Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dispersed oil

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Dispersed oil'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Dispersed oil"

1

TORRICE, MICHAEL. "DISPERSED OIL RAISES CONCERNS." Chemical & Engineering News 88, no. 21 (May 24, 2010): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n021.p008.

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Ambrose, Philippa. "Oil slick swiftly dispersed." Marine Pollution Bulletin 21, no. 6 (June 1990): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(90)90569-t.

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Deeva, V. S., S. М. Slobodyan, and V. S. Teterin. "Optimization of Oil Particles Separation Disperser Parameters." Materials Science Forum 870 (September 2016): 677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.870.677.

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Retaining structure of homogeneous fluid and granular stream is one of the main criteria for technological process assuring the high quality outcome in many industries, including mechanical engineering and oil & gas industry. For example, in oil and gas industry during the pipeline transportation of oils there is a strong trend for cluster aggregation, and particle coarsening and entanglement. Dehomogenization of particle stream results in reverse dynamics of the stream. The importance of prevention and minimization of small particles coalescence by separating the oil stream leads to the need of improving the properties of the dispersers to boost their efficiency. Our paper investigates the operating principle of the disperser for separating particles (separator), which is designed by the authors. We have considered a particle stream of dispersed structure. We have obtained the conformity with the stability of the disperser operation. To yield the results we use the extremum problems for differential equations. This approach provides strong evidence that there are optimum parameters of the dispersers, which result in better stability of the particle stream.
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Butler, James N. "USING OIL SPILL DISPERSANTS ON THE SEA." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-343.

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ABSTRACT Primary consideration in this critical review was given to treating oil spills at sea with the intent of reducing the environmental impact of that oil if it should reach the shore. The general conclusions reached were:In carefully planned and monitored laboratory and sea tests, oil has been effectively dispersed; but at many field tests and at accidental spills, reported effectiveness has been low—perhaps because of poor targeting and distribution of aerial sprays, because the oils were too viscous to be dispersable, or the observations of effectiveness were inconclusive.The acute lethal toxicities of dispersant formulations currently in use are usually lower than those of the more volatile and soluble fractions of crude oils and their refined products; hence the toxicity of dispersed oil is due primarily to the oil and not to the dispersant.Sublethal effects of dispersed oil observed in the laboratory occur in most cases at concentrations comparable to or higher than those expected in the water column during treatment of an oil slick at sea (1 to 10 ppm) but seldom at concentrations less than are found several hours after treatment (less than 1 ppm). Since the times of exposure in the laboratory are much longer than predicted exposures during slick dispersal at sea (one to three hours), the effects would be correspondingly less.In open waters, organisms on the surface will be less affected by dispersed oil than by an oil slick, but organisms in the upper water column will experience greater exposure to oil components if the oil is dispersed. In shallow habitats with poor water circulation, benthic organisms will be more immediately affected by dispersed than untreated oil. Long-term effects of dispersed oil on some habitats, such as mangroves, are less, and the habitat recovers faster if the oil is dispersed before it reaches that area.Because the principal benefit of dispersant use is to prevent oil stranding on sensitive shorelines, and because dispersability of oil decreases rapidly with weathering, prompt response is essential.
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Anderson, Jack W., Steven L. Kiesser, Dennis L. McQuerry, and Gilbert W. Fellingham. "EFFECTS OF OIL AND CHEMICALLY DISPERSED OIL IN SEDIMENTS ON CLAMS1." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 349–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-349.

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ABSTRACT Several field experiments with natural sediments in the intertidal zone were conducted over a two-year period to compare the effects of Prudhoe Bay crude oil and this same oil dispersed with Corexit® 9527 (1 part Corexit to 10 parts oil). The clams used were Protothaca staminea and Macoma inquinata. Exposure periods ranged from one to six months. In a one-month exposure to about 2,000 parts per million (ppm) total oil in sediments, survival of P. staminea was two to three times greater than that of M. inquinata, and both species exhibited lower tolerance to oil alone in sediment than dispersed oil at the same concentration. However, uptake of naphthalenes and phenanthrenes by M. inquinata was greater from sediments mixed with dispersed oil than oil alone. Dispersed oil in this 30-day exposure also produced a decrease (compared to field controls) in the concentration of some of the free amino acids in the tissues of M. inquinata. Four- and six-month field exposures of small P. staminea to sediment containing oil or dispersed oil (about 2,000 ppm) reduced growth in both oil treatments (four-month exposure) or in just the chemically dispersed oil treatment (six-month exposure). In the latter experiment initial petroleum concentrations in the surface sediments (top 3 centimeters) were higher (about 3,000 ppm) for the dispersed oil than for oil alone. Surface layers in both conditions were free of contamination (down to 6 cm) after six months.
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Railsback, Steven F., Gordon A. Robilliard, and Jack R. Mortenson. "STRATEGY FOR MONITORING THE SHORT-TERM DISTRIBUTION OF DISPERSED OILS." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (April 1, 1987): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-321.

