Relevant bibliographies by topics / Disposal incomes

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Disposal incomes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 November 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Disposal incomes"

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Usmanova, Muxlisa Sagdullayevna. "ANALYSIS OF POPULATION INCOME COMPOSITION AND THEIR TAXATION IN UZBEKISTAN." International journal of trends in business administration 13, no. 1 (2023): 2–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7653249.

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The rapid growth of Uzbekistan population's real incomes and the increase in the amount of income at their disposal is a very important and urgent task facing the government. As a result of the fundamental reforms carried out in recent years, the gross domestic product of our country is growing, and, in turn, the real incomes of the population are increasing. The role of the income taxation mechanism in this matter is very significant. This article provides a detailed analysis of the structure of the population's income and their taxation in our country.
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van der Werf, Paul, Kristian Larsen, Jamie A. Seabrook, and Jason Gilliland. "How Neighbourhood Food Environments and a Pay-as-You-Throw (PAYT) Waste Program Impact Household Food Waste Disposal in the City of Toronto." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (2020): 7016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177016.

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Household food waste has negative, and largely unnecessary, environmental, social and economic impacts. A better understanding of current household food waste disposal is needed to help develop and implement effective interventions to reduce food wasting. A four-season waste characterization study was undertaken with 200 single-family households across eight neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The City of Toronto provides residents with a pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste program that includes a choice of four garbage cart sizes (Small [S], Medium [M], Large [L], Extra Large [XL]), with in
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Fazilov, Farkhod. "THE GENESIS OF MONEY LAUNDERING." Jurisprudence 1, no. 1 (2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51788/tsul.jurisprudence.1.1./qpks7411.

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This article analyzes the general concept of legalization of incomes received from criminal activities. The author drew attention to the fact that the legalization of income derived from criminal activity represents a serious threat to national interests since it is a necessary condition for the creation and functioning of organized crime in various spheres of social life. Legalization of revenue received from criminal activities is a criminal and socially dangerous act constituting transfer, conversion, or exchange of property, which has been obtained as a result of criminal activities, as we
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Ashenmiller, B. "Cash Recycling, Waste Disposal Costs, and the Incomes of the Working Poor: Evidence from California." Land Economics 85, no. 3 (2009): 539–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/le.85.3.539.

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Ghazali, Ihwan, and Novita Sakundarini. "E-Waste Recycling and Why It Is Important." Bincang Sains dan Teknologi 3, no. 01 (2024): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.56741/bst.v3i01.502.

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The exponential growth of electronic waste (e-waste) has become a pressing concern. This alarming trend is expected to persist. The study identifies falling prices as a primary driver behind the surge in e-waste, making electronic devices more affordable and accessible globally. Developing countries, particularly in Asia, bear a significant share of this burden, as a burgeoning middle class with disposable incomes contributes to increased purchases and frequent replacements of electronic goods. Asia alone accounts for more than 40 percent of the global e-waste generated. The critical need for
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Freu, Christel. "Labour status and economic stratification in the Roman world: the hierarchy of wages in Egypt." Journal of Roman Archaeology 28 (2015): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047759415002445.

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The hierarchy of workers’ incomes and wages in the Roman world has long drawn the attention of scholars. The series of workers’ wages we have at our disposal comes mostly from Roman and Byzantine Egypt: account books, labour contracts, and orders or receipts of payment on papyri and ostraca. Since the 1930s, lists of wages and prices have been compiled, firstly, to study the purchasing power of the working population and, secondly, to classify the trades according to the workers’ qualifications and to the location of employment.
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SAW,, AMAN. "Youth’s Perspectives and Behavior on E- Waste Disposal and Recycling." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 09, no. 04 (2025): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem44858.

