Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dispersion chromatique'
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Bélanger, Manon. "Algorithme de contrôle d'erreurs appliqué au phénomène de dispersion chromatique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2008. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1415.
Full textBélanger, Manon. "Algorithme de contrôle d'erreurs appliqué au phénomène de dispersion chromatique." [S.l. : s.n.], 2008.
Find full textAuguste, Jean-Louis. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'une fibre à forte dispersion chromatique négative." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0010.
Full textMaury, Julien. "Etude et caractérisation d'une fibre optique amplificatrice et compensatrice de dispersion chromatique." Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO0043.
Full textSince the beginning of transgenesis, the use of the mammary gland as a bio-reactor to produce pharmaceutical proteins or to modify the technological and/or nutritional properties of the milk was suggested. It was based on the use of the major milk protein genes regulatory sequences. Despite numerous studies, the creation of a vector for an efficient and specific expression of genes in the mammary gland without "position effect" has not been achieved. Several promoters of a-lactalbumin gene, a major milk protein-encoding gene, have been used but resulted in integration site dependant expressions. The recent use of large genomic fragment (BACs or YACs) has allowed to avoid this "position effect". This has been observed with a vector that was developed in our laboratory that consists of a 160 kb goat BAC insert (BAC 41) encompassing the a-lactalbumin gene, suggesting the occurrence of dominant cis-regulatory elements. The aim of this thesis was to further analyse this insert. Transgenic experiments using a derived shorter BAC of 60 kb allowed us to localise these regulatory elements in a 5' distal region of the a-lactalbumin locus. In this region two loci were identified: the cyclin T1 and FLJ20436. Characterisation of these genes revealed that they were functional within the BAC 41 and ubiquitously expressed. Surprisingly, the use of the cyclin T1 promoter in transgenics resulted in an ubiquitous expression unexpectedly high only in male germ cells. FLJ20436 pre-mRNA has a very complex splicing pattern that is conserved during evolution. These observations led us to suspect the occurrence of two chromatin domains separating these ubiquitously expressed genes from the a-lactalbumin one. Structural analysis of these genes has allowed to define a precise restriction map of the BAC 41 and to precise the location of the potential border region within the two chromatin domains. Search for cis-regulatory elements within this region was initiated. There identification and association with the a-lactalbumin promoter should contribute to the creation of efficient mammary specific expression vectors.
Gérome, Frédéric. "Conception et caractérisation de fibres compensatrices de dispersion chromatique pour application aux liaisons optiques WDM." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/a385c12b-ab1a-4168-b068-7ec7becda331/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0034.pdf.
Full textIn order to increase the transmission capacities of the optical networks, a new technology of multiplexing in wavelength named WDM was born. With it, the simultaneous control of the positive chromatic dispersion of line fibres for several wavelengths becomes obligatory. A simple solution corresponding to the insertion of a dual concentric core fibre is then adopted. The modal behavior of these fibres incorporated in a module is studied in detail. A complete theory is elaborated and then validated in experiments. The optimization of these profiles leads to a MCVD realization whose performances 5 times higher than the current values allowed the deposit of an industrial patent. Finally, air-silica microstructured technology is studied. A new improvement of a factor 7 is obtained. First realizations confirm these high potentialities and open prospects as well in the field for amplification as for the non linearity
Gagnon, Pierre-Louis. "Modélisation de la dispersion chromatique et de l'atténuation dans les fibres microstructurées à cœur suspendu." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27150.
Full textBaribeau, François. "Guide d'onde effilé comme compensateur de dispersion chromatique dans les systèmes de communications multi-longueurs d'onde." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60696.pdf.
Full textHernandez, Poveda Consuelo. "Etude et réalisation de concentrateurs solaires holographiques utilisant la dispersion chromatique et les techniques de multiplexage." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA2007.
Full textHernandez, Poveda Consuelo. "Etude et réalisation de concentrateurs solaires holographiques utilisant la dispersion chromatique et les techniques de multiplexage." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37605917s.
