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Journal articles on the topic 'Disparida'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Mao, Yingyan, Gary D. Webster, William I. Ausich, Yue Li, Qiulai Wang, and Mike Reich. "A new crinoid fauna from the Taiyuan Formation (early Permian) of Henan, North China." Journal of Paleontology 92, no. 6 (May 9, 2018): 1066–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2018.27.

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AbstractA diverse Permian crinoid fauna is reported from the Taiyuan Formation, Dajian Member (Asselian) at Anyang, northeastern Henan Province of the North China Craton. The specimens are well preserved, including articulated crowns and cups. The fauna contains representatives of each of the major Paleozoic crinoid clades: Cladida (including the Flexibilia), Disparida, and Camerata. Identified genera suggest a greater affinity with North American faunas than with Tethyan faunas. Four new species,Neoprotencrinus anyangensis,Ulocrinus qiaoi,Artichthyocrinus limani, andSynbathocrinus chenae, are proposed herein.UUID:http://zoobank.org/D08DDDCD-485C-45CC-A014-C1CB58C26588
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2

Zamora, Samuel, Imran A. Rahman, and William I. Ausich. "Palaeogeographic implications of a new iocrinid crinoid (Disparida) from the Ordovician (Darriwillian) of Morocco." PeerJ 3 (December 7, 2015): e1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1450.

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Complete, articulated crinoids from the Ordovician peri-Gondwanan margin are rare. Here, we describe a new species,Iocrinus africanussp. nov., from the Darriwilian-age Taddrist Formation of Morocco. The anatomy of this species was studied using a combination of traditional palaeontological methods and non-destructive X-ray micro-tomography (micro-CT). This revealed critical features of the column, distal arms, and aboral cup, which were hidden in the surrounding rock and would have been inaccessible without the application of micro-CT.Iocrinus africanussp. nov. is characterized by the presence of seven to thirteen tertibrachials, three in-line bifurcations per ray, and an anal sac that is predominantly unplated or very lightly plated.Iocrinusis a common genus in North America (Laurentia) and has also been reported from the United Kingdom (Avalonia) and Oman (middle east Gondwana). Together withMerocrinus, it represents one of the few geographically widespread crinoids during the Ordovician and serves to demonstrate that faunal exchanges between Laurentia and Gondwana occurred at this time. This study highlights the advantages of using both conventional and cutting-edge techniques (such as micro-CT) to describe the morphology of new fossil specimens.
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DONOVAN, STEPHEN K., C. GILES MILLER, IVAN J. SANSOM, ALAN P. HEWARD, and JAN SCHREURS. "A Laurentian Iocrinus Hall (Crinoidea, Disparida) in the Dapingian or Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician, Arenig) of Oman." Palaeontology 54, no. 3 (May 2011): 525–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01042.x.

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4

Ausich, William I. "Early phylogeny and subclass division of the Crinoidea (Phylum Echinodermata)." Journal of Paleontology 72, no. 3 (May 1998): 499–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000024276.

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A stepwise approach is employed to determine the phylogeny of the initial crinoid radiation during the Arenig and Llanvirn series of the Ordovician. Parsimony-based character analysis is completed first on Arenig crinoids and then for Arenig and Llanvirn crinoids combined.The topology from well-resolved trees of this early crinoid radiation indicates that the Crinoidea should be subdivided into six subclasses. A new subclass and new order, Aethocrinea and Aethocrinida, respectively, are proposed for crinoids with four circlets of plates in the aboral cup: lintels, infrabasals, basals, and radials. This aboral cup construction is best displayed byAethocrinus, one of the oldest known crinoids (?Tremadoc-Arenig). However, this primitive aboral cup construction is also present in two Llanvirn crinoids,PerittocrinusandTetracionocrinus.The Aethocrinea was a small, short-lived radiation of crinoids with this design that was different from those of other crinoids. Two families in the Aethocrinida are the Aethocrinidae, which includesAethocrinus, and the Perittocrinidae, which includesPerittocrinusandTetracionocrinus.In addition to the Aethocrinea, the following crinoid subclasses are recognized based on character analyses of these earliest crinoids: Cladida, Camerata, Disparida, Flexibilia, and Articulata.
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5

Rozhnov, S. V. "Streptoiocrinus gen. nov. (Disparida, Crinoidea) from the Lower and Middle Ordovician of the Leningrad Region, and Fluctuating Asymmetry of Radial Symmetry." Paleontological Journal 54, no. 7 (December 2020): 704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031030120070114.

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6

Guensburg, Thomas E. "Alphacrinus new genus and origin of the disparid clade." Journal of Paleontology 84, no. 6 (November 2010): 1209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/10-030.1.

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Alphacrinus mansfieldi new genus and species from the Middle Tremadoc Series (Early Ibexian), near the base of the Ordovician, is the oldest known disparid crinoid. A new family, Alphacrinidae, receives this monospecific genus. Alphacrinus's character mosaic includes primitive traits unknown among other disparids, auguring for disparid origin from a more complexly plated, less standardized antecedent, and echoing the evolutionary progression documented for camerates and cladids. Disparids are diagnosed as those crinoids expressing an arm-like branch from the C ray. Morphologic progression indicates this distinctive trait evolved by modification of CD interray plates, not as an outgrowth from the C ray.
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7

Webster, G. D., James W. Haggart, Carrie Saxifrage, Barry Saxifrage, Christian Gronau, and Aileen Douglas. "Globally significant Early Permian crinoids from the Mount Mark Formation in Strathcona Provincial Park, Vancouver Island, British Columbia — preliminary analysis of a disappearing fauna." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46, no. 9 (September 2009): 663–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e09-039.

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Strata of the Mount Mark Formation, Buttle Lake Group, exposed in the vicinity of Marble Peak in Strathcona Provincial Park, central Vancouver Island, contain a diverse Early Permian crinoid fauna. This is the first Permian fauna containing crowns and cups recognized from Wrangellia terrane. The fauna contains representatives of each of the major Paleozoic crinoid subclasses: Camerata, Disparida, and Cladida. Specimens were observed and photographed between 2004 and 2008. No specimens were collected in adherence to regulations of Stratcona Provincial Park. Preliminary identifications recognize several new genera and species within the fauna, but they are not named or described lacking specimens for repository. A minimum of 24 species are judged to be in the fauna, making it the second most diverse Permian fauna known from North America. Identified genera suggest a greater relationship to North American faunas than to Paleotethyan faunas, suggesting Wrangellia was closer to North America than to the Paleotethyan realm during Early Permian time. Exposures of the Mount Mark Formation in the vicinity of Marble Peak are undergoing karstification, and specimens are being lost under the harsh weathering conditions. Observations of individual specimens over a five-year interval found that morphologic details critical for identification are being lost at an alarming rate. It is recommended that sufficient specimens in the fauna should be collected as soon as possible for identification and analysis. These specimens should be preserved for future reference and could form an educational display in the Strathcona Provincial Park headquarters.
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8

Wright, David F., William I. Ausich, Selina R. Cole, Mark E. Peter, and Elizabeth C. Rhenberg. "Phylogenetic taxonomy and classification of the Crinoidea (Echinodermata)." Journal of Paleontology 91, no. 4 (February 22, 2017): 829–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2016.142.