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This research paper addresses the critical issue of electronic waste (e-waste) management in India, with a specific focus on the perceptions and behaviors of the youth towards its disposal and recycling. Globally, the escalating consumption of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) has resulted in a significant increase in e-waste, posing substantial environmental and economic challenges. In 2023, worldwide e-waste generation reached 63 million metric tonnes (MMT), a figure projected to rise to 100-105 MMT by 2034, indicating a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 5%. This growing waste st
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Ntaganira, E., NK Taremwa, E. Majiwa, F. Niyitanga, and P. Uwimana. "Impact of contract farming on the income of smallholder dairy farmers from Nyagatare district in the Eastern Province of Rwanda." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 23, no. 5 (2023): 23465–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.120.22745.

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The demand for dairy milk and its products is projected to increase significantly in the developing countries by the year 2030. Globally, close to 6 billion people consume milk and other dairy products due to rising earnings, population expansion, urbanization, and dietary changes. The projected increase in demand for dairy milk and its products thus requires enhanced productivity by the dairy farmers. However, dairy farming is relatively capital intensive which requires dairy farmers to have disposal income to run the venture. Contract farming is gradually being embraced in Rwanda as a viable
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Abughazyain, Khawla, Sergany Moetaz El, and Mohammad Aljaradin. "Clothing Waste Management: Supporting Extended Producer Responsibility in UAE." Sustainable Resources Management Journal 9, no. 1 (2024): 10–19. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12607687.

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This research explores the feasibility of implementing extended producer responsibility (EPR) to address the growing challenge of clothing waste management in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). With an increasing population and rising disposable incomes running the fashion industry, the UAE presents a viable market for recycled textile products. This research examines global practices of EPR in the textile sector, highlighting government-driven initiatives aimed at reshaping waste management in fast fashion.The study employs online questionnaire to 65 consumers across various Emirates in the UAE
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Fitria, Nada, Jakiatin Nisa, and Syairul Bahar. "Dampak Sosial Ekonomi Tempat Pembuangan Akhir (TPA) Sampah Cipeucang Bagi Pemulung Sekitar." Sosio-Didaktika: Social Science Education Journal 11, no. 1 (2024): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/sd.v11i1.38611.

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Cipeucang landfill has become a place where waste collects which has a direct impact on local scavengers. The proximity of the scavenger community's residential location in Serpong Subdistrict to the landfill site means that the scavenger community is vulnerable to coming into contact with waste. This research aims to determine the socio-economic impact of the Cipeucang waste final disposal site (TPA) on local scavengers. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative approach. with this type of phenomenological research. The object of this research is society. scavengers who ar
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Disposal incomes"

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Gripsiou, Argyro. "La polarisation socio-économique interne des quartiers urbains des grandes métropoles de la façade méditerranéenne française." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0157.

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Espace privilégié de manifestation des inégalités sociales, la ville est souvent partagée en quartiers très différents du point de vue des ressources socio-économiques de leurs habitants. Cette division de l’espace urbain selon ces ressources est parfois décrite comme une forme de ségrégation sociale de la ville. Cette ségrégation socio-spatiale est fréquemment décrite dans la littérature des sciences sociales à travers la mesure des différences entre les quartiers. Sans ignorer cette réalité urbaine, cette thèse s’intéresse aux espaces infra-communaux (ici appréhendés par les IRIS) au sein de
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Lahoud, Joe, and Davor Bosnic. "The Effect of Education on Disposable Income Distribution." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-17601.

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The purpose of this thesis is to  examine the education level and its role on income distribution in the member states of the European Union (EU). The data are assembled given the period between 2005 and 2009 with a cross- country data analysis. Knight & Sabot argue that high schooling level narrows income distribution, due to "wage compression". Our analysis denotes that education is an important contributor to changes in income distribution. Higher educational levels usually refer to more equal distribution, and vice versa. Also, welfare regimes role on distribution of income is an impor
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Grundsten, Ronja. "Immigration and Income Inequality in Sweden." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44064.

