste trabalho utilizamos massa corpórea de mamíferos terrestres para investigar a ocupação do morfoespaço e a relação dessa ocupação com a riqueza de espécies tanto em assembleias locais, quanto em biotas continentais. No primeiro capítulo desta dissertação, investigamos a variação espacial da disparidade morfológica de mamíferos terrestres e sua relação com a riqueza de espécies. Utilizamos os dados de distribuição geográfica de 4146 espécies para determinar a composição de assembléias locais em um grid com células com 1º de lado. Para cada assembleia, calculamos quatro medidas de disparidade morfológica utilizando massa corpórea como um descritor da morfologia de mamíferos. Comparamos as medidas de disparidade de cada célula com o que seria esperado de acordo com dois modelos nulos (um global e outro regional) que diferem em relação ao pool utilizado para reamostragem. No segundo capítulo, investigamos o efeito da extinção da megafauna e os possíveis efeitos das extinções atuais na distribuição de massa de mamíferos terrestres. De acordo com trabalhos anteriores a distribuição de massa de mamíferos tornou-se bimodal 40 milhões de anos atrás e assim se manteve até o final do Pleistoceno, quando foi modificada pela extinção da megafauna, tornando-se unimodal. Ajustamos dois modelos concorrentes (bimodal e unimodal assimétrico) às distribuições de massa corpórea dos mamíferos de todo o globo e de cada continente separadamente em três momentos de tempo: Final do Pleistoceno, Holoceno e Antropoceno. Os resultados obtidos nos dois capítulos, apesar de observados em escalas muito distintas, sugerem um padrão de empacotamento de nichos nos Neotrópicos. Esse padrão não é influenciado pela extinção da megafauna, e se deve à diversificação de grupos específicos no continente sul americano. Grande parte das espécies dos grupos endêmicos são arborícolas sugerindo a importância das florestas tropicais na diversificação de mamíferos desse continente. Nossos resultados também sugerem que a perda das espécies ameaçadas de extinção no Antropoceno irão resultar em mudanças significativas na África e na Eurásia, dois continentes menos afetados pelas extinções do PleistocenoUnderstand the relation between species richness and ecological niche diversity might help to understand processes behind species coexistence. However, to quantify species niche is not easy and a ecomorfological approach is often used instead. Body mass is related to several life history traits such as metabolism, physiology, behaviour and ecology, thus being the ideal trait for studies comparing many different species and localities. In theory, increases in species richness could be attained by an expansion of total niche space or by niche packing, or even by a combination of both. Here we use terrestrial mammals body mass to investigate morphospace occupation and its relation to species richness in both local assemblages and continental biotas. In the first chapter, we investigate the spatial variation of morphological disparity of terrestrial mammals and its relation to species richness. We used species distributions of 4146 species to determine the composition of local assemblages in a grid of 1º cells. For each assemblage we measured four morphological disparity metrics using body mass as a surrogate of mammalian morphology. We compared the observed disparity measures for each cell with the expected distribution given by two null models (one global and other regional) that differ for the species pool used to perform resamples. In the second chapter we investigated the effect of megafauna extinctions and possible effects of ongoing extinctions on the body mass distribution of terrestrial mammals. Previous studies suggest that the body mass distribution of mammals became bimodal 40 million years ago and so remained until the end of the Pleistocene, when it was modified by megafauna extinction and became unimodal. We fitted two concurring models (a bimodal and a skewed unimodal) to the body mass distribution of global mammals and of each continent separately in tree time frames: Late Pleistocene, Holocene and Anthropocene. The results from both chapters, although from observation in different scales, suggest a pattern of niche packing on the Neotropics. This pattern is not biased by the recent megafauna extinction, but is due to the diversification of clades specific to the South American continent during its period of isolation. A high proportion of the species in these endemic groups is arboreal suggesting the importance of tropical forests in the diversification of mammals in this continent. Our results also suggest that the possible loss of endangered species in the Anthropocene will result in meaningful changes in Africa and Eurasia, two continents that where less affected by Pleistocene extinctions
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Bergström, Joel. "Disparity Tool : A disparity estimaion program." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi och medier, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-12362.
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Lertchuwongsa, Noppon. "Color Lines, and Regions and Their Stereo Matching." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112309.
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En vision par ordinateur, les points saillants sont des caractéristiques essentielles aux algorithmes. Les performances dépendent de paramètres extérieurs (ex. illumination). Les mesures de similarité sont centrales à la reconnaissance. Pour assurer l'efficacité de traitement, les caractéristiques extraites d'une image doivent être stables, et la mesure de similarité doit les distinguer parfaitement.Dans cette thèse, des caractéristiques conjointes géométrie/couleur sont étudiées : lignes de couleur et régions. Elles fondent la détection d'une troisième, la profondeur, qui sert en retour à évaluer leurs performanceLes lignes sont des extensions des classiques lignes de niveau: l'espace couleur 3-D est projeté sur un espace 1-D adapté pour résumer l'information chromatique là où elle est adéquate,Les régions exploitent classiquement la connexité image mais jointe à une compacité dans l'histogramme bidimensionnel issu du modèle dichromatique. L'homogénéité ainsi définie garantit une robustesse a priori aux variations d'éclairage en séparant la couleur de l'intensité et les couleurs entre elles.Cette homogénéité est exploitée selon 2 méthodes d'extraction d'ensembles compacts autour des modes de l'histogramme: extraction analytique des extrema locaux de couleur, extraction de ces mêmes extrema contrôlée par les régions correspondantes de l'image.Pour la profondeur, trois calculs de disparité stéréoscopique sont proposés et les performances comparées avec la réalité terrain:1. Appariement de lignes couleur avec une distance de Hausdorff revisitée.2. Exploitation de la forme des histogrammes de disparité par régions3.Coopération entre appariement de points et de régionsIn computer vision, salient points are essential features to algorithms. Performances depend on external parameters (e.g. illuminant). Similarity measures are central to recognition.To secure the processing efficiency, extracted features have to be stable enough, and the similarity measure needs to perfectly distinguish between them.In the thesis, joint geometrical and color features are studied: color lines and regions. They found the detection of a third one, range, that helps in turn to assess their goodness.Color lines are extensions of classical level lines: the 3 D color space is mapped onto a 1 D scale especially designed to retain the chromatic information where it is suitable.Regions require the usual image connectivity but in association with compactness in the bi-dimensional histogram stemming from the dichromatic model. The so-designed homogeneity is granting an a priori good robustness against illumination variations in separating the body colors and splitting color from intensity.The latter homogeneity gives raise to 2 methods for extracting compact sets around histogram modes: color first analysis (an analytic extraction of color local extrema) , and joint color/space analysis (same but controlled by the region growing).As for depth, 3 methods to compute the stereo disparity are proposed for their results to be confronted with the ground-truth:1. Color line matching based on a modified Hausdorff distance,2. Studying the shape of the disparity histogram between regions,3. Cooperation between pixel correlation and region matching.The robustness of the designed features is proved on several stereo pairs. Future work deals with improving efficacy and accuracy
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Vieira, Gabriel da Silva. "Disparity map production: an architectural proposal and a refinement method design." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/9088.
