Relevant bibliographies by topics / Displacement of Crust

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Book chapters
  4. Conference papers
  5. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Displacement of Crust'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2025
Last updated: 1 August 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Displacement of Crust"

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Wandrol, Ivo, Karel Frydrýšek, and Daniel Čepica. "Analysis of the Influence of Thermal Loading on the Behaviour of the Earth’s Crust." Applied Sciences 13, no. 7 (2023): 4367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13074367.

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The article focuses on the deformation and strain-stress analysis of the Earth’s crust under external thermal loading. More specifically, the influence of cyclic changes in the surface temperature field on the stress and displacement inside the crust over a two-year time span is investigated. The finite element program MSC.Marc Mentat was used to calculate the stresses and displacements. For practical analysis reasons, the Earth’s crust is simplified as a planar, piecewise homogeneous, isotropic model (plane strain), and time-varying temperature functions of illumination (thermal radiation) fr
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Timofeev, V. Yu, D. G. Ardyukov, A. V. Timofeev, and E. V. Boiko. "MODERN MOVEMENTS OF THE CRUST SURFACE IN GORNY ALTAI FROM GPS DATA." Geodynamics & Tectonophysics 10, no. 1 (2019): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5800/gt-2019-10-1-0407.

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In 2000–2017, the GPS technology was first applied to study inter-seismic, co-seismic and post-seismic processes in the crust of the Altai Mountains (Gorny Altai). Our study aims at investigating the fields of displacement and deformation in the Gorny Altai region as a part of Asia.The 3D displacement fields are reconstructed for the period before the M 7.3 Chuya earthquake that occurred in the southern sector of the Altai GPS network (49° to 55°N, and 81° to 89°E)on 27 September 2003.Anomalous behavior features are discovered in the displacement orientations, as well as in the distribution of
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Tretyak, Kornyliy, Ivan Brusak, and Volodymyr Babchenko. "Recent deformations of the Earth's crust in Ukraine based on GNSS network data from GEOTERRACE AND SYSTEM.NET." Geodynamics 2(37)2024, no. 2(37) (2024): 56–68. https://doi.org/10.23939/jgd2024.02.056.

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The paper analyzes the recent trends of horizontal and vertical displacements of Ukraine's territory based on the GeoTerrace and System.Net GNSS network data. This includes the construction of relevant movement maps and the selection of deformation zones of the upper crust. The object of research is horizontal and vertical deformations of the upper crust. The goal is to identify and analyze deformation zones in Ukraine's territory. The source data includes the horizontal and vertical displacement rates of GNSS stations from the GeoTerrace network for 2018 to 2023 and the System.Net network for
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Carlotto, Mark. "Toward a New Theory of Earth Crustal Displacement." Journal of Scientific Exploration 36, no. 1 (2022): 8–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20221621.

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Snapshot/Lay Summary—In 1958 Charles Hapgood proposed that mass imbalances created by a buildup of polar ice could displace the earth’s crust over the mantle and that resulting pole shifts were the cause of catastrophic climate changes and ice ages. We contrast the first part of his theory with plate tectonics and true polar wander and propose a new mechanism that is triggered by short-term reversals of the geomagnetic field that “unlock” the crust from the mantle, driven by earth–moon–sun tidal forces, the same forces that move earth’s oceans. It is shown that by combining a modified version
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Dung, Tran Tuan, R. G. Kulinich, Ngo Thi Bich Tram, et al. "PRESENT-DAY STRESS FIELD AND RELATIVE DISPLACEMENT TENDENCY OF THE EARTH'S CRUST IN THE PARACEL ISLANDS AND ADJACENT AREA." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 18, no. 4 (2019): 460–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/4/13665.

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Present-day stress filed in the Hoang Sa archipelago and adjacent areas is determined through the earthquake’s focal mechanism parameters that have been recorded during a time period of more than 100 years. The geometric parameters of the faults (such as the location, strike and dip angles as well as depth, length…) are determined by satellite-derived gravity, seismic data and stress fields. In this study, predictive determination of the magnitude and tendency of the relative displacement of the Earth’s crust is carried out by calculating and assessing the relationship between the stress field
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Kojima, Yasufumi. "Accumulation of Elastic Strain toward Crustal Fracture in Magnetized Neutron Stars." Astrophysical Journal 938, no. 2 (2022): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac9184.