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ABSTRACT An experimental program for monitoring the short-term distribution and concentration of chemically dispersed oil slicks has been developed for Clean Bay, the San Francisco area oil spill cleanup cooperative. The methods used in the program are experimental and still under development. The objectives of the program are to (1) document the surface area and volume of water affected by dispersed oil, (2) estimate the effectiveness of the dispersant, (3) determine the peak oil-dispersant concentration, and (4) determine the range of oil-dispersant concentrations in the affected water. Additional objectives that may be attained if field conditions are acceptable are to (5) estimate the rate at which oil disperses downward, and (6) estimate what fraction of the light-molecular-weight hydrocarbons are evaporated after application of the dispersant. The program includes oil concentration measurements made with a field fluorometer and by laboratory analysis. The program is flexibly designed so that it can be adapted to a variety of field conditions.
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Gulec, Ismail, Brian Leonard, and Douglas A. Holdway. "Oil and dispersed oil toxicity to amphipods and snails." Spill Science & Technology Bulletin 4, no. 1 (January 1997): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1353-2561(97)00003-0.

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Crescenzi, Francesco, Marcello Camilli, Eugenio Fascetti, Filippo Porcelli, Giulio Prosperi, and Pasquale Sacceddu. "Microbial Degradation of Biosurfactant Dispersed Oil." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1999, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 1039–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1999-1-1039.

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ABSTRACT Biological degradation of a light crude dispersed in sea water by a surfactant produced by an hydrocarbon degrading microorganism has been monitored in laboratory tests. Oligotrophic natural sea water was used with no additions. Results showed that the oil dispersed by the biosurfactant was more easily degraded than chemically dispersed oil. In adhesion tests it has been found that the number of microbial cells adhering to a water/hexadecane interface increases in presence of the biosurfactant. It is suggested that the biodegradation enhancement may be linked to a promoting action carried by the biosurfactant on the adhesion of degrading microorganisms onto the surface of the oil.
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Srinivas, V., Dedeepya Valluripally, P. V. Manikanta, and V. Satish. "Anti Friction Properties of Motor Oil Dispersed with WS2 and MoS2 Nanoparticles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1272–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1272.

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This works presents a study on anti friction properties, of fully formulated SAE 20W 40 grade motor oil dispersed with surface modified WS2and MoS2nanoparticles. WS2and MoS2particles of 0.05 wt. % and 0.1 wt. % have been dispersed in SAE 20W 40 motor oil by Sonication and tested for tribological behavior on pin on disc apparatus as per ASTM G99 standards. The friction coefficient values for base oil and oil dispersed with WS2and MoS2nanoparticles have been evaluated and compared to obtain the performance analysis. Performance graphs have plotted for the base oil and oil dispersed with nanoparticles for comparison. The oils with dispersed nanoparticles have shown enhanced performance in comparison to the base oils in terms of anti friction properties.
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Le Floch, Stéphane, Mathieu Dussauze, François-Xavier Merlin, Guy Claireaux, Michael Theron, Philippe Le Maire, and Annabelle Nicolas-Kopec. "DISCOBIOL: Assessment of the Impact of Dispersant Use for Oil Spill Response in Coastal or Estuarine Areas." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 2014, no. 1 (May 1, 2014): 491–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-2014.1.491.

