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1
Abolghasem, Amir M. "Numerical modeling of post-seismic displacement fields." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=964204894.
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Abolghasem, Amir M. "Numerical modeling of post-seismic displacement fields /." Stuttgart : Geod. Inst. der Univ. Stuttgart, 2001. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB9459592.
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Svanbro, Angelica. "Speckle interferometry and correlation applied to large-displacement fields /." Luleå : Univ, 2004. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2004/05.
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Zachariah, Elizabeth. "4-D Modeling of Displacement Vector Fields for Improved Radiation Therapy." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2323.
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In radiation therapy, it is imperative to deliver high doses of radiation to the tumor while reducing radiation to the healthy tissue. Respiratory motion is the most significant source of errors during treatment. Therefore, it is essential to accurately model respiratory motion for precise and effective radiation delivery. Many approaches exist to account for respiratory motion, such as controlled breath hold and respiratory gating, and they have been relatively successful. They still present many drawbacks. Thus, research has been expanded to tumor tracking. This paper presents a spatio-temporal model for four dimensional CT reconstruction. The method begins with a set of initial CT projections and a simultaneously acquired breathing trace. Two methods are explored to model the spatial components: principal component analysis and a pseudoinverse matrix method. An iterative approach is used to match the simulated projections to the actual projections. The simulated projections and the initial projections are evaluated using Normalized Root Mean Square Error (NRMSE). The proposed method shows simulated projections and actual projections match, and as such the model is able to accurately predict the deformation.
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Voosoghi, Behzad. "Intrinsic deformation analysis of the earth surface based on 3-dimensional displacement fields derived from space geodetic measurements." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8885017.
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Voosoghi, Behzad. "Intrinsic deformation analysis of the earth surface fased on 3-dimensional displacement fields derived from space geodetic measurements." [S.l. : s.n.], 2000. http://www.bsz-bw.de/cgi-bin/xvms.cgi?SWB8937695.
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Rusovici, Razvan. "Modeling of Shock Wave Propagation and Attenuation in Viscoelastic Structures." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29153.
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Protection from the potentially damaging effects of shock loading is a common design requirement for diverse mechanical structures ranging from shock accelerometers to spacecraft. High-damping viscoelastic materials are employed in the design of geometrically complex impact absorbent components. Since shock transients have a broadband frequency spectrum, it is imperative to properly model frequency dependence of material parameters. The Anelastic Displacement Fields (ADF) method is employed to develop new axisymmetric and plane stress finite elements that are capable of modeling frequency dependent material behavior of linear viscoelastic materials. The new finite elements are used to model and analyze behavior of viscoelastic structures subjected to shock loads. The development of such ADF-based finite element models offers an attractive analytical tool to aid in the design of shock absorbent mechanical filters. This work will also show that it is possible to determine material properties’ frequency dependence by iteratively fitting ADF model predictions to experimental results.
A series of experiments designed to validate the axisymmetric and plane stress finite element models are performed. These experiments involve the propagation of longitudinal waves through elastic and viscoelastic rods, and behavior of elastomeric mechanical filters subjected to shock. Comparison of model predictions to theory and experiments confirm that ADF-based finite element models are capable of capturing phenomena such as geometric dispersion and viscoelastic attenuation of longitudinal waves in rods as well as modeling the behavior of mechanical filters subjected to shock.<br>Ph. D.
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Nguyen, Tran. "Optical measurement of shape and deformation fields on challenging surfaces." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10551.
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A multiple-sensor optical shape measurement system (SMS) based on the principle of white-light fringe projection has been developed and commercialised by Loughborough University and Phase Vision Ltd for over 10 years. The use of the temporal phase unwrapping technique allows precise and dense shape measurements of complex surfaces; and the photogrammetry-based calibration technique offers the ability to calibrate multiple sensors simultaneously in order to achieve 360° measurement coverage. Nevertheless, to enhance the applicability of the SMS in industrial environments, further developments are needed (i) to improve the calibration speed for quicker deployment, (ii) to broaden the application range from shape measurement to deformation field measurement, and (iii) to tackle practically-challenging surfaces of which specular components may disrupt the acquired data and result in spurious measurements. The calibration process typically requires manual positioning of an artefact (i.e., reference object) at many locations within the view of the sensors. This is not only timeconsuming but also complicated for an operator with average knowledge of metrology. This thesis introduces an automated artefact positioning system which enables automatic and optimised distribution of the artefacts, automatic prediction of their whereabouts to increase the artefact detection speed and robustness, and thereby greater overall calibration performance. This thesis also describes a novel technique that integrates the digital image correlation (DIC) technique into the present fringe projection SMS for the purpose of simultaneous shape and deformation field measurement. This combined technique offers three key advantages: (a) the ability to deal with geometrical discontinuities which are commonly present on mechanical surfaces and currently challenging to most deformation measurement methods, (b) the ability to measure 3D displacement fields with a basic single-camera single-projector SMS with no additional hardware components, and (c) the simple implementation on a multiple-sensor hardware platform to achieve complete coverage of large-scale and complex samples, with the resulting displacement fields automatically lying in a single global coordinate system. A displacement measurement accuracy of ≃ 1/12,000 of the measurement volume, which is comparable to that of an industry-standard DIC system, has been achieved. The applications of this novel technique to several structural tests of aircraft wing panels on-site at the research centre of Airbus UK in Filton are also presented. Mechanical components with shiny surface finish and complex geometry may introduce another challenge to present fringe projection techniques. In certain circumstances, multiple reflections of the projected fringes on an object surface may cause ambiguity in the phase estimation process and result in incorrect coordinate measurements. This thesis presents a new technique which adopts a Fourier domain ranging (FDR) method to correctly identifying multiple phase signals and enables unambiguous triangulation for a measured coordinate. Experiments of the new FDR technique on various types of surfaces have shown promising results as compared to the traditional phase unwrapping techniques.
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Mantiloni, Lorenzo. "Modelling displacement and stress fields in hydrothermal regions: the case of a thermo-poro-elastic inclusion in a poro-elastic half-space." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18151/.
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Le regioni idrotermali sono interessate da una grande varietà di fenomeni naturali, tra cui episodi di rigonfiamento e subsidenza del suolo. Tra di esse, le caldere consentono di studiare le interazioni tra i processi magmatici e le dinamiche dei fluidi di cui sono imbevute le rocce porose nella crosta superficiale.
Un'area idrotermale soggetta a instabilità periodiche è la caldera dei Campi Flegrei, nell'Italia meridionale. Una delle crisi più recenti, oggetto di numerosi studi e ricerche, ha avuto luogo nel biennio 1982-84.
La tesi si propone di sviluppare un modello di sorgente deformativa che prevede una regione termo-poro-elastica inclusa in un solido poro-elastico semi-illimitato, nel caso in cui questa regione abbia forma cilindrica e subisca cambiamenti di temperatura e pressione di poro al suo interno. Viene fornita una soluzione semi-analitica per spostamenti e sforzi così generati
all'interno e all'esterno della sorgente deformativa, e i risultati sono paragonati a quelli ottenuti tramite un approccio completamente numerico, insieme a quelli di altri tre modelli.
Lo spostamento verticale risultante alla superficie libera è in buon accordo con quello prodotto dal modello di Mogi, e riproduce il pattern di deformazione verticale osservato presso i Campi Flegrei durante la crisi del 1982-84. Tuttavia, vi sono differenze nelle ampiezze delle componenti dello spostamento tra il nostro modello e gli altri due considerati. I risultati per il campo di sforzi sul piano mediano della sorgente indicano un regime compressivo al suo interno, mentre si evidenzia un regime distensivo nella regione sovrastante, e un regime trascorrente nella regione esterna del semispazio. Questo è in accordo con la distribuzione eterogenea dei meccanismi focali ottenuti dai dati sismologici
relativi allo stesso episodio presso i Campi Flegrei.
Alla fine dell’opera, sono discussi i limiti di applicabilità del modello e ne sono indicati alcuni possibili sviluppi ulteriori.
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Walbert, Katrin. "Ectomycorrhizal communities associated with a Pinus radiata plantation in the North Island, New Zealand." Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/658.
