Journal articles: 'Dispatched workers'

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Hsieh, Yi Hua, and Yi Lung Yang. "Study on human capital of dispatched workers in high-tech industry – evidence from Taiwan." Corporate Ownership and Control 11, no. 3 (2014): 50–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv11i3p3.

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From perspective of scholars, experts, dispatched work agencies and supervisors of enterprises which need dispatched workers, this study divides dispatched workers into core and non-core dispatched workers and probes into the difference of human capital of these two types of workers from dimensions and indicators. Regarding four dimensions of human capital, this study demonstrates that high-tech industry pays more attention on capability, affection & motive and uniqueness of core dispatched workers. As to indicators of dimensions of human capital, there are still significant differences between core and non-core dispatched workers. This study completely aims to probe into high-tech industry, human capital and dispatched workers. The results and contributions of this study offer academia, enterprises which need dispatched workers, dispatched work agencies, and dispatched workers.

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Dean, Stephen F. "Why the Closest Ambulance Cannot be Dispatched in an Urban Emergency Medical Services System." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005793.

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AbstractIntroduction:Response time performance is related to increased survival for a relatively small group of patients with critical emergencies. Effectively utilizing current resources is a challenge for all emergency medical services (EMS) systems for reasons of cost-effectiveness and safety.Problem:The objective of this study was to identify opportunities for improving ambulance response-time performance in an urban EMS system using fixed deployment.Methods:This was a qualitative and quantitative case study which consisted of structured interviews with policy makers, managers, and workers in a fire department EMS division, as well as analysis of dispatch data and observation of dispatch operations.Results:The current computer-aided dispatch (CAD) system does not identify the closest ambulance to the emergency, and therefore, dispatchers must guess which unit is closer when units are not within their stations or “first due” areas. There is no means to track how often dispatchers guess correctly or how often the closest ambulance actually is dispatched to the emergency.Temporal and geographic patterns were identified. Opportunities also were identified to improve response time performance through the use of dynamic deployment and peak-load staffing.Conclusions:The results suggest that there were opportunities for improving ambulance response times by implementing strategies such as peak-load staffing and dynamic deployment. However, the most important improvement would be the implementation of a policy to send the closest ambulance to the emergency. More research is needed to identify how prevalent the failure to send the closest ambulance is within EMS systems that use fixeddeployment response strategies and computer-aided dispatch systems that are incapable of tracking unit locations outside of their stations.

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Halegua, Aaron, and Xiaohui Ban. "Labour Protections for Overseas Chinese Workers: Legal Framework and Judicial Practice." Chinese Journal of Comparative Law 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2020): 304–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cjcl/cxaa024.

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Abstract The launch of China’s Belt and Road Initiative has brought attention to the dispatch of Chinese workers overseas. These vulnerable migrants are often charged high fees in China only to suffer wage abuses and work injuries abroad, where obtaining relief is often impossible. But what laws or regulations within China protect these workers, and how effective are they? This study takes an initial step towards answering those unexplored questions by analysing over 100 Chinese court decisions. While, for much of the China’s history, overseas workers were primarily seconded abroad by Chinese employers, a clear preference has emerged for sending workers through intermediary agencies that can charge fees and execute ‘service’ contracts. Nonetheless, the courts generally provide some relief to aggrieved workers who are dispatched through formal channels. However, a large number of workers go abroad through informal brokers. When disputes arise in these cases, judicial practice becomes very inconsistent. Ironically, workers sometimes fare better because the courts adopt a ‘strict liability’ approach that punishes the unregistered broker, ordering them to pay all compensation or refund all fees. But some judges punish the worker who entrusted an unregistered broker or worked abroad on a tourist visa. And other courts simply treat the matter as a contract or tort dispute. While aggrieved overseas workers who litigate in court face mixed results, this article also discusses why many workers never make it to the courthouse door. The conclusion offers proposals to enhance protections for overseas workers and discusses why it is important that China do so.

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Fu, Huiyan. "Flexibility or inequality: the political debate on dispatched workers." Critical Discourse Studies 10, no. 3 (August 2013): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2013.789973.

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Sangho Kim. "A Study on the French Legal System's ruling of Dispatched Workers and Subcontractor's Workers." kangwon Law Review 33, no. ll (June 2011): 625–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18215/kwlr.2011.33..625.

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NAKANO, Mami. "Challenges and Perspective of Non-regular Workers -Part-time, temporary, dispatched workers- in Japan." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 18, no. 5 (2013): 5_14–5_21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.18.5_14.

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SUZUKI, Keiko, Tadashi KITAIKE, Yukiko MIYAZAKI, and Masami NOJIRI. "Factors Related to the Mental Health of Workers Dispatched to Foreign Countries." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 45, no. 3 (2003): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.45.105.

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Pribadi, Luh Eni, I. Nyoman Putu Budiartha, and Desak Gde Dwi Arini. "Perlindungan Hukum Pekerja Rumah Tangga dalam Hubungan Kerja Penuh Waktu." Jurnal Interpretasi Hukum 1, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22225/juinhum.1.1.2192.89-94.