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ABSTRACT Dispersants are known to be an appropriate solution for offshore spill response when sea conditions provide enough energy to disperse and then dilute oil into surface waters. In shallow coastal areas, the use of dispersant is restricted due to the potential that the dispersed oil might come into contact with sensitive resources before dilution can take place. However, after assessing the advantages and potential risks of dispersing oil in coastal areas, it may emerge after careful consideration that and in some cases the use of dispersants could provide a net environmental benefit. The DISCOBIOL research program aimed to provide practical recommendations on dispersant use in coastal and estuarine areas by acquiring relevant (in terms of likely dispersed oil concentrations) and robust experimental information on the impact of mechanically and chemically dispersed oil on living resources. The main conclusion from these experiments was that there is no significant difference between the impacts from oil with and without dispersant use in terms of acute toxicity. However there are some observable sub-lethal effects from exposure to dispersed oil which do not persist more than a few weeks. In a natural environment, on a medium or long timescale, biota which have been exposed to oil (with and without dispersant) do exhibit some symptoms which could affect their survival rate in the field even though they do not lead to acute toxicity effects. However the DISCOBIOL project demonstrated that effects of dispersed oil were less severe than previously recorded for near shore environments. In terms of applying these results to decision making at an oil spill, it highlights the need in coastal areas prior to the use of dispersant to complete a “Net Environmental Benefit Analysis” (NEBA) to determine whether the use of dispersant is expected to minimize the overall damage resulting from the pollution. As it is difficult to cover the number of possible spill scenarios at the contingency planning stage, instead of completing a NEBA, many countries define geographical limits where dispersion can be undertaken, based on the water depth and the distance to the shore as well as the presence of sensitive resources. The DISCOBIOL study confirmed the appropriateness of these pre-defined limits for France's coastal waters but demonstrated that they could be less restrictive since the exposure to dispersed oil could be at least five times higher than was previously considered the safe limit.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dispersed oil"

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Zhou, Yuanyuan. "Oil-dispersed pH-responsive particle as Pickering emulsifiers." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17380/.

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In this work, the oil-dispersed polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sterically stabilised poly(Methl Methacrylate-2Vinyl Pyridine) p(MMA-2-VP) particles are investigated for use as Pickering emulsifiers with varied emulsification conditions (pH, particle concentrations and oil-water volume ratios) and their adsorption behaviours on 2-Dimensional curved oil-water interface. These particles are synthesised by dispersion polymerisation in dodecane and their particle content can be controlled by varying the initial MMA: 2-VP ratio (uncrosslinked particles with varied MMA-2-VP ratio in particle cores) and crosslinker concentrations (cross-linked particles with constant initial MMA-2-VP ratio). Transitional phase inversion from w/o to o/w emulsions which are stabilised by oil-dispersed p(MMA-2-VP)-PDMS particles is induced by tuning pH from 6 to 2 in aqueous phase, regardless of particle concentrations. It is the first time reported of such phase inversion in emulsions stabilised with responsive emulsifiers by responding to the relevant environmental trigger. This phenomenon occurs only in the emulsion systems that prepared in the presence of such oil-dispersed particles containing more than 62% p2-VP in cores. The particles which synthesised with 5 mol% (respect to monomer concentration) cross-linkers can stabilise most stable emulsions than others, in particular the o/w emulsion, no released oil can be observed after 10 months preparation. Pickering emulsions are also prepared by changing the oil-water volume ratio under different pHs. Catastrophic emulsion phase inversion from single emulsions to multiple emulsions are observed under certain experimental conditions, indicating that such phenomenon is not only controlled by increased dispersed phase fraction in emulsion systems but also governed by the proton concentration/quantity in aqueous phase. The o/w high internal phase emulsion gels are stabilised by such oil-dispersed pH responsive particles which synthesised with 5 mol% (respect to monomer concentration) cross-linkers at pH 2 with 70 vol% oil phase. Eventually, the measurement of interfacial tension as a function of time in the presence of varied concentrations of oil-dispersed pH responsive particles are performed basing on a pendant drop method. Oil-dispersed pH responsive particles are more interfacially active at uncharged state than charged state. The adsorption coefficient value is large at charged state (pH2) than uncharged state (pH 6), implying the fact that such particle stabilised emulsion properties are governed mainly by their adsorption kinetics.
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Smyth, Ian Charles. "Cyclonic dewatering of oil." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/411627/.

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Abulikemu, Gulizhaer. "Biodegradability of Dispersants and Dispersed ANS Crude Oil at Two Temperatures." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427962547.

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Ioannou, Karolina. "Phase inversion phenomenon in horizontal dispersed oil/water pipeline flows." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445603/.