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Outro
Disparity maps are key components of a stereo vision system. Autonomous navigation, 3D reconstruction, and mobility are examples of areas of research which use disparity maps as an important element. Although a lot of work has been done in the stereo vision field, it is not easy to build stereo systems with concepts such as reuse and extensible scope. In this study, we explore this gap and it presents a software architecture that can accommodate different stereo methods through a standard structure. Firstly, it introduces some scenarios that illustrate use cases of disparity maps and it shows a novel architecture that foments code reuse. A Disparity Computation Framework (DCF) is presented and we discuss how its components are structured. Then we developed a prototype which closely follows the proposal architecture and we prepared some test cases to be performed. Furthermore, we have implemented disparity methods for validation purposes and to evaluate our disparity refinement method. This refinement method, named as Segmented Consistency Check (SCC), was designed to increase the robustness of stereo matching algorithms. It consists of a segmentation process, statistical analysis of grouping areas and a support weighted function to find and to fill in unknown disparities. The experimental results show that the DCF can satisfy different scenarios on-demand. Besides, they show that SCC method is an efficient approach that can make some enhancements in disparity maps, as reducing the disparity error measure.
Mapas de disparidade são elementos cruciais em sistemas de visão estéreo. Navegação autônoma, reconstrução 3D e mobilidade são exemplos de área de pesquisa que utilizam mapas de disparidade como elementos-chave. Embora muitos trabalhos têm sido feitos na área de visão estéreo, ainda assim, não é trivial construir sistemas estéreos com aplicação de conceitos como reutilização e escopo extensível. Neste estudo, exploramos essa lacuna e apresentamos uma arquitetura de software capaz de acomodar diferentes métodos de visão estéreo através de uma estrutura bem definida. Inicialmente, cenários que ilustram usos de mapa de disparidade são introduzidos e uma arquitetura que fomenta reutilização de código é apresentada. Dessa forma, um Framework de Cálculo de Disparidade (FCD) é apresentado e seus componentes são discutidos a fim de especificar a sua estrutura. Em seguida, um protótipo que segue a arquitetura proposta é apresentado e alguns casos de teste são preparados e executados. Além disso, métodos de cálculo de disparidade foram implementados para propostas de validação e para avaliar o método de refinamento de disparidade proposto pelos autores. Esse método de refinamento, chamado de Checagem de Consistência de Segmento (CCS), foi projetado para aumentar a robustez de algoritmos de combinação estéreo. Trata-se de um método que utiliza um processo de segmentação preliminar, análise estatística de áreas definidas e função ponderada de suporte para encontrar e preencher disparidades marcadas como desconhecidas. Os resultados dos experimentos realizados apontam que o FCD pode satisfazer diferentes cenários sob demanda. Além disso, os resultados mostram que o método CCS é uma abordagem eficiente que pode trazer certos melhoramentos em mapas de disparidade, como reduzir a medida de erro no cálculo de correspondências estéreo.
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Vavroš, Ondřej. "Měření vzdálenosti stereoskopickým senzorem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220333.
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This master's thesis will take us through theoretical procedure that allows us to determine the distance of an object by stereoscopic sensor. Part of this work presents the description of the steps to achieve image of objects, calibraton and rectification. At the next part our study provides an overview of algortihms for creating disparity maps and determining the distance of the object from sensor. In the following part of thesis deals with the implementation of these processes into aplication which aim is to measure the distance.
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Laureano, Gustavo Teodoro. "Criação de mapas de disparidades empregando análise multi-resolução e agrupamento perceptual." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18152/tde-11042008-113516/.
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O trabalho apresentado por essa dissertação busca contribuir com a atenuação do problema da correspondência em visão estéreo a partir de uma abordagem local de soluções. São usadas duas estratégias como solução às ambigüidades e às oclusões da cena: a análise multi-resolução das imagens empregando a estrutura piramidal, e a força de agrupamento perceptual, conhecida como Gestalt theory na psicologia. Inspirado no sistema visual humano, a visão estéreo é uma área de grande interesse em visão computacional, e está relacionada à recuperação de informações tridimensionais de uma cena a partir de imagens da mesma. Para isso, as imagens são capturadas em posições diferentes para o futuro relacionamento das várias projeções de um mesmo ponto 3D. Apesar de ser estudada há quase quatro décadas, ela ainda apresenta problemas de difícil solução devido às dificuldades relacionadas às distorções produzidas pela mudança da perspectiva de visualização. Dentre esses problemas destacam-se os relacionados à oclusão de pontos e também à ambigüidade gerada pela repetição ou ausência de textura nas imagens. Esses por sua vez compõem a base do problema estéreo, chamado de problema da correspondência. Os resultados obtidos são equivalentes aos obtidos por técnicas globais, com a vantagem de requerer menor complexidade computacional. O uso da teoria de agrupamento perceptual faz desse trabalho um método moderno de estimação de disparidades, visto que essa técnica é alvo de atenção especial em recentes estudos na área de visão computacional.This work aims to give a contribution to the correspondence problem using a local approach. Two strategies are used as solution to ambiguities and occlusions: the multi-resolution analysis with irnages pyramids and the other is the perceptual grouping weight, called Gestalt theory in the psychology. Inspired by human vision system, the stereo vision is an very important area in computer vision. It is related with the 3D information recovery from a pair of images. The images are captured frorn different positions to hereafter association of the 3D point projections. Although it has being studied for quite a long time, stereo vision presents some difficult problems, related to the change of visualisation perspective. Among the different problems originated from point of view changes, occlusions and ambiguities have special attention and compose the foundation of stereo problem, named correspondence problem. The results obtained were closer to the ones generated by global techniques, with the advantage of requiring less computational complexity. The use of Gestalt theory makes this a modern disparity estimation method, as this theory has been received special attention in computer vision researchs.