Full textCopie, François. "Modulation instabilities in dispersion oscillating passive fiber-ring cavities." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10111/document.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the parametric instability occurring in passive optical fiber-ring cavities, which is induced by a longitudinal modulation of the chromatic dispersion. In optical cavities, the modulation instability process is known to potentially destabilize the stationary state and turn it into a stable train of pulses. We describe in this work how a longitudinal variation of the dispersion inside the cavity enriches the dynamics of this type of device by entailing a regime of parametric instability. We detail the theoretical study of this new mechanism, which allows us to identify its spectral and temporal signatures, among which, the generation of multiple resonance peaks in the optical spectrum and the appearance of a period doubling dynamics in the time domain. We have realized such resonators in order to confirm experimentally our predictions. The model we have chosen simply consists in building a ring by splicing together uniform fibers characterized by different dispersions. In terms of results, we first observed the emergence of both modulational and parametric instabilities in the same system, before investigating their dynamics. The latter is accessible thanks to real-time spectral and temporal detection methods. We thus observed with remarkable precision the emergence of the instabilities, the period doubling associated to the parametric regime and the appearance of a record number of parametric resonances in our system
Gaillard, Virginie. "Réflectométrie en lumière polarisée faiblement cohérente." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2045.
Full textThe complex amplitude of the reflection coefficient of a component can be derived from Optical Low Coherence Reflectometry measurements. When the samples are birefringent, beat lobes can be observed in reflection coefficient amplitude as well as oscillations in phase curve which make their data processing difficult. In order to characterize these components, it is then necessary to take the polarization into consideration in the analysis considering not only the sample but also the different elements of the apparatus. In this thesis, we have integrated polarization in the reflectometer theory to characterize polarization maintaining fibres or photonic crystal fibres which are arrangements of micrometric longitudinal air channels. We have developed a method which requires only a few measurements and leads to the characteristic parameters of single axis components: the phase birefringence, the group birefringence and the chromatic dispersion along the component’s eigenaxis. A numerical analysis and the measurements performed on these fibres show the validity of our method
Merlaud, Fabien. "Contribution à l'étude des systèmes Térabit-s WDM à base de solitons à gestion de la dispersion chromatique /." Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb390852183.
Full textVerdrager, Véronique. "Etude et réalisation de compensateurs de dispersion chromatique utilisant des réseaux de Bragg photo-inscrits dans des fibres optiques." Lille 1, 2002. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2002/50376-2002-355.pdf.
Full textVergnole, Sébastien. "Nouveaux interféromètres large bande pour l'imagerie haute résolution : interféromètre fibré hectométrique : utilisation des Fibres à Cristaux Photoniques." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b5576baa-1781-4524-9024-362d7aa12695/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0022.pdf.
Full textHigh resolution imaging has reached a high reliability and currently gives a lot of scientific results. Nowadays, we may develop this technique by using very long baselines and/or new optical waveguides. Moreover, astronomers are working with wide band spectra to get more light. Thus, the study of wide band interferometers is essential. This manuscript reports the development and the characterization of wide band fiber interferometers. The first part deals with some theoretical notions. The second part is dedicated to the study of silica optical fibers in the frame of the `OHANA project. The aim of this project driven by Paris Observatory is to coherently link the telescopes of the Mauna Kea in Hawaii thanks to optical fibers. The differential chromatic dispersion of the 300-m long fibers dedicated to link CFHT and Gemini telescopes has been characterized and minimized. The effect of the temperature variation has been also studied. Solutions using an optical fiber delay line or CaF2 glasses plates have been proposed and implemented to compensate the additional chromatic dispersion due to temperature effects. The last part of this manuscript is devoted to the study of Photonic Crystal Fibers (PCFs) for wide band interferometry. A two-beam and a three-beam interferometers have been implemented to test the properties of PCFs. It has been shown that the microstructured fibers used in our experiment are able to coherently propagate light over a wide spectral domain from 670 nm to 1550 nm. This wide domain is impossible to reach with "conventional" fibers. At last, closure phase measurements have been carried out showing that these PCFs do not bring additional defects on these measurements
Gouraud, Hervé. "Filtrage opto-microonde par synthèse optique de réponse impulsionnelle." Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/80cf169f-5903-431f-98b0-603a2d41dc21/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0051.pdf.