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This thesis reports on experimental and theoretical investigations relevant to the understanding of the phenomenon of phase inversion and its effect on pressure drop during dispersed flow of two immiscible liquids in horizontal pipelines. Experimental studies of phase inversion and associated phenomena were carried out in the liquid flow facility in the Department of Chemical Engineering at University College London (UCL), and at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway (NTNU). Detailed local conductivity measurements have been obtained at UCL (using conductivity ring probes, a local needle conductivity probe and a flush probe mounted on the pipe wall), which revealed phase continuity at different locations in the pipe cross section as the system approaches phase inversion and after it. In both systems, pressure gradient was measured and phase inversion identification measurements along the pipe were enabled with the use of the conductivity ring probes. A new probe that enables phase and drop size distribution measurements was designed and developed for use at UCL. At the UCL facility, velocity ratio of the two phases, the dispersed phase droplet velocity profiles, and phase distribution at the pipe cross section and droplet chord length were also measured. This revealed a significant increase in the dispersed drop size at inversion point. The results also enabled the equal surface energy criterion validation, based on droplet size considerations. The velocity ratio of the two phases was found to have a higher value than unity at all conditions studied, while inversion from water to oil continuous mixtures results in a decrease in its value. The drop velocity was also becoming lower with increasing dispersed phase fraction and it was found to be affected by the presence of high dispersed phase concentrations. Various parameters and their effect on inversion were studied. Three types of oil (with viscosities of 1.7, 5.5 and 11 mPa s) were used while different pipe diameters and materials were tested (namely, acrylic with 32 and 60 mm ID, stainless steel with 38 and 60 mm ID and an epoxy coated stainless steel pipe with 60 mm ID). Mixture velocities from 2.5 m/s to 6.2 m/s (depending on the test section) were used, selected so that the mixture away from the inversion was dispersed. Also, two experimental routes were followed, starting from oil continuous and water continuous dispersions to investigate the existence of a possible hysteresis at the occurrence of inversion. It was found that phase inversion is accompanied with significant changes in pressure gradient it was preceded by a sharp peak when the less viscous oils were used, while no peak was recorded with the use of the more viscous oil. An ambivalent range was seen for the less viscous oil, possibly related to the creation of secondary dispersions. A mechanistic model that describes the layered structure of the flow during inversion (detected experimentally) was proposed for the prediction of flow characteristics and pressure gradient at the region of inversion. It is suggested that inversion starts when a thin layer of the dispersed phase (that is to become continuous) forms at the top or the bottom of the pipe. A clear layer of the continuous phase may also exist at the bottom or the top of the pipe respectively. Two or three layer models were used for these configurations. Results showed that the two layer model predicts pressure gradient and layer thickness well. The homogeneous model was found to agree well with the experimental results, especially in the water continuous region when considerations for the mixture velocity. The friction factor was modified to compensate for the appearance of the drag reduction in the conducted measurements. In addition, a commercial feasibility study has been carried out which confirmed the considerable and immediate potential for the commercialisation of the impedance probe developed within this research for phase and drop size distribution measurements.
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Karam, Qusaie Ebrahim. "Toxicity of Kuwait crude oil and dispersed oil on selected marine fish species of Kuwait." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1483.

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Oil spill is a major source of pollution in Kuwait marine environment and oil dispersants are used as a method to combat oil spill but the adverse effects of either oil or dispersed oil is unknown to fish species local to Kuwait. Therefore, the toxicity of water-accommodated fraction (WAF) of Kuwait crude oil (KCO) and chemically enhanced water-accommodated fraction (CE-WAF) of KCO with three dispersants (Corexit® 9500, Corexit® 9527 and Slickgone® NS) were investigated against selected marine fish species local to Kuwait marine waters such as: sobaity-sea bream (Sparidentex hasta), hamoor-orange-spotted grouper (Ephinephelus coicoides), meidmullet (Liza Klunzingeri), and shea’am-yellow-fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus latus). Prior to exposure chemical characterization of KCO WAF and CE-WAFs was conducted for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), aliphatic and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) compounds. Standardization experiments regarding oil loading and mixing duration revealed that 1 g KCO loading and 24 h mixing duration were the most appropriate experimental conditions to obtain a reproducible and stable WAF and CE-WAF solutions. In general, CE-WAF contained higher concentrations of TPH, PAHs and aliphatics compared to KCO WAF. Exposure to KCO WAF and CE-WAF had no adverse effects on hatching success of embryonated eggs of sea bream and orange-spotted grouper exposed but larvae hatched during exposure exhibited a toxic response. Considering larval sensitivity, pre-hatched larvae of four marine fish species were separately exposed to KCO WAF and their sensitivities from the most sensitive to the least sensitive were: sea bream>orangespotted grouper > yellow-fin sea bream > mullet pre-hatched larval stages. The sensitivities of pre-hatched larvae of sea bream and orange-spotted grouper to WAF and CE-WAF were of different degrees. For sea bream the LC50 values were around 0.120 g oil/L for both WAF and CE-WAF indicating that dispersant didn’t increase oil toxicity, whereas for orange-spotted grouper CE-WAF (LC50 0.010 g oil/L) was more toxic than WAF alone (LC50 0.93 g/L). The data obtained in this study showed that most resistant developmental stage of fish to the toxicity of WAF and CE-WAFs was the egg stage > ABSTRACT ©KARAM v larvae hatched during exposure > pre-hatched larvae. Exposure of pre-hatched larvae to KCO WAF induced developmental abnormalities in spinal curvature of larvae and the most prominent deformity types were lordosis, scoliosis and kyphosis compared to that of control larvae were no abnormalities were observed. Relating toxicity data obtained in the present experimental study to actual petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in Kuwait marine area, it was observed that current contamination level with petroleum hydrocarbons is far less than the LC50 determined in this study suggesting that there isn’t any acute hazard to either fish egg hatching or larva survival.
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Jaye, Andrew Anthony. "Ultrafast dynamics in the dispersed phase of oil-in-water microemulsions." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410121.