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Income inequality has been on the rise in many industrialised countries since around the 1980’s. In Sweden the increase of income inequality has been particularly large. This in spite of Sweden’s extensive redistribution system and public policy that prioritize equality among its population. This paper investigates a potential factor for the rise in inequality that is yet fairly unexplored, namely immigration. As inequality has increased in Sweden, so has also immigration. Sweden experienced large refugee inflows after the 1970’s, the largest flow consisting of circa 100 000 Yugoslavs during t
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Nshimirimana, Jules. "Attitudes and behaviour of low-income households towards the management of domestic solid waste in Tafelsig, Mitchell's Plain." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Solid waste management in South Africa has been focussing on the technical issues of waste disposal with little attention paid to the social and economic aspects of households. It is important to find out the impact of the attitude and perception of households on solid waste management, especially in low-income areas to be able to deal with the deplorabe domestic solid waste management in such areas. The quantity of solid waste generated in low-income areas is often assumed to be less than the solid waste generated in high-income neighbourhoods. In most of the townships of low-income household
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Ung, Kevin, and Isabela Olsson. "The effects of immigration on income distribution: The Swedish case." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85845.

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The purpose of this essay is to study what impact immigration has on the Swedish income distribution for the period 1992-2005. This essay uses a two-folded approach to study the income distribution, first, an income inequality measure will be investigated in order to find if the inequality increases or decreases by the increased immigration. Secondly, we estimate a quantile regression for the 10th, 50th and 90th percentiles for the period 1992, 1995, 2000 and2005, together with an OLS regression in order to find the income gap between the immigrants and natives, which is analysed for males and
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Mazinyo, Sonwabo Perez. "Community participation in solid waste management in high-density low-income areas: the case of C-Section in Duncan Village." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/261.

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Solid waste management in high density low-income areas is a problem that manifests itself in ubiquitous illegal dumpsites and unhealthy living environmental conditions. Community participation in solid waste management in Duncan Village, C-Section has been found to be part of the solution to this problem. This study investigates community participation in SWM at household level, community waste project level and at informal salvaging/scavenging level. The integration of community participation into existing Buffalo City Municipality waste management plans and the nature of the relationship be
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Nkansah, Andrews. "Management of faecal sludge in the urban areas of low-income countries : a case of Tamale, Ghana." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5561.

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Effective management of the excreta or faecal sludge (FS) emptying, transport and disposal mechanisms from the on-plot latrines in urban areas of many low-income countries is critical for the sustainability of urban sanitation. However the literature mentions the lack of an effective management system for urban FS emptying, transport and disposal in the low-income countries. The current management of FS has been fragmented and improper with attendant poor health and environmental pollution problems. In particular, no substantive information was found relating to how far the excreta or sludge r
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Volkaitė, Justina, and Gintarė Žebrauskytė. "Lietuvos namų ūkių disponuojamų pajamų analizė ir perspektyvos." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100903_001618-09221.

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Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamos Lietuvos namų ūkio nariui tenkančios vidutinės mėnesio disponuojamos pajamos ir numatomos šių pajamų perspektyvos. Teoriniu aspektu analizuojama pajamų sąvoka, jų gavimo šaltiniai ir klasifikacija. Išskiriamos dvi pagrindinės disponuojamų pajamų funkcijos (vartojimas ir taupymas) ir jų pokyčius sąlygojantys veiksniai. Empirinėje darbo dalyje išanalizuota Lietuvos namų ūkio nariui per mėnesį tenkančių disponuojamų pajamų dinamika ir struktūra. Norint nustatyti veiksnius, lėmusius tokias disponuojamų pajamų kitimo tendencijas, atlikta priklausomybės tarp
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Мотишена, В. В. "Статистичне дослідження макроекономічних показників України". Thesis, Одеський національний економічний університет, 2020. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/12544.

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У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти статистичного вивчення основних макроекономічних показників України, методи їх розрахунку та аналізу. Проаналізовано динаміку, процес формування та структуру валового внутрішнього продукту, валового національного доходу та валового національного наявного доходу, вплив зміни структурних елементів на загальний обсяг валового внутрішнього продукту, розраховано інтегральні показники структурних зрушень, а також проведено дослідження галузевої структури, узагальнено зарубіжний досвід у цій сфері. Запропоновано основні напрями покращення ситуації, яка скла
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Zhang, Qiongyan. "The Consumption Function of Luxury Goods." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för teknik och samhälle, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3405.