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AbstractA major goal of biological classification is to provide a system that conveys phylogenetic relationships while facilitating lucid communication among researchers. Phylogenetic taxonomy is a useful framework for defining clades and delineating their taxonomic content according to well-supported phylogenetic hypotheses. The Crinoidea (Echinodermata) is one of the five major clades of living echinoderms and has a rich fossil record spanning nearly a half billion years. Using principles of phylogenetic taxonomy and recent phylogenetic analyses, we provide the first phylogeny-based definition for the Clade Crinoidea and its constituent subclades. A series of stem- and node-based definitions are provided for all major taxa traditionally recognized within the Crinoidea, including the Camerata, Disparida, Hybocrinida, Cladida, Flexibilia, and Articulata. Following recommendations proposed in recent revisions, we recognize several new clades, including the Eucamerata Cole 2017, Porocrinoidea Wright 2017, and Eucladida Wright 2017. In addition, recent phylogenetic analyses support the resurrection of two names previously abandoned in the crinoid taxonomic literature: the Pentacrinoidea Jaekel, 1918 and Inadunata Wachsmuth and Springer, 1885. Last, a phylogenetic perspective is used to inform a comprehensive revision of the traditional rank-based classification. Although an attempt was made to minimize changes to the rank-based system, numerous changes were necessary in some cases to achieve monophyly. These phylogeny-based classifications provide a useful template for paleontologists, biologists, and non-experts alike to better explore evolutionary patterns and processes with fossil and living crinoids.
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9

Pinarta, I. Putu Bayu, and I. Ketut Mertha. "PENGATURAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI: ANALISIS DISPARITAS PENANGGULANGAN PENJATUHAN PIDANA DI INDONESIA." Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 10 (November 4, 2020): 1608. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v08.i10.p11.

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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim dalam penjatuhan pidana pada kasus tindak pidana korupsi yang menimbulkan disparitas dan konsep ideal agar tidak ada lagi disparitas pidana pada penjatuhan pidana tindak pidana korupsi dikaitkan dengan rasa keadilan masyarakat Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mempergunakan jenis penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan atau statute approach untuk menganalisis. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang menjadi pertimbangan hakim pada kasus tindak pidana korupsi sehingga menimbulkan disparitas putusan pidana meliputi faktor perundang-undangan; pribadi hakim; dan lingkungan yang mencakup faktor politik dan ekonomi dan konsep ideal agar tidak ada lagi disparitas pidana pada penjatuhan pidana tindak pidana korupsi dapat dilakukan dengan cara dibuatnya pedoman pemidanaan; mengkonstruksi kembali (rekonstruksi) pola pemikiran dan perilaku etik hakim; dan upaya untuk memutus perkara yang bebas tendensi. The objective of this research to reveal factors that are considered by the judge in the criminal punishment on corruption cases which causes disparity and the ideal concept to avoid no more criminal disparity on the criminal punishment of corruption. The method used in this research uses normative juridical legal research with a statutory or statutory approach to analysis. The result of this research indicates that factors that are considered by the judge in the criminal punishment on corruption cases which causes disparity included legislation factors; judge personal factors; and environmental factors which include political and economic factors and the ideal concept so that no criminal disparity on the criminal punishment of corruption can be done by the way made sentencing guidelines that can be used as a reference or guidelines for judges to impose criminal sanctions; constructing (reconstruction) patterns of thought and ethical behavior of judges; and an attempt to break free cases tendencies.
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10

Aznar-Casanova, José Antonio, and Germán Fernández Titos. "Modelos de computación de la disparidad binocular Computing models of the binocular disparity." Cognitiva 13, no. 1 (March 1, 2001): 97–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1174/021435501753635604.

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11

Yuniasih, Aisyah Fitri, Muhammad Firdaus, and Idqan Fahmi. "Disparitas, Konvergensi, dan Determinan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja Regional di Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 14, no. 1 (July 1, 2013): 63–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v14i1.447.

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AbstractIndonesia has been still experiencing regional economic disparity problems, including in labour productivity. This study employs dynamic panel approach to analyze convergence and to identify determinants of regional labour productivity during the period of 1987-2011. The System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) estimation results show that regional convergence process occurs with speed of convergence of 0.06518 per year. Physical capital stock, human capital stock, total trade, and real wage give positive impacts. Therefore, government should prioritize in overcoming labour productivity disparity in Eastern Indonesia in which are more unequal than in Western Indonesia where interventions should be greater for provinces with lower labour productivity.Keywords: Disparity, Convergence, Labour Productivity, Dynamic Panel AbstrakIndonesia masih mengalami masalah terkait dengan disparitas perekonomian regional, termasuk dalam hal produktivitas tenaga kerja. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan panel dinamis untuk menganalisis konvergensi dan mengidentikasi determinan produktivitas tenaga kerja regional selama periode 1987-2011. Model estimasi System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) menunjukkan bahwa proses konvergensi regional terjadi dengan kecepatan konvergensi 0,06518 per tahun. Stok modal fisik, stok modal manusia, total perdagangan, dan upah riil ditemukan memberikan pengaruh positif. Pemerintah harus lebih memprioritaskan untuk mengatasi masalah disparitas produktivitas tenaga kerja di Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI) yang lebih timpang dibandingkan Kawasan Barat Indonesia (KBI) di mana intervensi harus lebih fokus terhadap provinsi-provinsi dengan tingkat produktivitas tenaga kerja yang lebih rendah.Kata kunci: Disparitas, Konvergensi, Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja, Panel Dinamis
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12

Deline, Bradley, and William I. Ausich. "Testing the plateau: a reexamination of disparity and morphologic constraints in early Paleozoic crinoids." Paleobiology 37, no. 2 (2011): 214–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/09063.1.