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Abstract This study investigates elastic deformation driven by the Hall drift in a magnetized neutron-star crust. Although the dynamic equilibrium initially holds without elastic displacement, the magnetic-field evolution changes the Lorentz force over a secular timescale, which inevitably causes the elastic deformation to settle in a new force balance. Accordingly, elastic energy is accumulated, and the crust is eventually fractured beyond a particular threshold. We assume that the magnetic field is axially symmetric, and we explicitly calculate the breakup time, maximum elastic energy stored
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Khalimonchik, D. A., A. A. Silaeva, and A. A. Panzhin. "Study of modern movements of the Earth's crust The Kola Peninsula and Karelia according to satellite observations." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 1 (May 18, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2022-1-38-44.

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Issues of safety of operation of subsoil use objects are one of the most important tasks of engineering geology. Thanks to the development of satellite geodesy technologies, it became possible to obtain data on the current movements of the earth's crust at different scale levels with sub-centimeter accuracy. The article is devoted to the issues of deformation monitoring of the Kola Peninsula and Karelia. There are many industrial enterprises in this area. Mining has a man-made impact on the earth's crust, which must be monitored. The purpose of the study is to study the horizontal movements of
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Guseva, T. V., and L. Latynina. "GEODYNAMICS." GEODYNAMICS 1(6)2007, no. 1(6) (2007): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jgd2007.01.005.

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The important problems of the GPS measurements are the searches of the earthquake precursors and study of irreversible and varying displacement of the Earth crust, due to the strongest earthquakes. With development of GPS systems and improvement of satellite technologies of measurements and methods of processing there was possible to in detail register the processes occurring during activization of seismicity. GPS measurement with the large frequency of registration of satellite signals are the powerful tool of study longperiodical waves at the strongest earthquakes. There are considered the e
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Timofeev, V. Yu, D. G. Ardyukov, and A. V. Timofeev. "Variation of displacement fields and Gorny Altai seismic regime." Vulkanologiâ i sejsmologiâ, no. 4 (December 16, 2024): 54–69. https://doi.org/10.31857/s0203030624040048.

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More than twenty years of crust motion measurements by space geodesy method include different epochs of Gorny Altai seismic process. Our study aims at investigating the fields of displacement and deformation in the Gorny Altai region, where we have 20 points-net, situated on big territory, from Novosibirsk in North to Molgolian border at South, and from Kazahstan border at West, to Sayan Mountains at East. Chuya earthquake (September, 2003) separated study period (2000‒2022) to several epochs: pre-seismic – 2000‒2003; 2003‒2004 co-seismic period for epicentral zone; 2004‒2013 post-seismic peri
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Gapeev, Maksim, Alexandra Solodchuk, and Roman Parovik. "Stochastic Strike-Slip Fault as Earthquake Source Model." Mathematics 11, no. 18 (2023): 3932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11183932.

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It is known that the source of a tectonic earthquake in the framework of the theory of elasticity and viscoelasticity is considered to be displacement along a certain fault surface. Usually, when describing a source, the geometry of the fault surface is simplified to a flat rectangular area. The displacement vector is assumed to be constant. In this paper, we propose a model of an earthquake source in the form of a displacement with a constant vector along a stochastic uneven surface. A number of standard assumptions are made during the modeling. We take into account only the elastic propertie
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Displacement of Crust"

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Zoran, Sušić. "Geodinamička analiza pomeranja Zemljine kore regionalnog karaktera." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Fakultet tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/NS20131224SUSIC.

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Stanje Zemljine kore određeno je istovremenim i suprotstavljenim uticajemendodinamičkih i egzodinamičkih procesa. Površinski slojevi omotačaZemljine kore su u stalnom pokretu pod dejstvom uticaja, kao što supromena nivoa podzemnih voda, tektonske pojave, klizišta itd. Značajnedeformacije mogu se javiti kao posledica niza regionalnih i lokalnihnaponskih stanja, posebno u graničnim zonama litosfernih ploča, gde seakumuliraju naponi i javljaju nelinearne innterseizmičke deformacije. Udisertaciji je prikazano istraživanje pomeranja Zemljine kore regionalnogkaraktera sa geodets
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Aquili, Tommaso. "The Austerical City. : London at the crush test of austerity." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-239012.

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In the UK, the unprecedented cuts to local budgets, implemented by the national governments from 2010 to the present day, have pushed local authorities to reconsider their scope, their role and their action. The ever decreasing budgets have de facto transformed local councils from service providers to territorial entrepreneurs, as the pressing pursuit of revenues has placed the economic profit at the core of the local policy-making. Urban planning plays a central role in this shift in mindset. The British planning system has been remodelled so to facilitate the implementation of development pr
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Thoué, Frédéric. "Quantification par imagerie tridimensionnelle de l'extension continentale et des déplacements associés : exemples au Kenya et au Yémen." Grenoble 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993GRE10200.