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Zhang, Yu. "Biodegradability of Dispersant and Dispersed Oil at 5 and 25 °C." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1471347548.

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Al-Sayed, Essam. "Crude oil and refinery streams desulphurization using slurry dispersed catalysts and ionic liquids." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7023.

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Petroleum refining is among the most important industries in the world. The oil refinery products contribute in many essential issues in the human life including transportation fuels, heating fuels, petrochemical industries, etc. Although oil refining is an old process started in the mid of the 19th century, new developments and technologies are introduced frequently due to the large amount of studies conducted around the world research centres. Some of the petroleum refining processes gain more attention in terms of research and development in the last couple of decades. For example, the importance of developing the hydrocracking process is increasing due to the increasing amount of heavy unconventional oil reserves. Another hot topic is the development of the hydrodesulphurization process due to the environmental concern about the sulphur oxides emissions produced by using oil refinery streams that contain several organic sulphur compounds. In this work, commercially available slurry catalyst precursors are tested to study the impact of the catalyst preparation conditions on its characteristic and activity. Those types of catalysts are used for hydrocracking and upgrading processes of heavy crude and residue including sulphur and other metal removal. The main subject was to approach the desulphurization activity and selectivity of the catalyst in removing dibenzothiophene (DBT) from model feed. DBT is one of the refractory sulphur compounds in the heavy oil fractions. It was found that changing the preparation conditions in terms of temperature, pressure and sulphiding agent influenced the activity and selectivity of the produced catalyst between the direct desulphurization reaction pathway and hydrogenation reaction pathway in removing DBT. The highest conversion was achieved by using cobalt-molybdenum-sulphide catalyst (Co-Mo-S) where up to 94.0 wt% of the DBT was converted. Adding the same catalyst precursor directly to Arab heavy crude oil, high desulphurization level was achieved where 70 wt% of the sulphur content of the feed has been removed. In addition, there is a high potential to increase this desulphurization level in treating heavy crude by applying the optimum operation conditions used in presulphiding the catalyst precursor. Ionic liquids (ILs) were also employed for sulphur removal from refinery streams by liquid-liquid extraction process. The ILs are organic salts with low melting points, mostly at room temperatures. Although the sulphur extraction level was very low comparing with the conventional hydrotreating process, this process has the advantage of minimizing the operation costs by reducing the reaction severity in terms of temperature and hydrogen consumption. Around 80 wt% of DBT was removed from model compound using one of the tested ILs. The nitrogen removal was also very high where almost 99 wt% of pyridine was removed from the model oil. However, the sulphur extraction level decreased in treating diesel fuel due to several factors such as the aromatic contents of the feed and the existence of several sulphur and metal compounds. To overcome this problem, the extraction process was repeated several times using fresh batches of ILs. This point has driven the importance of developing an efficient regeneration method for the used IL which was also approached in this work.
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Zhuang, Mobing. "Effects of Chemical Dispersion on Biodegradation of Petroleum." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470757578.

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Ward, Greg Allen. "Long Term Effects of Oil and Dispersed Oil on Mixed Seagrass and Coral Beds: The 18th Year of Studies Following Experimental Dosing." NSUWorks, 2003. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/95.