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Aboveground and belowground ectomycorrhizal (ECM) communities associated with different age classes of the exotic plantation species Pinus radiata were investigated over the course of two years in the North Island of New Zealand. ECM species were identified with a combined approach of morphological and molecular (restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and DNA sequencing) analysis. ECM species richness and diversity of a nursery in Rotorua, and stands of different ages (1, 2, 8, 15 and 26 yrs of age at time of final assessment) in Kaingaroa Forest, were assessed above- and belowground; furthermore, the correlation between the above- and belowground ECM communities was assessed. It was found that the overall and stand specific species richness and diversity of ECM fungi associated with the exotic host tree in New Zealand were low compared to similar forests in the Northern Hemisphere but similar to other exotic plantations in the Southern Hemisphere. Over the course of this study, 18 ECM species were observed aboveground and 19 ECM species belowground. With the aid of molecular analysis the identities of Laccaria proxima and Inocybe sindonia were clarified. In the aboveground study, five species were found associated with P. radiata that were previously not reported with this host in New Zealand (Inocybe sindonia, Lactarius rufus, Lycoperdon gunii, Rhizopogon pseudoroseolus and Wilcoxina mikolae). Belowground, the species Psudotomentella sp., P. tristis, R. luteorubescens, Tomentella sp., Wilcoxina mikolae were found as new associates of P. radiata in New Zealand, additionally nine ECM types were found that could not be identified with molecular analysis. There was little correlation between the species fruiting and the species colonising root tips. Only seven species were found in common between the above- and belowground communities, furthermore the dominant species aboveground were not observed in the belowground ECM communities. The influence of host age on the above- and belowground ECM communities of different age classes of P. radiata plantations was investigated. The aboveground species richness increased from the nursery to the oldest age group investigated (26 yrs), while diversity increased to the 15 yr old age group and decreased slightly to the oldest stand. A clear sequence of ECM species changes was observed to be related to stand age with a growing complexity over the chronosequence. The belowground ECM communities showed a different picture and richness and diversity initially decreased from the nursery to the outplanting but increased thereafter. Belowground no change in ECM composition that was directly related to the age of the host was observed, but two distinct groups of ECM species were found – a 'young' and a 'plantation forest' group, with the respective discriminating species being Rhizopogon rubescens and Type unknown Basidiomycete/Amanita muscaria. Another aspect of the study was the fate of the nursery ECM species in the outplanting and the arrival of non-nursery species. The ECM communities of seedlings in the nursery were investigated in 2006 and these seedlings were followed up over eight assessments in the field for one year, furthermore data from the 1-, 2 and 8 yr old plantation stands was analysed. It was found that the nursery species do survive the first year of outplanting and are dominant in the first year. The first non-nursery species occurred six months after outplanting but was only in minor abundance. Nursery ECM were dominant for two years after the seedlings were planted, and were completely replaced after seven years. Rhizopogon rubescens was found to be the most persistent and dominant species in the outplanting, facilitating the successful establishment of the seedlings in the plantation forest.
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Kunchum, Shilpa. "Embedded Digital Image Correlation in a Full-Field Displacement Sensor." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1346171486.
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Jeffrey, John. "Investigating the performance of continuous helical displacement piles." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/9877bf01-2251-4b34-aa8b-0ff9fc36a264.
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The Continuous Helical Displacement (CHD) pile is an auger displacement pile developed by Roger Bullivant Ltd in the UK. The CHD pile is installed in-situ through the use of a drilling auger, in a similar fashion to European screw piles and as such, it has performance characteristics of both displacement and non-displacement piles Based on field experience, it is known that the load capacity performance of the CHD pile significantly exceeds the current design predictions, particularly when installed in sand. Model CHD piles were created in pluviated test beds at a range of different densities and compared to model displacement and non-displacement piles. The load tests show that the CHD piles have a similar ultimate capacity to displacement piles. Instrumentation of the model piles allowed load distribution throughout the pile length to be determined. The tests allowed design parameters to be established, with it being shown that the CHD has lower bearing capacity factors and higher earth pressure coefficients than current suggestions .The disturbance to the in-situ soil conditions caused by the installation of the CHD piles was measured using a model CPT probe. The CHD pile was found to cause significant changes in soil relative density laterally around the pile shaft while displacement piles show changes predominantly below the pile base. The CHD pile is found to cause a densification of the in situ soil for all relative densities with the greatest increase occurring in loose sand. The ultimate capacity of the CHD pile is determined from load tests carried out on field CHD piles with the aid of capacity prediction methods for piles which have not been loaded to their ultimate capacity. The results from model testing have been applied to field pile tests to allow the development of design parameters including appropriate pile diameter, bearing capacity factor Nq and the earth pressure coefficient k which are suitable for CHD piles.
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Karray, Mayssa. "Caractérisation des propriétés mécaniques et électriques des matériaux composites par méthode holographique numérique 3D et analyse diélectrique." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00793179.
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Ce travail de thèse décrit l'application de méthodes d'analyse innovantes à la caractérisation des propriétésmécaniques et électriques de matériaux composites.Le Chapitre premier dresse un état de l'art des fondamentaux théoriques et pré requis nécessaires à lacompréhension du manuscrit. Un regard critique permet de dégager une stratégie pour l'analyse, basée d'une partsur des méthodes holographiques numériques et d'autre part sur des techniques de mesure diélectrique.Le Chapitre second est dédié au choix de la méthode d'holographie numérique. En particulier, la configurationimage montre quelques particularités qui sont analysées en détail : le rôle du diaphragme d'ouverture du systèmed'imagerie. Nous concluons que la méthode d'holographie de Fresnel présente des avantages d'achromatismepour les applications avec plusieurs longueurs d'onde.Le 3ème Chapitre présente deux applications de l'holographie numérique au contrôle de structures compositesincorporées avec des pastilles piézoélectriques dédiées à l'émission acoustique. Nous avons démontré en premiertemps, la possibilité d'analyser par holographie numérique de Fresnel en temps moyenné le comportementvibratoire des poutres composites excitées harmoniquement. Dans un second temps, on a montré que les pastillesutilisées influencent le comportement mécanique des matériaux en régime statique.Le Chapitre 4 présente l'analyse expérimentale et numérique des structures composites soumises à un essai decisaillement en flexion trois points rapprochés. Nous présentons les résultats obtenus pour des applications à deséchantillons lin/époxy et lin/carbone/époxy.Le 5ème Chapitre aborde l'analyse des propriétés diélectriques des composites renforcés par fibres de lin. Deuxtechniques expérimentales sont mises en oeuvre : la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC) et l'impédancemètre de type Novocontrol. Nous concluons que les fibres de lin seules dans le composite sont moinshydrophiles que celles incorporées avec des fibres de carbone, ce qui explique la meilleure adhérencefibres/matrice dans le premier cas.
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Smith, Jr Philip T. "ANALYSIS AND APPLICATION OF CAPACITIVE DISPLACEMENT SENSORS TO CURVED SURFACES." UKnowledge, 2003. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/311.
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Capacitive displacement sensors have many applications where non-contact, high precision measurement of a surface is required. Because of their non-contact nature they can easily measure conductive surfaces that are flexible or otherwise unable to be measured using a contact probe. Since the output of the capacitance gage is electrical, data points can be collected quickly and averaged to improve statistics. It is often necessary for capacitive displacement sensors to gage the distance from a curved (non-flat) surface. Although displacements can easily be detected, the calibration of this output can vary considerably from the flat case. Since a capacitance gage is typically factorycalibrated against a flat reference, the experimental output contains errors in both gain and linearity. A series of calibration corrections is calculated for rectifying this output. Capacitance gages are also limited in their overall displacement travel. A support stage is described that, along with control electronics, allow the properties of the capacitance gage to be combined with an interferometer to overcome this displacement limitation. Finally, an application is proposed that would make use of the capacitance sensor and support stage assembly.
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Zobeiry, Navid. "Extracting the strain-softening response of composites using full-field displacement measurement." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26239.
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From both numerical and experimental standpoints, it is very desirable to develop a general methodology that can be used to determine the strain-softening response and characteristic damage properties (e.g. fracture energy, damage height) of quasi-brittle materials. In the absence of a direct methodology, one has to conduct multiple experiments combined with trial-and-error procedures and/or simplifying assumptions regarding the damaging behaviour of the material in order to construct a strain-softening curve.
In this study, a new methodology is developed that directly identifies the damaging constitutive response of composite materials using full-field measurements of kinematic variables. Using this methodology, the damage related properties can be extracted and the strain-softening response of composite materials under mode I loading can be obtained directly. Compared to other available indirect approaches, this method invokes fewer assumptions about the behaviour of the material and does not require any prior assumption regarding the shape of the constitutive response, as is required in other approaches.
A series of compact compression and over-height compact tension tests are conducted on IM7/8552 quasi-isotropic laminates. Using the digital image correlation technique, full-field displacement vectors of the specimen surface are measured in each test. Based on the acquired data and using the basic principles of mechanics (equilibrium and compatibility), a family of approximate stress-strain curves are obtained. These approximate curves are then used in an iterative process to determine the optimized strain-softening response of the laminate.