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A household assistant is someone who has basic duties and functions such as washing, cooking, cleaning the house, caring for the employer's child and various other tasks assigned by the employer. This study aims to analyze the form of legal protection of domestic workers in full-time employment relationships and find out the role of the Domestic Workers Distribution Agency in Full-time Work Relationships according to the Republic of Indonesia PERMENAKER No. 2 of 2015. The method used in this study is the normative method, sourced from primary and secondary legal materials. The results show that the form of legal protection for domestic workers has been set forth in the regulation of the Minister of Manpower Number 2 of 2015, as an effort to provide protection for domestic workers, to fulfill their rights as workers. Then, the role of the domestic worker supplier agency is as an intermediary to bring workers and employers together, the institution has the obligation to select prospective employers so that domestic workers do not fall into the wrong hands, the institution must also examine workers whether the workers are good and honest people so that no party who is harmed. Through this research, it is hoped that the government, especially in the field of Manpower, will further socialize the Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 2 of 2015 so that there is no violence against domestic workers. In addition, in preventing the occurrence of undesirable things to domestic workers, the channeling institution should pay more attention to the workers who are being dispatched, be more in depth with the background and origin of the prospective employer, supervise domestic workers by asking how the situation is and how the employer treats Domestic workers both by telephone and mail.

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Choi, Hoon. "Do anti-discrimination laws alleviate labour market duality?" International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 8 (May 11, 2020): 1341–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-07-2019-0328.

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PurposeThis paper examines whether and how labour market duality can be alleviated through legislation that prohibits discrimination based on employment type.Design/methodology/approachIn 2007, the Korean government undertook a labour reform banning discriminatory treatment against fixed-term, part-time and dispatched workers. By exploiting a gradual implementation of the anti-discrimination law by firm size targeting a subset of non-regular workers, the paper identifies the treatment effects of the anti-discrimination law, taking a difference-in-difference-in-differences approach.FindingsThe results suggest that the anti-discrimination law significantly increases hourly wages and the probabilities of being covered by national pension, health insurance, and employment insurance for targeted non-regular workers in small firms relative to other workers. Anticipatory behaviours of employers and selective transitions of employees in response to the implementation of the anti-discrimination law do not underlie the estimated effects. The presence of labour unions contributes to reducing gaps in labour conditions between regular workers and targeted non-regular workers.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is to provide empirical evidence on causal impacts of equal pay legislation on the gaps in labour conditions between different categories of workers, using a difference-in-difference-in-differences estimation.

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Østergaard, Simon. "Evaluation of dispatch outcomes and staffing of the Copenhagen mobile health and social care unit – Sociolancen." Dansk Tidsskrift for Akutmedicin 2, no. 3 (April 30, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/akut.v2i3.112988.

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Background: The mobile health and social care unit – Sociolancen (MHSCU) is a specialized unit within the Emergency Medical Services (EMS) of the Capital Region of Denmark. The unit provides acute social care for homeless and social deprived groups and is staffed with a social worker and a paramedic and available through the EMS dispatch during daytime. The MHSCU is dispatched to citizens where the need for acute social care is suspected, falling outside the normal scope of practice for emergency ambulances. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dispatch outcomes of the MHSCU and the constellation of paramedical and social effort. Methods: Data on the total number of MHSCU dispatches and outcomes in 2016 and 2017 was retrieved from the dispatch system operated by EMS Copenhagen. Outcome data was grouped for descriptive statistics. Results: During the data collection period the MHSCU was dispatched 2976 times. The outcome resulted in 384 (12.9%) citizens being brought to a somatic emergency department (ED) and 255 (8.6%) citizens being brought to a psychiatric ED. A total of 355 (11.9%) citizens were left to selfcare and 196 (6.6%) citizens were brought to a shelter. Number of citizens handed over from emergency ambulances was 41 (1.4%), number of citizens handed over to emergency ambulances was 4 (0.1%), number of citizens handed over to police was 13 (0.4%). In 1386 (46.6%) cases MHSCU were doing outreach work, citizen had left scene or MHSCU was cancelled. Number of dispatches labeled ‘unknown’ was 342 (11.5%). Conclusions: The outcome of MHSCU dispatches indicate the need for both paramedical and social staffing when attending the homeless and social deprived citizens, as there is an approximately even distribution between health related and social related referral. Half of dispatches covers outreach work not within the normal scope of practice for emergency ambulances, enabling MHSCU to provide community service and security. Further, based on the low referral to emergency ambulances and police, the dispatch of MHSCU seems well-prioritized. Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Paramedic Martin Betzer for assistance.

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Aochi, Yuri, Kaori Honjo, Takashi Kimura, Satoyo Ikehara, and Hiroyasu Iso. "Association between maternal employment status during pregnancy and risk of depressive symptomatology 1 month after childbirth: the Japan Environment and Children’s Study." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 75, no. 6 (January 19, 2021): 531–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2020-213943.

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Background Previous studies, which examined the association between employment status and postpartum depression, were limited by binary or ternary employment status measures (employed/unemployed or full-time/part-time/unemployed). This study examined the association between detailed employment status during pregnancy and risk of depressive symptomatology 1 month after childbirth, and the effect modification by one’s perceived level of social support and household equivalent income. Methods Our study examined 76 822 participants in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study. The exposure included maternal employment status during pregnancy (regular workers, dispatched workers, part-time workers, self-employed workers, non-employed and others), and the outcome was depressive symptomatology 1 month after childbirth: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS scores ≥9 and ≥13). Adjusted ORs and 95% CIs of depressive symptomatology associated with employment status were calculated by multivariable logistic regression. Subgroup analyses by perceived level of social support and household equivalent income were conducted. Results Compared with regular workers, the risk of depressive symptomatology (EPDS score ≥9) was higher for non-employed and others, and that (EPDS score ≥13) was so for part-time workers. There was no significant interaction by perceived level of social support and household equivalent income in the associations. However, part-time workers and non-employed had excess risk of depressive symptomatology among women with lower perceived level of social support, but not among those with the higher one. Conclusion Compared with regular workers, part-time workers and non-employed had an increased risk of depressive symptomatology, which was confined to women with lower perceived level of social support.