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In 1984, experimental oil and dispersed oil spill sites were established along the Caribbean coast of Panama, in the Province of Bocas del Toro. Baseline biological, chemical, and physical parameters were collected prior to dosing. Over the following 2.6 years, sites were monitored regularly and results presented in a comprehensive report (Ballou et at., 1987). Ten year follow-up surveys were conducted in 1994 (Dodge et al., 1995). Ten years after dosing, sediment core analysis confirmed the presence of degraded hydrocarbons at both the crude oil and dispersed oil treatment sites. At the whole oil treatment, intertidal regions experienced further mortality in mangroves, while subtidal regions experienced few effects. At the dispersed oil treatment, subtidal corals, significantly impacted following initial treatment, appeared to have recovered. The present study is based on site visits during 2001-02', to the original crude oil, dispersed crude oil, and reference sites established in 1984. Despite the degradation of oil over the past 18 years, sheen is still visible leeching from non-dispersed, crude oil treatment sediments. Previously denuded intertidal mangrove regions currently carry a high sapling density, although recent offsite mangrove mortality may be indicative of continued toxicity and mobility of degraded hydrocarbons. Seagrass growth rates, highly variable at all sites over the duration of monitoring, appear to have been little influence by long-term treatment associated effects, while leaf area parameters at the crude oil treatment have significantly increased relative to the reference site. Sea grasses at the crude oil treatment and dispersed oil treatment both exhibit significantly reduced density relative to the reference site. Within coral zone parameters, current data reveal increased coverage of finger coral (Porites furcata) at the crude oil treatment. Since treatment, percent coverage of P. furcata has grown from 25.0%, in November 1984, to 63.5%, in June 2002. Seagrass and coral parameters are investigated for both between-site differences, and long-term within-site trends. Newly established parameters are investigated to help elucidate possible treatment effects.
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Books on the topic "Dispersed oil"

1

Koski, William R. Bird dispersal and deterrent techniques for oil spills in the Beaufort Sea. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Environmental Studies Research Funds, 1993.

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Farrar, Brian. Hot film anemometry in dispersed oil-water flows. Bradford, 1988.

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A, Carr Kelly, Balcom Brian J, United States. Minerals Management Service. Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, and Continental Shelf Associates, eds. Dispersed oil toxicity tests with biological species indigenous to the Gulf of Mexico. New Orleans, La. (1201 Elmwood Park Blvd., New Orleans 70123- 2394): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 1994.

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Hook, Sharon, Graeme Batley, Michael Holloway, Paul Irving, and Andrew Ross, eds. Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486306350.

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Oil spills can be difficult to manage, with reporting frequently delayed. Too often, by the time responders arrive at the scene, the slick has moved, dissolved, dispersed or sunk. This Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook provides practical advice on what information is likely required following the accidental release of oil or other petroleum-based products into the marine environment. The book focuses on response phase monitoring for maritime spills, otherwise known as Type I or operational monitoring. Response phase monitoring tries to address the questions – what? where? when? how? how much? – that assist responders to find, track, predict and clean up spills, and to assess their efforts. Oil spills often occur in remote, sensitive and logistically difficult locations, often in adverse weather, and the oil can change character and location over time. An effective response requires robust information provided by monitoring, observation, sampling and science. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook completely updates the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s 2003 edition of the same name, taking into account the latest scientific advances in physical, chemical and biological monitoring, many of which have evolved as a consequence of major oil spill disasters in the last decade. It includes sections on the chemical properties of oil, the toxicological impacts of oil exposure, and the impacts of oil exposure on different marine habitats with relevance to Australia and elsewhere. An overview is provided on how monitoring integrates with the oil spill response process, the response organisation, the use of decision-support tools such as net environmental benefit analysis, and some of the most commonly used response technologies. Throughout the text, examples are given of lessons learned from previous oil spill incidents and responses, both local and international. General guidance of spill monitoring approaches and technologies is augmented with in-depth discussion on both response phase and post-response phase monitoring design and delivery. Finally, a set of appendices delivers detailed standard operating procedures for practical observation, sample and data collection. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook is essential reading for scientists within the oil industry and environmental and government agencies; individuals with responder roles in industry and government; environmental and ecological monitoring agencies and consultants; and members of the maritime sector in Australia and abroad, including officers in ports, shipping and terminals.
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Gilfillan, E. S., D. S. Page, and J. C. Foster. Fate and Effects of Chemically Dispersed Oil in the Nearshore Benthic Environment, Api Publ 4440/841-44400 (Tidal Area Dispersant Project). Amer Petroleum Inst, 1986.

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Bowman, Malcolm J., David E. Dietrich, Konstantin A. Korotenko, and M. Hamish E. Bowman. Oil Spill Risk Management: Modeling Gulf of Mexico Circulation and Oil Dispersal. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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Bowman, Malcolm J., David E. Dietrich, Konstantin A. Korotenko, and M. Hamish E. Bowman. Oil Spill Risk Management: Modeling Gulf of Mexico Circulation and Oil Dispersal. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2014.

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D, Forsman Eric, and Wildlife Society, eds. Natal and breeding dispersal of northern spotted owls. Bethesda, MD: Wildlife Society, 2002.