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Studies of crinoid morphology have been pivotal in understanding the constraints on the range of morphology within a clade as well as the patterns of disparity throughout the Phanerozoic. Newly discovered and described faunas and recent study of early Paleozoic crinoid diversity provide an ideal opportunity to reanalyze Ordovician through Early Silurian crinoid disparity with more complete taxonomic coverage and finer stratigraphic resolution. Using the coarse stratigraphic binning of Foote (1999), the updated morphologic data set has a similar disparity pattern to those previously reported for the early Paleozoic. However, with the more resolved stratigraphic binning used by Peters and Ausich (2008), a significant difference exists between the original and current data sets. Both data sets have a pronounced disparity high during the late Middle Ordovician. However, the updated disparity curve has a much higher initial disparity during the Early Ordovician and a pronounced rise in disparity during the Silurian recovery. Examination of differential sampling, proportions of the crinoid orders through time, and methods of coding characters indicate these factors have little effect on the pattern of crinoid disparity. The Silurian morphospace expansion occurs primarily within disparids and coincides with the origination of the myelodactylids. These findings corroborate the rapid expansion of morphospace during the Ordovician. However, crinoid disparity did not remain static and, although less frequent than during the initial radiation, new body plans evolved following the Ordovician Extinction (e.g., the myelodactylids). These results are consistent with the hypothesis of ecology constraining the limits on morphologic disparity at the class level.
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Prahassacitta, Vidya, and Batara Hasibuan. "DISPARITAS PERLINDUNGAN KEBEBASAN BEREKSPRESI DALAM PENERAPAN PASAL PENGHINAAN UNDANG-UNDANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK." Jurnal Yudisial 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29123/jy.v12i1.299.

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ABSTRAKPasal penghinaan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik sebagaimana telah diamandemen dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2016 merupakan pasal yang sering menimbulkan perdebatan. Penulis mengkaji putusan-putusan pengadilan periode tahun 2010-2016, dan menemukan rumusan masalah bagaimana disparitas penerapan pasal penghinaan dalam Pasal 27 ayat (3) jo. Pasal 45 Undang-Undang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, dan pada aspek perlindungan terhadap kebebasan berekspresi? Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan kasus dilakukan untuk memperoleh jawaban. Analisis terhadap dua belas putusan pengadilan yang telah berkekuatan hukum tetap pada periode tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2016 diperoleh dua kesimpulan. Pertama, terjadi disparitas dalam penerapan Pasal 27 ayat (3) jo. Pasal 45 tersebut karena adanya disparitas ketika hakim menginterpretasikan unsur-unsur pasal tersebut. Kedua, terjadi disparitas dalam perlindungan kebebasan berekspresi akibat adanya disparitas tersebut, bahkan penerapan pasal tindak pidana penghinaan tersebut cenderung mengancam kebebasan berekspresi.Kata kunci: tindak pidana, penghinaan, kebebasan berekspresi. ABSTRACT Article of defamation in Law Number 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions as amended by Law Number 19 of 2016 is every so often debated. This analysis examines court decisions around the period 2010-2016 with the formulation of the problem of how inconsistent the application of the defamation article in Article 27 paragraph (3) juncto Article 45 of Information and Electronic Transactions Law, along with the aspect of freedom of expression protection. This study uses normative research methods with law and cases approach to obtain answers. Out from analyzing twelve court decisions with have permanent legal force from 2010 to 2016, two conclusions are obtained. First, there is disparity in the application of Article 27 paragraph (3) in conjunction with Article 45 because of the disparity when the judge interprets the elements of the article. Second, there is disparity in the protection of freedom of expression due to the difference; even the application of the criminal offense article tends to threaten freedom of expression. The contradiction must be between the decisions of the same court, or at the same level. Keywords: criminal act, defamation, freedom of expression.
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Kustanto, Munari, and Fitriyatus Sholihah. "Reserve Brain Drain sebagai Alternatif Mengatasi Kemiskinan." Jurnal Litbang: Media Informasi Penelitian, Pengembangan dan IPTEK 16, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.33658/jl.v16i1.164.

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ENGLISHIn the period 2010-2019, the poverty rate in East Java Province was always above the national achievements. The other, in the same period of time there was a poverty disparity between rural and urban areas in East Java Province. This study aims to formulate a strategy to overcome poverty disparity in East Java. This study used a descriptive quantitative approach. This study uses secondary data namely poverty, disparity and urbanization data. The analysis shows that urbanization which occurred in East Java pushed migration of the quality human resources in the village. This can be traced from the increasing urbanization of intellectuals and migrants of productive age in East Java in the period 2010-2015. Overcoming poverty inequality between villages and cities is difficult to realize when villages are shortage of human resources to carry out development. Reserve brain is a solution for efforts to restore the village human resources as a capital to carry out development. INDONESIAAngka kemiskinan Provinsi Jawa Timur selalu berada di atas capaian nasional dalam kurun waktu 2010-2019. Dalam kurun waktu yang sama, terjadi disparitas kemiskinan antara daerah perdesaan dan perkotaan di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Studi ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan strategi mengatasi disparitas kemiskinan di Jawa Timur. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berupa data kemiskinan, disparitas, dan urbanisasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa urbanisasi yang terjadi di Jawa Timur menyedot sumber daya manusia berkualitas di desa. Hal ini terlihat dari meningkatnya urbanisasi intelektual dan migran usia produktif di Jawa Timur dalam kurun waktu tahun 2010-2015. Upaya mengatasi ketimpangan kemiskinan antara desa dan kota sulit terwujud manakala desa semakin kekurangan sumber daya manusia untuk melakukan pembangunan. Reserve brain menjadi sebuah solusi bagi upaya mengembalikan sumber daya manusia desa sebagai salah satu modal untuk melakukan pembangunan.
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Doriza, Shinta, Deniey Adi Purwanto, and Ernita Maulida. "Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Disparitas Akses Pendidikan Dasar di Indonesia." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 13, no. 1 (July 1, 2012): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v13i1.25.