Full textIssa, Vivian. "L'effet de la dispersion chromatique sur le taux d'erreur de transmission par fibre optique pour un débit de 10Gb/s." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1385.
Full textIssa, Vivian. "L'effet de la dispersion chromatique sur le taux d'erreur de transmission par fibre optique pour un débit de 10Gb/s." [S.l. : s.n.], 2007.
Find full textCopie, François. "Modulation instabilities in dispersion oscillating passive fiber-ring cavities." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10111.
Full textThis thesis work deals with the parametric instability occurring in passive optical fiber-ring cavities, which is induced by a longitudinal modulation of the chromatic dispersion. In optical cavities, the modulation instability process is known to potentially destabilize the stationary state and turn it into a stable train of pulses. We describe in this work how a longitudinal variation of the dispersion inside the cavity enriches the dynamics of this type of device by entailing a regime of parametric instability. We detail the theoretical study of this new mechanism, which allows us to identify its spectral and temporal signatures, among which, the generation of multiple resonance peaks in the optical spectrum and the appearance of a period doubling dynamics in the time domain. We have realized such resonators in order to confirm experimentally our predictions. The model we have chosen simply consists in building a ring by splicing together uniform fibers characterized by different dispersions. In terms of results, we first observed the emergence of both modulational and parametric instabilities in the same system, before investigating their dynamics. The latter is accessible thanks to real-time spectral and temporal detection methods. We thus observed with remarkable precision the emergence of the instabilities, the period doubling associated to the parametric regime and the appearance of a record number of parametric resonances in our system
Vergnole, Sébastien. "Nouveaux interféromètres large bande pour l'imageriehaute résolution : interféromètre fibré hectométrique ;utilisation des Fibres à Cristaux Photoniques." Phd thesis, Université de Limoges, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012003.
Full textAprès une première partie consacrée à quelques rappels théoriques, le deuxième volet de ce document est consacré à l'étude des fibres optiques en silice pour le projet `OHANA. Ce projet, piloté par l'Observatoire de Meudon, vise à relier de manière cohérente les télescopes du Mauna Kea à Hawaii à l'aide des fibres optiques. La dispersion chromatique différentielle des fibres destinées à relier le CFHT et Gemini, d'une longueur de 300 m, a été caractérisée ce qui a permis de la minimiser. Une étude de l'évolution de cette dispersion a également été menée en tenant compte des variations différentielles de température. Des solutions utilisant une ligne à retard fibrée ou des lames de CaF2 ont été proposées et réalisées pour compenser la dispersion supplémentaire occasionnée par ces variations des contraintes thermiques. La troisième partie est dédiée à l'étude des propriétés des fibres à cristaux photoniques (PCFs) pour l'interférométrie large bande. Deux interféromètres respectivement à deux et trois voies ont été mis en oeuvre dans le but de tester les propriétés des PCFs. Il a été montré que les fibres microstructurées utilisées avaient la capacité de propager la lumière de façon cohérente sur une très large bande spectrale, allant typiquement de 670 nm et 1550 nm, ce qui n'est pas possible en utilisant des fibres en silice " conventionnelles ". Enfin, des mesures de clôture de phase ont été réalisées et font apparaître que ces PCFs n'apportent pas de biais sur ces mesures.
GADRET, GREGORY. "Proprietes optiques non lineaires de polymeres polarises : etude de la dispersion chromatique de leurs coefficients electro-optiques par modulation de la reflectivite." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112352.
Full textLabonté, Laurent. "Analyse théorique et expérimentale des principales caractéristiques du mode fondamental dans les fibres optiques microstructurées air/silice." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/7992c535-e682-4254-a880-ec2515a1ccf5/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0023.pdf.
Full textThe work reported in this thesis deals with the experimental and numerical analysis of the birefringence, the chromatic dispersion and the extinction wavelength of the second mode (λc) of air-silica microstructured optical fibres (MOFs). The birefringence and the chromatic dispersion measurements are investigated in MOFs fabricated in our laboratory or by a partner from the industry (Alcatel). Different experimental setups are adapted for operating with MOFs. Experimental results are compared to simulations based on the finite element method. The very high measured birefringence of small core MOFs is attributed to the micro or nano imperfections of the structure. The large influence of the geometry of the fibre on the chromatic dispersion is also pointed out. Finally, for the first time to our knowledge, we apply to MOFs an azimuthal analysis far field analysis technique for precisely determining λc
Tang, Xuefeng. "Optical phase conjugation and its application in the compensation of fiber Kerr nonlinearities." Lorient, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LORIS052.