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Miller, Gary Scott. Dispersal of juvenile northern spotted owls in western Oregon. 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dispersed oil"

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Delvigne, Gerard A. L. "Droplet Size Distribution of Naturally Dispersed Oil." In Fate and Effects of Oil in Marine Ecosystems, 29–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3573-0_3.

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Brakstad, Odd Gunnar, Mimmi Throne-Holst, and Trond Nordtug. "Oil Droplet Generation and Incubation for Biodegradation Studies of Dispersed Oil." In Springer Protocols Handbooks, 237–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/8623_2016_223.

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Scholten, M., J. Kuiper, H. Het Van Groenewoud, G. Hoornsman, and E. Van Der Vlies. "The Effects of Oil and Chemically Dispersed Oil on Natural Phytoplankton Communities." In Fate and Effects of Oil in Marine Ecosystems, 173–85. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3573-0_15.

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Mitchelmore, Carys L., Adriana C. Bejarano, and Dana L. Wetzel. "A Synthesis of DWH Oil: Chemical Dispersant and Chemically Dispersed Oil Aquatic Standard Laboratory Acute and Chronic Toxicity Studies." In Deep Oil Spills, 480–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11605-7_28.

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Bardot, C., and G. Castaing. "Toxicity of Chemically Dispersed Oil in a Flow-Through System." In Fate and Effects of Oil in Marine Ecosystems, 207–9. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3573-0_18.

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Dekker, Rob, and Godfried W. N. M. Van Moorsel. "Effects of Different Oil Doses, Dispersant and Dispersed Oil on Macrofauna in Model Tidal Flat Ecosystems." In Fate and Effects of Oil in Marine Ecosystems, 117–31. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3573-0_11.

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Li, Z., K. Lee, P. Kepkay, T. King, W. Yeung, M. C. Boufadel, and A. D. Venosa. "Wave Tank Studies on Chemical Dispersant Effectiveness: Dispersed Oil Droplet Size Distribution." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 143–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8565-9_19.

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Martinovic, Rajko, Zoran Gacic, and Zoran Kljajic. "The Influence of Oil, Dispersed Oil and the Oil Dispersant SD-25, on the Heart Rate of the Mediterranean Mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.)." In Sustainable Development of Sea-Corridors and Coastal Waters, 21–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11385-2_2.

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Lee, K., Z. Li, T. King, P. Kepkay, M. C. Boufadel, and A. D. Venosa. "Wave Tank Studies on Formation and Transport of OMA from the Chemically Dispersed Oil." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C: Environmental Security, 159–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8565-9_20.

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Zeng, Xinyang, Changyu Sun, Guangjin Chen, Fenghe Zhou, and Qidong Ran. "“Self-Preservation” of Methane Hydrate in Pure Water and (Water + Diesel Oil + Surfactant) Dispersed Systems." In Acid Gas Extraction for Disposal and Related Topics, 141–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118938652.ch11.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dispersed oil"

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Soman, Bhavna. "Electronic Rollerboard in Dispersed Engineering Execution." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/133678-ms.

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You, Qing, Yongchun Tang, Caili Dai, Patrick Shuler, Zayne Lu, and Fulin Zhao. "Research on a New Profile Control Agent: Dispersed Particle Gel." In SPE Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/143514-ms.

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Dzhevaga, Alena. "GENERALIZED IDEAS ABOUT THE STRUCTURE OF OIL DISPERSED SYSTEMS." In 17th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2017. Stef92 Technology, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2017/51/s20.068.

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Bansal, K. M., and D. D. Caudle. "Interferences With Produced Water Treatment for Dispersed Oil Removal." In SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/46576-ms.

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Seim, Harvey E., Richard Crout, and Glen Rice. "Operational mapping of the DWH deep subsurface dispersed oil." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Sárka O. Southern, Kevin N. Montgomery, Carl W. Taylor, Bernhard H. Weigl, B. V. K. Vijaya Kumar, Salil Prabhakar, and Arun A. Ross. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.884220.

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Caldera, Elionora A., and Miguel Asuaje. "Numerical Study of Drag Forces in Gravity-Induced Separation for Water Dominated Dispersed Oil-Water." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36922.