To validate the capability of the method to capture the local damaging behaviour of the composite laminate, a series of destructive tests such as deplying and sectioning are performed on the damaged specimens. The tested laminates are also simulated using finite element analyses of the specimens that employ the extracted strain-softening curve as input to a damage mechanics based material model. The proposed methodology provides insight into the details of damage propagation in composite materials and is a promising tool for characterizing the strain-softening behaviour of composite laminates in a relatively easy and direct manner.
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Widjanarko, Taufiq. "Hyperspectral interferometry for single-shot profilometry and depth-resolved displacement field measurement." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8349.
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A new approach to the absolute measurement of two-dimensional optical path differences is presented in this thesis. The method, which incorporates a white light interferometer and a hyperspectral imaging system, is referred to as Hyperspectral Interferometry. A prototype of the Hyperspectral Interferometry (HSI) system has been designed, constructed and tested for two types of measurement: for surface profilometry and for depth-resolved displacement measurement, both of which have been implemented so as to achieve single shot data acquisition. The prototype has been shown to be capable of performing a single-shot 3-D shape measurement of an optically-flat step-height sample, with less than 5% difference from the result obtained by a standard optical (microscope) based method. The HSI prototype has been demonstrated to be able to perform single-shot measurement with an unambiguous 352 (m depth range and a rms measurement error of around 80 nm. The prototype has also been tested to perform measurements on optically rough surfaces. The rms error of these measurements was found to increase to around 4× that of the smooth surface. For the depth-resolved displacement field measurements, an experimental setup was designed and constructed in which a weakly-scattering sample underwent simple compression with a PZT actuator. Depth-resolved displacement fields were reconstructed from pairs of hyperspectral interferograms. However, the experimental results did not show the expected result of linear phase variation with depth. Analysis of several possible causes has been carried out with the most plausible reasons being excessive scattering particle density inside the sample and the possibility of insignificant deformation of the sample due to insufficient physical contact between the transducer and the sample.
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Wei, Yukun. "Slope stability assessment through field monitoring." Thesis, KTH, Jord- och bergmekanik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239955.
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Deterministic methods have been used in geotechnical engineering for a long period, such as slope stability calculations. However, only applying deterministic methods is subjective and imperfect. There is a demand to develop a systematic methodology to link the assessed slope stability and field measurement data, which is also known as inverse analysis and forward calculation. Based on the Nya Slussen project, this thesis includes the development of a methodology, deterministic calculation for 4 cross sections using finite element program Plaxis 2D and probabilistic calculation for one section. Deterministic analyses showed satisfying results for all the studied cross sections since their factors of safety exceeded the minimum requirement. In probabilistic design, three parameters were found to have the most uncertainties through sensitivity analysis (undrained shear strength of clay, Young’s modulus of clay and friction angle of fill). Inverse analysis was done by testing different values of them in Plaxis and to try to match the displacement components provided by field measurement. After finding the best optimization for all the parameters, forward calculation gave a final factor of safety. It is suggested that both of the methods should be utilized together for better assessment.
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OYOLA, ANDRES M. VILLAFUERTE. "MODELING AND GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL FIELD OF TISSUE DISPLACEMENTS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1991. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25610@1.
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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO<br>A modelagem dos tecidos, assim como sua representação visual, tem sido objeto de estudos diversos ao longo dos últimos anos. Uma importante abordagem que serve como ponto de partida é efetuada por Mansfield (10-12), que utiliza a teoria dos campos de tensão aplicando-a ao estudo de membranas perfeitamente flexíveis.
O trabalho aqui apresentado, considera os tecidos como membranas inextensíveis com rigidez à flexão muito baixa. Com alguma restrições, a teoria dos campos de tensão é usada para modelas o comportamento de tecidos retangulares suspensos verticalmente. A equação diferencial das linhas de tensão fornece os deslocamentos e o perfil das dobras que ocorrem no tecido no estado pré-flambado. Posteriormente é feita a análise tridimensional dos deslocamentos, com o qual se consegue incluir o estado pós-flambado dos tecidos. É apresentado um sistema de equações que, resolvido iterativamente através de métodos numéricos simples, fornece as variáveis básicas do tecido: número de dobras (n), relação entre a amplitude das dobras do tecido (Q), e o deslocamento máximo na direção z (zmax).
Com a implementação e teste desta metodologia completa-se o ciclo de pesquisas. É conseguida uma representação onde as características de maleabilidade, caimento e número de dobras do tecido são modeladas, levando-se em consideração as suas características físicas (peso, elasticidade, etc.).<br>The modelling of clothes and its visual representation have been the subject of much research in the last years. An important approach that represents a first step for reaching this purpose was given by Mansfield (10-12), who uses the tension field theory applied to perfectly flexible membranes.
The present works regards clothes as inextensible membranes with extremely low stiffness flexure. After establishing some restrictions, the tension field theory is used for modelling the behaviour of vertically suspended rectangular fabrics. The differential equations of tension lines gives the displacement and the outline of the wrinkles occuring in the pre-wrinkling state. Later, a tridimensional analysis of displacements is made, which allows the representation of the post-wrinkling state of clothes. It is presented a system of equations which is iteratively solved by means of simple numerical methods and supplies the basic variables of clothes: number of wrinkles (n), ratio between amplitudes of wrinkles (Q), and the maximum displacement in z direction (zmax).
The implementation and test of this methodology complete the research cycle. Thus, it is possible to obtain cloth characteristics such as malleability, draping and number of wrinkles, based upon its physical characteristics (elasticity, weight, etc.).
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Tie, Hongguang. "Oil recovery by spontaneous imbibition and viscous displacement from mixed-wet carbonates." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1212796311&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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JIMENEZ, HERNAN RENATO GAVILANES. "ANALYSIS OF THE DISPLACEMENT FIELD IN THE STABILITY OF HIGH-RISE MINING SLOPES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1999. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=1250@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR<br>A avaliação da estabilidade do talude da Mina Robert
(Canadá) é feita através do campo de deslocamentos de
marcos superficiais e subsuperficiais e possíveis
mecanismos de ruptura obtidos a partir da análise tensão-
deformação usando-se o programa computacional FLAC (V.
3.30). Adotando-se o emprego dos modelos constitutivos
elástico perfeitamente plástico e elasto-plástico com
amolecimento, são calculados o fator de segurança e a
porcentagem da região de plastificação, e são definidas as
características de comportamento cinemático do talude sob
condições de carregamento gravitacional.
Apresenta-se um estudo de sensibilidade considerando-se
tensões cisalhantes e deslocamentos acumulados em função da
variação dos parâmetros do maciço rochoso e da inclinação
do talude, além de se analisar fatores associados à
definição dos mecanismos de ruptura em termos de tensão-
deformação.
Finalmente, são apresentadas as comparações entre os
fatores de segurança calculados em função dos resultados da
simulação numérica (FLAC) e os fatores de segurança
calculados por equilíbrio limite considerando-se as
superfícies potenciais de ruptura provenientes da modelagem
computacional.<br>The evaluation of the stability of the Robert Pit Mine
(Canada) is made through the field of
displacements of superficial and ground marks and possible
rupture mechanisms obtained
from the results of tension-deformation analysis by using
the program computational FLAC
(V. 3.30). Two constitutive models, the elastic perfectly
plastic model and elastic-plastic with
strain softening model, are used for the determination of
safety's factor and plastification area.
This work also defines the characteristics of cinematic
behavior of the rock slope under
gravitat ional condit ions.
A sensibility study is realized considering shear stress
and displacements in function of the
variation of the rock parameters and of the inclination of
the slope. The analysis of the factors
associated to the definition of the rupture mechanisms in
tension-deformation terms is also
done.
Finally, the comparisons are presented among safety's
factors calculated in function of the
results of the numerical analysis (FLAC) and safety's
factors calculated by limit equilibrium
methods in function of the potential rupture surfaces of
the computational model.<br>La evaluación de estabilidad del talud de la Mina Robert (Canadá) se realiza a través del campo de deslocamientos
de marcos superficiales y subsuperficiales y posibles mecanismos de ruptura obtenidos a partir del análisis
tensión-deformación utilizando el programa computacional FLAC (V. 3.30). Se adopta el empleo de los modelos
constitutivos elástico perfectamente plástico y elasto-plástico con ablandamiento. Se calculan el factor de
seguridad y el portentaje de la región de plastificación, y son definidas las características de comportamiento
cinemático del talud bajo condiciones de recarga gravitacional. Se presenta un estudio de sensibilidad
considerando las tensiones cisallantes y deslocamientos acumulados en función de la variación de los parámetros
del macizo rocoso y de la inclinación del talud, además de nalisa factores asociados a la definición de los
mecanismos de ruptura en términos de tensión - deformación. Finalmente, se presentan las comparaciones entre
los factores de seguridad calculados en función de los resultados de la simulación numérica (FLAC) y los factores
de seguridad calculados por equilibrio límite considerando las superfícies potenciales de ruptura provenientes del
modelo computacional.