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Lemstra, M. "Health Disparity in Saskatoon." [S.l.] : Rotterdam : [The Author] ; Erasmus University [Host], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/14117.
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Wildes, Richard Patrick. "On interpreting stereo disparity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17262.
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El, Gheche Mireille. "Proximal methods for convex minimization of Phi-divergences : application to computer vision." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1018/document.
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Cette thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de l'optimisation convexe. Elle apporte à ce domaine deux contributions principales. La première porte sur les méthodes d'optimisation convexe non lisse appliquées à la vision par ordinateur. Quant à la seconde, elle fournit de nouveaux résultats théoriques concernant la manipulation de mesures de divergences, telles que celles utilisées en théorie de l'information et dans divers problèmes d'optimisation. Le principe de la stéréovision consiste à exploiter deux images d'une même scène prises sous deux points de vue, afin de retrouver les pixels homologues et de se ramener ainsi à un problème d'estimation d'un champ de disparité. Dans ce travail, le problème de l'estimation de la disparité est considéré en présence de variations d'illumination. Ceci se traduit par l'ajout, dans la fonction objective globale à minimiser, d'un facteur multiplicatif variant spatialement, estimé conjointement avec la disparité. Nous avons mis l'accent sur l'avantage de considérer plusieurs critères convexes et non-nécessairement différentiables, et d'exploiter des images multicomposantes (par exemple, des images couleurs) pour améliorer les performances de notre méthode. Le problème d'estimation posé est résolu en utilisant un algorithme parallèle proximal basé sur des développements récents en analyse convexe. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons étendu notre approche au cas multi-vues qui est un sujet de recherche relativement nouveau. Cette extension s'avère particulièrement utile dans le cadre d'applications où les zones d'occultation sont très larges et posent de nombreuses difficultés. Pour résoudre le problème d'optimisation associé, nous avons utilisé des algorithmes proximaux en suivant des approches multi-étiquettes relaxés de manière convexe. Les algorithmes employés présentent l'avantage de pouvoir gérer simultanément un grand nombre d'images et de contraintes, ainsi que des critères convexes et non convexes. Des résultats sur des images synthétiques ont permis de valider l'efficacité de ces méthodes, pour différentes mesures d'erreur. La dernière partie de cette thèse porte sur les problèmes d'optimisation convexe impliquant des mesures d'information (Phi-divergences), qui sont largement utilisés dans le codage source et le codage canal. Ces mesures peuvent être également employées avec succès dans des problèmes inverses rencontrés dans le traitement du signal et de l'image. Les problèmes d'optimisation associés sont souvent difficiles à résoudre en raison de leur grande taille. Dans ce travail, nous avons établi les expressions des opérateurs proximaux de ces divergences. En s'appuyant sur ces résultats, nous avons développé une approche proximale reposant sur l'usage de méthodes primales-duales. Ceci nous a permis de répondre à une large gamme de problèmes d'optimisation convexe dont la fonction objective comprend un terme qui s'exprime sous la forme de l'une de ces divergencesConvex optimization aims at searching for the minimum of a convex function over a convex set. While the theory of convex optimization has been largely explored for about a century, several related developments have stimulated a new interest in the topic. The first one is the emergence of efficient optimization algorithms, such as proximal methods, which allow one to easily solve large-size nonsmooth convex problems in a parallel manner. The second development is the discovery of the fact that convex optimization problems are more ubiquitous in practice than was thought previously. In this thesis, we address two different problems within the framework of convex optimization. The first one is an application to computer stereo vision, where the goal is to recover the depth information of a scene from a pair of images taken from the left and right positions. The second one is the proposition of new mathematical tools to deal with convex optimization problems involving information measures, where the objective is to minimize the divergence between two statistical objects such as random variables or probability distributions. We propose a convex approach to address the problem of dense disparity estimation under varying illumination conditions. A convex energy function is derived for jointly estimating the disparity and the illumination variation. The resulting problem is tackled in a set theoretic framework and solved using proximal tools. It is worth emphasizing the ability of this method to process multicomponent images under illumination variation. The conducted experiments indicate that this approach can effectively deal with the local illumination changes and yields better results compared with existing methods. We then extend the previous approach to the problem of multi-view disparity estimation. Rather than estimating a single depth map, we estimate a sequence of disparity maps, one for each input image. We address this problem by adopting a discrete reformulation that can be efficiently solved through a convex relaxation. This approach offers the advantage of handling both convex and nonconvex similarity measures within the same framework. We have shown that the additional complexity required by the application of our method to the multi-view case is small with respect to the stereo case. Finally, we have proposed a novel approach to handle a broad class of statistical distances, called $varphi$-divergences, within the framework of proximal algorithms. In particular, we have developed the expression of the proximity operators of several $varphi$-divergences, such as Kulback-Leibler, Jeffrey-Kulback, Hellinger, Chi-Square, I$_{alpha}$, and Renyi divergences. This allows proximal algorithms to deal with problems involving such divergences, thus overcoming the limitations of current state-of-the-art approaches for similar problems. The proposed approach is validated in two different contexts. The first is an application to image restoration that illustrates how to employ divergences as a regularization term, while the second is an application to image registration that employs divergences as a data fidelity term
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Allison, Robert Scott. "Sensorimotor processing of vertical disparity." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ27276.pdf.
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Li, Lan (Simone). "Disparity averaging mechanisms in stereopsis." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/syr/main.
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Liu, John H. (John Hau-Han) 1975. "Background subtraction by disparity warping." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47603.
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Thesis (S.B. and M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-44).
by John H. Liu.
S.B.and M.Eng.
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Saad, Charles. "La disparité de culte matrimoniale." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA111004.
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Dennis, Garnise Ann. "Gender Pay Disparity Among Women." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2281.