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In recent years, the oil sector has been struggling with the amount of water produced associated with the total volume of oil production. This quantity is known as water cut and could be over 90% in oil extraction. Handling of this water generates additional costs, affecting the sector’s revenues. In order to solve this problem, several techniques to reduce water cut in the wellbore have been applied. This paper evaluates CFD (computational fluid dynamics) models to predict phase segregation in dispersed oil in water flows. This evaluation has been conducted in an attempt to use CFD models to improve the design methodology of an inline separator of oil-water flow for petroleum production systems [1]. In this 3D study, three cases simulating water dominated dispersed oil-water flow in an inclined pipe 45° from horizontal, were evaluated numerically using a CFD model The oil was considered as the disperse phase and the water as the continuous phase, using Ansys®CFX. Mono size droplet dispersion was employed to represent the dispersed phase. The equations for the forces considered in this study are: drag and buoyancy. The simulated results are compared with the experimental data, which includes water volume fraction, drop pressure and separation efficiency. The result shows an improvement of over 50% in the experimental values, which match the values of the total flow rate (Q), water holdup (Hw) and pressure drop (ΔP), deviating by less than 4%.
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Jayawardena, Subash S., Banu Alkaya, Clifford L. Redus, and James P. Brill. "A New Model for Dispersed Multi-Layer Oil-Water Flow." In ASME 2001 Engineering Technology Conference on Energy. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/etce2001-17061.

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Abstract Flow patterns observed in near-horizontal oil-water two-phase flows are quite different from those in gas-liquid flows. Experience with gas-liquid flows suggests that the mechanisms governing the flow behavior are flow-pattern dependent. However, little attention has been given to modeling flow patterns observed only in liquid-liquid systems. Such flow patterns include an oil-in-water dispersion flowing on top of a water layer and the simultaneous flow of dispersions of water-in-oil and oil-in-water as separate layers. A new mechanistic model is developed for one such flow pattern in horizontal and near-horizontal pipelines. The model combined the two-fluid model used for stratified flows with the homogeneous model used for dispersed flows. This paper presents that model, and shows that the new model can predict the pressure gradient as well as the holdup. The model results are compared with those from two other models, the stratified flow model and the homogeneous model. The new model predictions are also compared with available experimental data.
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Zhang, Mo, Shoubo Wang, Ram S. Mohan, Ovadia Shoham, and Haijing Gao. "Shear Effects on Phase Inversion in Oil-Water Flow." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52076.

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Oil-water dispersed flow, in which one of the phases either water or oil is dispersed into the other phase, which is the continuous phase, occurs commonly in Petroleum Industry during the production and transportation of crudes. Phase inversion occurs when the dispersed phase grows into the continuous phase and the continuous phase becomes the dispersed phase caused by changes in the composition, interfacial properties and other factors. Production equipment, such as pumps and chokes, generate shear in oil-water mixture flow, which has a strong effect on phase inversion phenomena. In this study, based on the newly acquired data on a gear pump, the relationship between phase inversion region and shear intensity are discussed and the limitation of current phase inversion prediction model is presented.
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Sitnov, Sergey. "ULTRA DISPERSED MAGNETITE AS A CATALYST FOR AQUATHERMOLYSIS OF HEAVY OIL." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/1.4/s06.124.

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zhao, Guang, Jichao Fang, Caili Dai, Yuan Yan, Zhihu Yan, and Qing You. "Enhanced Foam Stability By Adding Dispersed Particle Gel: A New 3-Phase Foam Study." In SPE Asia Pacific Enhanced Oil Recovery Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174597-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Dispersed oil"

1

Thornell, Travis, Charles Weiss, Sarah Williams, Jennifer Jefcoat, Zackery McClelland, Todd Rushing, and Robert Moser. Magnetorheological composite materials (MRCMs) for instant and adaptable structural control. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/38721.

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Magnetic responsive materials can be used in a variety of applications. For structural applications, the ability to create tunable moduli from relatively soft materials with applied electromagnetic stimuli can be advantageous for light-weight protection. This study investigated magnetorheological composite materials involving carbonyl iron particles (CIP) embedded into two different systems. The first material system was a model cementitious system of CIP and kaolinite clay dispersed in mineral oil. The magnetorheological behaviors were investigated by using parallel plates with an attached magnetic accessory to evaluate deformations up to 1 T. The yield stress of these slurries was measured by using rotational and oscillatory experiments and was found to be controllable based on CIP loading and magnetic field strength with yield stresses ranging from 10 to 104 Pa. The second material system utilized a polystyrene-butadiene rubber solvent-cast films with CIP embedded. The flexible matrix can stiffen and become rigid when an external field is applied. For CIP loadings of 8% and 17% vol %, the storage modulus response for each loading stiffened by 22% and 74%, respectively.
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Ganey, Joseph L., and Jeffrey S. Jenness. An apparent case of long-distance breeding dispersal by a Mexican spotted owl in New Mexico. Ft. Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/rmrs-rn-53.

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