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Barnhart, Donald H. "Whole-field holographic measurements of three-dimensional displacement in solid and fluid mechanics." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/34516.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis reports on the development of two, conceptually different, holographic measurement systems for the study of three-dimensional displacement and velocity fields. The first approach reported in this thesis is an intensity correlation-based holographic velocimetry system that employs a reference-multiplexed, off-axis geometry for determining velocity directions using the cross-correlation technique, and a stereo camera geometry for determining three-dimensional fluid velocity fields. The pulsed-laser recording system produces three-dimensional particle images with resolution, signal-to- noise ratio, accuracy and derived velocity fields that are comparable to high-quality two-dimensional photographic PIV (particle image velocimetry). The high image resolution is accomplished by using low f-number optics, a fringe-stabilized processing chemistry, and a phase conjugate play-back geometry that compensates for aberrations in the imaging system. This holographic velocimetry system is then used to successfully measure the volumetric, three-dimensional velocity field of an air nozzle jet flow. In this experiment, more than five million three-dimensional velocity vectors are successfully identified within a single hologram result.
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Kang, Kingston. "ESTIMATING THE RESPIRATORY LUNG MOTION MODEL USING TENSOR DECOMPOSITION ON DISPLACEMENT VECTOR FIELD." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5254.
Full textAbstract:
Modern big data often emerge as tensors. Standard statistical methods are inadequate to deal with datasets of large volume, high dimensionality, and complex structure. Therefore, it is important to develop algorithms such as low-rank tensor decomposition for data compression, dimensionality reduction, and approximation.
With the advancement in technology, high-dimensional images are becoming ubiquitous in the medical field. In lung radiation therapy, the respiratory motion of the lung introduces variabilities during treatment as the tumor inside the lung is moving, which brings challenges to the precise delivery of radiation to the tumor. Several approaches to quantifying this uncertainty propose using a model to formulate the motion through a mathematical function over time. [Li et al., 2011] uses principal component analysis (PCA) to propose one such model using each image as a long vector. However, the images come in a multidimensional arrays, and vectorization breaks the spatial structure. Driven by the needs to develop low-rank tensor decomposition and provided the 4DCT and Displacement Vector Field (DVF), we introduce two tensor decompositions, Population Value Decomposition (PVD) and Population Tucker Decomposition (PTD), to estimate the respiratory lung motion with high levels of accuracy and data compression. The first algorithm is a generalization of PVD [Crainiceanu et al., 2011] to higher order tensor. The second algorithm generalizes the concept of PVD using Tucker decomposition. Both algorithms are tested on clinical and phantom DVFs. New metrics for measuring the model performance are developed in our research. Results of the two new algorithms are compared to the result of the PCA algorithm.
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Razavi, Mohammad Reza. "Characterization of microstructure and internal displacement field of sand using X-ray computed tomography." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Fall2006/M_Razavi_121206.pdf.
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Leckar, Hamilton F., and Rubens Sampaio. "Problems in incompressible linear elasticity involving tangential and normal components of the displacement field." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/96316.
Full textAbstract:
We consider the linear system -∆ u + grad p = f plus the divergence-free condition div u = O, in a bounded and conected but non simply connected open set Ω of R³, with a boundary ᴦ of C∞ class. Using orthogonal decompositions of the Hilbert space of square integrable vector fields on Ω, we show well posedness for two boundary value problems involving normal or tangential components of the displacement field on ᴦ.
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Mwangi, Annabel Namik. "Refugees and the state in Kenya : the politics of identity, rights and displacement." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:bc15ce78-28c0-421f-b639-61ce55f646d3.
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The thesis provides an empirical basis for understanding state behaviour towards refugees by focusing on refugees in Kakuma Camp, Kenya. It compares and contrasts the experiences of encamped refugees with the experiences of Kenyans outside the camp, stressing the need to understand the socio-political context within which displacement and protection occurs. The study describes the processes of state formation in Kenya and the evolution of particular understandings of citizenship and membership. It argues that the state in Africa has, inherent within its foundations, exclusionary and discriminatory practices, which affect both citizens and noncitizens. These result in multiple sites of inclusion and exclusion based on membership of a variety of shifting groups, categories and networks. This observation suggests the need to re-evaluate our understanding of the dominant analytical concepts of 'state' as 'protector' and 'citizen' as 'insider' thus far used to address the issue of entitlement to rights, around which the refugee regime has been constructed. The thesis also underscores the importance of breaking out of the 'territorial trap', calling attention to the growing importance of international and transnational actors in defining the actions of the state and the direction of domestic policy. It points out that as refugees are progressively excluded from the realm of the nation-state, they increasingly turn to the international community, represented by international humanitarian actors, for recognition. This contributes to the marginalisation of the state in the management of refugee affairs, which has a negative impact both on the protection of refugee rights and the credibility of the state in the eyes of its citizens. In response to this development, the thesis questions the legitimacy and accountability of international humanitarian actors and emphasises the importance of bringing the state back into the centre of the refugee protection regime.
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Ling, Hong. "Implementation of Stochastic Neural Networks for Approximating Random Processes." Master's thesis, Lincoln University. Environment, Society and Design Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080108.124352/.
Full textAbstract:
Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) can be viewed as a mathematical model to simulate natural and biological systems on the basis of mimicking the information processing methods in the human brain. The capability of current ANNs only focuses on approximating arbitrary deterministic input-output mappings. However, these ANNs do not adequately represent the variability which is observed in the systems natural settings as well as capture the complexity of the whole system behaviour. This thesis addresses the development of a new class of neural networks called Stochastic Neural Networks (SNNs) in order to simulate internal stochastic properties of systems. Developing a suitable mathematical model for SNNs is based on canonical representation of stochastic processes or systems by means of Karhunen-Loève Theorem. Some successful real examples, such as analysis of full displacement field of wood in compression, confirm the validity of the proposed neural networks. Furthermore, analysis of internal workings of SNNs provides an in-depth view on the operation of SNNs that help to gain a better understanding of the simulation of stochastic processes by SNNs.
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Johnson, Ward A. "Anisotropic acid catalyst displacement in a chemically amplified photoresist via application of an electric field /." Online version of thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/11620.
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Peroz, Ingrid. "Untersuchungen zur Diskusverlagerung ohne Reposition am Kiefergelenk." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=972589163.
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Müller, Uwe Christian [Verfasser]. "Structural Monitoring and Displacement Field Estimation based on Distributed Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors / Uwe Christian Müller." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1011441764/34.
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Grinberg, Farida. "Reorientations mediated by translational displacements in confined liquid crystals studied by field cycling NMR relaxometry and Monte Carlo simulations: Reorientations mediated by translational displacements in confinedliquid crystals studied by field cycling NMR relaxometry and Monte Carlo simulations." Diffusion fundamentals 6 (2007) 73, S. 1-9, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14253.
Full textAbstract:
Ordering effects and low-frequency molecular dynamics in the nematic liquid crystals confined in mesoscopic pores was studied with the help of field cycling (FC) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry and Monte Carlo simulations. Proton relaxation rates were measured above the bulk isotropisation temperature in the broad frequency range between 2 kHz and 7 MHz. The average pore radii of confinements were between 1.5 and 15 nanometers. The relaxation dispersion curves in the confined materials exhibited strong deviations from the behaviour in bulk. In a few kHz range, a dramatic enhancement of the relaxation rates exceeding two
orders of magnitude compared to the bulk sample was observed. The low-frequency value of the relaxation rate exhibited a strong dependence on the pore size. Experimental findings were interpreted in terms of the surface induced orientational order and diffusion between the sites with different orientations of local directors. The analysis was supported by Monte Carlo simulations of the reorientations mediated by translational displacements (RMTD) in spherical cavities.
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Kajberg, Jörgen. "Displacement field measurement using digital speckle photography for characterisation of materials subjected to large deformations and high strain rates /." Luleå, 2003. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2003/35.
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Parker, John Wesley. "Development and implementation of a low cost image correlation system to obtain full-field in-plane displacement and strain data." Thesis, Montana State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2009/parker/ParkerJ0509.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
When using multi-axial testing, obtaining in-plane strain and displacement data can be difficult and costly. Montana State University's In Plane Loader (IPL) can apply any number of loads in the X and Y axes and as rotation but can only provide the displacement data at the grips. This project uses a Canon consumer-model digital single lens reflex camera and a series of matlab codes to provide in-plane displacement and strain data at as many points on the surface of the loaded specimen as required using Digital Image Correlation. The system has been successfully used to measure surface and boundary displacements on composite and aluminum samples, as well as on glued aluminum joints. The software system has been shown to estimate strains with a strain error of less then 0.0002 m/m or ±0.5% placing it within ASTM-B2 classification. It also has been shown to measure displacements to within 0.02 pixels accuracy, which for tests on the IPL translates to 0.007mm. The hardware/software system has also been used with the IPL to estimate Young's modulus of aluminum with less then 5% error and yield strength with just over 10% error.