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The goal of this thesis will be to formulate an economic model that exposes the relationship between consumption of luxury goods and selected factors which includes advertising, disposable income, interest rate, price index and stock premium. By building the Multiple Linear Regressions model to formulate the consumption function and using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) as the method, it becomes apparent that advertising, disposable income and the previous quarter´s disposable income are the major variables to affect luxury good consumption, of all the factors. Furthermore, the previous quart
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Books on the topic "Disposal incomes"

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Borooah, Vani K. Consumer expenditure and disposable income: Two neglected issues. University of Ulster, 1990.

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Macklem, R. Tiff. Wealth, disposable income and consumption: Some evidence for Canada. Bank of Canada, 1994.

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Moore, Jim. Trends in the disposable incomes of Australian families, 1964-65 to 1985-86. Social Security Review, Dept. of Social Security, 1986.

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(Canada), National Council of Welfare. The impact of the 1985 and 1986 budgets on disposable income. The Council, 1986.

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National Council of Welfare (Canada). Impact of the 1985 and 1986 Budgets on Disposable Income. Canada. s.n, 1986.

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United Nations Centre for Human Settlements., ed. Solid waste management in low-income housing projects: The scope for community participation. United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), 1989.

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Canada. Statistics Canada. Analytical Studies Branch. New views on inequality in Canada and the United States. Statistics Canada, 1999.

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Carroll, Chris. Buffer-stock saving and the life cycle/permanent income hypothesis. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1996.

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Rushbrook, Philip. Solid waste landfills in middle- and lower-income countries: A technical guide to planning, design, and operation. World Bank, 1999.

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McGirr, Michael. A study of the markets for innovatibve dairy products, particularly nutraceuticals, in countries with high disposable incomes. Nuffield Farming Scholarships Trust, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "Disposal incomes"

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García Cruz, Gustavo Adolfo. "Household Disposable Personal Income." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_1320.

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Cruz, Gustavo Adolfo García. "Household Disposable Personal Income." In Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1320.

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Ammermann, Sascha, Luise Bauer, Rita Bolleyer, and Stefan Hauf. "Balance of Payments Statistics–a Building Block for National Accounts." In Measuring International Economics. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-77193-4_7.

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Abstract The national accounts and balance of payments are conceptually consistent in terms of internationally coordinated sets of rules. These are currently the System of National Accounts 2008 for the national accounts, and the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual 2009 for the balance of payments. In keeping with these guidelines (which, in the case of the national accounts, are fleshed out further in the European System of Accounts 2010 for the European Union), the Federal Statistical Office and the Deutsche Bundesbank cooperate closely in producing their results
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Cairncross, Sandy, and Richard Feachem. "Excreta disposal in low and middle income countries." In Environmental Health Engineering in the Tropics. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315883946-7.

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Ncube, Mthuli, and Eliphas Ndou. "Monetary Policy, Disposable Income and Consumption." In Monetary Policy and the Economy in South Africa. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137334152_5.

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O’Donoghue, Cathal, Karyn Morrissey, Philip Hayes, Jason Loughrey, Joanne Banks, and Stephen Hynes. "The Spatial Distribution of Household Disposable Income." In Spatial Microsimulation for Rural Policy Analysis. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30026-4_11.

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Dauderstädt, Michael. "Disposable Income Inequality, Cohesion and Crisis in Europe." In Reducing Inequalities. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65006-7_2.

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Chirico, Paolo. "A Clusterwise Regression Method for the Prediction of the Disposal Income in Municipalities." In Classification and Data Mining. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28894-4_21.

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Heim, John J. "A Note on the Disposable Income Variable Used in Consumption Models." In Crowding Out Fiscal Stimulus. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45967-7_13.