Full textWith the increase of the bit rate and channel number in optical fiber communications, the fiber nonlinearity, especially the Kerr nonlinearity, has been reconsidered as one of the most important limitations on the transmission performance. As an important nonlinear optical technique, optical phase conjugation (OPC), has been paid increasing attention due to its ability to compensate for the dispersion and the nonlinear effects in fiber transmissions. In this dissertation, we investigate the compensation process of nonlinear effects, including self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM), intrachannel nonlinear interaction and nonlinear noise amplification in OPC systems, using theoretical analysis and numerical simulations. It is shown that OPC has a very promising ability to compensate for the fiber nonlinearities, while its performance is affected by some factors such as the signal evolution symmetry, the dispersion regime and the fiber-link configuration. With the optimization of the dispersion map design (fiber-link configuration), the compensation performance of OPC can be improved considerably, which shows a very attractive implementation in either time division multiplexing (TDM) or wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) schemes. In addition, we have made a contribution to the study of the temperature tuning effect on the quasi-phase-matching (QPM) difference-frequency-generation (DFG), and a multi-segment temperature tuning method is proposed to optimize the QPM-DFG performance
Cortès, Pierre-Yves. "Compensation de la dispersion chromatique et des effets non-linéaires par conjugaison de phase optique pour les systèmes de télécommunications par fibre à haut débit." Limoges, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LIMO0036.
Full textParvery, Hervé. "Contribution à l'étude d'antennes réseaux large bande à pointage pilote par commande optique." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0031.
Full textThis thesis concerns the study, the realisation and characterisation of an antenna array fed and steered by an optical command. The array is fed by "true time delays". Three systems are proposed. The first one works at 960 MHz and allows to validate the control of the array pointing direction by tuning the optical wavelength that carries the microwave signal. The second antenna presents a wide bandwidth around 2 GHz (25%) and demonstrates that the pointing direction of the array remains invariant with the emitted frequency. The last studied corresponds to the conception and to the realisation of a prototype working in the millimetre-wave domain. It is based on the previous system used at low frequency, to create the delays, which is associated to microwave mixing to produced out of phase millimetre-waves. The interest of this system is to obtain a wide bandwidth control of the pointing direction and to simplify the feed circuit of the radiating elements
Molin, Denis. "Next generation multimode fiber for high speed data networks with improved bend resistance and chromatic dispersion compensation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10046.
Full textMulti-Mode Fibers (MMFs) were the first optical fibers to be developed in the early days of optical communications, before the advent of Single-Mode Fibers (SMFs). Graded-Index MMFs (GI-MMFs) were rapidly introduced to reduce the modal dispersion, and thus enlarge the modal bandwidth, that limited the capacity of original Step-Index fibers (SI-MMFs), paving the way to short-range high-speed optical transmissions. Their typical large core and high numerical aperture provide significant advantages over SMFs in applications that require efficient light coupling with large sources and relaxed fiber alignment tolerances. MMFs are used in many fields such as industry, defense, transport, telecommunications and medical. This work focuses on the application for which MMFs are the most widely used nowadays, that is data communications. MMFs have constantly evolved and improved to keep up to pace. The advent of low-cost and low-power-consuming directly current-modulated VCSELs that can reliably support 10Gbps (and more) data rates at ~850nm has motivated the development and the standardization of laser-launch optimized 50µm-diameter GI-MMFs: the OM3 fibers (2002) and the OM4 fibers (2009). We present here the OM3 and OM4 fiber development for the last decade we divided into three main topics:i) the optimization of the refractive index profile to maximize the modal bandwidth (development of the OM4 fiber),ii) the minimization of the macrobending losses (development of so-called bend-insensitive OM4 fibers),iii) the chromatic dispersion compensation to ultimately enlarge the total bandwidth of MMFs, accounting for modal and chromatic dispersions and their interaction
Grellier, Edouard. "Etude des effets non-linéaires à l'oeuvre dans les transmissions optiques fortement dispersifs." Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA2044.