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AbstractThe objective of fiscal decentralization objective in Indonesia is to reduce development disparities. Regarding education development, one crucial issue is access disparity. Using 440 sub provincial database during 2005-2009, this study is aim to analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization in reducing disparity of primary education access. Using fixed-effect model, the result showed that Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) for Education, DAK Non Education, and Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) have significant impact in reducing education access disparity along with the wealth and regional characteristics. Nonetheless efforts need to be done to optimize the equalization of education access including strengthening the provincial government role in resources allocation and distribution of basic education services.Keywords: Fiscal Decentralization, Primary Education Access, Panel Data Analysis AbstrakTujuan desentralisasi fiskal di Indonesia adalah untuk mengurangi kesenjangan pembangunan. Terkait dengan pembangunan pendidikan, salah satu masalah krusial adalah kesenjangan akses. Menggunakan data dari 440 database kabupaten kota selama 2005-2009, studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak desentralisasi fiskal dalam mengurangi disparitas akses pendidikan dasar. Dengan menggunakan fixed-effect model, hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Dana Alokasi Khusus (DAK) Pendidikan, DAK Non-Pendidikan, dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) memiliki dampak yang signikan dalam mengurangi disparitas akses pendidikan bersama dengan karakteristik kekayaan dan regional. Berbagai upaya tetap perlu dilakukan untuk mengoptimalkan pemerataan akses pendidikan termasuk penguatan peran pemerintah provinsi dalam alokasi dan distribusi sumber daya pelayanan pendidikan dasar.Kata kunci: Desentralisasi Fiskal, Akses Pendidikan Dasar, Analisis Data Panel
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Qadir, Mudasar, Youngsung Soh, Hadi Ashraf, and Intaek Kim. "A Hybridized Disparity Computation Fusing Disparity Space Image and Multi Resolution Image Segmentation." International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 6, no. 5 (October 2014): 421–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2014.v6.902.

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Putra, A. A. Ngr Rai Anjasmara, I. Made Sepud, and I. Nyoman Sujana. "Disparitas Putusan Hakim dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika." Jurnal Analogi Hukum 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2020): 129–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/ah.2.2.1884.129-135.

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Disparitas dalam bahasa indonesia memiliki arti perbedaan, dalam ilmu hukum disparitas (disparity of sentencing) yaitu perbedaan putusan yang di jatuhkan oleh hakim dalam suatu tindak pidana yang sama, Hakim dalam menjatuhkan putusan sering terjadi disparitas ini atau adanya perbedaan dalam suatu putusan dalam kasus yang sama. Salah satunya dalam kasus tindak pidana Narkotika dimana ada pelaku yang di jatuhi pidana penjara dan ada pelaku yang di jatuhi putusan rehabilitasi dalam hal ini seorang hakim haruslah memiliki pemahaman dan pandangan bahwa seorang penyalahgunaan Narkotika adalah korban yang harus di sembuhkan dari penyakit ketergantungan. Dalam proses persidangan hakim memiliki wewenang dalam memeriksa dan memutus lalu dalam memutus perkara hakim memiliki pertimbangan yang dimana bisa memberatkan ataupun meringankan tersangka agar terciptanya keadilan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana kewenangan seorang hakim dalam memutus tindak pidana dan Dasar pertimbangan hakim sehingga terjadi disparitas putusan dalam tindak pidana Narkotika. Metode yang digunakan merupakan tipe penelitian Normatif dengan melakukan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual dan pendekatan kasus yang dianalisis menggunakan teknik bersifat sistematis dengan disajikan secara deskriptif-analitis dibantu dengan sumber bahan hukum yang dikumpulkan lalu ditafsirkan. Hakim dalam tindak pidana narkotika berwenang untuk memeriksa alat bukti, keterangan saksi, keterangan terdakwa,dan keterangan ahli dan dalam memutus tindak pidana narkotika hakim berwenang untuk menentukan terdakwa di rehabilitasi atau dipidana penjara beranjak ke Dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam memutus disparitas terhadap tindak pidana narkotika disebabkan adanya perbuatan berbeda yang dilakukan oleh terdakwa dimana jika terdakwa hanya sebagai pengguna maka putusan yang diterima akan lebih ringan dan jika terdakwa sebagai pengedar maka akan memberatkan hukumannya
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VIANNA, E. N., J. O. COSTA, C. K. S. SANTOS, M. C. CURY, E. F. SILVA, A. O. COSTA, and M. A. GOMES. "An alternative method for DNA extraction and PCR identification ofEntamoeba histolyticaandE. disparin fecal samples." Parasitology 136, no. 7 (June 2009): 765–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009006167.

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SUMMARYSince it is known thatEntamoeba disparis non-pathogenic and morphologically similar toE. histolytica, there are many targets used in PCR for differentiating these species. However, obtaining high quality DNA from fecal samples is fundamental for PCR. Most methods are laborious or use kits that make diagnosis expensive. In the present work, a new simple, fast and cheap technique of DNA extraction from fecal samples was combined with a PCR for an episomal target in order to identifyE. histolyticaandE. disparin feces.
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Laut, Lorentino Togar, Arinda Sita Putri, and Yustirania Septiani. "PENGARUH PMA, PMDN, TPAK, PDRB PERKAPITA, PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH TERHADAP DISPARITAS PENDAPATAN JAWA." Stability: Journal of Management and Business 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2020): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26877/sta.v3i2.7781.

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AbstrakDistribusi pendapatan di Pulau Jawa masih belum merata, pertumbuhan ekonomi di Pulau Jawa belum mampu mencapai kesejahteraan ekonomi yang merata. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh penanaman modal asing, penanaman modal dalam negeri, tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, PDRB perkapita, dan pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap disparitas pendapatan di Pulau Jawa tahun 2008-2018. Jenis data adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik Indonesia dan Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal. Analisis data menggunakan regresi data panel Eviews 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penanaman modal asing, penanaman modal dalam negeri dan pengeluaran pemerintah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disparitas pendapatan di Pulau Jawa tahun 2008-2018. Sedangkan variabel tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, PDRB perkapita, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap disparitas pendapatan di Pulau Jawa tahun 2008-2018. Dari seluruh variabel berpengaruh secara simultan terhadap disparitas di Pulau Jawa tahun 2008-2018.Kata Kunci : Disparitas pendapatan; Kesejahteraan Ekonomi; Pertumbuhan Ekonomi;AbstractThe distribution of income in Java Island is still uneven, economic growth in Java has not been able to achieve equitable economic prosperity. So this study aims to determine how the effect of foreign investment, domestic investment, labor force participation rate, GDP per capita, and government spending on income disparities in Java in 2008-2018. The type of data is secondary data sourced from the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics and the Investment Coordinating Board. Data analysis used Eviews 7 panel data regression. The results showed that foreign investment, domestic investment and government spending did not have a significant effect on income disparities in Java in 2008-2018. Meanwhile, the variable of the level of labor force participation, GDP per capita, has a significant effect on income disparities in Java in 2008-2018. Of all the variables simultaneously influence disparities in Java in 2008-2018. Keywords : Income disparity; Economic Prosperity; Economic growth;
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Ausich, William I., David F. Wright, Selina R. Cole, and Joseph M. Koniecki. "Disparid and hybocrinid crinoids (Echinodermata) from the Upper Ordovician (lower Katian) Brechin Lagerstätte of Ontario." Journal of Paleontology 92, no. 5 (June 18, 2018): 850–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.154.