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La description de la geometrie et de la distribution des structures fragiles presentes dans les rifts contribuent a la comprehension des mecanismes de la deformation extensive a l'echelle de la lithosphere. Une analyse quantitative est envisagee sur une portion du rift est-africain (gregory rift au kenya) et sur la marge est de la mer rouge (yemen), a partir de donnees structurales, d'images satellitaires et de donnees topographiques. Les etudes de terrain permettent de preciser la geometrie et la chronologie des deformations pour chaque objet etudie (kenya ou yemen). Le traitement puis l'inte
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Book chapters on the topic "Displacement of Crust"

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Guimarães, G. N., D. Blitzkow, A. C. O. C. de Matos, F. G. V. Almeida, and A. C. B. Barbosa. "Analysis of the Crust Displacement in Amazon Basin." In Geodesy for Planet Earth. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20338-1_111.

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Torske, Tore. "Terrane Displacement and Sveconorvegian Rotation of the Baltic Shield: A Working Hypothesis." In The Deep Proterozoic Crust in the North Atlantic Provinces. Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5450-2_20.

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Sigda, John M., Laurel B. Goodwin, Peter S. Mozley, and John L. Wilson. "Permeability alteration in small-displacement faults in poorly lithified sediments: Rio Grande Rift, Central New Mexico." In Faults and Subsurface Fluid Flow in the Shallow Crust. American Geophysical Union, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gm113p0051.

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Ruzhich, Valery V., and Evgeny V. Shilko. "A New Method for Seismically Safe Managing of Seismotectonic Deformations in Fault Zones." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_3.

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AbstractThe authors outline the results of long-term interdisciplinary research aimed at identifying the possibility and the methods of controlling tangential displacements in seismically dangerous faults to reduce the seismic risk of potential earthquakes. The studies include full-scale physical and numerical modeling of P-T conditions in the earth’s crust contributing to the initiation of displacement in the stick-slip regime and associated seismic radiation. A cooperation of specialists in physical mesomechanics, seismogeology, geomechanics, and tribology made it possible to combine and gen
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Wang, Libo, Weijun Cen, Dongliang Wang, and Jie Tang. "Seismic Safety of a High Geomembrane Faced Soft Rockfill Dam on Overburden Subjected to Strong Earthquake." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7251-3_8.

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Abstract3D dynamic finite element calculation is carried out for a 161 m high geomembrane faced soft rockfill dam on overburden in a strong earthquake area. The dynamic response of the dam is obtained. The horizontal dynamic displacement is relatively more significant. The maximum vertical permanent deformation and deflection of geomembrane occur at the dam crest near the maximum dam cross section. The tensile strain of geomembrane increases significantly at the dig-fill junction and the reverse arc section. The maximum tensile strain of geomembrane is 1.52%, and the safety factor of geomembra
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Zhao, Fei, Shaoyu Zhao, and Shuli Fan. "Effect of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete on Dynamic Response of Concrete Gravity Dam Under Earthquakes." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2532-2_35.

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AbstractAutoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) is commonly used in lower floors buildings in low seismicity areas due to its lightweight property and high energy absorption capacity. This paper proposes a novel application of AAC as an effective seismic countermeasure in the reduction of vibrational energy for concrete gravity dam. According the vibrating characteristics and failure modes of gravity dam under earthquake excitation, AAC was placed in the upper zone of a gravity dam to reduce the seismic inertia force and consequently to increase the seismic safety of the dam. Dynamic responses of tw
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Yan, Chunli, Jin Tu, Hui Liang, Shengshan Guo, and Deyu Li. "Seismic Safety Evaluation of a High Arch Dam-Foundation Coupling System." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_17.

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AbstractThe seismic safety evaluation of the dam is performed based on either dam strength failure or dam abutment instability failure according to the traditional deterministic methods and concepts in the current code. However, these two failure modes are interactive and inseparable, considering only one failure mode under a strong earthquake fails to fully reflect the actual seismic performance of high arch dams. To develop a more realistic seismic safety evaluation framework for high arch dams, this paper constructs a finite element analysis model that considers the coupling of dam strength
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Lan, Xinyu, Jingmei Zhang, and Hang Wang. "Hydraulic Characteristics of Undular Hydraulic Jumps Over Different Bed Roughness." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4355-1_42.