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Song, Dasom, and Seongyoung Sohn. "Labor Experience of Young Female Workers in Dispatched Sales-Promoting Job at Large-Scale Discount Stores." Gender and Culture 9, no. 2 (December 31, 2016): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.20992/gc.2016.12.9.2.85.

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Mouer, Ross. "An Emerging Non-regular Labour Force in Japan: The Dignity of Dispatched Workers by Huiyan Fu." Journal of Japanese Studies 40, no. 1 (2014): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jjs.2014.0032.

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Liu, Lei, Huahua Yin, and Ding Liu. "Zero Health Worker Infection: Experiences From the China Ebola Treatment Unit During the Ebola Epidemic in Liberia." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.103.

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AbstractIn November 2014, a total of 164 health care workers were dispatched by the Chinese government as the first medical assistance team to Liberia. The tasks of this team were to establish a China Ebola treatment unit (ETU), to commence the initial admission and treatment of suspected and confirmed Ebola patients, and to provide public health and infection control training for relevant local personnel. Overall, during the 2-month stay of this first medical assistance team in Liberia, 112 Ebola-suspected patients presented to the ETU, 65 patients were admitted, including 5 confirmed cases, and 3 confirmed cases were cured. Furthermore, 1520 local people were trained, including health care workers, military health care workers, staff members employed by the ETU, and community residents. Most importantly, as the first Chinese medical assistance team deployed to Liberia fighting the Ebola virus on the frontline, not a single member of this team or the hired local staff were infected by Ebola virus. This highly successful outcome was due to the meticulous infection control initiatives developed by the team, thereby making a significant contribution to China’s ETU “zero infection” of health workers in Liberia. The major infection control initiatives conducted in the China ETU that contributed to achieving “zero infection” of all health workers in the ETU are introduced in this report. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:262–266)

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Martin, Julia A., and Lisa K. Bjerknes. "The Legal and Ethical Implications of Gag Clauses in Physician Contracts." American Journal of Law & Medicine 22, no. 4 (1996): 433–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800011916.

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Throughout history, those in power have feared the consequences of unfettered discourse within their society. The empowered have restricted and directly manipulated discourse in the context of doctor-patient discussions with surprising frequency, resulting in disturbing curtailments of individual autonomy. During the Cultural Revolution, the Chinese government dispatched physicians to peasants’ homes to convince them to use contraception. In the 1930s, the Soviet government expedited the completion of the Siberian railroad by ordering physicians to deny workers’ requests for medical leave and to conceal this order from those workers. Recently, Nicolae Ceausescu sought to increase the Romanian birth rate by prohibiting physicians from advising patients about birth control and barring the dissemination of information about condom use to prevent HIV transmission.Restraints on doctor-patient discussions have not been limited to socialist regimes. In 1988, the Bush Administration implemented a federal regulation prohibiting physicians from discussing abortion with patients in federally funded clinics.

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Ahn, Hyeji, and Hyejeong Ahn. "Perilous Return to Homeland: The Experiences among Dispatched Workers for International Development Cooperation during the COVID-19 Outbreak." Journal of International Development Cooperation 15, no. 2 (November 2020): 47–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34225/jidc.2020.15.2.47.

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Jeon, Sohyun, JaeYoon Chang, and HyeJoo Lee. "A study on the predictive validity of conditional reasoning test for aggression." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 30, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 541–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v30i4.541-562.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the channeling model to investigate the interaction effect of implicit measure (Conditional Reasoning Test for Aggression: CRT-A) and self-reported measure of aggression to predict helping behavior. Expatriates who were dispatched to China or India (N=101) participated in this study. To reduce the common method bias, their host country co-workers (N=320) evaluated the expatriates’ helping behavior as a behavioral criterion. The results showed that there was a significance difference in helping behavior among the expatriates who had high CRT-A scores. Specifically, latent aggressive individuals who consciously perceived themselves as being non-aggressive but implicitly rationalized their aggressive behavior were less likely to show helping behavior. The academic implications of the current study, along with suggestions for the future research, were discussed.

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Saghafinia, Masoud, Hassan Araghizade, Nahid Nafissi, and Reza Asadollahi. "Treatment Management in Disaster: A Review of the Bam Earthquake Experience." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 22, no. 6 (December 2007): 517–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00005355.

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AbstractIn the early morning of 26 December 2003, Bam, an old city in southeastern Iran, was devastated by an earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale. Managing such situations always brings about many problems. In the case of the Bam Earthquake, two of the most serious problems were rescue operations and provision of appropriate treatment within a short period of time.By conducting an opinion survey, this study aims to assess different aspects of treatment management, including personnel, the transfer of the injured, equipment, facilities, and treatment planning. Questionnaires containing open questions regarding the management of treatment at five levels were prepared.Those engaged in treatment at different levels, including physicians, treatment workers, military personnel, and executives, were questioned. Several problems were revealed concerning the composition of the treatment forces dispatched, into the region, distribution of the tasks among treatment workers, and the transferring of equipment, and facilities. The most significant problem was a lack of coordination among the organizations responsible for the management of the disaster.A comprehensive disaster plan is required if prompt handling of masscasualty incidents and coordinating the management of such large-scale disasters are to be ensured.