Full textIn order to respond to the ever increasing need for capacity in data transmission, telecommunication providers are now installing optical transmission systems operating at 100Gbit/s per channel. To enable such transmission, several key technologies have been developed such as coherent detection and new modulation formats. In the meantime, the transmission line itself is evolving and system with no line chromatic dispersion compensation are more and more considered , these systems operate in the so-called “highly dispersive regime”. The large distortion affects the non-linear interactions among the different signals and makes it necessary to revisit the study of the non-linear effects. To that end, we begin by showing that the study of highly dispersive system requires test sequences of several thousands of bits. Then, we derive a first order perturbative approach of the non-linear Schrödinger equation for a vector field that enables to study systems using modulated on either 1 or 2 polarisations. We show that in highly dispersive systems, the impact of non linear effects is similar to additive Gaussian noise. And we use this property to revisit the notion of non-linear threshold, i. E. The optical power setting leading to the best trade-off between the impacts of the noise and the non-linear effects. Finally we establish practical design rules predicting the evolution of the performance with respect to parameters such as the number of spans, the optical power or the amount of cumulated chromatic dispersion. And we establish a model providing a performance prediction for any dispersion management strategy
Peyrilloux, Ambre. "Modélisation et caractérisation des fibres microstructurées air/silice pour application aux télécommunications optiques." Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO0057.
Full textMy work, achieved within the framework of a partnership with Alcatel, deals with the theoretical and experimental study of the propagation into air/silica microstructured optical fibres (MOFs) guiding by total internal reflection for application to high bit rate optical telecommunication. I have adapted the use of a software which was developed at IRCOM, based on the finite element method, for modelling the propagation into MOFs. Thanks to the abacuses of the main propagation characteristics in function of the index profiles that I have carried out, MOFs suitable for the targeted application have been identified. In addition, the conditions of validity of four models have been discussed using comparisons between theoretical results and a confrontation with measures that I have performed on MOFS fabricated at Alcatel and at IRCOM (chromatic dispersion, polarisation mode dispersion). A novel highly birefringent MOF that I have conceived and characterised has been patented
Haïtami, Mehdi. "Optimisation multicouche des réseaux optiques wdm : heuristiques tabou pour la résolution à moindre coût du problème de groupage de routage et d’affectation de longueurs d’ondes." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5985.
Full textLongueteau, Emmanuel. "Synthèse d'ouverture à 3 télescopes : Etude et caractérisation des sources d'erreurs sur les données interférométriques." Limoges, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LIMO0020.
Full textJenneve, Philippe. "Analyse Expérimentale des Distorsions Non-Linéaires pour la Construction d’un Estimateur de Performances des Réseaux Optiques Cohérents." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLO014.
Full textNowadays, high-speed fiber-optic communication networks are the basis of information technology and the subject of intense research. Innovation enables transponders to be flexible and versatile, but fiber optical networks are still configured manually and especially almost never tuned during the life of the network. One of the blocking points toward reconfigurable and automated optical networks is the need of performance prediction for any link of the network in an accurate and fast way. However, the prediction is made even more complex by the diversity of deployed optical fiber types and propagation regimes.During my work, I addressed experimentally the signal distortions coming from nonlinear Kerr effects accumulated on hundreds of kilometers of optical fibers. Based on specific and controlled experiments, I have measured and highlighted the properties of the nonlinear distortions. These analyses allowed me to design a performance model estimator that can be applied to heterogeneous optical links with various optical fiber types and propagation regimes.The flexibility of transponders associated with a performance estimator will optimize and tune the channels dynamically depending on the load and the topology of the network, as well as compute the protection and restoration links
Kerrinckx, Emmanuel. "Les microstructurations dans les fibres optiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Kerrinckx.pdf.