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AbstractOccurrence of undular hydraulic jumps has impact on sediment transport and bank erosion in estuarine areas. The hydraulic properties vary when it forms on a rough bed, leading to modification of turbulent mixing processes. This paper reports on a study of undular hydraulic jumps generated with different types of bed roughness including smooth, rough rubber-matted and grated beds. The experiment was conducted with a flow rate of 241 m3/h using acoustic displacement meters (ADMs) and an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). The obtained results reveal a discernible descending order in the
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Smith, Ryan, Philipp Strausburger, William Atlenhof, and Elmar Beeh. "Load/Displacement and Energy Dissipation Performances of Aluminum and Magnesium Extrusions Subjected to Quasi-Static and Dynamic Loading under Axial Crush and Cutting Deformation Modes." In Light Metals 2015. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093435.ch43.

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Smith, Ryan, Philipp Strausburger, William Atlenhof, and Elmar Beeh. "Load/Displacement and Energy Dissipation Performances of Aluminum and Magnesium Extrusions Subjected to Quasi-Static and Dynamic Loading under Axial Crush and Cutting Deformation Modes." In Light Metals 2015. Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48248-4_43.

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Conference papers on the topic "Displacement of Crust"

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Bukac, Blazenka, Ivan Razumovic, and Nevio Rozic. "FINAL QUALITY EVALUATION OF THE KINEMATIC MODEL OF THE EARTH�S CRUST HEIGHT MOVEMENT ON THE CROATIAN TERRITORY." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/2.1/s09.25.

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The paper presents a quality evaluation of the kinematic model concerning the relative height movement of the Earth�s crust that refers to the territory of the Republic of Croatia. This kinematic model enables determination of vertical displacements and movement speeds of discrete points on the Earth�s crust. So far, the quality of the model has been rated only for certain parts of the Croatian territory, but this paper shows the results of the model�s quality evaluation for the entire territory of the Republic of Croatia. The model�s quality is evaluated using the geometric levelling measurem
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Yamada, Takeshi, Xin Li, Takuya Yamashita, and Akifumi Yamaji. "Development of a New Crust Model for Analyzing VULCANO VBS-U3 MCCI Experiment With MPS Method." In 2024 31st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone31-134499.

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Abstract In the postulated severe accident of a light water reactor, the molten core material (corium) may be released to the reactor containment floor and the Molten Core - Concrete Interaction (MCCI) may take place. This complex phenomena may involve dehydration, thermal decomposition, and ablation of concrete, redox reactions of oxidic and metallic phases of corium, solidification and remelting of corium, mixing of molten concrete with corium and so on. Evaluation of the resulting concrete floor ablation is important as it may threaten the containment boundary. The Moving Particle Semi-impl
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Listvin, D. V., and E. D. Kuznetsov. "Investigation of displacement of reference GNSS-stations in the Urals during 2022—2023 years." In 51-st All-Russian with international participation student scientific conference "Physics of Space". Ural University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/b978-5-7996-3848-1.18.

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We analyzed the change of coordinates of the points of the continuous operating reference stations network of global navigation satellite systems to investigate the regularities of the Earth’s crust movement in the Urals. Access to the measurement data was provided by the PRIN company. Using the GAMIT/GLOBK software, the variations of coordinates of ten base stations during 2022-2023 were investigated. Estimates of station coordinate displacements were obtained: secular trend, amplitudes and periods of variations over a two-year interval.
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Gospodinov, Slaveyko, Elena Peneva, and Penio Penev. "A SPECIFIC APPROACH TO LEAST SQUARES ADJUSTMENT OF THE STATE LEVELLING NETWORK." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/2.1/s09.20.

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In addition to its main purpose: establishing and maintaining the parameters of the height system for the territory of a given state (country), state levelling networks also serve to establish (register) the contemporary (recent) vertical movements of the Earth's crust. The detection of such movements, besides in a purely research sense, is of great practical importance. The displacement of the benchmarks over time plays an essential role in seismic forecasting in the short and long term. Sometimes, not very often, it happens that the duration of the measurements in a single cycle of State lev
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Lee, B. T., and J. E. Olson. "Natural Fracture Pattern Development Using 3D Coupled Numerical Model: Mechanics and Diagenesis." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0805.