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Inoue, Nozomu, Shigeru Matsumoto, and Minoru Morita. "Inequalities in the Impact of the Carbon Tax in Japan." In Economics, Law, and Institutions in Asia Pacific. Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6964-7_12.

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Abstract Although Japan’s current carbon tax rate is much lower than the rates applied in European countries, the Japanese government may increase the tax rate in the near future, in order to strengthen measures to combat global warming. Since a country’s carbon-pricing policy does not distort its economy, it is considered to be an efficient policy measure. However, the burden of carbon pricing varies across regions and across households. Since low-income households generally allocate a larger proportion of their disposable income to energy costs than high-income households, the burden of carb
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Conference papers on the topic "Disposal incomes"

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Varga, Erzsebet Terez. "COMPARISON OF SEPARATED FAMILIES’ STANDARD OF LIVING IN GERMANY Analyzing the Equalised Incomes in Simulated Families after Child Support and Child Benefit Paid." In 36th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2022-0084.

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In this paper, I describe the inequality in the standard of living in Germany after divorce and compare their risk of poverty. The one-parent families have the highest poverty risk everywhere in the world. In Germany, a directive is available for anybody to determine the child support geared to the non-custodial parent’s disposable income. Assuming that the non-custodial parent pays child support following this directive of düsseldorfer tables I found deep differences in the equalised incomes of the divorced households in simulated cases. Equalised incomes were determined by two types of the O
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Navickė, Jekaterina, and Romas Lazutka. "Functional and personal income distribution in the baltics: comparison of national and households accounts." In Business and Management 2016. VGTU Technika, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/bm.2016.38.

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In this paper we aim to cover the gap in analysis of functional distribution of National income at the macroeconomic level and personal income distribution at the microlevel. We compare the information provided in the National Accounts and in the EU Survey on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) for the three Baltic states and in a wider EU context to establish the links between the economic prosperity at the macro level and income distribution at individual level. Comparative design helps identify differences in income structure and inequality within similar socio-economic conditions. As de
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Wang, Xueqin, Yuyao He, and Meng Yang. "Research on the relationship between disposable income and real consumption expenditure." In 2017 International Conference on Economics and Management, Education, Humanities and Social Sciences (EMEHSS 2017). Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emehss-17.2017.40.

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Chen, Zhongwen. "Optimal Model of Forecasting the Per Capita Disposable Income of Urban Residents." In 2016 International Conference on Computer and Information Technology Applications. Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iccita-16.2016.45.

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"Grey Relational Analysis on Disposable Income and Consumption Expenditure for Urban Residents." In 2018 4th International Conference on Economics, Management and Humanities Science. Francis Academic Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/ecomhs.2018.127.

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Sena, Debasish, and Naresh Kumar Nagwani. "Application of time series based prediction model to forecast per capita disposable income." In 2015 IEEE International Advance Computing Conference (IACC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iadcc.2015.7154749.

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Mamajonov, Ilhomiddin, and Meirambek Zhaparov. "Development of Mobile Inventory App for Science Lab of High School." In Third International Conference on Information Systems in Higher Education. AIJR Publisher, 2025. https://doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.174.4.

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In homes, universities, and school labs, chemical compounds are used often. Numerous combinations can expose human beings to risk their fitness and protection. Skin contact, inhalation, or oral ingestion can all cause exposure. The control of dangerous chemical compounds, such as purchase, usage and disposal, must be accomplished through a department's laboratory inventory program. Safe chemical handling, storage, transportation, and disposal are components of an efficient chemical management program. This research aims to create lab inventory, a mobile android app for handling the high school
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Yang, Na. "Analysis the Influence of Guilin Tourism Economic Income on the Per Capita Disposable Income of Urban Residents Based on GIS Technology." In BDSIC 2020: 2020 2nd International Conference on Big-data Service and Intelligent Computation. ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3440054.3440060.

