Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Displacemet'

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Esta dissertação examina a política de deslocamento de pessoas no contexto do projeto da Usina Hidrelétrica Belo Monte, região Norte do Brasil. Especificamente, eu investigo a política de deslocamento de ribeirinhos, pequenos agricultores e populações indígenas em Belo Monte. À luz do entendimento de política de Jacques Rancière, faço minha análise olhando para os males do deslocamento ao invés de para os direitos que alegadamente pertencem aos atingidos. Ao trazer isto ao debate, proponho reformular deslocamento como uma questão de exclusão política, não um problema de natureza técnica ou social. Embora remonte aos tempos coloniais, migração forçada raramente é um tópico discutido no Brasil. O país possui 1268 centrais elétricas de alguma escala, das quais 219 são hidrelétricas. Construir essas barragens exige, em quase todos os casos, pessoas e lugares sacrificiais. Em consequência, laços familiares são desfeitos, formas de vida extinguidas, lares são mortos. A literatura sobre pessoas deslocadas por projetos de desenvolvimento a partir de uma abordagem baseada em direitos não conseguiu dar conta da política de deslocamento. A terceira maior barragem do mundo em capacidade instalada trouxe com seus 11.233 MW as mesmas violações de direitos, anunciadas por projetos anteriores. Ao longo do tempo, estima-se que um milhão de pessoas tenham sido expulsas de suas casas devido a projetos de barragens hidrelétricas e sua migração para outras áreas, ou seu abandono e empobrecimento, foram tratados como apenas mais um exemplo de exclusão social em meio ao portfólio brasileiro de problemas sociais. Isso, no entanto, pode não ajudar a abordar as causas da migração forçada nesses casos. Situado no âmbito mais amplo da política mundial moderna, em suas formas de ler e pensar o Estado, as implicações da política na (re)produção da condição de deslocado são constitutivas. Este trabalho argumenta, portanto, que os deslocados de Belo Monte são a parte sem-parte na democracia brasileira. Eles são feitos povo suplementar pelos danos de uma obra de desenvolvimento, mas é também através da sua resistência a esses danos que denunciam a desigualdade na democracia. Ao resistir a essa partição e ao espaço de negligência atribuídos à sua existência, eles fazem mais do que o designado. Enquadrando deslocamento como um conflito sobre a produção do espaço, então, a dissertação sugere como as pessoas resistem, intervêm e contestam a representação de seu espaço. Deslocados resistem ao seu status suplementar criando espaços alternativos de representação. Suas práticas de resistência, portanto, evidenciam seu status político e desafiam a vida democrática a garantir sua parte em casos futuros. Concluo trazendo insights práticos inspirados por essas críticas teóricas para os próximos projetos hidrelétricos no Brasil; já anunciados e, até agora, inevitáveis.
This dissertation examines the politics of the displacement of people in the context of the Belo Monte Complex project in the North of Brazil. Specifically, I investigate the politics of the displacement of riparian, small farmers and Indigenous populations in Belo Monte. In light of Jacques Rancière understanding of politics, I do so by looking at the wrongs of displacement rather than to the alleged rights belonging to subjects. Bringing this to the debate will reframe displacement as a matter of political exclusion, not a social or technical problem. Although it goes back to colonial times, forced migration is a rarely discussed topic in Brazil. The country has 1268 hydroelectric plants of some scale, among which 219 are hydroelectric dams. Building those dams requires, in almost every case, sacrificial people and places. As consequences, family ties are undone, ways of living extinguished, homes are killed. Literature on people displaced by development projects grounded on a rights based approach has not been able to address the politics of displacement. The world s third largest dam in installed capacity brought with its 11,233 MW the very same old, foreseen and announced rights violations of previous projects. Over time, it is estimated that one million people have been put out from their homes because of hydroelectric dam projects and their migration to other areas, or their abandonment and impoverishment, have been treated as only one more example of social exclusion amidst the vast Brazilian portfolio of social problems. That might not help to address the causes of forced migration in these cases, though. Situated in the broader scope of modern world politics, in its ways to read and think the State, the implications of politics in the (re)production of the displaced condition are constitutive. This work argues, therefore, that Belo Monte displacees are the part with no-part in Brazilian democracy. They are made supplementary people by the wrongs of a development work but it is also through their resistance to those wrongs that they denounce the inequality in democracy. In resisting this partition and the space of neglect attributed to their existence, they do more than the assigned. By framing displacement as a conflict over the production of space, then, the dissertation shows how people resist, intervene and contest the representations of their space. Displacees themselves resist to their supplementary status, creating alternative spaces of representation. Therefore, their practices of resistance make evident their political status and challenge democratic life to guarantee their part’in future cases alike. I conclude by bringing practical insights inspired by these theoretical critiques to forthcoming hydroelectric projects in Brazil; already announced and, so far, inevitable.

Thesis (M.S. in Systems Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.
Thesis Advisor(s): Calvano, Charles ; Whitcomb, Clifford. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on 5 November 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Naval Architecture, Aircraft Carrier Displacement Models. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-72). Also available in print.

After the excavation of a cut slope ongoing deformations on the slope surface can often be measured. These deformations can be induced due to various processes and can also be used as an indicator of slope stability. If the reasons for the deformations are known, selective stabilization methods can help to decelerate, or stop, the movements. The potential for the recognition of displacement patterns in excavated slopes is studied in this dissertation. In the laboratory, the analysis of displacement patterns due to various processes is difficult as identical initial test conditions can hardly be reproduced. Furthermore, measurements of displacements can only be conducted to a limited degree. Therefore, numerical calculations using the finite element method were applied to simulate excavation processes and analyse the displacements. In addition, a suitable mathematical model has to be used to represent the stress-strain behaviour during the unloading process. Three different advanced constitutive soil models were chosen to calculate an excavation process of an idealized slope assuming drained conditions: - elasto-plastic Modified-Cam-Clay model - rate-independent hypoplastic model according to Masin - rate-dependent visco-hypoplastic model according to Niemunis Before conducting the excavation simulation, the soil parameters of the constitutive models were calibrated by means of numerical element tests, depicting the stress paths of conventional laboratory tests. Within the literature, those conventional laboratory tests are recommended for the determination of parameters for the constitutive models. A parameter set for the visco-hypoplastic model was chosen from literature. The parameters were adapted for the remaining models. Thus, all three models predicted approximately the same stress-strain behaviour during conventional laboratory tests. Despite the correlations during the element tests, the constitutive models predicted different displacements during the calculation of the excavation of an idealized slope under drained conditions. Thereupon, load-controlled triaxial compression tests were conducted reproducing the characteristic stress paths during an excavation process. At the same time, numerical calculations were carried out to reproduce the triaxial compression tests, and the measured and calculated displacement behaviour was compared. Different processes such as pure unloading due to excavation, excavation in overconsolidated soil, excavation coupled with consolidation, excavation coupled with previous ground water lowering and consolidation as well as the influence of creep effects were considered in the analysis of the displacement patterns during an excavation. It can be stated that the evaluation of displacements and changes in displacements in a single point on the slope surface cannot provide sufficient information about a certain physical process. Only the combination of displacement paths at different survey points will lead to a reliable conclusion. Thus, representative displacement patterns for different processes are recognizable during and after the excavation, which can be used for the identification. During the numerical simulation of an in-situ model test, where a slope was brought to failure by excavation, the calculated displacements were analysed for identifiable displacement patterns. It can be stated that despite different slope systems, consistencies were found within characteristic survey points. These points can be used to identify patterns within the displacement contours.

Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 87-97).
Gentrification is the movement of a moneyed class or the gentry into disinvested urban neighborhoods. This action facilitates displacement of existing residents in the formerly disinvested neighborhoods. This displacement is another step of a long history of marginalization of low-income minority communities. Unites States housing policy has facilitated urban disinvestment and marginalization for the past 80 years. The Station North area of Baltimore presents the current tension between gentrification and displacement. The research presented defines the development ecosystem, gentrification and displacement characteristics, and existing plans for affecting Station North. The research leads to a conclusion that under current conditions displacement cannot be prevented. However, lessons from Station North can be utilized for future inner city development strategy that minimizes displacement. Areas for further research on displacement minimization are presented. Lastly, this is client-based thesis for Ernst Valery Investments (EVI). The research and analysis provide a foundation for EVI's community wealth building philosophy and offers potential opportunities and pitfalls of EVI strategy.
by Michael Castagnola.
M.C.P.

Detta examensarbete syftar till att beskriva de displacerade barnens situation ochde utmaningar de står inför på grund av displacement i Cali, Colombia. Detkommer att göras genom att studera de icke-statliga organisationernas arbete dåstaten på många delar i Colombia och Cali har låg närvaro. Många av dessa barntillhör afro-colombianska och inhemska folkgrupper och därför kommer dennastudie att göras utifrån ett intersektionellt perspektiv inom kategorierna etnicitetoch klass. Colombia har under de senaste åren varit det land med flestinternflyktingar i världen, och trots ett fredsavtal med de största rebellgruppernaär Colombia fortfarande ett land i toppen av den globala statistiken. Landetshistoria präglas av interna konflikter, olaglig arbetskraft och narkotikahandel. Deproblem Colombia står inför under denna pågående fredsprocess är komplexa ochpåverkar främst displacerade barn och deras familjer. Resultatet av denna studievisar att många displacerade barn har lägre levnadsstandard än andra barn.Majoriteten bor i ekonomiskt utsatta områden och tillhör minoritetsbefolkningen,de får sämre utbildning och blir ofta diskriminerade på grund av att de ärcolombianer men med en annan kultur och annat ursprung änmajoritetsbefolkningen i staden. Det finns olika typer av socialt arbete i Cali somarbetar med empowerment för att förhindra detta och för att stärka barnen; delsgenom utbildning och dels genom upprätthållande av kultur i form av musik ochdans. Socialarbetare i Cali arbetar oftast utan stöd av staten och är själva eller harvarit displacerade. Många upplever att displacerade barn ofta ses som en homogengrupp trots dennes heterogenitet.
This bachelor thesis seeks to describe the displaced children’s situation and thechallenges they face due to displacement in Cali, Colombia. Many of thesechildren belong to Afro-Colombian and indigenous communities and thereforethis study will be made through an intersectional perspective based on ethnicityand class. Colombia was during recent years the country with the most internallydisplaced people in the world, and today, despite a peace agreement with thebiggest guerrilla groups, it is still a country in the top of the global statistics. Thecountry’s history is characterized by internal conflicts, illegal labor and drugtrafficking and the problems they are facing during this peace progress arecomplex. This is affecting displaced children and their families. The humanitariancrisis in Colombia is unique in many ways and have been creating manychallenges for the government. Therefore, one of the main reasons to study non-governmental, social work is because these organizations fill an important gap inresponse to help, support and empower displaced children in areas around Caliwith little governmental presence. The result of this study shows that manydisplaced children in Cali have a lower standard of living than other children. Themajority live in low-income areas and belong to the minority population, theyreceive lower quality education and are often discriminated for being Colombiansbut with a different culture and other origin than the majority population in thecity. There are various types of social work in Cali that work with empowermentto prevent this and to strengthen the children; through education or by maintainingculture in the form of music and dance. Social workers in Cali usually workwithout the support of the state and are run by people who themselves have beendisplaced. Many of the social workers feel that displaced children often are seenas a homogeneous group despite its heterogeneity.

Kontext: Displacement Mapping är en teknik som används inom 3D-spel för att skapa detaljrikedom i geometri utan att behöva triangelobjekt bestående av oönskad geometrikomplexitet. Tekniken har även andra användningsområden i 3D-spel, till exempel terränggeometri. Tekniken skänker detaljrikedom genom att i samband med tesselering förskjuta geometri i en normalriktning eller längs annan specificerad riktning. Vector Displacement Mapping är en teknik liknande Displacement Mapping där skillnaden är att Vector Displacement Mapping förskjuter geometri i tre dimensioner. Mål: Syftet med arbetet är utforska Vector Displacement Mapping i sammanhanget 3D-Spel och att antyda att tekniken kan användas i 3D-spel likt Displacement Mapping. Arbetet jämför Vector Displacement Mapping med Displacement Mapping för att urskilja skillnader i exekveringstid mellan teknikernas centrala skillnader. Skillnaderna i exekveringstid ställs i kontrast mot diskussion av teknikernas grafikminnesanvändning. Metoder: Jämförelsen baseras på en implementation av de båda teknikerna tillsammans med tesselering. Prestandamätningar genereras med implementationen som grund. Implementationen använder sig av Direct3D 11. Resultat: Resultatet som erhålls genom jämförelsen visar att exekveringstiderna mellan teknikernas centrala skillnader varierar svagt. Grafikminnesanvändningen mellan teknikerna skiljer sig med en faktor 3 eller en faktor 4 där Vector Displacement Mapping använder mer grafikminne. Slutsatser: Slutsatser som dras baserat på resultatet är att Vector Displacement Mapping i situationer där överhängande geometri är ett önskat resultat kan ersätta Displacement Mapping. Vidare diskussion förs kring slutsatser, avgränsningar och framtida forskning som arbetet berör.

CIVINS
Early stage ship design and assessment continues to be a challenge for naval architects and ocean engineers. Furthermore, seakeeping at high speeds cannot be reliably calculated by traditional methods such as strip theory due to the hydrodynamic effects that occur in the semidisplacement region. Traditional methods have a vessels' response in seas calculated after most initial design decision have been cemented, making changes in design for improved seakeeping difficult at best. This paper puts forth a method for narrowing the design space for semidisplacement and displacement patrol craft operating at Froude numbers up to Fn= 1.0 and incorporating the vessels' response in seas into early stage design. Optimization of the design is done through the use of response surface methodology. Using a systems approach, a Patrol Craft Assessment Tool (PCAT) was created and tested to aide designers in the initial design and assessment of patrol craft of less than 90 m. PCAT is an MATLAB code that interfaces with Surface Wave Analysis (SWAN2) to incorporate resistance, engine selection, structures, seakeeping, and mission profiles into one design program to aide a designer.