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Irrespective of professional experience and educational background, gender pay disparity is a problem in the federal government. Women have to overcome salary barriers, such as agency segregation, position segregation, and invisible barriers known as the glass ceiling and the glass wall. Recent studies have indicated that human capital variables, people skills, discrimination, and policies all contribute to gender pay disparity in America's workforce. However, there are limited studies that focus on the indirect factors that also contribute to gender pay inequality. The purpose of this quantitative research was to investigate the relationship between wages and job responsibility (as defined by an employee's job series) for all federal employees within the GS14 pay grade working in the state of Virginia. The data source for this retrospective study came from the December 2014 archived federal employee records that were retrieved from the Office of Personnel Management website. Ordinary least square regression modeling was used to analyze the data collected from the Office of Personnel Management central personnel data file. The results from the data analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between job responsibility and wages. The results from the data analysis demonstrated that men earned higher wages than did their female counterparts and were given more authority in the technical and professional job series. This study promotes positive social change because it confirms and extends understanding of the gender wage gap in the federal workforce. The findings from this research encourage policy makers to revisit existing policies and implement new policies aimed at ensuring women receive pay equal to their male counterparts.
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Söderblom, Fredrik. "Disparity of Early Cretaceous Lamniformes sharks." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-256605.
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The geological range of lamniform sharks stretches from present day species such as Carcharodon carcharias (great white shark) back to the at the moment oldest undoubted fossil finds during the Early Cretaceous. In this paper a geometric morphometric analysis was performed on images of Early Cretaceous lamniform teeth collected from published literature in order to examine the change in disparity (range of morphological variation within a group) throughout the time period. Due to limited availability of published material and time constraints only the Barremian and Albian ages were investigated. The Barremian exhibited tall and narrow tooth morphologies while the Albian showed a wide range of morphological variation including more robust, wide and sometimes triangular shapes but also displayed further specialization of the tall and narrow forms. This change is likely indicative of a dietary and ecological expansion from only eating for example small fish and soft-bodied creatures to a wide range of prey for the group, including larger and more robust animals such as marine turtles and large bony fish. This in combination with the decline of some marine predators as well as the diversification of possible prey is interpreted as that an adaptive radiation of the Lamniformes could have taken place during the latter half of the Early Cretaceous.Morfologisk disparitet är ett mått på hur stor utsträckningen av morfologisk variation är. Detta mått räknas ut genom att jämföra landmärken utplacerade på bilder av föremål som ska undersökas. I detta projekt undersöktes den morfologiska dispariteten hos tänder från håbrandsartade hajar (Lamniformes) under tidig krita. Att just deras tänder undersöktes beror på att den större delen av hajars skelett är gjort av brosk vilket lätt bryts ned efter djuret avlidit. Deras tänder är dock gjorda av ben vilket har lättare att bli bevarat som fossil. Utöver detta så kan formen på tänder beskriva djurs födoval och levnadssätt. Gruppens tänder undersöktes därför även för att belysa eventuella förändringar i diet och ekologi under tidig krita. Resultatet av denna analys visar på en expansion av tandform under denna period från långa och smala tänder under Barremium till en större variation under Albium där även mer triangelformade och robusta tänder dyker upp. Detta har tolkats som en adaptiv artbildningsperiod för gruppen då både nya byten (t.ex. teleostfiskar och havs-sköldpaddor) diversifierade och uppkom samtidigt som vissa marina predatorer (ichthyosaurer och plesiosaurer) minskade i antal under denna tidsperiod. Detta ändrade troligen de selektiva trycken på håbrandsartade hajars tandmorfologi samt lämnade ekologiska nischer öppna som dessa kunde anpassa sig till vilket i sin tur ledde till expansioner i morfologisk disparitet, diet och ekologi.
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Kahánková, Jana. "Regionální disparity a možnosti jejich řešení." Master's thesis, Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-260019.
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The main topic of the dissertation is mapping of regional disparities in Czech Republic. It is focused at regions of NUTS 3 level. NUTS 3 coresponds the level of lowest territorial administrative region of state administration (district and region level). The dissertation is devided in two parts, theoretical and practical. Theoretical part includes solutions from scholar literature and reliable sources. Practical part is oriented on regional differences in economic and social dimension. The research of regional disparities by selected indicators is the key part of this dissertation. The dissertation aim is quantification of regional differences and follow-up evaluation of applied measures towards regions.
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Hua, Yue. "Three Essays on Regional Income Disparity." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405616536.
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Pelcat, Jimmy. "Reconstruction 3D et production de carte dense de disparité en stéréovision non-alignée pour des applications industrielles de localisation 3D et d'analyse de surface." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0025/document.
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En vision industrielle, de nombreuses applications de mesure et de contrôle qualité évoluent vers des problématiques tri-dimensionnelles. Les systèmes de stéréovision sont des solutions technologiques qui attirent les industriels par leur simplicité mécanique. Deux caméras statiques disposées à des endroits stratégiques peut s'avérer suffisantes pour répondre à cette problématique bien que les contraintes industrielles imposent de respecter des temps de traitement courts et des mesures précises. La diversité des applications nous amènent à envisager deux approches afin de répondre à deux types d'application. La première technique consiste en la reconstruction 3D à partir de paires de points images qui se correspondent dans les deux images. Elle est destinée à répondre à la problématique de mesure 3D. Les méthodes de calibration monoculaire et de calcul 3D par triangulation sont la base de la reconstruction 3D. Nous étudions la précision de mesure et son évolution selon la pose du système de capture par rapport à la scène observée. La seconde technique consiste à construire des images de disparité afin de répondre à des problématiques de construction de profil et d'analyse de défaut. La contrainte d'alignement des caméras, nécessaire pour accélérer le processus de mise en correspondance, implique d'utiliser des méthodes de calibration stéréoscopique et de rectification des images. Nous étudions l'impact de l'alignement sur la qualité de la rectification. La production de carte dense de disparité se base sur les techniques de stéréo-corrélation. Nous montrons les limites de l'utilisation d'un noyau de corrélation carré et proposons une alternative par production de deux cartes denses de disparité à partir de deux noyaux mono-directionnels, améliorant la mesure de disparité sur les zones de contours et d'occultationsIn industrial vision, many applications for measuring and quality control are moving to three-dimensional problems. Stereovision systems are technological solutions that attract industry by their mechanical simplicity. Two static cameras placed at strategic locations may be sufficient to address this problem although the industrial constraints imposed to respect a short processing time and precise measurements. The diversity of applications lead us to consider two approaches to resolve the two types of application. The first technique consists in the 3D reconstruction from pairs of image points which correspond in both images. It is intended to address the problem of 3D measurement. The methods of monocular calibration and 3D triangulation are the basis of 3D reconstruction. We study the accuracy and its evolution according to the capture system pose compared to the observed scene. The second technique is to construct disparity maps to address problems of building profile and default analysis. The alignment constraint of cameras needed to accelerate the process of matching involves the use of methods of stereoscopic calibration and image rectification. We study the impact of alignment on the quality of the rectification. The production of dense disparity map is based on the stereo-correlation techniques. We show the limits of the use of a squared correlation kernel and propose an alternative production of two dense disparity maps from two mono-directional kernels, improving the measurement of disparity around edges and occlusions
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Corlay, Patrick. "Système de télévision stéréoscopique base sur une prise de vue à trois cameras." Valenciennes, 1994. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/826e325f-3439-413e-8247-c371a2cf48a6.