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ABSTRACT In the earth's crust, while tectonic processes can mechanically create natural fractures, cementation can simultaneously grow on the surfaces of the fractures. This crystallization can affect the growth of the fractures. To more accurately address the modeling of natural fracture development, both mechanical deformation and chemical diagenesis should be carried out in an integrated manner. We achieve this with a three-dimensional (3D) simulator that couples mechanical and chemical processes for natural fracture pattern development in layer confined situations. Tectonic loading over ge
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Browne, Alan L., and Nancy L. Johnson. "Dynamic Axial Crush Tests of Roll Wrapped Composite Tubes: Plug vs. Non-Plug Crush Initiators." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79158.

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This paper discusses the effects of the method of crush initiation on the dynamic axial crush response of roll wrapped composite tubes. This constitutes a portion of a successful fundamental study conducted at GM R&D of the dynamic axial crush of automotive rail-sized composite tubes reinforced variously with carbon fiber, Kevlar® and hybrid combinations of the two, and manufactured using roll wrapping techniques suitable for the low cost high volume needs of the automotive industry. All tubes were manufactured using roll wrapping from multiple layers of uni-directional thermoset prepreg w
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Wu, Xiaoguang, Rui Yang, Gensheng Li, et al. "FDEM Modeling on the Fracture Propagation Behavior of Hot Dry Rock Subjected to Cyclic Soft Fracturing." In 57th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium. ARMA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56952/arma-2023-0686.

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ABSTRACT Conventional hydraulic fracturing (HF) is an important way to develop Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), but there are some problems such as high injection pressure and having trouble to create complex fracture network. To deal with those difficulties, Cyclic soft fracturing (CSF), an emerging technology, has been proposed, which adopts circulating stress waves to break down rock and forms a volumetric fracture network achieving oil and gas stimulation. In this paper, a numerical model of FDEM and a fully coupled thermal-fluid-solid solver are used to perform CSF experiments on hot dr
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Jacobson, Karina, David Tyrell, and Benjamin Perlman. "Rail Car Impact Tests With Steel Coil: Collision Dynamics." In IEEE/ASME 2003 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtd2003-1655.

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Two full-scale oblique grade-crossing impact tests were conducted in June 2002 to compare the crashworthiness performance of alternative corner post designs on rail passenger cab cars. On June 4, 2002 a cab car fitted with an end structure built to pre-1999 requirements impacted a steel coil at approximately 14 mph. Following, on June 7, 2002 a cab car fitted with an end structure built to current requirements underwent the same test. Each car was equipped with strain gauges, string potentiometers and accelerometers to measure the deformation of specific structural elements, and the longitudin
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Arena, Felice, and Francesco Fedele. "Non-Linear Space-Time Evolution of Wave Groups With a High Crest." In ASME 2003 22nd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2003-37161.

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The theory of quasi-determinism, for the mechanics of linear three-dimensional waves, was obtained by Boccotti in the eighties. The first formulation of the theory deals with the largest crest amplitude; the second formulation deals with the largest wave height. The theory was verified in the nineties with some small-scale field experiments. In this paper the first formulation of Boccotti’s theory, valid for the space-time domain, is extended to the second order. The analytical expressions of the non-linear free surface displacement and velocity potential are obtained. Therefore the space-time
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Seyed Yaghoubi, A., P. Begeman, G. Newaz, D. Board, Y. Chen, and O. Faruque. "Generic Steel Vehicle Front Bumper and Crush Can Assemblies Subjected to a Rigid High Speed Offset Frontal Impact." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65044.

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This study presents experimental investigations of generic steel Front Bumper and Crush Can (FBCC) assemblies subjected to a 40% offset frontal impact. As automotive industries aim to reduce overall vehicle weight by applying lighter-weight materials to its structures, component-level studies become important. Computer aided models are valuable tools to complement physical testing by assessing the performances of these structures. Due to the lack of studies on component-level tests with FBCCs, a novel component-level test procedure would be useful to aid in CAE correlation. A sled-on-sled test
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Reports on the topic "Displacement of Crust"

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Khosravifar, Arash. COMBINED EFFECTS OF LATERAL SPREADING AND SUPERSTRUCTURE INERTIA. Deep Foundations Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37308/cpf-2020-drsh-2.

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The seismic behavior of a RC pile with a diameter of 0.25 m subjected to liquefaction-induced lateral spreading was investigated using a shake table experiment that was conducted at the University of California, San Diego by Professor Ahmed Elgamal and Dr. Ahmed Ebeido (Ebeido and Elgamal 2019). A sinusoidal motion was applied at the base of a model that was inclined by 4 degrees. The loose and dense sand layers liquefied during the test, resulting in a permanent lateral spreading displacement of approximately 0.4 m (Figure E1). The pile was subjected to the combined effects of inertial loads
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