Randomly entangled fibers forming loosely bound nonwoven structures are evaluated for use in lightweight armor applications. These materials sacrifice volumetric efficiency in order to realize a reduction in mass versus traditional armor materials, while maintaining equivalent ballistic performance. The primary material characterized, polyester fiberfill, is shown to have improved ballistic performance over control samples of monolithic polyester as well as 1095 steel sheets. The response of fiberfill is investigated at a variety of strain rates, from quasistatic to ballistic, under compression, tension, and shear deformation to elucidate mechanisms at work during ballistic defeat. Fiberfill’s primary mechanisms during loading are fiber reorientation, fiber unfurling, and frictional sliding. Frictional sliding, coupled with high macroscopic strain to failure, is thought to be the source of the high specific ballistic performance in fiberfill materials. The proposed armor is tested for penetration resistance against spherical and cylindrical 7.62 mm projectiles fired from a gas gun. A constitutive model incorporating the relevant deformation mechanisms of texture evolution and progressive damage is developed and implemented in Abaqus explicit in order to expedite further research on ballistic nonwoven fabrics.

Mestrado em Economia
Esta dissertação analisa a forma como o progresso tecnológico influencia o mercado laboral. Foi criado um modelo teórico com base na "routine-biased technical change", assim como uma análise empírica que avalia a forma como o conteúdo rotineiro de tarefas numa dada ocupação é afetado pela adoção de tecnologia no trabalho. Adicionalmente também foi estimado o efeito da adoção tecnológica na polarização dos rendimentos.
This dissertation addresses the way technological progress affects the structure of labor market. A theoretical framework based on the routine-biased technical change hypothesis was constructed. The empirical analysis evaluates how the routine task content of occupations is impacted by the adoption of technology at work using a linear model with a fixed-effects estimator. Additionally, the effects of technological adoption at work on the polarization of income were estimated using an Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The intent of this study is to develop an algorithm for structural design based on allowable displacements for structural members, independent of stresses caused by the configurations imposed. Structural design can be based on displacement constraints applied in the same basic format as stress constraints so that convergence is based on allowable displacements rather than on stresses.

Master of Science

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2007.
Additional advisors: Richard Brown, Ioulia Karpechina, Ryoichi Kawai, Boris Kunin. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 5, 2008; title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).

Advances in numerical ocean modelling have led to increasing interest in data assimilation for the purpose of ocean forecasting. The majority of current assimilation techniques ignore the integral constraints inherent in ocean dynamics, and instead locally insert information from observations in an Eulerian sense. It has been shown that such methods can generate spurious circulations by affecting balance of dynamic ocean tracers. In this thesis techniques are presented which solve a rearrangement problem to perform data assimilation under an integral constraint, effectively performing assimilation in a Lagrangian sense to correct assumed initial phase error. A descent algorithm equivalent to three dimensional variational assimilation is developed for the pure rearrangement problem, based on an advective process acting in pseudo-time. This method is shown to assimilate direct observations successfully, even when observations are only available on a limited subdomain. Two novel modifications which improve the rate of convergence are also discussed.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 104-106).
Research on indoor environments has received more attention recently because reports of symptoms and other health complaints related to indoor environments have been increasing. Heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems are used to control the indoor environment. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a good ventilation system that can provide good indoor environment. To improve indoor air quality, displacement ventilation systems can work well. The system provides fresh air directly to the occupied zone. However, the existing floor-supply displacement ventilation systems have some problems. Hence, the objective of this research was to improve the disadvantages of the current system, and to develop a new design for the floor-supply displacement ventilation system with floor diffusers. The research used numerical simulations through computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD). The experiment was carried out in a full -scale environmental chamber to obtain a reliable data on the floor-supply ventilation system. With the detailed data, the CFD program used in this research was validated. By using the validated program, we conducted numerical simulations of several different cases of the floor-supply system to evaluate the design and the performance of the system. The impacts of several parameters, such as the air change rate, number of diffusers, furniture arrangement, and cooling loads, on the indoor environment were investigated based on the thermal comfort level and indoor air quality. From the results, the parameters were ranked in the order of their impact. This result can be used for more specific case studies of each building design.
by Nobukazu Kobayashi.
S.M.

AbstractThere is a major relationship between these two aspects: climate change and IPDs (Internal Displacement Persons) – as climate change is a major challenge for people who faced displacement and leave their shelters – which makes their living conditions worst and it leads result in diminishing the wellbeing of people (Ferris, 2011). Moreover, it has been observed that the researcher has successfully contributed in accomplishing the research concern and attaining the effective results – while involving the role of international Humanitarian Law which is used to protect the needs of climate refugees/people displaced because of climate change – also, the UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement can be relevant for meeting the protection needs of people who have been displaced because of climate change. Moreover, the researcher has used critical discussion through effective and factful arguments in the literature review to accomplish the research purpose. Moreover, the investigator involved the analytical and conceptual framework which highly plays a significant role in accomplishing the whole research as it included the concepts and theories which is relevant to the research matter. The researcher included IASC Framework on Durable Solutions for Internal Displaced Persons and the social framework of UNHCR in order to give a proper value to the section. On the other hand, the researcher uses secondary research for collecting data along with thematic/content analysis in order to analyze the research with effective concepts and accurately analyzing the collected information. At last, the research concludes that there are various challenges which the internally displaced people are facing due to the impact of climate change but the researcher included international committees – those are taking actions for resolving the issues of IDPs and refugees such as UNEP, UNIHRC, UNEG, IPCC, and IOM – which significantly contributing for the benefits of IDPs and migrants.

This study aims to provide an Anglo-Swedish perspective on displacement and humanitarian crisisin post-war Europe through an analysis of photographs and supporting text published by Swedishand British pictorial magazines Se and Picture Post during the period 1945 – 1946. The researchexplores photographs concerning the themes of fallen destiny and fate, humanitarian relief,organisation of displaced persons and civilians rising from ruin. The study questions how Sweden’swartime position of neutrality and Britain’s wartime anti-axis, anti-fascist position affected the wayin which Se and Picture Post, two media organisations loyal to their states and part of a bigger medialandscape, presented their outlook, role and actions on the humanitarian and displacement crisis inpost-war Europe. The study seeks to highlight the importance of the photograph as a usefulhistorical source for historians in understanding mentalities and ideologies of Swedish and Britishmedia organisations in post-war Europe, a source that has often been overlooked. The findings ofthe study show that Se remained mostly positive throughout the post-war period by displayingimages of camp survivors and heroic Swedish humanitarian workers. The reason for this was thatthe editors of Se wanted to continually promote and support Swedish national prestige by depictingSweden as a moral superpower. Se aimed to show support for the national government’s decisionto stand politically neutral during the war, a decision which made it possible to perform rescuemissions in wartime and offer humanitarian support in post-war Europe. In contrast, Picture Postconsciously chose to repeatedly present images of disillusioned Germans, famine and suffering,civic resilience, re-education of Germans and hopeful Jewish survivors in order to blame Germany for the misery that war had created and thus present Britain as the victorious power.