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이영조 and Ok-Nam YI. "The Link That Never Was: West German ‘Commercial’ Loans to Korea and the Wages of the Korean Workers Dispatched to West Germany." Journal of Korean Political and Diplomatic History 34, no. 2 (February 2013): 171–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18206/kapdh.34.2.201302.171.

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Vinstrup, Jonas, Emil Sundstrup, and Lars L. Andersen. "Psychosocial stress and musculoskeletal pain among senior workers from nine occupational groups: Cross-sectional findings from the SeniorWorkingLife study." BMJ Open 11, no. 3 (March 2021): e043520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043520.

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IntroductionMaintaining good health with advancing age is increasingly important as most European countries experience an increase in retirement age. In order to decrease the risk of premature departure from the workforce, identifying groups at increased risk of musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial stress is essential in designing workplace policies. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between occupational groups differing in terms of physical demands and skill requirement, and the outcomes of stress and pain.MethodsThis cross-sectional study reports associations of nine different occupational groups with stress and pain among 11 474 senior workers; stratified by occupational group and based on the International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO). A large-scale questionnaire survey was dispatched to Danish workers; drawn as a probability sample and merged with national registers. Representative estimates were produced using logistic regression controlling for various confounders, combined with model-assisted weights.ResultsThe prevalence of daily pain and high stress among occupational groups ranged between 20.0%–50.5% and 3.9%–10.0%, respectively. Compared with occupations characterised by being mostly sedentary (ISCO group 1–4), those with primarily physical demanding work (ISCO group 5–9) had higher odds of daily pain (OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.37 to 1.70) and a tendency towards higher stress scores (OR 1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.46). Lastly, female workers experience increased odds of daily pain (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.35 to 1.66) and high stress (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.89) compared with male workers.ConclusionsOccupational settings characterised by mainly physical work and low skill requirements are more likely to experience daily pain compared with those entailing mainly sedentary work. Likewise, in this sample of senior workers, women are more likely to experience pain and stress. These results highlights the need for improving occupation-specific and sex-specific guidelines in the prevention of musculoskeletal pain and psychological stress in workplaces.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials identifier: NCT03634410

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Okamoto, Yoshihiro. "Japanese Social Exclusion and Inclusion from a Housing Perspective." Social Inclusion 4, no. 4 (October 20, 2016): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v4i4.628.

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This paper examines conditions of social exclusion and attempts at social inclusion in Japan from a housing perspective. Companies, households and the government have previously supported housing in Japan. However, corporate welfare was withdrawn following the globalization of the economy from the 1990s onwards, support from families and communities declined due to a reduction in household size, and governmental housing support has shifted away from direct support. A reduction in income and unstable work left many people with unstable housing. Certain workers, such as foreigners performing dispatched labour, could not maintain continuous work under the influence of the Lehman Brothers’ bankruptcy in 2008. Household size has shrunk according to changes in the industrial structure, and the number of households that cannot sustain housing is increasing. Such vulnerable households—elderly people, the handicapped, low-income earners and single parents—can become excluded from the rental housing market. On the other hand, governmental measures are promoting local dwellings and maintaining the condition for a dwelling service. Activities, such as local community support of the homeless have been initiated by various Non-profit Organisations (NPOs) and NPO activities are increasingly exemplifying measures to achieve social inclusion.

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Hwang, Jin, and Hyeoknam Kwon. "A Study on Structural Relationship Between Organizational Justice, Organizational & Supervisory Commitment and Turnover Intention Perceived by Dispatched Workers: The Moderating Effect of Tenure." Journal of Humanities and Social sciences 21 11, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 1795–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.22143/hss21.11.3.127.

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van Bruinessen, Martin. "The Netherlands and the Gülen movement." Sociology of Islam 1, no. 3-4 (April 30, 2014): 165–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00104004.

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The Gülen movement has been active among immigrant workers from Turkey in the Netherlands since the 1980s. Its first institutions—educational centers, boarding houses, schools, business associations—were established when a (partly) Dutch-educated second generation came to adulthood in the mid-1990s. Ağabeyler (“older brothers”) dispatched from Turkey remained in the background, while students and graduates of Dutch universities and colleges built up support networks in Dutch civil society and municipal administrations, finding official endorsement as well as subsidies for some of their initiatives. They encountered increasing opposition from a coalition of Kemalist and former leftist Turks and anti-Muslim Dutch politicians and journalists, reflecting changing attitudes towards Islam in Dutch popular discourse as well as power struggles in Turkey. Activities that had previously been praised and supported by Dutch counterparts, such as homework assistance centers, dormitories, and (secular) schools came under suspicion when public opinion was alerted that these were the initiatives of a non-transparent Muslim piety movement. In response to negative publicity that accused these schools of brainwashing and Islamic indoctrination, and to prove that it made positive contributions to social integration, the movement closed its dormitories for secondary school students. This was followed by intensified efforts to show success in secular ventures. The result turned the Gülen movement into arguably the most successfully integrated immigrant-based organization in the country.