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Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire s'inscrit dans le cadre de l'étude de systèmes de télévision stéréoscopiques, et plus particulièrement d'un système de télévision en relief (TV3D) base sur une prise de vue à trois cameras. La télévision 3-D permet aux téléspectateurs de percevoir des séquences télévisuelles en relief. Le système se décompose en trois parties: acquisition, compression et transmission, restitution du relief. Nous étudions d'abord les différentes parties constituant la chaine complète de télévision en relief. Les différents systèmes de TV3D existants sont ensuite analysés. La reconstitution d'images en relief sur un téléviseur est étudiée puisque c'est lors de la restitution que l'ensemble de la TV3D va être jugée. En vue d'assurer la conformité des images stéréoscopiques, les prises de vue à cameras parallèles et convergentes sont caractérisées. A partir de l'analyse des schémas existants, un système de télévision en relief original basé sur une prise de vue à trois cameras: gauche, centre, droite est présenté. Ce système est conçu afin d'assurer une meilleure compatibilité 2D-3D. La camera cyclopéenne permet d'obtenir directement l'image compatible avec le système standard 2D et une symétrie de qualité entre les images stéréoscopiques pour la visualisation en relief. Afin de valider le système proposé, des comparaisons sont effectuées avec les systèmes de TV3D classiques basés sur une prise de vue à deux cameras. La comparaison des performances (rapports signal a bruit, débits) des différents systèmes permet de valider notre système à trois cameras. Les expérimentations sur des images réelles montrent l'intérêt du système présenté pour la qualité des images reconstruites à la réception
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Melrose, Regalena 1970. "The self-image disparity of maltreated adolescents /." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69621.
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The goal of this study was to investigate the real self-image, ideal self-image, and self-image disparity of maltreated adolescents, both acting-out and nonacting-out, as compared to nonmaltreated adolescents. Participants included 58 adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 with groups approximately matched for age, IQ, and mental age. The maltreated group consisted of children who had been neglected, physically abused, and/or psychologically abused. Children in both maltreated and nonmaltreated groups were classified as acting-out or nonacting-out based on reports of truancy, substance abuse, disrespect for authority, violent outbursts, and trouble within the legal system. The primary findings of the study were that maltreated as compared to nonmaltreated individuals displayed lower real self-images and larger self-image disparities. However, the lowest real self-image scores were displayed by the acting-out adolescents regardless of their maltreatment status. In a comparison between the acting-out maltreated adolescents and the acting-out nonmaltreated adolescents, the real self-images were comparable, suggesting that the experience of maltreatment does not exacerbate the negative effect of behavioural difficulty. In addition, the acting-out maltreated children displayed higher ideal self-images than the acting-out nonmaltreated children. Both experiences of maltreatment and acting-out behaviours appear to be related to negative effects of self-image in adolescents. This highlights the importance of investigating the influence of experiential factors on self-system processing.
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Harris, Laura M. "Disparity between boys' and girls' academic achievement /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131566326.pdf.
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White, Steven James 1951. "Displacement and disparity representations in early vision." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79464.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1992.Includes bibliographical references (p. 211-220).
by Steven James White.
Ph.D.
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Reis, Goncalves Nuno. "Neural computation of depth from binocular disparity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/279681.
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Stereopsis is a par excellence demonstration of the computational power that neural systems can encapsulate. How is the brain capable of swiftly transforming a stream of binocular two-dimensional signals into a cohesive three-dimensional percept? Many brain regions have been implicated in stereoscopic processing, but their roles remain poorly understood. This dissertation focuses on the contributions of primary and dorsomedial visual cortex. Using convolutional neural networks, we found that disparity encoding in primary visual cortex can be explained by shallow, feed-forward networks optimized to extract absolute depth from naturalistic images. These networks develop physiologically plausible receptive fields, and predict neural responses to highly unnatural stimuli commonly used in the laboratory. They do not necessarily relate to our experience of depth, but seem to act as a bottleneck for depth perception. Conversely, neural activity in downstream specialized areas is likely to be a more faithful correlate of depth perception. Using ultra-high field functional magnetic resonance imaging in humans, we revealed systematic and reproducible cortical organization for stereoscopic depth in dorsal visual areas V3A and V3B/KO. Within these regions, depth selectivity was inversely related to depth magnitude — a key characteristic of stereoscopic perception. Finally, we report evidence for a differential contribution of cortical layers in stereoscopic depth perception.
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Ramsdale, Mark. "Genomic conflict and disparity within Basidiomycete mycelia." Thesis, University of Bath, 1996. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362153.
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Salkar, Monika. "Gender Disparity in Childhood Immunizations in India." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1493242464875143.
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Hochstetler, Spencer. "Judge-Prosecutor Dyad Effects on Racial Disparity." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1592170635135092.
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Gupta, Sameer. "Gender Disparity and Mutation Burden in Melanoma." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27007743.
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A female advantage in melanoma incidence and outcome has been consistently observed but remains unexplained. We hypothesized that tumors are genetically distinct between men and women and analyzed the mutation spectra in 266 metastatic melanomas (102 women and 164 men) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found a statistically significantly greater burden of missense mutations among men (male median 298 vs female median = 211.5; male-to-female ratio [M:F] = 1.85, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.44 to 2.39). We validated these initial findings using available data from a separate melanoma exome cohort (n = 95) and found a similar increase in missense mutations among men (male median 393 vs female median 259; M:F = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.27). In addition, survival improves with increasing log-transformed missense mutation count (univariate hazard ratio = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.69 to 0.98) for TCGA samples. Our analyses are the first to demonstrate a gender difference in mutation burden in cutaneous melanoma.