Déplacement est un paradigme qui permet de décrire les procédés que j’utilise pour m’organiser en tant qu’individu, artiste et chercheur. Mon processus se fait en mouvement constant que ce soit dans un contexte particulier ou entre différents contextes, aussi en perpétuel mouvements. Bouger et être bougé, déplacer et être déplacé sont des procédés qui impliquent une lecture ininterrompue des contextes, la création de situations appropriées, et/ ou une utilisation réfléchie de situations existantes. Cela appelle des attitudes de présence, de distanciation et de (re-)positionnement. Cinq méthodes et trois pratiques sont nées du temps consacré à cette recherche développée dans le cadre d’un doctorat. Celles-ci sont proposées, partagées afin d’inviter le lecteur à un jeu de perception(s) et de positionnement(s) en vue d’un déplacement. Ma thèse intitulée “Displacement(s) as Method(s)”, est une matrice constituée de plusieurs formats (lettre, catalogue, conversation) et médias (texte, film, etc.) dont l’objectif est d’analyser mes œuvres, méthodes, pratiques et outils. Il est possible d’y circuler à son gré, de suivre le processus de son choix et de consacrer un temps qui peut aller de quelques minutes à plusieurs heures. Le lecteur est invité à plonger dans un travail qui a ses propres réalités, temporalités et espaces. Chaque notion, chaque positionnement, chaque format et chaque proposition artistique sont des fragments d’une recherche développée et mise en pratique pendant quatre années. Les multiples éléments de cette recherche entraînent des divergences et des superpositions qui densifient ma proposition d’articulation
Displacement is a paradigm I use to describe the ways in which I organize myself and invite others to reposition themselves while being in constant movement in and between contexts that are also in perpetual motion. Move and be moved, displace and be displaced are principles that (i) imply constant readings of contexts, the creation of appropriate situations, or/and informed uses of existing situations; and (ii) call for attitudes of presence, distanciation, and (re-)positioning. Five methods and three practices came out of the time dedicated to search and research within my PhD project. My thesis, titled “Displacement(s) as Method(s)”, is a matrix of several formats (such as letter, catalogue, conversation) and media (text, film, etc.), which I used to filter my works, methods, practices, and tools. Within this matrix, one can choose one’s own journey and process, and the time one wants to dedicate to and invest in it – from a few minutes to several hours. The reader is invited to dive into a work that has its own reality, temporality, and space. Each notion, positioning, format, and work is a fragment of the research I have processed over the last four years. These diverging and overlapping elements and components are numerous and multiple; they nourish and densify my proposition of an articulation

Digital Displacement pumps and motors are a new type of hydraulic machine, in which fluid commutation and displacement control are achieved by solenoid actuated valves under the command of a microprocessor, rather than mechanical means. The thesis is that radial piston machines, built according to this principle, offer energy efficiency and control advantages over variable stroke axial piston pumps, when applied to hydrostatic vehicle transmissions. Experimental results on the efficiency of prototypes are analysed and compared to published results from swashplate machines, showing an improvement in energy efficiency. Loss models are proposed and compared with experiment. A Digital Displacement motor suitable for propelling a vehicle is described and the design and development of the mechanics, electro-magnetics and embedded software are described. Experimental results are also presented, illustrating the performance of a demonstrator vehicle driven by the motor, in particular demonstrating the closed-loop regulation of vehicle speed using motor displacement control. A demonstrator vehicle is described which features a hydrostatic transmission using both a Digital Displacement pump and an axial piston motor. Experimental results of pump performance are presented with specific focus on vehicle propel. A control technique is described which increases the sensitivity of the pump at low speeds. Results are presented of tests on the prototype transmission system, focussing on the time-domain system dynamics. A computer simulation model of the vehicle is presented and results compared to experiment.

Fluid power technology has been widely used in industrial practice; however, its energy efficiency became a big concern in the recent years. Much progress has been made to improve fluid power energy efficiency from many aspects. Among these approaches, using a valve-less system to replace a traditional valve-controlled system showed eminent energy reduction. This thesis studies the valve-less solution-pump displacement controlled actuators- from the view of controls background. Singular perturbations have been applied to the fluid power to account for fluid stiffness; and a novel hydraulic circuit for single rod cylinder has been presented to increase the hydraulic circuit stabilities. Recursive Least Squares has been applied to account for measurement noise thus the parameters have fast convergence rate, square root algorithm has further applied to increase the controller's numerical stability and efficiency. It was showed that this technique is consistent with other techniques to increase controller's robustness. The developed algorithm is further extended to a hybrid adaptive control scheme to achieve desired trajectory tracking for general cases. A hardware test-bed using the invented hydraulic circuit was built up. The experimental results are presents and validated the proposed algorithms and the circuit itself. The end goal of this project is to develop control algorithms and hydraulic circuit suitable for industrial practice.

The main purpose of this dissertation is to study the cinematic scientific visualization pipeline followed during the internship carried out at CINECA, showing in particular a rendering technique used: the displacement mapping. The final animation, called "A Sacred Forest", is part of the "Into the (Un)Known" project, a scientific communication project. The first part of this dissertation explains what is cinematic scientific visualization and shows its pipeline, then the displacement mapping is described and analyzed with some examples made in Blender. Finally, the “making of” for the Sacred Forest animation is described, showing how astrophysical data provided by a simulation of a magnetic field generated around a supermassive black hole are filtered, mapped and then rendered to obtain the final result.