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Mendelsohn, Joshua B. "Is forced displacement a barrier to acceptable outcomes among refugees on antiretroviral therapy? : a field-study in Malaysia and Kenya." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4646549/.
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In response to a major gap in evidence regarding treatment outcomes among asylum-based refugees. the primary objective of the thesis was to investigate adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and virological outcomes among refugees and to compare these outcomes with local host communities in one urban, Southeast Asia setting (Sungai Buloh, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia) and one remote sub-Saharan refugee camp (Kakuma. Kenya) setting. Given limited resources for expanding treatment, questions have been raised as to whether refugees can achieve sufficient levels of adherence and viral suppression to justify sustaining and expanding access. Data sources included a structured questionnaire with self-reported adherence measures, a pharmacy-based prescription refill measure, HIV viral loads, and indepth interviews. Analyses made use of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The thesis begins by presenting the rationale, aims, research questions, and a description of preparatory work. Paper One presents the results of a systematic review of the literature on adherence to HAART and treatment outcomes among conflict-affected and forcibly displaced populations. finding only 17 reports, five of which included less than < 100 clients, adherence estimates in the range of 87-99.5%, and good treatment outcomes. Papers Two and Three present the quantitative findings from both settings, finding no differences in outcomes between refugees and the host community in either setting, but a large difference between the settings. In Malaysia, 83% of clients on HAART for 2:25 weeks were suppressed while only II % were suppressed in Kenya. Female sex, longer time from HIV diagnosis to HAART start, and optimal adherence pharmacy refill schedule were protective in the Malaysian setting while temporary migration for 2: I month (in the previous year) and 2: I hour average transit time to clinic were independent risk factors. Larger household sizes were protective in the Kenyan setting. Paper Four offers an account of patient experiences based on the qualitative findings from both settings, and suggests that systemic barriers and resilient strategies were prevalent in both settings; however. intensive systemic barriers appeared to overwhelm personal resilience in the camp setting. Paper Five positions the work in the context of previous and future research and makes recommendations for programs and policy. The thesis concludes by suggesting that. just as good treatment outcomes were shown to be achievable in a range of forcibly displaced groups. asylum-based refugees were also capable of treatment success and maintain outcomes similar to those of the host communities. There is a clear public health and humanitarian interest in guaranteeing access to ART, promoting optimal adherence. and sustaining viral suppression in all who are in need of treatment. When problems in achieving and sustaining viral suppression occurred, they were not typically due to previous forced displacement, or refugee status itself. Overall, refugees ought to have equal access to HIV treatment based on the principles of fairness, human rights, and individual and population-based public health benefits. Since HIV-positive individuals on HAART with good adherence will rarely transmit HIV to their sexual partners, it is in the enlightened self-interest of host country governments to support HIV programs that serve HIV -positive refugees and host clients equally.
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Oesterle, Michael Gerhardt. "Use of Incremental Dynamic Analysis to Assess the Performance of Steel Moment-Resisting Frames with Fluid Viscous Dampers." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31536.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents the results of a study that uses Incremental Dynamic Analysis to assess the seismic performance of steel moment-resisting frames with fluid viscous dampers subjected to earthquake ground motions. The study systematically investigated the effects of linear and nonlinear dampers on the response of steel moment-resisting frames to earthquakes that varied in intensity and type. Both near-field and far-field motions were considered. Two different types of nonlinear dampers were investigated; one had a hardening and the other had a softening force-velocity relationship. The nonlinear dampers were calibrated to the linear dampers so that there was a basis of comparison. Maximum damper displacement is one of the parameters of the calibration, and it was varied to investigate its effect on structural response. Several nonlinear inelastic time history analyses were performed to obtain responses, such as peak base shear, peak interstory drift, or residual displacement index, which were plotted versus earthquake intensity to create individual IDA curves. Sets of related IDA curves provide a useful summary of the structural behavior for a wide range of variables. IDA curves for the tests with different damping types are presented. The results show that for both near-field and far-field ground motions the nonlinear dampers with a hardening force-velocity relationship are best suited to reduce undesirable drifts and residual displacements; however, these reductions come at the cost of high base shear forces.<br>Master of Science
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Grinberg, Farida. "Reorientations mediated by translational displacements in confined liquid crystals studied by field cycling NMR relaxometry and Monte Carlo simulations." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-194134.
Full textAbstract:
Ordering effects and low-frequency molecular dynamics in the nematic liquid crystals confined in mesoscopic pores was studied with the help of field cycling (FC) Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) relaxometry and Monte Carlo simulations. Proton relaxation rates were measured above the bulk isotropisation temperature in the broad frequency range between 2 kHz and 7 MHz. The average pore radii of confinements were between 1.5 and 15 nanometers. The relaxation dispersion curves in the confined materials exhibited strong deviations from the behaviour in bulk. In a few kHz range, a dramatic enhancement of the relaxation rates exceeding two
orders of magnitude compared to the bulk sample was observed. The low-frequency value of the relaxation rate exhibited a strong dependence on the pore size. Experimental findings were interpreted in terms of the surface induced orientational order and diffusion between the sites with different orientations of local directors. The analysis was supported by Monte Carlo simulations of the reorientations mediated by translational displacements (RMTD) in spherical cavities.
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Basirat, Farzad. "Process Models for CO2 Migration and Leakage : Gas Transport, Pore-Scale Displacement and Effects of Impurities." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-315490.
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Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) is considered as one of the key techniques to reduce the rate of atmospheric emissions of CO2 and thereby to contribute to controlling the global warming. A successful application of a GCS project requires the capability of the formation to trap CO2 for a long term. In this context, processes related to CO2 trapping and also possible leakage of CO2 to the near surface environment need to be understood. The overall aim of this thesis is to understand the flow and transport of CO2 through porous media in the context of geological storage of CO2. The entire range of scales, including the pore scale, the laboratory scale, the field experiment scale and the industrial scale of CO2 injection operation are addressed, and some of the key processes investigated by means of experiments and modeling. First, a numerical model and laboratory experimental setup were developed to investigate the CO2 gas flow, mimicking the system in the near-surface conditions in case a leak from the storage formation should occur. The system specifically addressed the coupled flow and mass transport of gaseous CO2 both in the porous domain as well as the free flow domain above it. The comparison of experiments and modelling results showed a very good agreement indicating that the model developed can be applied to evaluate monitoring and surface detection of potential CO2 leakage. Second, the field scale CO2 injection test carried out in a shallow aquifer in Maguelone, France was analyzed and modeled. The results showed that Monte Carlo simulations accounting for the heterogeneity effects of the permeability field did capture the key observations of the monitoring data, while a homogeneous model could not represent them. Third, a numerical model based on phase-field method was developed and model simulations carried out addressing the effect of wettability on CO2-brine displacement at the pore-scale. The results show that strongly water-wet reservoirs provide a better potential for the dissolution trapping, due to the increase of interface between CO2 and brine with very low contact angles. The results further showed that strong water-wet conditions also imply a strong capillary effect, which is important for residual trapping of CO2. Finally, numerical model development and model simulations were carried out to address the large scale geological storage of CO2 in the presence of impurity gases in the CO2 rich phase. The results showed that impurity gases N2 and CH4 affected the spatial distribution of the gas (the supercritical CO2 rich phase), and a larger volume of reservoir is needed in comparison to the pure CO2 injection scenario. In addition, the solubility trapping significantly increased in the presence of N2 and CH4.
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Brooker, Caden B. "Field Experimentation and Finite Element Analysis of Prominent Drive-by Bridge Inspection Techniques." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617056113435238.
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Shu, Biao. "Rock Slope Stability Investigations In Three Dimensions For A Part Of An Open Pit Mine In USA." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/338701.