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AbstractThe Brechin Lagerstätte (Katian, Ordovician) from the Lake Simcoe region of Ontario, Canada contains a diverse array of echinoderms. Here, we describe seven disparid and two hybocrinid crinoids (subclass Pentacrinoidea, infraclass Inadunata), including a new disparid species belonging to the Anomalocrinidae (order Homocrinida). In total, the disparids include Anomalocrinus astrictus n. sp.; Cremacrinus guttenbergensis Kolata, 1975; C. inaequalis Billings, 1859; Daedalocrinus bellevillensis Billings, 1883; Eustenocrinus springeri Ulrich, 1925; Iocrinus trentonensis Walcott, 1883; and Isotomocrinus tenuis Billings, 1857b. The hybocrinids include Hybocrinus tumidus Billings, 1857a and Hybocystites problematicus Wetherby, 1880. Previously known from only the holotype, three additional specimens of E. springeri expand our understanding of this unusual crinoid. Nomenclatural acts include: (1) the recommended designation of D. kirki Ulrich, 1925 as a junior synonym of D. bellevillensis is followed; (2) Hybocrinus pristinus Billings, 1858 is designated as a junior synonym of H. tumidus, and previous decisions are followed to retain Hybocystites eldonensis (Parks, 1908) as a junior synonym of H. problematicus; (3) although probably assignable to Anomalocrinus Meek and Worthen, 1865, the aberrant crinoid Glaucocrinus falconeri Parks and Alcock, 1912, and its genus Glaucocrinus Parks and Alcock, 1912, are designated as nomena dubia; (4) Iocrinus similis (Billings, 1857) is also designated as a nomen dubium; and (5) Iocrinus subcrassus torontoensis Fritz, 1925 is designated a junior synonym of I. subcrassus Meek and Worthen, 1865.UUID: http://zoobank.org/90f8580b-ed7e-4405-97b2-73c9069de7f5
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Ika Wahyuntari, Linda, and Amin Pujiati. "Disparitas Pembangunan Wilayah Kabupaten/ Kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah." Economics Development Analysis Journal 5, no. 3 (March 14, 2018): 296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/edaj.v5i3.22153.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh, menganalisis pengaruh aglomerasi industri, dana perimbangan, IPM, dan klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh terhadap disparitas pembangunan wilayah kabupaten/ kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif Tipologi Klassen dan analisis regresi data panel dengan metode Generalized Least Square (GLS). Hasil identifikasi kabupaten/ kota yang konsisten berada di klasifikasi daerah cepat maju dan cepat tumbuh dalam kurun waktu tahun 2009-2013, yaitu Kabupaten Cilacap, Kota Magelang, Kota Surakarta, dan Kota Semarang. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aglomerasi industri berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan dana perimbangan, IPM, dan klasifikasi daerah cepat dan cepat tumbuh berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap disparitas pembangunan wilayah kabupaten/ kota di Provinsi Jawa Tengah. This study aims to identify the classification of the area fast forward and fast-growing, analyze the effect of industrial agglomeration, the balance funds, HDI, and area classification fast forward and fast-growing against the disparity of development districts/ cities in Central Java province. This research using descriptive analysis Typology Klassen and panel data regression analysis with the method of Generalized Least Square (GLS). The results of the identification of districts/ cities that are in the area classification consistently fast forward and fast-growing in the period 2009-2013, namely Kabupaten Cilacap, Kota Magelang, Kota Surakarta and Kota Semarang. The results of this study indicate that the industrial agglomeration effect on positive and significant, while the balance funds, HDI, and the classification of fast and fast-growing regions a significant negative effect on the development disparity districts/ cities in Central Java province.
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Soemarmi, Amiek, Erlyn Indarti, and Pujiyono Pujiyono. "Paradigm Of Judicial Verdict." Law, Development and Justice Review 2, no. 1 (May 29, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ldjr.v2i1.5138.

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A judge holds a paradigm that greatly influences the way in which reality is perceived. Grasping the meaning of reality will create a relationship between the judge itself, a paradigm follower, with a comprehended reality in which it will create a methodology for the solving the problem of the reality. Unconsciously, the paradigm will affect a judge in applying discretion. The discretion applied by one judge to another will be different. The difference is based on the diversity of its paradigm that will lead to disparity in the judicial verdict. The disparity in judicial verdicts occurs because of the paradigm of a judge embedded in himself. The paradigm of a judge will influence the extent to which discretionary constraints are applied. The diversity of paradigms adopted by judges will make a difference regarding to the limitation in applying discretion resulting the disparities in judicial verdicts. This study uses paradigm study in a qualitative research as the initial determinant where the dynamic variable is not always static. Construtive paradigm will guide the writer in doing the translation of data obtained through interview and other observation methods. ABSTRAKSeorang Hakim menganut paradigma yang sangat mempengaruhi terhadap cara memandang realitas, setelah menangkap makna dari realitas maka akan tercipta hubungan antara hakim itu sendiri selaku penganut paradigma tertentu dengan realitas yang dipahami, dimana keterkaitan itu akan menciptakan metodologi untuk menyelesaukan masalah-masalah terhadap realitas tersebut. Tanpa disadari paradigma tersebut akan mempengaruhi seorang hakim dalam menerapkan diskresi. Diskresi yang diterapkan seorang hakim yang satu dengan yang lainakan berbeda. Perbedaan tersebut dilandasi atas keberagaman paradigma yang dianutnya, perbedaan paradigma tersebut akan terjadi disparitas dalam putusan hakim. Disparitas putusan hakim terjadi karena paradigma seorang hakim yang tertanam pada dirinya sendiri. Paradigma seorang hakim akan mempengaruhi sejauh mana batasan diskresi yang diterapkan, dengan keberagaman paradigma yang dianut hakim akan menimbuklkan perbedaan mengenai batasan penerapan diskresi sehingga menghasilkan disparitas dalam putusan hakim. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian paradigma dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif sebagai penentu awal dimana variabel bersifat dinamis yang tidak selamanya statis. Paradigmna konstruktivisme akan memandu penulis dalam melakukan penerjemahan data yang diperoleh melalui metode wawancara dan pengamatan lainnya.Kata Kunci: paradigma, hakim, putusan hakim.
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Mauliddah, Nurullaili. "Disparitas Pendapatan dan Pengembangan Ekonomi Lokal di Kota Surabaya." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Dharma Andalas 22, no. 2 (August 2, 2020): 325–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.47233/jebd.v22i2.104.