Linear-motion compliant mechanisms have generally been developed for small displacement applications. The objective of the thesis is to provide a basis for improved large-displacement linear-motion compliant mechanisms (LLCMs). One of the challenges in developing large-displacement compliant mechanisms is the apparent performance tradeoff between displacement and off-axis stiffness. In order to facilitate the evaluation, comparison, and optimization of the performance of LLCMs, this work formulates and presents a set of metrics that evaluates displacement and off-axis stiffness. The metrics are non-dimensionalized and consist of the relevant characteristics that describe mechanism displacement, off-axis stiffness, actuation force, and size. Displacement is normalized by the footprint of the device. Transverse stiffness is normalized by a new performance characteristic called virtual axial stiffness. Torsional stiffness is normalized by a performance characteristic called the characteristic torque. Because large-displacement compliant mechanisms are often characterized by non-constant axial and off-axis stiffnesses, these normalized stiffness metrics are formulated to account for the variation of both axial and off-axis stiffness over the range of displacement. In pursuit of mechanisms with higher performance, this work also investigates the development of a new compliant mechanism element. It presents a pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) for rolling-contact compliant beams (RCC beams), a compliant element used in the RCC suspension. The loading conditions and boundary conditions for RCC beams can be simplified to an equivalent cantilever beam that has the same force-deflection characteristics as the RCC beam. Building on the PRBM for cantilever beams, this paper defines a model for the force-deflection relationship for RCC beams. Included in the definition of the RCC PRBM are the pseudo-rigid-body model parameters that determine the shape of the beam, the length of the corresponding pseudo-rigid-body links and the stiffness of the equivalent torsional spring. The behavior of the RCC beam is parameterized in terms of a single parameter defined as clearance, or the distance between the contact surfaces. The RCC beams exhibit a unique force-displacement curve where the force is inversely proportional to the clearance squared. The RCC suspension is modeled using the newly defined PRBM. The suspension exhibits unique performance, generating no resistance to axial motion while providing significant off-axis stiffness. The mechanism has a large range of travel and operates with frictionless motion due to the rolling-contact beams. In addition to functioning as a stand-alone linear-motion mechanism, the RCC suspension can be configured with other linear mechanisms in superposition to improve the off-axis stiffness of other mechanisms without affecting their axial resistance.

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Durante a perfuração e cimentação de poços de petróleo e gás, diversos fluidos circulam no espaço anular formado entre a coluna de revestimento e a formação rochosa. A boa aderência do cimento à  formação e à  coluna de revestimento depende de quão bem o fluido de perfuração É deslocado para fora do espaço anular pelos fluidos lavadores e espaçadores e de quão bem a pasta de cimento desloca esses últimos. Falhas na cimentação podem comprometer a vedação hidráulica do poço causando sérios danos ambientais e perdas na produção. Portanto, é importante estudar o processo de deslocamento de fluidos em espaços anulares e determinar as condições que garantam a eficiência de deslocamento. Neste trabalho foi investigado experimentalmente o deslocamento de fluidos para regimes laminares em um espaço anular formado por cilindros concêntricos. A eficiência de deslocamento foi associada à configuração da interface formada entre os fluidos. Foram realizados testes de visualização na planta experimental existente no laboratório e foi construí­da uma nova planta experimental em menor escala. Na nova planta experimental, foi verificada a possibilidade da adição, ao fluido deslocador, de micropartículas que refletem a luz incidida por feixes de laser formando um plano de vizualização. A maior dificuldade observada para a utilização desta técnica foi encontrar fluidos com í­ndices de refração parecidos. Foram estudados o caso de um fluido newtoniano mais viscoso deslocando um menos viscoso e vice-versa para trás diferentes vazões.Foi observado que quanto menor a vazão, mais plano é o formato da interface entre os fluidos, o que indica um deslocamento mais eficiente.
While drilling and cementing oil and gas wells, a number of fluids circulate in the annular space between the casing and the rock formation. Good cement bonding to the formation or the casing depends on how well the drilling mud can be washed out of the annular space by spacer and washer fluids, and on how well the cement slurry displace the last ones. Failure in cementing can compromise the hydraulic sealing of the well causing serious environmental damages and production losses. Therefore, it is important to study the displacement process of fluids in annular spaces and determine the conditions that guarantee displacement efficiency. In this work fluids displacement in laminar flows were investigated in an annular space formed by concentric cylinders. The displacement efficiency was related to the interface shape between the fluids. Visualization tests were performed in the experimental apparatus existent in the laboratory and a new experimental apparatus was built in a smaller scale. On the new experimental apparatus, the possibility creating a visualization plane by adding tracer particles that reflect the light coming from laser beams to the displacing fluid was verified. The greater difficulty for using this technique is to find fluids with similar refraction indices. The cases of a more viscous Newtonian fluid displacing a less viscous one and vice versa were studied for three different flow rates. Was observed that for lower flowrates, the interface shape is flatter and that indicates a better displacement efficiency.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Na indústria do petróleo são comuns processos envolvendo deslocamentos de um fluido pelo outro, como nos processos de completação e cimentação de poços. A eficiência desses deslocamentos é de suma importância, garantindo a vida útil do poço. A operação é considerada adequada quando ocorre uma distribuição homogênea da pasta de cimento na parede do poço. No presente trabalho um estudo experimental e numérico do deslocamento de fluidos em espaço anular foi realizada. Para os testes experimentais um simulador físico de um poço em escala foi construído. As equações de conservação de massa e momento foram resolvidas através do método de volumes finitos, utilizando os programas Fluent e OpenFOAM. Para a modelagem multifásica foi utilizado o método volume-of-fluid (VOF). No estudo, a avaliação da influência de parâmetros reológicos, razões de densidade e viscosidade, geometria do poço e vazão de bombeio foi realizada com o objetivo de otimizar o processo de cimentação. Os fluidos utilizados foram fluidos modelos e reais, newtonianos e não newtonianos. A eficiência de deslocamento foi avaliada através da configuração da interface entre os fluidos e através da determinação do da densidade da mistura na saída do anular ao longo do tempo.
Displacement of one fluid by another is a common process at petroleum industry, as completion and cementing operations of oil wells. The success of these fluids displacement guarantee the lifetime of the wells. The adequate operation occurs when the cement slurry distribution at the wall is homogeneous. In this work, experimental and numerical studies of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid displacement through annuli are performed. The experiments are performed using a scaled oil well model. The numerical solution of the governing conservation equations of mass and momentum is obtained using the finite volume technique and Fluent and OpenFOAM softwares. The multiphase modeling is performed using the volume of fluid (VOF) method. The effect of rheological parameters, density and viscosity ratios, geometry configuration, and flow rate on displacement efficiency was evaluated to optimize cementing operation. Tests were performed using model and real fluids, Newtonian and non-Newtonian. The displacement efficiency was evaluated analyzing the interface between fluids and measuring the density of the mixture at the annuli outlet through time.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2004.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-64).
The Nanogate is a micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) device that uses a cantilever structure to control the separation between two extremely flat surfaces. It has been proposed that the Nanogate be used as part of a nanoscale instrument for studying the behavior of fluids at the molecular scale. This thesis describes the development of an integrated capacitive displacement sensor which enables nanometer precision measurement of the separation of the surfaces of the Nanogate. The work in this thesis can be divided into two parts: fabrication of a new version of the Nanogate and the development of electronics for the capacitive sensor. The fabrication part involved redesigning the Nanogate package and fabrication process to integrate the capacitive sensing electrodes, as well as to improve the process yield. The development of capacitive sensing electronics for the Nanogate involved the design of an analog front-end to convert capacitance to voltage and a custom high precision data acquisition system to digitize the output. The measured capacitance is converted back to absolute displacement by calibration with a Michelson interferometer-based displacement sensor. The results show a resolution better than 0.1 nm and the long term drift error is less than 1 nm.
by Hongshen Ma.
S.M.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-96).
Conducting polymers are a promising class of electroactive materials that undergo volumetric changes under applied potentials, which make them particularly useful for many actuation applications. Polypyrrole , is one of the most common conducting polymers of choice for the development of actuator technologies and has been well characterized in its mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical response. Although capable of producing almost 10 times more active stress for a given cross-sectional area than skeletal muscle, strains are relatively low on the order of 1 to 2 %, as are strain rates, which are on the order of a couple percent per second. Small strains can be amplified to produce large bending displacements by configuring the conducting polymer film in a trilayer configuration with two conducting polymer films sandwiching an electrolyte gel layer. This thesis focuses on the development of conducting polymer bending actuators in air. There is a strong correlation found between applied voltage, temperature, and the speed of actuation. Several experiments were carried out to determine the effect of temperature on the mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties of the components of the trilayer.
(cont.) This data coupled with thermal profiles of trilayers during actuation, electrochemical profiles, and force generation plots of the trilayers shed light on how these bending actuators can be optimized and integrated into different applications such as propulsion mechanisms for autonomous underwater vehicles.
by Angela Ying Ju Chen.
S.M.