Full textUn de nos objectifs est de pouvoir simuler les propriétés optiques de fibres réelles afin de pouvoir confronter nos modèles avec des mesures expérimentales. Après avoir spécifié les différentes méthodes numériques accessibles au laboratoire (méthode des faisceaux propagés, multipolaire, différences finis et éléments finis), nous expliquons le choix qui a essentiellement été retenu pour nos simulations à savoir la Méthode des Eléments Finis (MEF) et nous présenterons les résultats de simulations concernant l'influence des défauts de fabrications sur l'évolution de la biréfringence. Ces résultats sont alors confrontés aux mesures expérimentales de la biréfringence et de la dispersion chromatique de ces fibres. Un autre objectif important est la conception d'une microstructure permettant d'obtenir une propriété optique prédéfinie. Nous proposons ici une méthode originale de résolution de ce problème inverse, basée sur le couplage d'un Algorithme Génétique avec une méthode d'éléments finis totalement vectorielle permettant de calculer les modes qui se propagent de FCP. Nous appliquerons ensuite notre méthode à la conception d'une fibre présentant une dispersion chromatique proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,1 µm-1,9 µm] et à la conception d'une fibre ayant une dispersion chromatique "plate" (de très faible pente) et proche de zéro sur la gamme spectrale [1,35 µm-1,65 µm]
Jamier, Raphaël. "Propriétés linéaires des fibres optiques à cristal photonique à cœur solide." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/cc01e272-24b8-44b9-b5a1-478b8ebad714/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4044.pdf.
Full textThe insertion of photonic crystal in optical fibres made it possible to increase the thresholds of physical phenomena limiting the delivery and the generation of high power. The core size and the effective area (Aeff) of the fundamental mode are drastically increased while preserving a singlemode emission. The photonic crystal fibres studied here are defined by a one-dimensional periodic cladding allowing the light to be guided by the so-called photonic bandgap effect. Their potential is revealed through the study of their linear properties. Results about the design, fabrication and characterisation of fibres exhibiting large Aeff relative to the wavelength are reported. The drastic reduction of confinement loss and bending sensitivity is shown. The possibility of integrating such a fibre as a passive element in an “all fibre” laser source is also shown through an example of dispersion management
Wood, Thomas. "Application des techniques d’optique guidée à la détection de gaz." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4321/document.
Full textIn a world suffering from increasing air pollution due to spiraling industrial activity, the detection of toxic gasses in the atmosphere is of paramount importance. The gas detector market is already well developed, and features a wide variety of detection technologies and techniques, each presenting its own set of intrinsic advantages and drawbacks. In this thesis, a combination of two or more technologies typically used independently has been studied in order to improve the global performances of gas detection systems. To this length, we have conceived and studied detector architectures based upon optical transduction systems, coupled with a material presenting a specific sensitivity to the target gas. More precisely, we have for the first time integrated a catalyst designed to accelerate the oxidation rate of chemical species (such as carbon monoxide or hydrogen) with an optical component capable of absorbing the heat generated by the oxidation reaction. The associated increase in temperature is translated to a variation of the optical intensity comprising the exit signal of the detector. The work carried out measuring the chromatic and temperature dispersion of the refractive index of the materials comprising the optical transduction component by guided mode techniques, ellipsometry and photometric techniques is presented. The optical probing of the electrical properties of semiconductor materials has also been studied, including the variations of these properties following interactions with oxidizing, reducing, or combustible gasses
Rzaigui, Habeb. "Systèmes hybrides opto/sans fil pour les réseaux multi-gigabits aux fréquences millimétriques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAT014/document.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the radio-over-fiber (RoF) communication systems at millimeter frequencies in the frequency range 57-66 GHz and optical generation of a signal at millimeter-wave frequency band. The technique used is based on mode-locked laser diodes. The diodes employed in this work are in quantum dots (or quantum dashes) technology. In this thesis, several studies were conducted: the first relates the ability of integration these types of lasers in the RoF communication systems under direct or external modulation. The second study was devoted to propagation effects. An original technique was implemented to reduce the sensitivity to chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber. A study of the reduction of phase noise mode-locked lasers based on the observation of the reaction effect and against the external optical injection was presented
Anfray, Thomas. "Étude et simulation des potentialités du Dual Electroabsorption Modulated Laser (D-EML) pour la montée en débit dans les futurs réseaux d’accès optique." Limoges, 2013. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/49d7e50e-10d9-4a3a-b4ca-11cf423f38cb/blobholder:0/2013LIMO4017.pdf.