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ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to explain and find out whether local economic development in the city of Surabaya has been going well and have an impact on decreasing disparity between sub-districts in Surabaya. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with SWOT analysis and Williamson Index (IW). The instrument used in obtaining primary data was a questionnaire distributed to MSMEs under the guidance of the Surabaya City Government by sampling using Proportional Stratified Random Sampling. The results of the study illustrate the potential for the local economy to have been developed and facilitated by the government in the form of training, access to capital, facilitation of business legality, etc. However, the disparity between sub-districts is still relatively high with the calculation of the average Williamson Index of 0.5 in the period 2014-2018. Therefore, government intervention is still very much needed in developing the local economic potential of Surabaya City ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menjelaskan dan mengetahui apakah pengembangan ekonomi lokal di Kota Surabaya telah berjalan dengan baik dan memberikan dampak terhadap penurunan disparitas antar wilayah kecamatan di Kota Surabaya. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan alat analisis SWOT dan perhitungan Indeks Williamson (IW). Instrumen yang digunakan dalam menggali data primer adalah kuesioner yang disebar kepada pelaku UMKM binaan Pemerintah Kota Surabaya dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan tehnik Proportional Stratified Random Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi ekonomi lokal telah dikembangkan dan difaslitasi oleh pemerintah baik dalam bentuk pelatihan, akses modal, fasilitasi legalitas usaha dsb. Namun demikian, disparitas antar wilayah kecamatan masih tergolong tinggi dengan hasil perhitungan Indeks Williamson rata-rata dalam kurun waktu tahun 2014-2018 sebesar 0,5. Oleh karena itu, intervensi pemerintah masih sangat dibutuhkan dalam pengembangan potensi ekonomi lokal Kota Surabaya.
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Adelman, Judge Lynn, and Jon Deitrich. "Disparity." Federal Sentencing Reporter 29, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/fsr.2017.29.4.221.

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SCHOR, CLIFTON, KENNETH M. ROBERTSON, and MICHAEL WESSON. "Disparity Vergence Dynamics and Fixation Disparity." Optometry and Vision Science 63, no. 8 (August 1986): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198608000-00003.

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Boháčková, I., and M. Hrabánková. "Income disparity of Czech agriculture – selected aspects." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 54, No. 5 (June 13, 2008): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/250-agricecon.

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The paper is focused on the problems of income disparity in agriculture. This economic as well as social phenomenon is often discussed, especially at the administrative level, nevertheless, it has not been exactly defined and methodically delimited yet. The comparison of average wages of farmers with average wages in inhomogeneous industry and with average wages in the very sector-differentiated national economy used today can be considered as problematic. In the paper, the possible system of income disparity monitoring is suggested which would remove the current deficiencies. In its frame, a special attention is paid to regional aspects of income disparity and the relation of wages and labour productivity.
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Hamada, Róbert. "Regional Disparities and Approaches to Their Evaluation." Geografické štúdie 17, no. 1 (2013): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17846/gs.2013.17.1.4-16.

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Nugraha, Qoni Santoso, Agus Dwi Wicaksono, and Nyoman Suluh Wijaya. "Regional Disparity Level at West Papua Province." International Journal of Environmental and Agriculture Research 3, no. 8 (August 31, 2017): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.25125/agriculture-journal-ijoear-aug-2017-9.

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Persegona, Marcelo Felipe, Gelson Luiz De Albuquerque, Neyson Pinheiro Freire, Matheus Cruz, and Gedalias Valentim. "Sistema de información geográfica aplicada al estudio de los datos de los profesionales de enfermería del Brasil." Enfermagem em Foco 3, no. 4 (November 29, 2012): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21675/2357-707x.2012.v3.n4.386.

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El uso de Sistemas de Informaciones Geográficas auxilia a los tomadores de decisión de organismos públicos o empresas en la elaboración, implantación y acompañamiento de proyectos y/o programas gubernamentales por la creación de mapas temáticos. Esos sistemas tienen capacidad de utilizar diversas fuentes de información e agrúpalas para la obtención de un resultado esperado. Para esta finalidad, el georreferenciamiento viene mostrándose extremamente útil. El sistema propuesto es hecho en plataforma libre. El uso de Sistemas de Informaciones Geográficas ayudó en la realización de la investigación sobre los datos de la enfermería del Brasil. La investigación realizada evidenció la disparidad de la distribución de los profesionales de enfermería por el territorio brasileño.Descriptores: Sistemas de Información Geográfica, Business Intelligence, Enfermería, Apoyo a Toma de Decisión.Sistema de informação geográfica aplicada ao estudo de dados dos profissionais de enfermagem do BrasilO uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas ajuda tomadores de decisão de órgãos públicos ou empresas na elaboração, implementação e acompanhamento de projetos e/ou programas governamentais para a criação de mapas temáticos. Esses sistemas têm capacidade de utilizar diversas fontes de informação e agrupá-las para a obtenção de um resultado esperado. Para isso, o georreferenciamento vem se mostrando extremamente útil. O sistema proposto é em plataforma livre. O uso de Sistemas de Informações Geográficas ajudou na realização da pesquisa sobre os dados da enfermagem no Brasil. A pesquisa realizada evidenciou a disparidade da distribuição dos profissionais de enfermagem pelo território brasileiro.Descritores: Sistemas de Informação Geográfica, Business Intelligence, Enfermagem, Apoio e Tomada de Decisão.Geographic Information System applied to the study of data from nursing professionals in BrazilThe use of Geographical Information Systems helps decision-makers of public bodies or companies in the development, implementation and accompaniment of projects and/or government programs for creating thematic maps. These systems have the ability to use various sources of information and integrate them to obtain an expected result. For this purpose, the Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has proven to be extremely useful. The proposed system uses a free platform. The use of GIS helped in the conduction of the research on the Brazilian nursing data. The research showed the disparity in the distribution of nursing professionals throughout the Brazilian territory.Descriptors: Geographic Information System, Business Intelligence, Nursing, Support and Decision-making.
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Meyer, David L., Arnold I. Miller, Steven M. Holland, and Benjamin F. Dattilo. "Crinoid distribution and feeding morphology through a depositional sequence: Kope and Fairview formations, Upper Ordovician, Cincinnati Arch region." Journal of Paleontology 76, no. 4 (July 2002): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000041986.