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-84).
by Sheng Tan.
S.M.

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-146).
Displacement ventilation is an air conditioning method that provides conditioned air to indoor environments with the goal to improve air quality while reducing energy consumption. This study investigates the performance of displacement ventilation systems in open plan office environments, focusing on vertical temperature stratification. It explores the possibility of improving the performance of these systems by reducing the temperature stratification at lower levels and allowing them to operate with high cooling loads without exceeding thermal comfort limits. An experimental setup consisting of a scale model of an open plan office room and equipment necessary to provide the experimental conditions was designed and constructed. Steady state experiments on displacement ventilation were conducted. The experiments simulated a variety of cases in terms of heat gain per area, air supply flow rate and slow mixing at lower levels. Temperature distributions in the model and fluid flow rates were measured. Flow visualization was performed to investigate the flow patterns in the office room. The vertical temperature profiles for the considered cases were not linear. The vertical temperature stratification increased when the heat gain in the office increased. It was within the comfort limits for all simulated cases, except the case with the maximum heat gain (38W/m2). The introduction of slow mixing at lower levels decreased the temperature differential in all experiments. This effect of slow mixing was more pronounced at lower heights. This suggested that displacement ventilation may accommodate higher cooling loads if slow mixing at the lower levels is provided. Flow visualization results indicated that the height of the stratification was about 1m above the floor. The plumes over the heat sources had different characteristics, implying the possible importance of the size, shape and spatial distribution of the heat sources.
by Galip Mehmet Okutan.
M.S.

This thesis explores the political dimensions of development-induced displacement and resettlement (DIDR) in the context of oil extraction in Sudan. It provides a detailed perspective on the experience of displacement of the local people in the oil-rich areas of Southern Sudan. It also offers an important insight into the local politics of this much-publicized dimension of Sudan’s political crises. The analytical frameworks common to the field of DIDR, mostly developed through studies of the impact of dams, mainly deal with economic and social aspects of displacement. These frameworks are inadequate for explaining oil-induced displacement, because they largely ignore the political contexts of DIDR: the focus of this thesis. Sudan’s oil project is carried out in the name of the “national interest.” But in reality, it serves the interests of the main beneficiaries: Sudan’s Northern “Arab” and Muslim elites and their supporters. Many Southern Sudanese have had to resort to arms, partly to protect their interests in oil development, and in order to contest the purported “national interest” championed by the government. This thesis problematizes the idea of a “national interest” in Sudan in order to question who benefits from development projects that cause human displacement. It argues that conflicts of interests between central government elites and local peoples best explain why displacement connected to natural resource development occurs in weak states, such as Sudan. As a result, ethnic, religious, linguistic, regional and other identities are often exploited by elites in such states in an “instrumentalist” way so as to gain, or retain, power and access to resources. This is, at the expense of local people adversely affected by development projects.