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Kang, Chung, Hyunjoo Kim, Kyongsok Shin, Jia Ryu, Kyunghee Jung-Choi, Key Lim, and Jin-Ha Kim. "Toxic Effects of Methanol among Illegally Dispatched Workers at Aluminum CNC Cutting Process in Small-Scale, Third-Tier Subcontractor Factories of Smartphone Manufacturers in the Republic of Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 1332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15071332.

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Möhler, Andreas. "Lessons from the Brussels Terrorist Attack." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (May 2019): s91—s92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19001900.

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Introduction:On March 22, 2016, the capital of Europe was hit by two terrorist attacks. As terrorism becomes more and more violent, it is critical to learn and share experiences in order to enhance effectiveness in saving lives.Methods:A field perspective and experience feedback from the Emergency Medical Response.Results:The first attack hit the departure hall of the airport, which, due to its strategic role, relies upon a dedicated emergency plan. However, it focuses on airplane crashes and not on explosions in a crowded terminal. The second attack hit the subway at rush hour. An attack in such a confined environment is particularly challenging for the rescue teams, as injuries are worsened, access hindered, and exits numerous.Eleven medical teams were sent in order to perform triage and provide vital care. The medical response was organized by two disaster response teams. Advanced Medical Posts were set up and the mass casualty plans of all hospitals were activated. Managing war injuries for civilian teams was challenging. On-site care consisted essentially in prehospital damage control and burn care in order to ensure rapid evacuations for haemostatic surgery. 313 victims were dispatched to thirty hospitals. Another challenge was safety. Several threats were apparent and explosives were found on both sites. Lessons from Paris had prompted a review of our multiple sites Emergency Plan. One single way of communication was used and the evacuations were managed centrally. Finally, the key factor that helped limit the number of casualties was the acquaintanceship between emergency workers and non-medical teams built during exercises, allowing them to adapt and blend in as one team.Discussion:Lessons from previous attacks were crucial to improve our management of the medical response. These should be shared around, as another attack may always occur anywhere and at any time.

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Motamedi, Mohammad Hosein Kalantar, Masoud Saghafinia, Azadeh Hassani Bafarani, and Farzad Panahi. "A Reassessment and Review of the Bam Earthquake Five Years Onward: What Was Done Wrong?" Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 24, no. 5 (October 2009): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00007317.

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AbstractIntroduction:An earthquake measuring 6.6 on the Richter scale on 23 December 2003 devastated the city of Bam in southeastern Iran. During the response and recovery phases, considerable shortcomings were discovered. The dire situation in the affected area, a variety of urgently required interventions, and the large number of aid organizations involved brought about difficulties in management, coordination, and communication among authorities and aid organizations. This article highlights flaws in management in the var-ious aspects of this disaster in order to assess what was done, and what should be done to overcome these shortcomings in future disasters.Methods:A retrospective review of the various aspects of management related to the Bam disaster was done via the assessment of files, multi-center studies, governmental data, and available literature from 2003–2008.Results:A review of the available data relevant to search and rescue (S&R) operations and short-term aid provision revealed flaws in different aspects of disaster management including personnel, the transfer of the injured, availability medical supplies, treatment planning, problems concerning the composition of treatment forces dispatched to the region, distribution of tasks among treatment workers, transferring of equipment, availability of facilities, and lack of coordination among the organizations responsible for the management of the disaster. Most of the aforementioned issues have been addressed.Conclusions:A comprehensive disaster management plan must not be limited only to the response phase, but rather must include: preparedness, recovery with optimal legislation and budgeting, improvement of healthcare facilities, and organized communication channels between the different governmental departments. This important issue has been addressed, and a disaster management organization under the supervision of the President has been established, developing a national S&R strategy and protocol for unified managerial organization, an alert system, an international disaster command system (under which S&R and emergency medical service teams can be deployed, increasing the efficacy and coordination of the arrival of foreign teams and the con-struction field hospitals), and developing a flowchart to coordinate international agencies and the domestic authorities in charge. Continuous education, training of the general population, conducting periodic exercise drills, and provision for prepared task force mobilization in disaster management all are important aspects of the management of disasters due to natural hazards.

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Park, Ji-Soon. "Secondment and Worker Dispatch." Labor Law Forum 31 (November 30, 2020): 253–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46329/llf.2020.11.31.253.

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Huang, Philip C. C. "Dispatch Work in China: A Study from Case Records, Part I." Modern China 43, no. 3 (March 26, 2017): 247–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700417693590.

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This article employs all basic-level court cases adjudged in 2012 involving “labor disputes” over “dispatch work” 劳务派遣 (in the Supreme People’s Court’s large database of court judgments) to clarify the practical and theoretical implications of the new legal category of “dispatch work relationships” 劳务关系, as opposed to the old-style “labor relationships” 劳动关系. The article examines also disputes between the new dispatch agencies and the workers they contract with to clarify how that dispatch-agency-to-workers-relationship is different both from the new “dispatch work relationship” and the old “labor relationship” between enterprises and their workers. These comparisons of the three different kinds of work relationships bring to light a black hole in labor law theory and practice, related to its construction of a severing of contracting from management and of the laborer’s “person” from the laborer’s “work.” The article concludes by placing dispatch work into the context of the globalized social and legal history of labor.