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Crinoid columnals are major faunal components of interbedded shales and carbonates of the Upper Ordovician Kope to Fairview formations (Edenian-Maysvillian) of the Cincinnati Arch region. Six species can be identified on the basis of distinctive morphological characters of the columnals. Crinoid distribution was plotted from point-counted carbonate samples taken through a 68-m thick composite section of the Kope to Fairview formations in Campbell County, Kentucky. This section spans a shallowing-upward, third-order depositional sequence (C1), part of C2, and the Edenian-Maysvillian Stage boundary. The slender cladid crinoid Merocrinus occurs in the lowermost Kope below the base of this section. The slender disparids Cincinnaticrinus and Ectenocrinus occur throughout the section but are most abundant in the lower 25 m where the shale percentage is 60–90 percent. The larger, more robust disparid Iocrinus appears within the carbonate-rich Grand Avenue member of the Kope at 40–50 m, and the large, plated camerate Glyptocrinus first appears just above the Grand Avenue and becomes the dominant crinoid above the C1–C2 sequence boundary that lies just above the Kope-Fairview contact. The largest and most robust crinoid in this sequence, Anomalocrinus, occurs at the top of the Grand Avenue Member. Siliciclastic ratio and biofacies composition indicate that the occurrence of larger, more robust crinoid taxa is correlated with shallowing depth. Crinoid trophic niche differentiation is also correlated with decreasing depth and the concomitant increase in water movement caused by waves and currents. The deeper water disparids have a nonpinnulate filtration fan with low branch density and wider ambulacral grooves. The shallower water camerate Glyptocrinus has a pinnulate filtration fan with high branch density and narrower ambulacral grooves. These relationships are consistent with the predictions of aerosol filtration theory.
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Rochman, Ricardo R. "A disparada do Ibovespa." GV-executivo 6, no. 6 (October 3, 2007): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12660/gvexec.v6n6.2007.34736.

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Ausich, William I. "Crinoid plate circlet homologies." Journal of Paleontology 70, no. 6 (November 1996): 955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038658.

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A model for crinoid plate circlet homologies is proposed based on a tricyclic (four-circlet) aboral cup, with Aethocrinus the characteristic tricyclic crinoid. The plate circlets in the aboral cup of Aethocrinus, from bottom to top, are lintels (named herein), infrabasals, basals, and radials. In this model, traditional interpretation is maintained for the aboral cup plates of most crinoids. Cladids, flexibles, articulates (primitively), and diplobathrid camerates are dicyclic and are composed of infrabasal, basal, and radial circlets. Monobathrid camerates are monocyclic, and they have basal and radial circlets. Disparid plate circlet homologies are reinterpreted. Among disparids, “basals” are lintels, “inferradials” and “radials” are infrabasals, and “superradials” are radials.The “Law of Wachsmuth and Springer” is judged to be a relationship that has most fidelity applied to lumen angles. This “law” is considered to be only a consequence of development and not an invariable basis by which to determine plate homologies. In the model presented here, plates cannot be shifted around after the juvenile calyx is sutured, and arms may grow on either radials or infrabasals, whichever plates are at the top of the cup when arms begin to grow.
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Brower, James C. "Systematics and paleoecology of Haptocrinus buttsi, a new species of disparid crinoid from the Upper Ordovician Hatter Limestone of central Pennsylvania." Journal of Paleontology 82, no. 3 (May 2008): 576–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/07-098.1.

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Three crinoids are known from the Upper Ordovician Hatter Limestone at Union Furnace in central Pennsylvania, i.e., Haptocrinus buttsi n. sp., an unknown crinoid with a lichenocrinid holdfast, and an indeterminate columnal that probably belongs to a crinoid. Two crowns enable H. buttsi n. sp. to be reconstructed. The animal lived about 70 cm above the seafloor and was attached to a strophomenid brachiopod with a lichenocrinid holdfast. Its endotomous arms formed an efficient filtration net that covered much of the water within its planar filtration fan. The application of filtration theory indicates that H. buttsi n. sp. could begin to feed at a comparatively low ambient current velocity and balance its energy budget. Like many other ramulate disparids, H. buttsi n. sp. mainly collected moderately small food particles. As a member of the Tornatilicrinidae, H. buttsi n. sp. is a relatively primitive disparid. Another crinoid taxon bears a longer and thinner stem and a different type of lichenocrinid holdfast cemented to the same strophomenid shell. A third species, most likely a crinoid, is represented by a single columnal. The fauna lived in a quiet water lagoonal area, which is an unusual habitat for Paleozoic crinoids.
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Mandal, Prabir. "COVID-19 Pandemic, Disparity and Vaccine: An Update." Biotechnology and Bioprocessing 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2766-2314/020.

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Coronaviruses are a diverse group of viruses infecting many different animals, and they can cause mild to severe respiratory infections in humans. In 2002 and 2012, respectively, two highly pathogenic coronaviruses with zoonotic origin, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), emerged in humans and caused fatal respiratory illness, making emerging coronaviruses a new public health concern in the twenty-first century1. In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020 the World Health Organization declared the outbreak as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. As of February 14, 2020, 49,053 laboratory-confirmed and 1,381 deaths have been reported globally.
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Antoni, Antoni. "Upah dan Etos Kerja pada Kasus Usaha Songket Palembang dalam Perspektif Islam dan Melayu." Medina-Te : Jurnal Studi Islam 14, no. 1 (July 16, 2018): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/medinate.v14i1.2352.

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This research entitled "Wages and Working Ethics on Business Cases of Palembang Songket in Islamic and Malay Perspective", (1) the overview of Palembang songket effort during Sriwijaya and the Sultanate of songket craft has not become an economically valuable commodity since independence until now, songket has been oriented to life necessities. (2) the income of songket entrepreneurs is relatively high, and the workers are relatively low. There is a disparity of income between employers and workers, (3) As a solution to overcome income disparities between employers and Palembang songket workers, researchers offer a harmonious wage theory which is a combination of Islamic and Malay wage system, (4) work ethic of Palembang songket workers is diligent, diligent and resilient, not lazy. Penelitian ini berjudul “Upah Dan Etos Kerja Pada Kasus Usaha Songket Palembang Dalam Perspektif Islam Dan Melayu”, (1) gambaran umum usaha songket Palembang pada masa Sriwijaya dan Kesultanan kerajinan songket belum menjadi komoditi bernilai ekonomis, sejak kemerdekaan sampai sekarang, songket telah berorientasi pada kebutuhan hidup. (2) pendapatan para pengusaha songket relatif tinggi, dan para pekerja relatif rendah. Terjadi disparitas pendapatan antara pengusaha dan pekerja, (3) Sebagai solusi mengatasi disparitas pendapatan antara pengusaha dan pekerja songket Palembang, Peneliti menawarkan teori upah harmonis yang merupakan gabungan sistem upah Islam dan Melayu, (4) etos kerja para pekerja songket Palembang adalah rajin, tekun dan ulet, bukan pemalas.
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Zilvia, Rahmi, and Haryadi Haryadi. "Disparitas Pidana Terhadap Pelaku Kasus Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan." PAMPAS: Journal of Criminal Law 1, no. 1 (April 23, 2021): 96–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/pampas.v1i1.8271.