Les écoulements à déplacement se produisent fréquemment dans les applications naturelles et industrielles. Bien que les déplacements Newtoniens aient été pris en considération dans une grande variété d’études théoriques et expérimentales dans les dernières décennies, un nombre considérable de fluides pratiques présentent des caractéristiques viscoplastiques, rendant la prévision du comportement des écoulements plus difficile. Les écoulement de déplacement viscoplastiques sont généralement contrôlés par un équilibre entre diverses forces, y compris la force visqueuse, la force de flottabilité, la force d’inertie, contrainte d’écoulement, etc., en plus de caractéristiques miscibles et non miscibles. Une compétition entre ces forces peut conduire à des comportements imprévisibles et exotiques de déplacement. Permettant une compréhension approfondie de ces écoulements, dans cette thèse de doctorat nous avons étudié l’écoulement à déplacement d’un fluide viscoplastique par un fluide Newtonien dans une géométrie simple, c.-à-d. un canal étroit et confiné. Dans la première partie de cette thèse (chapitres 1 à 3), nous étudions expérimentalement les écoulements à déplacement non-miscibles d’un fluide viscoplastique par un fluide Newtonien. En particulier, nous analysons le mouvement d’air dans un gel de Carbopol, dans une cellule de Hele-Shaw de section rectangulaire. Cette géométrie est composée de deux plaques parallèles rigides. Nous étudions les résultats en termes d’efficacité de déplacement et de morphologie des modèles d’écoulement. Nous démontrons que les comportements complexes du gel Carbopol, c.-à-d. les fortes propriétés viscoplastiques et les faibles propriétés viscoélastiques, affectent les caractéristiques d’écoulement de déplacement. Ensuite, nous étendons cette étude au déplacement d’un gel de Carbopol par une huile de silicone afin de considérer les effets de la mouillabilité sur l’écoulement. Nous observons qu’une combinaison de comportements viscoplastiques et de mouillabilité exerce un impact significatif sur les modèles d’écoulement à déplacement, pour lesquels quatre régimes d’écoulement différents sont identifiés : un régime capillaire, un régime de contrainte d’écoulement, un régime visqueux et un régime élastoinertiel. Enfin, nous étudions les impacts du rapport d’aspect de la section transversale de la cellule sur les caractéristiques de déplacement viscoplastique. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse (chapitres 4 à 5), nous étudions numériquement les écoulements à déplacement miscibles d’un fluide viscoplastique par un fluide Newtonien dans un long canal plan 2D. Pour un déplacement «heavy-light», l’analyse des modèles d’écoulement en fonction de divers paramètres sans dimension nous permet d’identifier trois régimes d’écoulement distincts : déplacements «center-type»/«slump- type», «back flow»/«no-back flow» et déplacement «stable/instable». Nous décrivons les effets du rapport de viscosité des fluides, de la flottabilité, de la contrainte d’écoulement et de l’inclinaison du canal sur les régimes d’écoulement susmentionnés.
Les écoulements à déplacement se produisent fréquemment dans les applications naturelles et industrielles. Bien que les déplacements Newtoniens aient été pris en considération dans une grande variété d’études théoriques et expérimentales dans les dernières décennies, un nombre considérable de fluides pratiques présentent des caractéristiques viscoplastiques, rendant la prévision du comportement des écoulements plus difficile. Les écoulement de déplacement viscoplastiques sont généralement contrôlés par un équilibre entre diverses forces, y compris la force visqueuse, la force de flottabilité, la force d’inertie, contrainte d’écoulement, etc., en plus de caractéristiques miscibles et non miscibles. Une compétition entre ces forces peut conduire à des comportements imprévisibles et exotiques de déplacement. Permettant une compréhension approfondie de ces écoulements, dans cette thèse de doctorat nous avons étudié l’écoulement à déplacement d’un fluide viscoplastique par un fluide Newtonien dans une géométrie simple, c.-à-d. un canal étroit et confiné. Dans la première partie de cette thèse (chapitres 1 à 3), nous étudions expérimentalement les écoulements à déplacement non-miscibles d’un fluide viscoplastique par un fluide Newtonien. En particulier, nous analysons le mouvement d’air dans un gel de Carbopol, dans une cellule de Hele-Shaw de section rectangulaire. Cette géométrie est composée de deux plaques parallèles rigides. Nous étudions les résultats en termes d’efficacité de déplacement et de morphologie des modèles d’écoulement. Nous démontrons que les comportements complexes du gel Carbopol, c.-à-d. les fortes propriétés viscoplastiques et les faibles propriétés viscoélastiques, affectent les caractéristiques d’écoulement de déplacement. Ensuite, nous étendons cette étude au déplacement d’un gel de Carbopol par une huile de silicone afin de considérer les effets de la mouillabilité sur l’écoulement. Nous observons qu’une combinaison de comportements viscoplastiques et de mouillabilité exerce un impact significatif sur les modèles d’écoulement à déplacement, pour lesquels quatre régimes d’écoulement différents sont identifiés : un régime capillaire, un régime de contrainte d’écoulement, un régime visqueux et un régime élastoinertiel. Enfin, nous étudions les impacts du rapport d’aspect de la section transversale de la cellule sur les caractéristiques de déplacement viscoplastique. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse (chapitres 4 à 5), nous étudions numériquement les écoulements à déplacement miscibles d’un fluide viscoplastique par un fluide Newtonien dans un long canal plan 2D. Pour un déplacement «heavy-light», l’analyse des modèles d’écoulement en fonction de divers paramètres sans dimension nous permet d’identifier trois régimes d’écoulement distincts : déplacements «center-type»/«slump- type», «back flow»/«no-back flow» et déplacement «stable/instable». Nous décrivons les effets du rapport de viscosité des fluides, de la flottabilité, de la contrainte d’écoulement et de l’inclinaison du canal sur les régimes d’écoulement susmentionnés.
Displacement flows frequently occur in natural and industrial applications. Although Newtonian displacements have been considered in a wide range of theoretical and experimental studies in the recent decades, a considerable number of practical fluids exhibit viscoplastic features, making it hard to predict the flow behaviors. Viscoplastic displacement flows are generally controlled by a balance between a variety of forces, including viscous, buoyant, inertial, yield stress, etc., in addition to miscible and immiscible features. A competition between these forces may lead to exotic, unpredictable displacement flow behaviors. To provide a deep understanding of these flows, in this Ph.D. thesis we investigate the displacement flow of a viscoplastic fluid by a Newtonian fluid in a simple flow geometry, i.e., a narrow confined channel. In the first part of this thesis (Chapters 1-3), we experimentally study immiscible displacement flows of a viscoplastic fluid by a Newtonian fluid. In particular, we analyze the invasion of air into a Carbopol gel in a rectangular cross-section Hele-Shaw cell. This flow geometry is composed of two rigid parallel plates with a small gap. We study the results in terms of the displacement efficiency and morphology of the flow patterns. We demonstrate that the complex behaviors of the Carbopol gel, i.e., strong viscoplastic properties and weak viscoelastic properties, affect the displacement flow features. We then extend this study to the displacement of a Carbopol gel by silicon oil in order to consider the effects of wettability on the flow. We observe that a combination of viscoplastic behaviors and wettability exerts a significant impact on the displacement flow patterns, for which four different flow regimes are identified a capillary regime, a yield stress regime, a viscous regime and an elasto-inertial regime. Finally, we investigate the impacts of the cell cross-section aspect ratio on viscoplastic displacement flow features. In the second part of this thesis (Chapters 4-5), we numerically study miscible displacement flows of a viscoplastic fluid by a Newtonian fluid in a long 2D plane channel. For a heavy-light displacement, analyzing the displacement flow patterns as a function of various dimensionless parameters allows us to identify three distinct flow regimes center/slump-type, back/no-backflow and stable/unstable displacements. We describe the effects of the viscosity ratio of fluids, buoyancy, yield stress and channel inclination on the aforementioned flow regimes.
Displacement flows frequently occur in natural and industrial applications. Although Newtonian displacements have been considered in a wide range of theoretical and experimental studies in the recent decades, a considerable number of practical fluids exhibit viscoplastic features, making it hard to predict the flow behaviors. Viscoplastic displacement flows are generally controlled by a balance between a variety of forces, including viscous, buoyant, inertial, yield stress, etc., in addition to miscible and immiscible features. A competition between these forces may lead to exotic, unpredictable displacement flow behaviors. To provide a deep understanding of these flows, in this Ph.D. thesis we investigate the displacement flow of a viscoplastic fluid by a Newtonian fluid in a simple flow geometry, i.e., a narrow confined channel. In the first part of this thesis (Chapters 1-3), we experimentally study immiscible displacement flows of a viscoplastic fluid by a Newtonian fluid. In particular, we analyze the invasion of air into a Carbopol gel in a rectangular cross-section Hele-Shaw cell. This flow geometry is composed of two rigid parallel plates with a small gap. We study the results in terms of the displacement efficiency and morphology of the flow patterns. We demonstrate that the complex behaviors of the Carbopol gel, i.e., strong viscoplastic properties and weak viscoelastic properties, affect the displacement flow features. We then extend this study to the displacement of a Carbopol gel by silicon oil in order to consider the effects of wettability on the flow. We observe that a combination of viscoplastic behaviors and wettability exerts a significant impact on the displacement flow patterns, for which four different flow regimes are identified a capillary regime, a yield stress regime, a viscous regime and an elasto-inertial regime. Finally, we investigate the impacts of the cell cross-section aspect ratio on viscoplastic displacement flow features. In the second part of this thesis (Chapters 4-5), we numerically study miscible displacement flows of a viscoplastic fluid by a Newtonian fluid in a long 2D plane channel. For a heavy-light displacement, analyzing the displacement flow patterns as a function of various dimensionless parameters allows us to identify three distinct flow regimes center/slump-type, back/no-backflow and stable/unstable displacements. We describe the effects of the viscosity ratio of fluids, buoyancy, yield stress and channel inclination on the aforementioned flow regimes.