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Mori, K. "3. Status of health care programs for dispatched workers at client companies(Diversified Arrangements of Employment and Occupational Health,Symposium 5,Occupational Health in the Age of Decentralization Reform in Japan,The 79th Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Occupational Health)." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 48, Special (2006): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.kj00004429372.

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Chen, W. D. "Upward wage rigidity and Japan's dispatched worker system." Economic Modelling 73 (June 2018): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2018.03.010.

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Bissell, Richard A., and Jean Conover. "International Emergency Health Care Systems Survey." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 6, no. 2 (June 1991): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00028272.

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AbstractMedical emergencies occur in every country regardless of its level of socio-economic development. Little comparative data are available which define the characteristics of the system by which some emergencies are managed. Without such comparisons, it is difficult for countries to establish appropriate priorities within their geographic, cultural, and economic constraints. In an effort to gather some of these needed data, a survey was distributed to the participants in an International Conference on Emergency Health Care (EHC) Development convened in Washington, D. C, in August 1989. Each country participating was classified as Industrialized (INDUS), Developing (DC), or Least Developed (LDC) in accordance with World Health Organization definitions. Responses are expressed as proportion of total participants.There were 450 participants from 74 countries. Only 17% of the surveys were returned. The sample included 78 participants from 40 (57%) countries. (INDUS: 30%; DC: 48%; LDC: 22%). All showed considerable dependence on ambulance services, but DC and LDC indicated substantial reliance on friends, neighbors, community health workers, and physician's offices. Prehospital EHC services were available to 93% of INDUS, 63% of DC, and possibly one-third of the LDC. Emergency Health Care is taken to the patients in the same proportions as noted above. The types of manpower dispatched varied widely with a great proportion of the respondents from DC and LDC indicating that care was delivered by non-professionally trained individuals. Interestingly, INDUS had the greatest proportion of volunteers. Response and transport times were shorter for INDUS than for DC. When no prehospital EHC services were available, patients reached the receiving facilities by alternate means such as walking (33%), private automobile (48%), or public transportation (33%). Central emergency access was available for 80%. Considerable variation exists as to the mechanisms by which such services are financed: poorer countries depend more on government support than do INDUS who rely heavily on donations and fee-for-service. Lastly, regardless of level of economic development, cardiovascular disease, trauma, and medical illness comprise the most important reasons for accessing the EHC systems.This preliminary study points to the need for individualizing EHC systems in concert with the priorities of the country for which they are designed. Direct application of operational systems across countries does not seem an appropriate mechanism for the development of EHC. However, the delivery of EHC must be made an important element of overall health care in all the countries of the world.

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Jacques, Danielle. "Dispatch from an Essential Worker." Gastronomica 20, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 82–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2020.20.3.82.

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Schultz, Matthew. "Class War, USA: Dispatches from Workers’ Struggles in American History." Socialism and Democracy 33, no. 1 (January 2, 2019): 201–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854300.2019.1658844.

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Xiaojun, Feng. "Regulating labour dispatch in China: A cat-and-mouse game." China Information 33, no. 1 (August 26, 2018): 88–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0920203x18791398.

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This article suggests cautious optimism toward the prevailing Polanyian countermovement discourse by providing a timely and comprehensive examination of the enforcement of the labour dispatch regulation in China. Since the enactment of the regulation, some enterprises have narrowed the remuneration gap between agency workers and formal employees, while others have retained a large gap in overtime pay, bonuses, and welfare benefits between these two groups of workers. The regulation has reduced the number of agency workers, but has invoked the abuse of the more precarious ‘outsourced’ workers as well. The regulation has had little effect on limiting the use of agency labour to temporary, auxiliary, or substitute positions, raising the requirements of engaging in the labour dispatch business, or stabilizing the employment of agency workers. This article contributes to the extant literature on regulatory enforcement by examining the effects of non-standard employment regulation, highlighting the variance of labour law compliance among enterprises with different types of ownership, and demonstrating how China’s ongoing transformation from a planned to a market economy since the 1980s and from high growth to a new normal since 2010 has fundamentally constrained the full implementation of its labour protection regulation.

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OH SE WOONG. "Study on user-employer’s obligation of direct employment for dispatched worker." kangwon Law Review 48, no. ll (June 2016): 389–422. http://dx.doi.org/10.18215/kwlr.2016.48..389.

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Tsurugano, Shinobu, Mariko Inoue, Naoki Nakatsubo, Hiroshi Oi, and Eiji Yano. "Health Status of Precarious Workers in "Toshikoshi Haken Mura (Dispatch Workers' New Year Village)"." SANGYO EISEIGAKU ZASSHI 51, no. 2 (2009): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/sangyoeisei.c9002.

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Huang, Philip C. C. "The Practice and Theory of China’s Informal Economy." Rural China 16, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22136746-01601001.

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This article is based on the introduction-summary of the author’s new book awaiting publication. It deals mainly with the realities of China’s “informal economy” (understood as laboring people with little or no legal protection), to be distinguished from misleading and obfuscating “mainstream” theory’s construction and discourse about them. The working people of the “informal economy” today come mainly from the “half cultivator half worker” peasant families, and with them, make up a distinctive social formation that is very different from the expectations of both neoclassical economics and Marxist political economy. It cannot be understood in terms of the conventional categories of “mainstream” theory and needs new conceptualization and theory to grasp. The “informal economy’s” latest manifestation is the rapid spread of “dispatch workers,” who need also to be understood in terms of new theoretical concepts.