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Traditional slope stability analysis and design methods, such as limit equilibrium method and continuum numerical methods have limitations in investigating three dimensional large scale rock slope stability problems in open pit mines associated with stress concentrations and deformations arising due to intersection of many complex major discontinuity structures and irregular topographies. Analytical methods are limited to investigating kinematics and limit equilibrium conditions based on rigid body analyses. Continuum numerical methods fail to simulate the detachment of rock blocks and large displacements and rotations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to try some new methods to have a deeper understanding of the open pit mine rock slope stability problems. The intact rock properties and discontinuity properties for both DRC and DP rock formations that exist in the selected open pit mine were determined from tests conducted on rock samples collected from the mine site. Special survey equipment (Professor Kulatilake owns) which has a total station, laser scanner and a camera was used to perform remote fracture mapping in the research area selected at the mine site. From remote fracture mapping data, the fracture orientation, spacing and density were calculated in a much refined way in this dissertation compared to what exist in the literature. Discontinuity orientation distributions obtained through remote fracture mapping agreed very well with the results of manual fracture mapping conducted by the mining company. This is an important achievement in this dissertation compared to what exist in the literature. GSI rock quality system and Hoek-Brown failure criteria were used to estimate the rock mass properties combining the fracture mapping results with laboratory test results of intact rock samples. Fault properties and the DRC-DP contact properties were estimated based on the laboratory discontinuity test results. A geological model was built in a 3DEC model including all the major faults, DRC-DP contact, and two stages of rock excavation. The built major discontinuity system of 44 faults in 3DEC with their real orientations, locations and three dimensional extensions were validated successfully using the fault geometry data provided by the mining company using seven cross sections. This was a major accomplishment in this dissertation because it was done for the first time in the world. Numerical modeling was conducted to study the effect of boundary conditions, fault system and lateral stress ratio on the stability of the considered rock slope. For the considered section of the rock slope, the displacements obtained through stress boundary conditions were seemed more realistic than that obtained through zero velocity boundary conditions (on all four lateral faces). The fault system was found to play an important role with respect to rock slope stability. Stable deformation distributions were obtained for k₀ in the range of 0.4 to 0.7. Because the studied rock mass is quite stable, it seems that an appropriate range for k₀ for this rock mass is between 0.4 and 0.7. Seven monitoring points were selected from the deformation monitoring conducted at the open pit mine site by the mining company using a robotic total station to compare with numerical predictions. The displacements occurred between July 2011 and July 2012 due to the nearby rock mass excavation that took place during the same period were compared between the field monitoring results and the predicted numerical modeling results; a good agreement was obtained. This is a huge success in this dissertation because such a comparison was done for the first time in the world. In overall, the successful simulation of the rock excavation during a certain time period indicated the possibility of using the procedure developed in this dissertation to investigate rock slope stability with respect to expected future rock excavations in mine planning.
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Raikar, S. V. "Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression." Diss., Lincoln University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/301.
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Lolium perenne is one of the most important forage crops globally and in New Zealand. Lotus corniculatus is a dicotyledonous forage that contains valuable traits such as high levels of condensed tannins, increased digestibility, and high nitrogen fixing abilities. However, conventional breeding between these two forage crops is impossible due to their markedly different taxonomic origin. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) provides an opportunity for gene introgression between these two species. This thesis describes the somatic hybridisation, the regeneration and the molecular analysis of the putative somatic hybrid plants obtained between L. perenne and L. corniculatus. Callus and cell suspensions of different cultivars of L. perenne were established from immature embryos and plants were regenerated from the callus. Of the 10 cultivars screened, cultivars Bronsyn and Canon had the highest percentage of callus induction at 36% each on 5 mg/L 2,4-D. Removal of the palea and lemma which form the seed coat was found to increase callus induction ability of the embryos. Plant regeneration from the callus was achieved when the callus was plated on LS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators at different concentrations. Variable responses to shoot regeneration was observed between the different cultivars with the cv Kingston having the lowest frequency of shoot formation (12%). Different factors affecting the protoplast isolation of L. perenne were investigated. The highest protoplast yield of 10×10⁶ g⁻¹FW was obtained when cell suspensions were used as the tissue source, with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. Development of microcolonies was only achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. All the shoots regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli were albino shoots. The highest protoplast yield (7×10⁶ g⁻¹FW) of L. corniculatus was achieved from cotyledons also with enzyme combination 'A' (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. The highest plating efficiency for L. corniculatus of 1.57 % was achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (46%) was achieved when calli were plated on LS medium with NAA (0.1 mg/L) and BA (0.1 mg/L). Protoplast fusion between L. perenne and L. corniculatus was performed using the asymmetric somatic hybridisation technique using PEG as the fusogen. L. perenne protoplasts were treated with 0.1 mM IOA for 15 min and L. corniculatus protoplasts were treated with UV at 0.15 J/cm² for 10 min. Various parameters affecting the fusion percentage were investigated. Successful fusions were obtained when the fusions were conducted on a plastic surface with 35% PEG (3350 MW) for 25 min duration, followed by 100 mM calcium chloride treatment for 25 min. A total of 14 putative fusion colonies were recovered. Shoots were regenerated from 8 fusion colonies. Unexpectedly, the regenerated putative hybrid plants resembled L. corniculatus plants. The flow cytometric profile of the putative somatic hybrids resembled that of L. corniculatus. Molecular analysis using SD-AFLP, SCARs and Lolium specific chloroplast microsatellite markers suggest that the putative somatic hybrids could be L. corniculatus escapes from the asymmetric protoplast fusion process. This thesis details a novel Whole Genome Amplification technique for plants using Strand Displacement Amplification technique.
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Bull, James. "Application of Quantum Mechanics to Fundamental Interactions in Chemical Physics: Studies of Atom-Molecule and Ion-Molecule Interactions Under Single-Collision Conditions: Crossed Molecular Beams; Single-Crystal Mössbauer Spectroscopy: Microscopic Tensor Properties of ⁵⁷Fe Sites in Inorganic Ferrous High-Spin Compounds." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Chemistry, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4292.
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As part of this project and in preparation for future experimental studies of gas-phase ion-molecule reactions, extensive modification and characterization of the crossed molecular beam machine in the Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury has been carried out. This instrument has been configured and some
preliminary testing completed to enable the future study of gas-phase ion-molecule collisions of H⁺₃ and Y⁻ (Y
= F, Cl, Br) with dipole-oriented CZ₃X (Z = H, F and X = F, Cl, Br). Theoretical calculations (ab initio
and density functional theory) are reported on previously experimentally characterized Na + CH₃NO₂, Na + CH₃NC, and K + CH₃NC systems, and several other systems of relevance. All gas-phase experimental and theoretical studies have the common theme of studying collision orientation dependence of reaction under singlecollision
conditions. Experimental measurements, theoretical simulations and calculations are also reported on some selected ferrous (Fe²⁺) high-spin (S=2) crystals, in an attempt to resolve microscopic contributions of two fundamental macroscopic tensor properties: the electric-field gradient (efg); and the mean square displacement (msd) in the case when more than one symmetry related site of low local point-group symmetry contributes to the same quadrupole doublet. These determinations have been made using the nuclear spectroscopic technique of Mössbauer spectroscopy, and complemented with X-ray crystallographic measurements.
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Wei, Guoqiang. "Towards overall adaptive modeling based on solid-shell and solid-beam approaches for the static and dynamic finite element analysis of structures." Thesis, Compiègne, 2021. https://bibliotheque.utc.fr/Default/doc/SYRACUSE/2021COMP2618.
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La méthode des éléments finis est couramment utilisée depuis les années 1970 pour prédire le comportement de structures telles que des automobiles, des avions, des machines, des ponts ou des bâtiments. Les choix de modélisation sont essentiels afin de construire un modèle représentatif, tout en maîtrisant le nombre de degrés de liberté. De nombreux travaux ont cherché à optimiser le modèle d’un point de vue du maillage en proposant notamment des techniques de maillage adaptatif. En revanche, concernant le choix de théorie, peu de travaux ont été menés pour obtenir un modèle éléments finis optimal. Dans le contexte de l’analyse linéaire statique et vibratoire, cette thèse a pour objectif de proposer une méthodologie de modélisation adaptative afin d’obtenir un modèle éléments finis optimal d’un point de vue du choix de théorie. Le maillage, composé uniquement d’éléments volumiques, est raffiné à chaque itération de la méthodologie. Un choix approprié entre les théories de poutre, de coque et d’élasticité 3D est effectué sur chaque élément fini à l’issue de chaque analyse. Dans les zones où les théories de poutre ou de coque sont pertinentes, des champs de déplacements spécifiques sont appliqués. De nouvelles approches volume-coque et volume-poutre, basées respectivement sur la théorie des coques et la théorie des poutres, sont développées à cet effet. Pour chacune de ces approches, des théories de premier ordre et d’ordre supérieur sont proposées. Dans ces zones l’application de relations cinématiques aux noeuds du maillage volumique, se traduisant par des équations linéaires, mène à une réduction du nombre de degrés de liberté. Dans le cadre de l’analyse statique et vibratoire, plusieurs exemples sont traités pour évaluer la méthodologie de modélisation adaptative. Les résultats numériques obtenus sont toujours très proches de ceux d’un modèle volumique de référence et la modélisation adaptative mène à une réduction significative de la taille du modèle<br>The finite element method has been widely used since the 1970s to predict the behavior of structures such as automobiles, airplanes, machines, bridges or buildings. The modeling choices are essential to build a representative model and control the number of degrees of freedom. Many works have sought to optimize the model from a mesh point of view, namely by proposing adaptive meshing techniques. On the other hand, concerning the theory choice, seldom work has been carried out to obtain an optimal finite element model. In the context of static and vibratory linear analysis, this thesis aims to propose an adaptive modeling methodology in order to obtain an optimal finite element model from the theory choice point of view. The mesh, composed only of solid elements, is refined at each iteration of the methodology. An appropriate choice between beam, shell and 3D elasticity theories is made on each finite element of the model at each analysis. In areas where beam or shell theories are relevant, specific displacement fields are applied. New solid-shell and solid-beam approaches, based respectively on shell theory and beam theory, have been developed for this purpose. For each of these two approaches, first-order and higher-order theories are proposed. In these areas, the application of kinematic relations at nodes of the solid mesh, by using linear equations, leads to a reduction of the number of degrees of freedom. In the context of static and vibratory analysis, several examples are treated to evaluate the methodology of adaptive modeling. The numerical results obtained are always very close to those of a reference solid model and the adaptive modeling method leads to a significant reduction in the model size
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sayah, nahla K. "A study of errors for 4D lung dose calculation." VCU Scholars Compass, 2015. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3730.