The digital displacement hydraulic piston pump is a hybrid device which combines a microcompressor with an established form of high-pressure pump to create a highly integrated machine which can produce a variable high-power output directly from an electronic command. The actively controlled inlet poppet-valve in each cylinder can be held open against the discharging flow in order to disable it during a single cycle. Cylinders can be disabled in this manner, following a maximally smooth sequence, allowing a controlled output flow to be achieved. A compliant device located near the pump, such as an accumulator, provides time-averaging of the flow pulsations in order to minimise the effects of the quantisation error caused by cylinder disabling. The advantages of this approach over the conventional variable-swash axial piston pump lie with both the response speed and the inherent energy efficiency of real-time cylinder selection. Disabling cylinders in this way restricts parasitic losses to very low levels since unused cylinders are not pressurised nor do they incur loads on their associated bearings. The response time of the pump is related to shaft speed, with the pump able to attain either full or zero output from any starting condition, in less than a single shaft revolution. At induction motor speeds this allows large-signal response times of the same order as those achieved by commercial proportional valves. The thesis chronicles the development of the Digital Displacement pump. It begins with the formulation of a simulation model which is able to predict the behaviour of the machine in both flow and pressure control modes. The valve control possibilities are then explored and the design of active valve latches using finite-element analysis described. The sinusoidal flow forces on the disabled poppet are evaluated through a large range of experiments and the results condensed into parametric equations useful for predicting the valve latching requirements of most machines. The mechanical and electronic hardware design, leading to the construction of the prototype, is then discussed.

The dynamics of spin and mechanical displacement in ionic materials are independently well understood. This abstract work aims to investigate the spin and the displacement dynamics of two ions, while including coupled interactions between the ions’ spin and displacement. I have found that the dynamics depend on the speed of both the spin and the displacement.
Joners spinn- respektive förflyttningsdynamik har väl etablerade teoretiska grunder. Med syftet att utöka den teoretiska kunskapen undersöker jag hur spinn- och förflyttningsdynamiken hos två joner påverkas av kopplade interaktioner mellan deras spinn och förflyttning. Resultatet visar att dynamiken beror på spinnets och förflyttningens farter.

This thesis consists of a comprehensive overview and a compilation of three articles. The thesis studies the extent of displaced persons' inclusion in, and policy articulations about, resolving their protracted displacement (PD). Specifically, it explores the perceptions of Liberian refugees in Ghana and Tamil IDPs in Sri Lanka) respectively, about the solutions they consider viable in addressing their PD. It examines some policy articulations and practices around displaced persons' inclusion, and the ways in which these enable and/or constrain the latter. It also aassesses the ways in which humanitarian interventions are addressing (or not) the concerns of displaced persons. Though not dealt with on a comparative basis, both displacement situations offer complementary and contrasting insights into practices around the search for solutions, and the extent of inclusion of displaced persons' views. Part one comprises of the introduction; the background to the study areas; the methodology, methods employed and reflections on the position of the researcher's in the research process; the theoretical and conceptual perspectives; and the final conclusions. The introduction problematises protracted displacement and the search for solutions to it, and outlines the main objectives and questions of the study among other issues of relevance. Various approaches to ethnography, on a short and long-term basis, provide a means of studying the subjective perceptions of different actors and engaging with displaced persons' views. Eclectic theoretical and conceptual insights are drawn from actor-oriented perspectives and the socio-spatial production of space. They help research certain constructions around territory, nation-state and home in the context of displaced persons' rights. The final section synthesizes the articles in relation to the overview, and offers some concluding reflections and lessons learnt from the research endeavour. Part two consists of three articles. The first and third articles, respectively, explore IDPs' and refugees' views about the solutions implemented on their behalf as well as their conceptions about home. Their views are counter-posed to dominant government, implementing agencies' constructions and practices around the right to return and solutions to displacement. The second article discusses the challenges of implementing humanitarian policies on behalf of displaced persons, and serves as a contextual and conceptual backdrop that links the two articles.

In this thesis we study the standard probabilistic model for hashing with linear probing. The main purpose is to determine the asymptotic distribution for the maximum displacement. Depending on the ratio between the number of items and the number of cells, there are several cases to consider. Paper I solves the problem for the special case of almost full hash tables. That is, hash tables where every cell but one is occupied. Paper II completes the analysis by solving the problem for all remaining cases. That is, for every case where the number of items divided by the number of cells lies in the interval [0,1]. The last two papers treat quite different topics. Paper III studies the area covered by the supremum process of Brownian motion. One of the main theorems in Paper I is expressed in terms of the Laplace transform of this area. Paper IV provides a new sufficient condition for a collection of independent random variables to be negatively associated when conditioned on their total sum. The condition applies to a collection of independent Borel-distributed random variables, which made it possible to prove a Poisson approximation that where essential for the completion of Paper II.

Syfte: Syfte med uppsatsen är att öka vår kunskap om product displacement samt att utreda den påverkan product displacement har på mottagaren sett ur ett marknadsföringsperspektiv. Pararellt undersöks om fenomenet kan vara en fördel eller nackdel i marknadskommunikationen. Utgångspunkten i utredningen är att varumärkesinnehavare själva använder sig av product displacement. Metod: Denna studie har genomförts med en kvalitativ metod och induktiv ansats. Metodvalet har sin utgångspunkt i den bristande teorin då fenomenet product displacement är ett nytt begrepp sett ur ett marknadsföringsperspektiv. Undersökningen bygger på tjugo kvalitativa intervjuer med mottagare av product displacement samt två respondenter med yrkesanknytning inom marknadsföring. Avgränsningar: Denna uppsats behandlar endast product displacements effekter på mottagaren som i vårt fall är begränsat till studenter i ålder 20-25 år. Product displacement behandlas som en möjlig marknadsföringsstrategi förutsatt att varumärkesinnehavare själva använder denna. Slutsatser: Product displacement medför ett överraskningsmoment som genererar känslor för mottagaren. Mottagaren gör associationer till det ursprungliga varumärket och får därmed en ökad brand awareness som i sin tur leder till engagemang i form av bland annat word-of-mouth.
The purpose of this thesis is to discuss the impact that product displacement has on the receiver from a marketing communication perspective. This thesis is built upon that the companies themselves make use of this possible marketing strategy. This study is based on a qualitative method with an inductive approach. The main choice of methods has its origins in the lack of product displacements theory since it is a new concept from a marketing communication perspective. The survey is based on twenty interviews with recipients of the phenomenon and two respondents with professional ties.  This thesis deals only with the effects off the product displacement phenomenon on the receiver, as in our case, is limited to students with 20-25 years of age.