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Gogola, Erik. "The Impact of Financial Literacy on Debt Behavior of Households: Evidence from Micro Data." In EDAMBA 2022: 25th International Scientific Conference for Doctoral Students and Post-Doctoral Scholars. University of Economics in Bratislava, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53465/edamba.2022.9788022550420.128-139.

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While several papers have focused on the effect of financial literacy on household retirement savings or investment choices, this paper is devoted to its impact on households’ debt behavior. We utilize Slovak household finance and consumer survey (HFCS) microdata to analyze the impact of the objective level of financial literacy on Slovak households ́ debt behavior. We find that Slovak households display different debt behavior with respect to varying levels of financial literacy. We focus on high-cost credit products and find that a household ́s financial literacy does not have a statisticall
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Glaser-Opitzová, Helena, and Mária Vojtková. "THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED FACTORS ON THE AT-RISK-OF-POVERTY RATE OF SLOVAK HOUSEHOLDS." In Fourth International Scientific Conference ITEMA Recent Advances in Information Technology, Tourism, Economics, Management and Agriculture. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/itema.s.p.2020.107.

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Since the goal of any advanced society is to reduce poverty and improve the social status of the population, it is important to know the causes of its emergence. In connection with Slovakia's membership in the European Union, we have taken over European legislation in this area. The Europe 2020 strategy is currently in force in the countries of the European Union, while one of its five main objectives is "Fight against poverty and social exclusion". Poverty research is undoubtedly a topical, multidimensional problem. One of the issues it focuses on is the so-called income poverty. The poverty
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Reports on the topic "Disposal incomes"

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Cohen, Peter, Jeroen Ijgosse, and Germán Sturzenegger. Preparing Informal Recycler Inclusion Plans: An Operational Guide. Inter-American Development Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006222.

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This document objective is to assist practitioners and decision-makers engaged in the preparation and implementation of inclusion plans for informal recyclers working at final disposal sites. The key question addressed by this Guide is how to work with informal recyclers and other actors in the development of viable and sustainable solutions - both within and beyond the existing waste stream - that will allow informal recyclers affected by solid waste projects, such as the construction, rehabilitation or closure of final disposal sites, to maintain or increase their incomes in improved working
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Deza, María Cecilia, Mariana Dondo, H. Xavier Jara, David Arturo Rodríguez Guerrero, and Javier Torres. Assessing the Role of Tax-benefit Systems in Reducing the Gender Income Gap in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18235/0013356.

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This paper aims to assess the extent to which cash transfers, direct taxes, and social contributions help to reduce gender income inequalities in seven Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Uruguay. We apply microsimulation techniques to household survey data and allocate incomes within the household, assuming that each person retains the income they receive (e.g., earnings, benefits targeting mothers) and pays taxes and social insurance contributions on an individual basis according to each countrys rules. Then, we compare gender income ratios base
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Occhiali, Giovanni, Giulia Mascagni, Wilson Prichard, and Martin Hearson. Taxing the Wealthy in Lower-Income Countries: Why It’s Important, and How to Do It. Institute of Development Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2025.007.

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The world is experiencing multiple crises, including increasing global tension, skyrocketing debt levels, and climate change. Lower-income countries (LICs) are bearing the brunt of these crises. Their finances, both from domestic sources and international aid, are not growing sufficiently to meet their needs. Their expenditure requirements are higher than ever - improving services, expanding social protection, and promoting investment all add to the bill. This policy brief argues that one of the tools that LIC governments have at their disposal is particularly under-utilised – taxing the wealt
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Doorley, Karina, Luke Duggan, Agathe Simon, and Dora Tuda. Distributional impact of tax and welfare policies: Budget 2024. ESRI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/qec2023win_sa_doorley.