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Saedi, Dimen, and Per Danielsson. "Business Intelligence: Understanding disparity in information interpretation." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66468.
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The purpose of this study is to understand how business intelligence and the information it provides is interpreted by two different groups of people - the business users and the technical team in a BI system. To fulfill the purpose of the research an analytical process with an interpretive approach has been used. Through the Gioia methodology the study was conducted as a single case study at a staffing agency located in Sweden with approximately 800 employees. Eight interviews were conducted at the company with four members from the technical team and four members from the business users. The findings of this study shows that two aggregated dimensions have emerged - Use of BI and Nature of BI. The empirical investigation show a clear difference between the technical team and the business users perception of BI, which is highlighted by the emerged aggregated dimensions and the coherent second order themes. To conclude, this demonstrates that there are not only technical challenges with BI, but also intangible challenges. This means that there are disparities in understanding BI, as well as there are disparities in interpreting the information it provides.Syftet med denna studie är att förstå hur Business Intelligence och den tillhörande informationen tolkas av två olika grupper av människor - the business users och the technical team i ett BI system. För att uppfylla syftet med forskningen har en analysprocess med en tolkningsmetod utförts. Genom Gioia-metoden har studien genomförts som en enskild fallstudie hos en bemanningsbyrå i Sverige med cirka 800 anställda. Åtta intervjuer genomfördes på företaget med fyra medlemmar från the technical team och fyra medlemmar från the business users. Resultatet av denna studie visar att två aggregerade dimensioner har uppstått - Use of BI och Nature of BI. Den empiriska undersökningen visar en tydlig skillnad mellan the technical team och the business users uppfattning om BI, vilket framhävs av de uppkomna aggregerade dimensionerna och de sammanhängande andra ordningens teman. Avslutningsvis visar detta att det inte bara finns tekniska utmaningar med BI utan även immateriella utmaningar. Det betyder att det finns skillnader i att förstå BI, och att det finns skillnader i tolkningen av den information som BI tillhandahåller.
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Zhao, Yanhai. "L'insertion de la Chine dans la mondialisation, les flux d'investissements directs étrangers et la disparité économique régionale en Chine." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00771885.
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Depuis 1979, la Chine a entrepris les politiques des Réformes et de l'Ouverture. Cette période marque un tournant de la Chine. La libéralisation du marché, l'industrialisation et l'internationalisation, qui sont réalisées de manière systématique et graduelle, ont permis d'intégrer la Chine dans l'économie mondiale et la mondialisation. En étudiant le processus de la mondialisation et du développement régional en Chine, nous pouvons constater une évolution multipolaire : une transition de l'économie traditionnelle, planifiée et fermée vers une économie moderne et ouverte du marché, une transformation d'une société agricole vers une société industrielle et de services et un changement conceptuel du centrisme chinois et de tradition vers la mondialisation et la modernité. Cette évolution est le résultat des forces irrésistibles de la mondialisation et des expériences de la Chine quant à son refus, sa résistance, son acceptation forcée, et ses essais en matière d'apprentissage vers la mondialisation. Cependant, la croissance n'est pas partagée de manière équilibrée entre les régions de la Chine. En raison des différences dans l'environnement naturel, dans les ressources, dans les structures industrielles, dans le développement social et compte tenu des éléments historiques et politiques, le développement des régions retardées est une question qui relève non seulement de la stabilité économique et politique de la Chine, mais aussi d'une source de durabilité de la croissance chinoise. Les IDE sont un des facteurs contribuant à la croissance économique en Chine, mais ils ne sont pas les seuls facteurs fautifs à l'écart de la disparité en Chine.
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Kadri, Imen. "Controlled estimation algorithms of disparity map using a compensation compression scheme for stereoscopic image coding." Thesis, Paris 13, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA131002.
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Ces dernières années ont vu apparaître de nombreuses applications utilisant la technologie 3D tels que les écrans de télévisions 3D, les écrans auto-stéréoscopiques ou encore la visio-conférence stéréoscopique. Cependant ces applications nécessitent des techniques bien adaptées pour comprimer efficacement le volume important de données à transmettre ou à stocker. Les travaux développés dans cette thèse concernent le codage d’images stéréoscopiques et s’intéressent en particulier à l'amélioration de l'estimation de la carte de disparité dans un schéma de Compression avec Compensation de Disparité (CCD). Habituellement, l'algorithme d’appariement de blocs similaires dans les deux vues permet d’estimer la carte de disparité en cherchant à minimiser l’erreur quadratique moyenne entre la vue originale et sa version reconstruite sans compensation de disparité. L’erreur de reconstruction est ensuite codée puis décodée afin d’affiner (compenser) la vue prédite. Pour améliorer la qualité de la vue reconstruite, dans un schéma de codage par CCD, nous avons prouvé que le concept de sélectionner la disparité en fonction de l'image compensée plutôt que de l'image prédite donne de meilleurs résultats. En effet, les simulations montrent que notre algorithme non seulement réduit la redondance inter-vue mais également améliore la qualité de la vue reconstruite et compensée par rapport à la méthode habituelle de codage avec compensation de disparité. Cependant, cet algorithme de codage requiert une grande complexité de calculs. Pour remédier à ce problème, une modélisation simplifiée de la manière dont le codeur JPEG (à savoir la quantification des composantes DCT) impacte la qualité de l’information codée est proposée. En effet, cette modélisation a permis non seulement de réduire la complexité de calculs mais également d’améliorer la qualité de l’image stéréoscopique décodée dans un contexte CCD. Dans la dernière partie, une métrique minimisant conjointement la distorsion et le débit binaire est proposée pour estimer la carte de disparité en combinant deux algorithmes de codage d’images stéréoscopiques dans un schéma CCDNowadays, 3D technology is of ever growing demand because stereoscopic imagingcreate an immersion sensation. However, the price of this realistic representation is thedoubling of information needed for storage or transmission purpose compared to 2Dimage because a stereoscopic pair results from the generation of two views of the samescene. This thesis focused on stereoscopic image coding and in particular improving thedisparity map estimation when using the Disparity Compensated Compression (DCC)scheme.Classically, when using Block Matching algorithm with the DCC, a disparity mapis estimated between the left image and the right one. A predicted image is thencomputed.The difference between the original right view and its prediction is called theresidual error. This latter, after encoding and decoding, is injected to reconstruct theright view by compensation (i.e. refinement) . Our first developed algorithm takes intoaccount this refinement to estimate the disparity map. This gives a proof of conceptshowing that selecting disparity according to the compensated image instead of thepredicted one is more efficient. But this done at the expense of an increased numericalcomplexity. To deal with this shortcoming, a simplified modelling of how the JPEGcoder, exploiting the quantization of the DCT components, used for the residual erroryields with the compensation is proposed. In the last part, to select the disparity mapminimizing a joint bitrate-distortion metric is proposed. It is based on the bitrateneeded for encoding the disparity map and the distortion of the predicted view.This isby combining two existing stereoscopic image coding algorithms
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DAI, Erbiao, and Jinjun XUE. "Housing Disparity and Income Inequality in Urban China." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9590.