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To estimate the delivered dose to the patient during intra-fraction or throughout the whole treatment, it is important to determine the contribution of dose accumulated at different patient geometries to the overall dose. Dose mapping utilizes deformable image registration to map doses deposited on patient geometries at different times. Inputs to the dose mapping process are the irradiated and reference images, the displacement vector field, and a dose mapping algorithm. Thus accuracy of the mapped dose depends on the DVF and dose mapping algorithm. Dose mapping had been the subject of many research studies however, up to now there is no gold standard DIR or dose mapping algorithm. This thesis compares current dose mapping algorithms under different conditions such as choosing the planning target and dose grid size, and introduces new tool to estimate the required spatial accuracy of a DVF. 11 lung patients were used for this thesis work. IMRT plans were generated on the end of inhale breathing phases with 66 Gy as the prescription dose. Demons DVF’s were generated using the Pinnacle treatment planning system DIR interface. Dtransform, Tri-linear with sub-voxel division, and Pinnacle dose mapping algorithms were compared to energy transfer with mass sub-voxel mapping. For breathing phase 50% on 11 patients, tissue density gradients were highest around the edge of the tumor compared to the CTV and the PTV edge voxels. Thus treatment plans generated with margin equal to zero on the tumor might yield the highest dose mapping error (DME). For plans generated on the tumor, there was no clinical effect of DME on the MLD, lung V20, and Esophagus volume indices. Statistically, MLD and lung V20 DME were significant. Two patients had D98 Pinnacle-DME of 4.4 and 1.2 Gy. In high dose gradient regions DVF spatial accuracy of ~ 1 mm is needed while 8 to 10 mm DVF accuracy can be tolerated before introducing any considerable dose mapping errors inside the CTV. By using ETM with mass sub-voxel mapping and adapting the reported DVF accuracy, the findings of this thesis have the potential to increase the accuracy of 4D lung planning.
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Husseini, Hassan Al. "Adaptation de la méthode de corrélation d'images numériques pour la gestion des discontinuités du milieu et de la transformation." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2270/document.
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Le travail présenté dans ce mémoire consiste à adapter la méthode de corrélation d'images numériques (CIN) pour la gestion des discontinuités du milieu et de la transformation. Le cadre d'utilisation des méthodes optiques de mesure i.e. celui de la mécanique des milieux continus, impose une continuité matérielle : i) du domaine et ii) de la transformation. Pour traiter les discontinuités en question, on peut reconsidérer la continuité (milieu et transformation) par morceaux. Dans le cadre de la CIN, cela se traduit par la possibilité d'adapter localement la forme et la taille des fenêtres de corrélation à la zone d'intérêt et à sa cinématique. Pour ce faire, il est possible d'utiliser des masques : un masque-objet pour traiter les discontinuités du milieu et un masque-discontinuité pour traiter les discontinuités de la transformation. Cependant, avant l'implémentation des masques dans la procédure de corrélation, plusieurs essais expérimentaux de déplacement sur des modèles comportant les deux types de discontinuité, ont été conduits. Ces essais ont permis de prouver l'influence des discontinuités sur la dégradation de la précision de mesure par CIN. Ensuite, des essais de traction ont été menés sur une éprouvette en polycarbonate conduisant à un mode I d'ouverture ou de fermeture de fissure. Après l'implémentation des masques dans le logiciel de corrélation Correla, le calcul des champs de déplacement et de déformation a été opéré avec succès à la surface de cette éprouvette, démontrant ainsi l'efficacité de la CIN adaptée<br>The development of the digital image correlation method (DIC) for the management of discontinuities of the material and the transformation is discussed in this thesis. As we know, the framework for the use of the optical measurement methods i.e. of continuum mechanics requires a continuity of: i) domain and ii) transformation. To treat those discontinuities, we can consider a piecewise continuity (material and transformation). In the case of DIC method, this can be done by adapting locally the shape and size of the correlation subsets to the zone of interest and its kinematics. A novel way to do it, is by using masks: an object mask to process material discontinuities and a discontinuity mask to process transformation discontinuities. However before the implementation of masks in the correlation process, several experimental displacement tests on models reproducing the two types of discontinuity at small scale were performed. Those tests proved the influence of discontinuities on the degradation of the measurement accuracy by DIC. Then, tensile tests were conducted on a polycarbonate made specimen knowing a mode I opening or closing crack. After implementing masks in the correlation software Correla, the calculation of displacement and deformation fields was successfully performed on the surface of this specimen for all its edges, demonstrating the effectiveness of the adapted DIC
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Tseng, Jung-Kai. "Enhanced Dielectric Properties of Multilayer Capacitor Film via Interfacial Polarization." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1449137228.
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Laforgue, Laure. "Migration de cellules cancéreuses dans des gels de collagène 3D." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAY093/document.
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Au cours du développement du cancer, la migration des cellules cancéreuse en 3D joue un rôle essentiel dans le processus de dissémination des métastases. L’étude de la migration cellulaire dans des matrices 3D ainsi que les conséquences induites sur cette matrice sont actuellement étudiées par plusieurs équipes de recherche. Notamment, la réorganisation de la matrice extracellulaire et plus précisément les déplacements des fibres de la matrice induits par les forces que la cellule exerce sont des études en plein essor. Nous avons étudié comment les cellules cancéreuses migrent dans des gels 3D en utilisant du collagène et de la fibronectine pour mimer la matrice extracellulaire des tissus. Nous avons utilisé un microscope confocal afin de visualiser le cytosquelette d’actine des cellules en fluorescence et les fibres de collagène en réflexion. Dans ce travail,nous avons utilisé différentes concentrations de collagène et des lignées cellulaires d’invasivités différentes. A partir des films 3D obtenus en microscopie, nous avons déterminé la vitesse et la persistance des cellules cancéreuses en fonction de leur invasivité et de la concentration de collagène. La vitesse augmente avec l’invasivité cellulaire et diminue avec l’augmentation de la concentration en collagène. La persistance ne dépend que de la concentration en collagène et décroit avec celle-ci. Nous avons également calculé les champs de déplacement des fibres de collagène à l’aide d’un programme de corrélation de volume. Nous avons pu étudier ces champs de déplacement en fonction du type de migration de la cellule, de l’invasivité cellulaire et de la concentration en collagène des gels. Nous avons montré que les normes de vecteurs de déplacement augmentent avec l’invasivité cellulaire et diminuent avec l’augmentation de concentration en collagène. Enfin, ces champs de déplacement nous ont permis de déterminer les étapes des migrations mésenchymateuse et amiboïde en 3D. Nous avons découvert 5 étapes pour la migration mésenchymateuse correspondant au repos de la cellule, à la création d’une extension membranaire, à l’adhésion de la cellule aux fibres, au détachement de l’arrière du corps cellulaire afin de permettre à la cellule de migrer et à la dissolution de l’adhésion cellule/fibre. 4 étapes ont été déterminées pour la migration amiboïde et correspondent au repos de la cellule, à la création d’une extension membranaire, au déplacement de la cellule en poussant sur son environnement et à la rotation de la cellule. Ces étapes associées à des champs de déplacement sont en accord avec la littérature et nous avons pu mettre en évidence de nouvelles étapes comme la rotation de la cellule dans la migration amiboïde.Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre comment se déroule la migration des cellules cancéreuses dans une matrice extracellulaire<br>3D migration of cancer cells plays an essential role in the dissemination of cells during metastasisin cancer. The behavior of cancer cells migrating in a 3D extracellular matrix and its consequences on themicroenvironment are still currently under investigation. The study of the reorganization of the extracellular matrixfibers and more precisely how the fibers move due to the forces that the cell exerts just start to be investigating.We studied how cancer cells migrate in 3D gels using collagen and fibronectin to mimic the extracellularmatrix. We used confocal microscopy to image the actin cytoskeleton of cells in fluorescence and fibers in reflectionover time. In our studies, we used different collagen concentrations and cell lines with different invasivities. Fromthese 3D movies, we determined cancer cell velocities and persistence as a function of collagen gel concentration aswell as cell invasiveness. The cells velocities increase with invasiveness and decrease with collagen concentration.As for persistence, it decreases with collagen concentration but it do not change with cells invasiveness. We alsocalculated the displacement field of the collagen using a volume correlation program. Using this information, westudied the fibers displacement induced by the cell depending on its migration type, its invasivity and the collagenconcentration. We showed norms of fibers deplacement vectors increase with cell invasiveness and decrease withcollagen concentration. Finally, the displacement fields enabled us to determine the migration steps of mesenchymaland amiboid migrations. We discovered 5 steps in mesenchymal migration : cell rest, creation of extension, adhesionof the cell to the fibers, detachment of the cell rear and dissolution of cell/fibers adhesions. 4 steps have beencharacterized in amiboid migration : cell rest, creation of extension, displacement of the cell by pushing on fibersand rotation of the cell. These steps associated with displacement fields are in agreement with litterature and wehighlighted new steps as the rotation of the cell in amiboid migration.Taken together these results enable us to better understand how the migration of cancer cells takes place in a3D matrix
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Chee, Clinton Yat Kuan. "STATIC SHAPE CONTROL OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATE SMART STRUCTURE USING PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS ©." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/709.