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In this Special Article we analyse the distributional impact of Budget 2024. Similar to last year, many reforms in this budget were temporary measures specifically aimed at combatting cost of living pressures. Compared to a baseline pegged to wage growth, we estimate that Budget 2024 will leave households across the income distribution better off, by 2.1 per cent of disposable income on average. The lowest income quintile of households experience the largest relative gain (5-6 per cent of disposable income) but the lowest cash gain (€13-€17 per week). Much of the income gain is driven by tempo
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Aref-Adib, Camron, Emily Fry, and Zachary Leather. At your service? Why the 2025 Spending Review must reckon with the distribution of public service use. The Resolution Foundation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63492/zvyn2275.

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Post-Covid, the British state is estimated to have reached a historic high of 45 per cent of the size of the economy. Past strategies to cope with increasing pressure on public services such as cutting defence to help fund growing health and welfare spending, and cuts to ‘unprotected’ public services after the financial crisis, have run out of road. Against this challenging context, the upcoming Spending Review provides an opportunity to focus on the living standards of lower-income families, following an Autumn Budget and Spring Statement that lowered the disposable incomes of poorer families
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Corlett, Adam, and Lalitha Try. Happy new tax year 2025: Tax, utility bill and social security changes in April 2025. The Resolution Foundation, 2025. https://doi.org/10.63492/xjuk4691.

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April brings with it a series of tax, benefit and bill rises. In this note – the fourth in an annual series – we examine what these changes will mean for households and the overall outlook for disposable incomes in 2025-26.
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Doorley, Karina, Shane Dunne, Claire Keane, Simona Sándorová, and Agathe Simon. Distributional impact of tax and welfare policies: Budget 2025. ESRI, 2024. https://doi.org/10.26504/qec2024win_sa_doorley.

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In this Special Article we analyse the distributional impact of Budget 2025. Similar to last year, many reforms in this Budget were temporary measures specifically aimed at combatting cost of living pressures. Compared to a baseline pegged to wage growth, the permanent measures, such as increases in the tax band, tax credits and social welfare rates, are broadly progressive, with households in the bottom quintile of income expected to see an increase of around 0.9% of equivalised disposable income, and those in the top quintile to see increases of 0.5%. When accounting for temporary measures,
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Deza, María Cecilia, Tatiana Andrea Gélvez Rubio, Diana Gutiérrez Preciado, H. Xavier Jara, and David Arturo Rodríguez Guerrero. Assessing the Effect of Fiscal Policies on the Gender Income Gap in Central America, Panama and the Dominican Republic. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012901.

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Persistent gender economic differences have led to an extensive amount of literature devoted to the gender wage gap. However, wages are only one component of income for women and men, and self-employment income, non-labour income, taxes, pensions, and benefits are mostly omitted from the analysis. In this paper we contribute to the small but growing literature of gendered fiscal incidence by studying the effect of taxes, social insurance contributions and benefits on the gender gaps in disposable income for five Central American countries: El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Panama, and Domini
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Carroll, Daniel R., André Victor D. Luduvice, and Eric R. Young. Optimal Fiscal Reform with Many Taxes. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202307.

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We study the optimal one-shot tax reform in the standard incomplete markets model where households differ in their wealth, earnings, permanent labor skill, and age. The government can provide transfers by raising tax revenue and has several tax instruments at its disposal: a flat capital income tax, a flat consumption tax, and a non-linear labor income tax. The optimal fiscal policy funds a transfer that is nearly 50 percent of GDP through a combination of very high taxes on consumption and capital income. The labor tax schedule has a high average rate but is also moderately progressive. We fi
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Cáceres, Esther, and Matías Lamas. Dividend Restrictions and Search for Income. Banco de España, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/34644.

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We measure the reaction of search for income in mutual funds to supervisory-induced dividend restrictions on euro area banks during the COVID-19 pandemic, which operated as an exogenous shock to payouts in this sector. Using granular data on euro area-based mutual funds’ holdings, we show that demand for dividends motivated portfolio decisions in this period and that these decisions had implications for stock returns. Specifically, we document that there were more sales of bank stocks by income-oriented funds after payout restrictions were set in place. These funds were however less inclined t
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