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Sjöström, Johan, Frida Vermina Plathner, and Anders Granström. "Wildfire ignition from forestry machines in boreal Sweden." International Journal of Wildland Fire 28, no. 9 (2019): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf18229.

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Several large Swedish wildfires during recent decades were caused by forestry machinery in operation, fires for which there is still no characterisation. We combined 18 years of data on dispatches, weather and fire danger and interviewed forestry workers to understand the spatial, temporal and weather distributions of these fires, and their underlying mechanisms. We estimate the average annual number of ignitions from forestry machinery in Sweden at 330–480 (2.0±0.4 ignitions per 1000ha clear-felling) of which 34.5 led to firefighter dispatches, constituting 2.2% of all forest fire dispatches and 40% of area burnt. Soil scarification causes the most ignitions and the main mechanism is likely high-inertia contact between discs and large stones, causing sparks igniting dry humus or moss, countering reports suggesting that such metal fragments cannot fulfil ignition requirements. We found a spatial relationship between forestry machine ignitions and abundance of large stones, represented by a Boulder Index generated from a nationwide dataset. Further, 75% of the dispatches occurred on days with relative humidity <45%, Duff Moisture Code (Canadian system) >26 and Fire Weather Index >12. 75% of the area burned when Fire Weather Index was >20. Results suggest machine-caused forest fires can be largely avoided by cancelling operations in stony terrain during high-risk weather.

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Roth, Emilie M., and Jordan Multer. "Fostering Shared Situation Awareness and on-Track Safety Across Distributed Teams in Railroad Operations." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 3 (September 2005): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504900367.

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Cooperative strategies of individuals within a distributed organizational structure can contribute to increased efficiency of operations and safety. We describe selected results of a cognitive task analysis that examined the cognitive and collaborative demands and activities of railroad roadway workers. The findings highlight the informal cooperative strategies that railroad workers have developed across distributed teams consisting of roadway workers, train crews, and railroad dispatchers that foster shared situation awareness and enhance on-track safety. We discuss design implications for leveraging new digital technologies and location finding systems to more effectively support these informal strategies to improve efficiency and enhance on-track safety are discussed.

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Shrestha, Kishor, Pramen P. Shrestha, Dinesh Bajracharya, and Evangelos A. Yfantis. "Hard-Hat Detection for Construction Safety Visualization." Journal of Construction Engineering 2015 (February 1, 2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/721380.

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In 2012, 775 fatalities were recorded, and many more were injured at construction sites in the United States. Of these, 415 fatalities (54%) were due to fall, slips, and trips as well as being struck by falling objects. In order to decrease fatalities at construction sites to these types of events, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) provides Fall Prevention and OSHA-10 trainings to construction workers. Moreover, safety personnel monitor whether the workers use personal protective equipment (PPE) properly. Data shows that construction fatalities have decreased by 2% annually since 1994; however, the owners still are not satisfied with this result. Various studies have shown that fall is the biggest contributor for construction fatalities. One study showed that half of the fall fatalities were because the workers either had not used PPEs or had not used them properly. In addition, studies showed that, with proper use of hard hats, the fatalities due to fall, slips, trips, and being struck by falling objects could be reduced. This study developed and tested a hard-hat detection tool that uses image-processing techniques to identify whether workers are wearing hard hats. The tool dispatches warning messages if the workers do not use hard hats.

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Kim, Chunho. "Analysis of cause about illegal dispatch of migrant worker." Center for Public Interest & Human Rights Law Chonnam National University 25 (August 31, 2020): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.38135/hrlr.2020.25.81.

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Lee, Sang-hee, and Yanggyu Byun. "Legal and Economic Understanding of the Classification between In-house Subcontract and Dispatched Worker." Kyung Hee Law Journal 51, no. 4 (December 30, 2016): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15539/khlj.51.4.1.

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Roth, Emilie M., Jordan Multer, and Thomas Raslear. "Shared Situation Awareness as a Contributor to High Reliability Performance in Railroad Operations." Organization Studies 27, no. 7 (July 2006): 967–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0170840606065705.

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Cooperative strategies of individuals within a distributed organization can contribute to increased efficiency of operations and safety. We examine these processes in the context of a particular work domain: railroad operations. Analyses revealed a variety of informal cooperative strategies that railroad workers have developed that span across multiple railroad crafts including roadway workers, train crews, and railroad dispatchers. These informal, proactive communications foster shared situation awareness across the distributed organization, facilitate work, and contribute to the overall efficiency, safety, and resilience to error of railroad operations. We discuss design implications for leveraging new digital technologies and location-finding systems to more effectively support these informal strategies, enhance shared situation awareness, and promote high reliability performance.

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Mikkelsen, Søren, Hans Morten Lossius, Palle Toft, Annmarie Touborg Lassen, and Anne Craveiro Brøchner. "Criterion based dispatch carried out by health care workers. Implications on triage." Resuscitation 96 (November 2015): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.09.294.

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Brown, Ronald, and Olga Rymkevich. "U.S.-Russia-East Asia Comparisons of Dispatch (Temporary) Worker Regulations." Russian Law Journal 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 6–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2017-5-1-6-32.