Full textThe access network is the last part of the network allowing the transmission of information to end-users. The apparition of new bandwidth-hungry services, as video and file sharing services, force telecom operator to increase the capacity of all network segments including access network. Thus the fiber-based access solutions progressively replace copper- or coax-based solutions. The optical fiber is very attractive because of its low linear attenuation and high bandwidth. However, the fiber chromatic dispersion combined to the optical sources chirp limits the bit rate upgrade in the next generation passive optical networks (beyond 10 Gb/s). Indeed, the combination of these two phenomena leads to the spread of the optical pulses carrying information resulting in inter-symbol interferences and consequently in errors at the reception side. In this thesis work, we have investigated the transmission performances of a new optical source, called the dual electroabsorption modulated laser (D-EML), for the bit rate upgrade form 10 Gb/s to 40 Gb/s. The D-EML is composed of a DFB laser monolithically integrated with an EA modulator. The particularity of this source consists in having dual independent RF modulation access for the laser and the modulator. The laser has been developed to play the role of an optical frequency modulator whilst the modulator acts as an optical intensity modulator. With such configuration, it is possible to generate optical single side band (OSSB) signal which is less penalized by the fiber chromatic dispersion than classical optical double side band (ODSB) signals. In this thesis, we have demonstrated thanks to system simulations that the D-EML allows increasing maximal transmission distances beyond the limit imposed by chromatic dispersion for classical ODSB signal, for both on-off keying non-return to zero and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation formats
Fall, Abdoulaye. "Réflectométrie optique dans le domaine fréquentiel pour l’analyse des réseaux locaux domestiques optiques." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0011/document.
Full textIn order to develop high capacity future-proof home network, the FUI 12 RLDO project suggests passive star network topology using multimode couplers. This topology encounters implementation difficulties due to the non-uniformity of the power distribution in the output ports of multimode couplers. Analyzing this problem shows that the properties of modes propagating in the network elements plays a key role in this non-uniform characteristics of multimode couplers. In order to characterize these modes propagating in the network, we have developed a complex optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) setup. The phenomena limiting the sensitivity to the phase in OFDR – in fact, those related to the non-linear frequency tuning of the laser source - are investigated to contribute to a better understanding of the limiting mechanisms. Then we have tested the intensity and phase measurement performance of the developed setup. Later, we studied the optimal resolution conditions to characterize the modes in a multimode waveguide. We have also analyzed the uncertainty of the measurement of the chromatic dispersion of modes in case where it is impossible to determine whether one or several modes are present in a given dispersion curve. Additionally, we have introduced an adaptive time-frequency method, to obtain the dispersion curves with optimal resolution. This method allows us to show the versatility of the special RLDO multimode fiber (single-mode behavior under single-mode excitation at 1310 nm and 1550 nm). The analysis of the propagation in the optical fibers, associated with a model we have developed to study the behavior of multimode couplers, has permitted to explain encountered difficulties with the experiments of the multimode passive star network topology. This also gives insights to develop a functional prototype of network
Guibert, Stéphane. "Applications de la spectroscopie à l' étude de l' atmosphère de Mars et à la recherche de planètes extrasolaires : caractérisation des spectromètres de l' instrument SPICAM-Light embarqués à bord de la mission spatiale Mars-Express : développement et optimisation du spectromètre astronomique EMILIE dédié aux mesures de vitesses radiales stellaires." Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105285.
Full textThis thesis deals with three innovating techniques of spectrometry, one in near infrared, the other into visible, and the third in ultraviolet ray. Two of them are used by the instrument Spicam-Light on board the Mars-Express spacecraft, for the study of the Martian atmosphere. The third relates to spectrometry with high resolution since the ground, and is dedicated to the stellar radial velocity measurements for the search of extrasolar planets at the Haute-Provence Observatory (France) with the Absolute Astronomical Accelerometer. The study presents the original concept of the UV and NIR spectrometers of the Spicam-Light instrument, through a detailed technical description. It brings results, calibrations, photometric estimates before the takeoff and the flight performances. The study on the Absolute Astronomical Accelerometer explains the significant instrumental development of this device. It brings results to illustrate its actual and futures possibilities
Fall, Abdoulaye. "Réflectométrie optique dans le domaine fréquentiel pour l’analyse des réseaux locaux domestiques optiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TELE0011.