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Yamamoto, Kenji, Tomohiro Yendo, Toshiaki Fujii, and Masayuki Tanimoto. "RAY-SPACE COMPRESSION BY USING DISPARITY COMPENSATED DCT." INTELLIGENT MEDIA INTEGRATION NAGOYA UNIVERSITY / COE, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10392.
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Ali, El Zaart. "Modèle de régularisation pour l'estimation de la disparité." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq21750.pdf.
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Merali, Noorfarah Firoz. "Parent-adolescent acculturation disparity, social support and depression." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ60326.pdf.
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Mason, Helen Marcinda. "Multilevel Model of Racial Disparity in Traffic Enforcement." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11072002-170144/.
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Individual officer characteristics, attributes of the organization, and the racial threat thesis are all explored as possible contributors to the racial distribution of citations. Using Hierarchal Linear Modeling (HLM), the findings of the analyses suggest that less experienced officers and those officers working in patrol districts where members are more highly trained issue more African American citations than more experienced officers and officers working in patrol districts where members are less trained. The findings also indicate that the effect of length of service on the outcome measure varies by the officer?s race. The racial threat analyses suggest that there is racial disparity in the issuance of citations and that the extent of the disparity steadily increases as the representation of African Americans in the driving population increases. The implications of this dissertation?s findings for future research on the racial distribution of traffic enforcement outcomes are discussed.
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Wang, Lin Bollen Kenneth A. "Trajectories of adolescent depression and gender/racial disparity." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2005. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,195.
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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Sociology." Discipline: Sociology; Department/School: Sociology.
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Leon, Barth Carlos. "Phoneme-based video indexing using phonetic disparity search." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4628.
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This dissertation presents and evaluates a method to the video indexing problem by investigating a categorization method that transcribes audio content through Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) combined with Dynamic Contextualization (DC), Phonetic Disparity Search (PDS) and Metaphone indexation. The suggested approach applies genome pattern matching algorithms with computational summarization to build a database infrastructure that provides an indexed summary of the original audio content. PDS complements the contextual phoneme indexing approach by optimizing topic seek performance and accuracy in large video content structures. A prototype was established to translate news broadcast video into text and phonemes automatically by using ASR utterance conversions. Each phonetic utterance extraction was then categorized, converted to Metaphones, and stored in a repository with contextual topical information attached and indexed for posterior search analysis. Following the original design strategy, a custom parallel interface was built to measure the capabilities of dissimilar phonetic queries and provide an interface for result analysis. The postulated solution provides evidence of a superior topic matching when compared to traditional word and phoneme search methods. Experimental results demonstrate that PDS can be 3.7% better than the same phoneme query, Metaphone search proved to be 154.6% better than the same phoneme seek and 68.1 % better than the equivalent word search.ID: 030423400; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 228-236).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
Engineering and Computer Science
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Aranaz, Victoria Joanne. "Vertical disparity and convergence as cues to distance." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390748.
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Dowd, Matthew J. "Have sentencing guidelines eliminated sentence disparity in Kansas? /." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1455649.
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Thesis (M.J.S.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2008."May, 2008." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-41). Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2009]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. Online version available on the World Wide Web.
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Issa, Jimmy. "Vibration suppression through stiffness variation and modal disparity." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 7, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-117). Also issued in print.
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OLIVEIRA, CARLOS VINICIUS SOUSA DE. "DISPARITY MAPS USING GRAPH CUTS WITH MULTI-RESOLUTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2010. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=16430@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROReconstruir a informação 3D de uma cena é uma tarefa bastante comum em Visão Computacional. Uma das técnicas mais utilizadas para realizar esta tarefa é a correspondência por estéreo, que consiste basicamente em, dadas duas imagens referentes a uma mesma cena vista de pontos diferentes, determinar os pontos correspondentes entre essas duas imagens e armazenar essa informação em um mapa de disparidades. Até hoje diversos métodos foram propostos para resolver o problema de estéreo com esforço computacional viável e mantendo a qualidade dos resultados. Essa, entretanto, é uma tarefa bastante árdua e que difícilmente alcança resultados precisos com pouco esforço computacional. Nesse âmbito, uma técnica que tem sido muito estudada são os Cortes de Grafo (Graph Cuts), que almeja resolver o problema de minimização de energia em tempo polinomial. Nesse caso o problema de estéreo é mapeado como um problema de minimização de energia e desta forma solucionado utilizando cortes de grafo. Neste trabalho estudamos as técnicas de cortes de grafo mais recentes e eficientes e propomos um método para a determinação de correspondências entre duas imagens num contexto de multi-resolução, no qual uma pirâmide Gaussiana para as imagens é construída e a técnica de cortes de grafo é aplicada em níveis menores, otimizando a performance e obtendo resultados mais precisos através da utilização do algoritmo de expansão-alfa. São revisadas as técnicas de cortes de grafo e de multi-resolução e os resultados obtidos são apresentados e avaliados em relação a métodos semelhantes.