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The application of static shape control was investigated in this thesis particularly for a composite plate configuration using piezoelectric actuators. A new electro-mechanically coupled mathematical model was developed for the analysis and is based on a third order displacement field coupled with a layerwise electric potential concept. This formulation, TODL, is then implemented into a finite element program. The mathematical model represents an improvement over existing formulations used to model intelligent structures using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. The reason is TODL does not only account for the electro-mechanical coupling within the adaptive material, it also accounts for the full structural coupling in the entire structure due to the piezoelectric material being attached to the host structure. The other significant improvement of TODL is that it is applicable to structures which are relatively thick whereas existing models are based on thin beam / plate theories. Consequently, transverse shearing effects are automatically accounted for in TODL and unlike first order shear deformation theories, shear correction factors are not required. The second major section of this thesis uses the TODL formulation in static shape control. Shape control is defined here as the determination of shape control parameters, including actuation voltage and actuator orientation configuration, such that the structure that is activated using these parameters will conform as close as possible to the desired shape. Several shape control strategies and consequently algorithms were developed here. Initial investigations in shape control has revealed many interesting issues which have been used in later investigations to improve shape controllability and also led to the development of improved algorithms. For instance, the use of discrete actuator patches has led to greater shape controllability and the use of slopes and curvatures as additional control criteria have resulted in significant reduction in internal stresses. The significance of optimizing actuator orientation and its relation to piezoelectric anisotropy in improving shape controllability has also been presented. Thus the major facets of shape control has been brought together and the algorithms developed here represent a comprehensive strategy to perform static shape control.
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Makarchuk, Stanislaw. "Measurement of cell adhesion forces by holographic microscopy." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE034/document.
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Les forces mécaniques, générées par la cellule jouent un rôle crucial dans l'adhésion cellulaire, qui est un processus commun à un grand nombre de lignées cellulaires. Afin de mesurer la champ des forces pendant l'adhérence cellulaire, nous utilisons la microscopie de force de traction, où la cellule adhère à la surface plane d'un substrat souple dans le plan. Les forces sont calculées à partir du champ de déplacement mesuré à l'intérieur du substrat sous la cellule. Nous avons construit le microscope, dans lequel nous utilisons des billes sphériques en polystyrène pour mesurer le champ de déplacement. Les positions des marqueurs sont obtenues en analysant I' image interférentielle des particules. Avec cette technique, nous atteignons une précision nanométrique sur le champ de déplacement des particules, ce qui nous permet d'améliorer la résolution en force de ce type de microscope. Les premières mesures ont été effectuées avec la lignée de cellules cancéreuses SW 480<br>Mechanical forces, generated by the cell plays crucial role in cell adhesion - common process for different cell lines. ln order to measure the force map during cellular adhesion, we use Traction Force Microscopy (TFM), where cell adheres to the soft substrate in 20 plane, and the forces are calculated from measured displacement field inside the substrate underneath the cell. We built the microscope, where instead of using fluorescent markers, we use spherical polystyrene beads in order to measure the displacement field. Positions of the markers are obtained by analyzing the interference pattern caused by the beads in bright-field light. With this technique, we reach nanometer accuracy of the microsphere position determination, that, respectively, influence accuracy of the calculated force field. With the microscope first measurements were performed with cancer cell line SW 480
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Chee, Clinton Yat Kuan. "STATIC SHAPE CONTROL OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATE SMART STRUCTURE USING PIEZOELECTRIC ACTUATORS �." University of Sydney. Aeronautical Engineering, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/709.
Full textAbstract:
The application of static shape control was investigated in this thesis particularly for a composite plate configuration using piezoelectric actuators. A new electro-mechanically coupled mathematical model was developed for the analysis and is based on a third order displacement field coupled with a layerwise electric potential concept. This formulation, TODL, is then implemented into a finite element program. The mathematical model represents an improvement over existing formulations used to model intelligent structures using piezoelectric materials as actuators and sensors. The reason is TODL does not only account for the electro-mechanical coupling within the adaptive material, it also accounts for the full structural coupling in the entire structure due to the piezoelectric material being attached to the host structure. The other significant improvement of TODL is that it is applicable to structures which are relatively thick whereas existing models are based on thin beam / plate theories. Consequently, transverse shearing effects are automatically accounted for in TODL and unlike first order shear deformation theories, shear correction factors are not required. The second major section of this thesis uses the TODL formulation in static shape control. Shape control is defined here as the determination of shape control parameters, including actuation voltage and actuator orientation configuration, such that the structure that is activated using these parameters will conform as close as possible to the desired shape. Several shape control strategies and consequently algorithms were developed here. Initial investigations in shape control has revealed many interesting issues which have been used in later investigations to improve shape controllability and also led to the development of improved algorithms. For instance, the use of discrete actuator patches has led to greater shape controllability and the use of slopes and curvatures as additional control criteria have resulted in significant reduction in internal stresses. The significance of optimizing actuator orientation and its relation to piezoelectric anisotropy in improving shape controllability has also been presented. Thus the major facets of shape control has been brought together and the algorithms developed here represent a comprehensive strategy to perform static shape control.
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Klepáč, Jaromír. "Aplikace gradientní pružnosti v problémech lomové mechaniky." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231071.
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The presented master’s thesis deals with the application of the gradient elasticity in fracture mechanics problems. Specifically, the displacement and stress field around the crack tip is a matter of interest. The influence of a material microstructure is considered. Introductory chapters are devoted to a brief historical overview of gradient models and definition of basic equations of dipolar gradient elasticity derived from Mindlin gradient theory form II. For comparison, relations of classical elasticity are introduced. Then a derivation of asymptotic displacement field using the Williams asymptotic technique follows. In the case of gradient elasticity, also the calculation of the J-integral is included. The mathematical formulation is reduced due to the singular nature of the problem to singular integral equations. The methods for solving integral equations in Cauchy principal value and Hadamard finite part sense are briefly introduced. For the evaluation of regular kernel, a Gauss-Chebyshev quadrature is used. There also mentioned approximate methods for solving systems of integral equations such as the weighted residual method, especially the least square method with collocation points. In the main part of the thesis the system of integral equations is derived using the Fourier transform for straight crack in an infinite body. This system is then solved numerically in the software Mathematica and the results are compared with the finite element model of ceramic foam.
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Araújo, Viviane Gil. "Karin Lambrecht : as vestes e o corpo na série registros de sangue." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/13351.
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Este estudo aborda aspectos do campo da pintura, analisados através dos diferenciados procedimentos realizados por Karin Lambrecht nos trabalhos da série Registros de sangue.<br>This study approaches the field of painting, as analyzed through the different procedures performed by Karin Lambrecht in the Registros de sangue (Records of blood) series.