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ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mengenai dasar pertimbangan hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana terhadap pelaku tindak pidana penganiayaan. Penelitian ini bersifat penelitian yuridis empiris. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa telah terjadi disparitas pidana. Disparitas pidana terjadi karena hakim belum mempertimbangkan fakta persidangan tentang akibat dari perbuatan pidana. Pada Kasus pertama tindak pidana mengakibatkan luka ringan dan tanpa senjata tajam. Kasus kedua tindak pidana mengakibatkan luka berat dengan menggunakan senjata tajam. Hakim menjatuhkan pidana penjara lebih berat pada kasus pertama yang seharusnya lebih ringan dari kasus kedua. Seharusnya hakim dalam menjatuhkan pidana hendaknya tidak hanya mempertimbangkan fakta yuridis, tetapi juga dengan cermat mempertimbangkan fakta persidangan dan fakta sosiologis. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyze the basis of judge's considerations in imposing of sanction against Maltreatment perpetrators. This research are empirical. The study concludes that there has been a criminal sanction disparity due to judge's failure to consider the facts of the trial regarding the consequences of criminal acts. In the first case, the crime caused minor injuries, while the second case caused serious injuries. However, the judge sentenced him to with longer time in prison in the first case than that of the second case. It is suggested that judges consider not only judicial facts in judging juridical facts, but also the trial and sociological facts.
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Bonillo Fernández, Claudia. "Personajes legendarios en un mundo globalizado." Neuróptica, no. 1 (March 24, 2020): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_neuroptica/neuroptica.201914325.

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Resumen: El manga Drifters sigue a varios personajes históricos, de cualquier parte del mundo y época, que han sido trasladados a un mundo de fantasía en el momento de su muerte, donde podrán cumplir dos papeles: el de Drifters, encargados de salvar a la humanidad, o el de Ends, encargados de destruirla. La serie, fruto de la imaginación de Hirano Kōta, nos ofrece una visión novedosa de las relaciones interculturales que ocasionan considerables fricciones, pero también puntos de unión inesperados a pesar de la disparidad de mundos de los que los personajes provienen. Abstract: Drifters manga follows several historical characters, from different parts of the world and time, who have been transferred to a fantasy world at the time of their death. There they can fulfil two roles: to become either Drifters, with the responsibility for saving humanity, or Ends, responsible for destroying it. The series, created by the imagination of Hirano Kōta, offers an original vision of intercultural relationships that cause considerable friction, but also unexpected points of union despite the disparity of worlds from which the characters come.
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DOWLEY, DAVID. "Fixation Disparity." Optometry and Vision Science 66, no. 2 (February 1989): 98–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198902000-00007.

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Murphy, Thomas E. "Exploiting disparity." Nature Photonics 5, no. 9 (August 30, 2011): 515–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphoton.2011.202.

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40

Allison, Jeroan J. "Health Disparity." Medical Care Research and Review 64, no. 5_suppl (October 2007): 5S—6S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558707305412.

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41

Kritzman, Mark. "Risk Disparity." Journal of Portfolio Management 40, no. 1 (October 31, 2013): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpm.2013.40.1.040.

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42

Mallinckrodt, A. John. "Equinox Disparity." Physics Teacher 47, no. 6 (September 2009): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.3204104.

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Granados-Ramos, Dora E., Samuel Zamora-Lugo, Patricia Torres-Morales, Héctor J. Cervantes, Carmelita Vela-Baizabal, Norma Castañeda-Villa, and Gabriela Romero-Esquiliano. "Time-frequency analysis of Mismatch Negativity (MMN) in healthy Mexican preschool children." Revista Mexicana de Neurociencia 19, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31190/rmn.2018.19.3.21.34.

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Wang, Qi, and Jie Jiao. "Health disparity and cancer health disparity in China." Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing 3, no. 4 (2016): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2347-5625.195899.

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Galbraith, John Kenneth. "A disparada rumo ao capitalismo." Estudos Avançados 5, no. 13 (December 1991): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-40141991000300007.

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SAKAMOTO, Hiroshi. "Wage Disparity in China: Disparity across Region and Sector." Studies in Regional Science 39, no. 4 (2009): 927–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2457/srs.39.927.

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Zhu, Yu-Dong, and Ning Qian. "Binocular Receptive Field Models, Disparity Tuning, and Characteristic Disparity." Neural Computation 8, no. 8 (November 1996): 1611–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.1996.8.8.1611.

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Abstract:
Disparity tuning of visual cells in the brain depends on the structure of their binocular receptive fields (RFs). Freeman and coworkers have found that binocular RFs of a typical simple cell can be quantitatively described by two Gabor functions with the same gaussian envelope but different phase parameters in the sinusoidal modulations (Freeman and Ohzawa 1990). This phase-parameter-based RF description has recently been questioned by Wagner and Frost (1993) based on their identification of a so-called characteristic disparity (CD) in some cells' disparity tuning curves. They concluded that their data favor the traditional binocular RF model, which assumes an overall positional shift between a cell's left and right RFs. Here we set to resolve this issue by studying the dependence of cells' disparity tuning on their underlying RF structures through mathematical analyses and computer simulations. We model the disparity tuning curves in Wagner and Frost's experiments and demonstrate that the mere existence of approximate CDs in real cells cannot be used to distinguish the phase-parameter-based RF description from the traditional position-shift-based RF description. Specifically, we found that model simple cells with either type of RF description do not have a CD. Model complex cells with the position-shift-based RF description have a precise CD, and those with the phase-parameter-based RF description have an approximate CD. We also suggest methods for correctly distinguishing the two types of RF descriptions. A hybrid of the two RF models may be required to fit the behavior of some real cells, and we show how to determine the relative contributions of the two RF models.
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Park, Jeong-Min, Gwang-Yul Song, and Joon-Woong Lee. "Shape-indifferent stereo disparity based on disparity gradient estimation." Image and Vision Computing 57 (January 2017): 102–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2016.11.001.

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Fang, Fang, and Sheng He. "Stabilized Structure from Motion without Disparity Induces Disparity Adaptation." Current Biology 14, no. 3 (February 2004): 247–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2004.01.031.

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Kim, Eun Kyeong, Hyunhak Cho, Hansoo Lee, Suryo Adhi Wibowo, and Sungshin Kim. "Improvement of Disparity Map using Loopy Belief Propagation based on Color and Edge." Journal of Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems 25, no. 5 (October 25, 2015): 502–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5391/jkiis.2015.25.5.502.

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