Reconstructing the 3D information of a scene is a common task in Computer Vision. Stereo matching is one of the most investigated techniques used to perform this task, which basically consists of, given two images of a scene seen from different view points, determining corresponding pixels in these two images and store this information in a disparity map. Several methods have been proposed to solve the stereo problem keeping good performance and giving good quality results. This is however a very arduos task which hardly achieves precise results with low computational power. In this context, the Graph Cuts method has been very much considered, which aims to solve the energy minimization problem in polinomial time. In this case the stereo problem can be modelled as an energy minimization problem and, thus solved using the Graph Cuts technique. In this work we investigate the most recent and efficient Graph Cuts methods and propose a method for establishing the correspondences between two images in the context of multi-resolution, in which a Gaussian pyramid for the input images is built and the Graph Cuts methods is applied in coarser levels, optimizing the performance and getting more precise results through the use of the alfa-expansion algorithm. The Graph Cuts and multi-resolution techniques are reviewed and the results of the proposed method are presented and evaluated compared to similar methods.
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Delinière, François. "Disparite de croissance foetale dans les grossesses gemellaires." Angers, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993ANGE1115.
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Camp, Jessica Amber. "Morphological variation and disparity in Lystrosaurus (Therapsida: Dicynodontia)." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/650.
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The dicynodont genus Lystrosaurus, a relative of the Kannemeyerids, is one of few terrestrial vertebrate genera which can be found on both sides of the Permian-Triassic (P-T) boundary (Botha and Smith, 2006); indeed, a single species, Lystrosaurus curvatus, is known from both periods. In the Permian, Lystrosaurus was of average abundance relative to other genera. Shortly following the P-T extinction, it drastically increased in abundance until it dominated the faunas it was present in (Botha and Smith, 2006). To date, Lystrosaurus fossils have been found in South Africa, India, Antarctica, China, and Russia (Grine et al., 2006). Abundance, survivorship, and expansive geographic presence give Lystrosaurus extreme potential as a model organism for multiple questions involving ideas such as extinction survivorship, biogeography, and ecology; however, Lystrosaurus has been subject to the practice of an extreme version of "splitter" taxonomy in the past. Here I quantify Lystrosaurus morphology using geometric morphometrics. Chinese Lystrosaurus taxonomy has not been analyzed in light of this. My results show that they are different from Gondwanan Lystrosaurus and represent at least one if not two unique species.
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Harris, Jenine K., Kate E. Beatty, J. P. Leider, Alana Knudson, Britta L. Anderson, and Michael Meit. "The Double Disparity Facing Rural Local Health Departments." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/6825.
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Residents of rural jurisdictions face significant health challenges, including some of the highest rates of risky health behaviors and worst health outcomes of any group in the country. Rural communities are served by smaller local health departments (LHDs) that are more understaffed and underfunded than their suburban and urban peers. As a result of history and current need, rural LHDs are more likely than their urban peers to be providers of direct health services, leading to relatively lower levels of population-focused activities. This review examines the double disparity faced by rural LHDs and their constituents: pervasively poorer health behaviors and outcomes and a historical lack of investment by local, state, and federal public health entities.
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Péterová, Jana. "Disparity v oblasti cestovního ruchu ve Středočeském kraji." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-19240.
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The work deals with regional disparities that play a key role in regional development process. Regional disparities are a major problem of regional development because they cause an uneven regional development. This work focuses specifically on disparities in tourism and it looks for suitable indicators to do a research on these disparities in the Central Bohemia Region. In this work, tourism figures as an instrument of regional policy for developing the region and, if possible, to reduce the regional disparities. Disparities in tourism are primarily characterized as spatial disparities that are mainly determined by indicators of transport infrastructure, natural environment and the potential for tourism. Using selected indicators of the indicators above, this work assesses the disparities of tourism in the Central Bohemian Region and it recommends some ways to reduce these disparities.
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Nováčková, Marcela. "Disparity v oblasti cestovního ruchu v kraji Vysočina." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-76994.
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This work focuses on regional disparities in the Sphere in the Vysočina Region. This work analyses the offer of tourism in these area, it looks for disparities in microregions Pelhřimovsko and Jihlavsko and it recommends indikators for their measuring. Using this indicators this work assesses the disparities of tourism and recommends some ways to reduce these regional disparities.
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Sodagari, Shabnam. "Variable block-size disparity estimation in stereo imagery." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/26399.
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This thesis addresses the problem of developing and implementing in software a variable block size (quadtree splitting) disparity estimation algorithm that is optimized for use in compression of stereo image pairs and studying its performance over a range of rate/distortion values for a variety of images.
First the constrained optimization problem is converted to an unconstrained one using the Lagrange multiplier approach. Then by solving the optimization problem using dynamic programming, the optimal variables representing the optimal quadtree structure and the quantizer for each node are determined. The experimental results show the improvements of this method over simple intraframe JPEG coding and over fixed block-size disparity estimation.
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El, Zaart Ali. "Modèle de régularisation pour l'estimation de la disparité." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1996. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4324.
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La perception de la profondeur dans les images stéréoscopiques est importante dans plusieurs domaines tels que la robotique, la télédétection et l'imagerie médicale. L'objectif de ce mémoire est de présenter un nouvel algorithme d'estimation de la disparité unidimensionnelle pour calculer la profondeur. Cette disparité est déterminée à partir d'une estimation de la différence de phases entre deux vues d'une même scène sous des angles légèrement différents. Cette différence de phases est obtenue en faisant la convolution des deux vues par la fonction gaussienne et les dérivées première et seconde de cette fonction. Les disparités obtenues sont souvent entachées d'erreurs, pour cela, nous utilisons un modèle de régularisation pour lisser la disparité en préservant les structures des objets. Ensuite, nous proposons une extension 2D de cet algorithme en utilisant la géométrie des deux caméras pour calculer la profondeur. Un premier avantage de cet algorithme est que celui-ci ne fait pas appel à la mise en correspondance de primitives, qui est un problème complexe. Un deuxième avantage est que l'extension 2D se fait de façon directe ; il suffit de prendre chaque droite épipolaire comme un signal, ce qui nous donne un algorithme efficace. Enfin, cet algorithme ne se limite pas à la stéréovision, mais pourra être utilisé dans le cas du mouvement. L'algorithme est appliqué à une scène synthétique simple dont la disparité de chaque point est 5 et a une scène synthétique complexe dont les disparités sont connues et varient entre 0 et 22. La qualité de la récupération atteint typiquement 0.0008 d'erreur moyenne sur la disparité pour la scène simple et 1.424 d'erreur moyenne sur la disparité pour la scène complexe. Finalement, nous l'avons appliqué à une scène réelle dont la disparité de chaque point est inconnue ; il donne de bons résultats visuels. [Résumé abrégé par UMI].