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Carleton, R. Nicholas, Tracie O. Afifi, Sarah Turner, Tamara Taillieu, Sophie Duranceau, Daniel M. LeBouthillier, Jitender Sareen, et al. "Mental Disorder Symptoms among Public Safety Personnel in Canada." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 63, no. 1 (August 28, 2017): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743717723825.

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Background: Canadian public safety personnel (PSP; e.g., correctional workers, dispatchers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers) are exposed to potentially traumatic events as a function of their work. Such exposures contribute to the risk of developing clinically significant symptoms related to mental disorders. The current study was designed to provide estimates of mental disorder symptom frequencies and severities for Canadian PSP. Methods: An online survey was made available in English or French from September 2016 to January 2017. The survey assessed current symptoms, and participation was solicited from national PSP agencies and advocacy groups. Estimates were derived using well-validated screening measures. Results: There were 5813 participants (32.5% women) who were grouped into 6 categories (i.e., call center operators/dispatchers, correctional workers, firefighters, municipal/provincial police, paramedics, Royal Canadian Mounted Police). Substantial proportions of participants reported current symptoms consistent with 1 (i.e., 15.1%) or more (i.e., 26.7%) mental disorders based on the screening measures. There were significant differences across PSP categories with respect to proportions screening positive based on each measure. Interpretation: The estimated proportion of PSP reporting current symptom clusters consistent with 1 or more mental disorders appears higher than previously published estimates for the general population; however, direct comparisons are impossible because of methodological differences. The available data suggest that Canadian PSP experience substantial and heterogeneous difficulties with mental health and underscore the need for a rigorous epidemiologic study and category-specific solutions.

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Davis, Catherine. "REVIEW: Delving into the complexity of NZ documentary." Pacific Journalism Review 18, no. 1 (May 31, 2012): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v18i1.299.

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Review of: Observations: Studies in New Zealand documentary, by Russell Campbell. Wellington: Victoria University Press, 2011, 260 pp. ISBN 978-0864736567Russell CampbellL, author of Observations: Studies in New Zealand Documentary has been described as a ‘partisan reporter’, the book as a ‘series of dispatches from the front’. Aligning the author on a series of borders between intellectual and practical, the book has been divided into three appropriate sections; Workers and Stirrers, State of the Nation and Kiwi Culture that support the author’s commitment to the latter. Woven in, topics such as industrial unrest, feminist movements and Māori resurgence capture a sense of the contested versions of New Zealand depicted in these documentaries.

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Tao, Hua Ting, and Li Li Ji. "Research on the Supplementary Analysis System Based on CPS Standard." Advanced Materials Research 503-504 (April 2012): 1605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.503-504.1605.

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CPS test standard has put forward new demands to the management of power grids. This paper analyzes the main influence factors of CPS, and introduces the way of building data warehouse and constructing supplementary analysis system on this basis, which can effectively help power grid workers to research the pros and cons in dispatch and operation. The application of the supplementary analysis system is helpful for Shanghai power grid to enhance AGC control and frequency control ability under the control performance standard.

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Xin, Bo, Yuan Li, Jianfeng Yu, and Jie Zhang. "An adaptive BPSO algorithm for multi-skilled workers assignment problem in aircraft assembly lines." Assembly Automation 35, no. 4 (September 7, 2015): 317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aa-06-2015-051.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the multi-skilled workers assignment problem in complex assembly systems such as aircraft assembly lines. An adaptive binary particle swarm optimization (A-BPSO) algorithm is proposed, which is used to balance the workload of both assembly stations and processes and to minimize the human cost. Design/methodology/approach – Firstly, a cycle time model considering the cooperation of multi-skilled workers is constructed. This model provides a quantitative description of the relationship between the cycle time and multi-skilled workers by means of revising the standard learning curve with the “Partition-And-Accumulate” method. Then, to improve the accuracy and stability of the current heuristic algorithms, an A-BPSO algorithm that suits for the discrete optimization problems is proposed to assign multi-skilled workers to assembly stations and processes based on modified sigmoid limiting function. Findings – The proposed method has been successfully applied to a practical case, and the result justifies its advantage as well as adaptability to both theory and engineering application. Originality/value – A novel cycle time model considering cooperation of multi-skilled workers is constructed so that the calculation results of cycle time are more accurate and closer to reality. An A-BPSO algorithm is proposed to improve the stability and convergence in dealing with the problems with higher dimensional search space. This research can be used by the project managers and dispatchers on assembly field.

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Pawlaczyk-Łuszczyńska, Małgorzata. "Occupational Exposure to Infrasonic Noise in Poland." Journal of Low Frequency Noise, Vibration and Active Control 17, no. 2 (June 1998): 71–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026309239801700202.

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This paper presents the results of infrasonic noise measurements performed at various workplaces in industry and transportation in Poland. The study concerned noise emitted by 124 different types of machinery, appliances and means of transport. The measurements were made under typical conditions of work and with reference to the Polish Standard PN-86/N–01338 and international standards ISO 7196 and ISO 9612. According to PN–86/N–01338, within 1/1 octave bands 8 – 31.5 Hz, acoustic pressures exceeding the admissible levels for (a) workers' health protection were found in 5 (4.0%) cases, (b) proper conditions for performing basic functions in observational dispatcher cabins etc. – in 77 (62.1%) cases; (c) premises for administration, design offices etc. – in 92 (74.2%) cases. The hearing threshold was exceeded by 66.9% of all the machinery under study.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dispatched workers'

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