Full textIn order to develop high capacity future-proof home network, the FUI 12 RLDO project suggests passive star network topology using multimode couplers. This topology encounters implementation difficulties due to the non-uniformity of the power distribution in the output ports of multimode couplers. Analyzing this problem shows that the properties of modes propagating in the network elements plays a key role in this non-uniform characteristics of multimode couplers. In order to characterize these modes propagating in the network, we have developed a complex optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) setup. The phenomena limiting the sensitivity to the phase in OFDR – in fact, those related to the non-linear frequency tuning of the laser source - are investigated to contribute to a better understanding of the limiting mechanisms. Then we have tested the intensity and phase measurement performance of the developed setup. Later, we studied the optimal resolution conditions to characterize the modes in a multimode waveguide. We have also analyzed the uncertainty of the measurement of the chromatic dispersion of modes in case where it is impossible to determine whether one or several modes are present in a given dispersion curve. Additionally, we have introduced an adaptive time-frequency method, to obtain the dispersion curves with optimal resolution. This method allows us to show the versatility of the special RLDO multimode fiber (single-mode behavior under single-mode excitation at 1310 nm and 1550 nm). The analysis of the propagation in the optical fibers, associated with a model we have developed to study the behavior of multimode couplers, has permitted to explain encountered difficulties with the experiments of the multimode passive star network topology. This also gives insights to develop a functional prototype of network
Gharba, Ahmed. "OFDM et allocation des ressources dans les nouvelles générations des réseaux d'accès optiques pour des systèmes mono et multi-utilisateurs." Rennes, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAR0008.
Full textOptical access networks are essential to meet overgrowing demands of bandwidth and to facilitate the future telecom services. Lt presents an interesting solution for broadband access networks compared to DSL technology which has a limited data rate as weil as a short geographical reach eligibility. Actual optical access networks solutions are based on classical and simple NRZ (Non Return to Zero) modulation technique of the signal in the optical domain. Recently, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation has been proposed to better exploit the capacity of the optical channel. Coupled with resources allocation techniques, OFDM transmission takes into consideration the channel quality in order to maximize the overall data rate. This thesis experimentally implements OFDM coupled with bit and power allocation algorithms in a downstream Next Generation PON (NG-PON) architectures. First, OFDM coupled with Levin-Campello algorithm so called Adaptively Modulated Optical OFDM (AMOOFDM) is presented for single user OFDM-based systems. Then, another technique Optimal Spectrum Balancing (OSB) is used for resource allocation in multi-user OFDM-based systems. Lmplementing OSB, Multi-Band OFDM (MB-OFDM) has been experimentally demonstrated, then a comparison is made between MB-OFDM and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) both using OSB algorithm. The impact of the laser chirp and optical fibre chromatic dispersion on transmission performance is studied as weil as a comparison is made between APD and PIN photodiodes both using AMOOFDM signal
Gauden, Damien. "Etude et réalisation de composants passifs accordables pour les systèmes de télécommunication hauts débits." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1E001.
Full textGuibert, Stéphane. "Application de la spectroscopie à l'étude de la planète Mars et à la recherche de planètes extrasolaires :caractérisation des spectromètres de l'instrument SPICAM-Light embarqué à bord de la mission spatiale Mars-Express ; développement et optimisation du spectromètre astronomique EMILIE dédié aux mesures de vitesses radiales stellaires." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00105285.
Full textL'étude présente le concept révolutionnaire des spectromètres UV et IR de l'instrument Spicam-Light à travers une description technique détaillée. Elle s'accompagne des résultats, des étalonnages, des estimations photométriques avant l'envol et des performances en vol. L'étude sur l'AAA expose le développement instrumental important de cet appareil. Elle s'accompagne des résultats obtenus pour illustrer ses performances actuelles et potentielles.
Costes, Sylvain. "Extension de l'approche par la courbe maitresse de la prédiction des durées de vie de réseaux d'indice complexes inscrits par UV dans les fibres." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00917592.
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